1741 lines
64 KiB
Org Mode
1741 lines
64 KiB
Org Mode
#+TITLE: Influence of manufacturing process on Cavitation Erosion on CoCrWMoCFeNiSiMn (Stellite 1) alloys
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#+AUTHOR: Vishakh Pradeep Kumar
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#+EMAIL: vp2039@hw.ac.uk
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#+DATE: 2025-08-14 Thu
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#+DESCRIPTION:
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#+KEYWORDS:
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#+LANGUAGE: en
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* Agenda
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_env: frame
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:END:
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- Introduction
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- Aims
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- Methodology
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- Results & Discussion
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- Conclusion
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* Introduction
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** Cavitation Erosion
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*** A block :BMCOL:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_col: 0.6
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:END:
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- *What is cavitation?*
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Collapse of bubbles and the resulting high-frequency high-pressure shock waves. Caused by fluid pressure dropping to vapor pressure, which is particularly common with high fluid flow speeds \cite{krellaDegradationProtectionMaterials2023}.
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- *Why does it matter?*
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Cavitation erosion leads to removal of material, crack growth, and part failure. Affects turbine blades, pump impellers, valves, stirrers, etc.
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#+LaTeX: \note[itemize]{
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#+LaTeX: \item Cavitation is the formation of bubbles from small gas nuclei as the local pressure allows the flow to momentarily enter the vapor phase. When these bubbles collapse near a surface, the resulting impinging jet causes high pressures.
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#+LaTeX: \item These bubbles subsequently collapse as they enter an area of higher pressure, as shown in the figure. The collapse acts like an implosion in which the surface is attacked by high pressure intensity of the impinging jet.
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#+LaTeX: \item point 2
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#+LaTeX: }
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*** A screenshot :BMCOL:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_col: 0.4
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:END:
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#+LaTeX: \only<1>{
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[[file:tikz_valve_seat_original.png]]
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#+LaTeX: }
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#+LaTeX: \only<2>{
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[[file:tikz_valve_seat_bubble.png]]
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#+LaTeX: }
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#+LaTeX: \only<3>{
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[[file:tikz_valve_seat_damage.png]]
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#+LaTeX: }
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** Influences on Stellite Properties
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\begin{center}
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Microstructure determines Cavitation Resistance
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\end{center}
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#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}[ht!]
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#+LaTeX: {
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#+LaTeX: |[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\
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#+LaTeX: |[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\
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#+LaTeX: |[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\
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#+LaTeX: |[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\
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#+LaTeX: |[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\
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#+LaTeX: |[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\
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|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (phases)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[cr_carbide_box]| {\tiny Chromium carbides} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[w_carbide_box]| {\tiny Tungsten carbides} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=process_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (processes)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cooling rates \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Carbide Size \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: {Carbide \\ Morphology} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Porosity \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Slight changes to phase composition \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=property_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of processes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (properties)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: Hardness \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cavitation Erosion \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Fatigue Strength \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Wear Resistance \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Corrosion Resistance \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Backgrounds ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(source),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, fit=(phases),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(processes),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(properties),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{pgfonlayer}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Arrows & Lines ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {Process} (processes_bg);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Specific connection arrows remain unchanged
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{tikzpicture}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % No caption needed for a slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
** Influences on Stellite Properties
|
||
|
||
\begin{center}
|
||
Increased Carbides, Increased Hardness, Increased Cavitation Resistance
|
||
\end{center}
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}[ht!]
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{tikzpicture}[
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Global Settings ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default
|
||
#+LaTeX: node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Node Styles ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: element_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=blue!50!gray,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=blue!5,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Custom styles for each element
|
||
#+LaTeX: Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Style for the individual phase boxes
|
||
#+LaTeX: phase_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny,
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!70,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=yellow!30,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % New styles with proportional heights to fill the container
|
||
#+LaTeX: matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=2.0cm}, % 3 parts
|
||
#+LaTeX: cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=1.3cm}, % 2 parts
|
||
#+LaTeX: w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.6cm}, % 1 part
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Style for the manufacturing process boxes
|
||
#+LaTeX: process_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny,
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!70,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=orange!20,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Style for the material property boxes
|
||
#+LaTeX: property_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny,
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!70,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=green!20,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Background Box Styles ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: group_bg/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!50,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: dashed,
|
||
#+LaTeX: inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Arrow & Line Styles ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger
|
||
#+LaTeX: flow_arrow/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: ->,
|
||
#+LaTeX: blue!80!black,
|
||
#+LaTeX: line width=1.5pt,
|
||
#+LaTeX: >={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]}
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: connection_line/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: ->,
|
||
#+LaTeX: red!70!black,
|
||
#+LaTeX: >=Stealth
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: ]
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Define a background layer
|
||
#+LaTeX: \pgfdeclarelayer{background}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \pgfsetlayers{background,main}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Nodes ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix of source materials
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=element_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (source)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=phase_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (phases)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[cr_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Chromium carbides} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[w_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Tungsten carbides} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=process_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (processes)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cooling rates \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Carbide Size \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: {Carbide \\ Morphology} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Porosity \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Slight changes to phase composition \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=property_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of processes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (properties)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: Hardness \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cavitation Erosion \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Fatigue Strength \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Wear Resistance \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Corrosion Resistance \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Backgrounds ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(source),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, fit=(phases),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(processes),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(properties),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{pgfonlayer}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Arrows & Lines ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {Process} (processes_bg);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Specific connection arrows remain unchanged
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{tikzpicture}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % No caption needed for a slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
** COMMENT Stellite
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points:
|
||
|
||
- the first, very @important@, point!
|
||
- the previous point shows the use of the special markup which
|
||
translates to the Beamer specific /alert/ command for highlighting
|
||
text.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The above list could be numbered or any other type of list and may
|
||
include sub-lists.
|
||
|
||
|
||
** COMMENT Stellite mind map
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
||
:END:
|
||
This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points:
|
||
|
||
** COMMENT Why
|
||
|
||
** COMMENT A simple slide
|
||
This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points:
|
||
|
||
- the first, very @important@, point!
|
||
- the previous point shows the use of the special markup which
|
||
translates to the Beamer specific /alert/ command for highlighting
|
||
text.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The above list could be numbered or any other type of list and may
|
||
include sub-lists.
|
||
|
||
** COMMENT A more complex slide
|
||
This slide illustrates the use of Beamer blocks. The following text,
|
||
with its own headline, is displayed in a block:
|
||
*** Org mode increases productivity :B_theorem:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_env: theorem
|
||
:END:
|
||
- org mode means not having to remember LaTeX commands.
|
||
- it is based on ascii text which is inherently portable.
|
||
- Emacs!
|
||
|
||
\hfill \(\qed\)
|
||
|
||
** COMMENT Two columns
|
||
|
||
*** A block :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.4
|
||
:END:
|
||
- this slide consists of two columns
|
||
- the first (left) column has no heading and consists of text
|
||
- the second (right) column has an image and is enclosed in an
|
||
*example* block
|
||
|
||
*** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.6
|
||
:BEAMER_env: example
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
Stuff
|
||
# #+ATTR_LaTeX: :width \textwidth
|
||
# [[file://../../images/org-beamer/a-simple-slide.png]]
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
* Aims
|
||
|
||
* Methodology
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing
|
||
|
||
*** Text :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.5
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature.
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of ASTMG32 standard :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.5
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{ASTMG32_standard.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{ASTM G32 apparatus for cavitation testing}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
** Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
|
||
*** Close up picture of cavitation erosion :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{cavitationCloseUp.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{ASTM G32 apparatus in operation}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of analytical balance :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{analyticalBalance.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Analytical Balance}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of sample holder :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sampleHolder.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Custom CNC-cut sample holder}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
** Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
*** Text :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
- Seawater was vacuum filtered in order to remove algae and suspended particles
|
||
|
||
- Seawater pH was measured after calibrating pH meter with buffer solutions of pH 7 and pH 14.
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.7
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pHMeter.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{pH Meter reading of seawater}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Methodology - Electrochemical Setup
|
||
*** Text :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.7
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
- Instrument:
|
||
|
||
Corrtest CS310 Potentiostat
|
||
|
||
connected to conventional three-electrode cell.
|
||
|
||
- Working Electrode (WE):
|
||
|
||
The sample, with an exposed area of *$2{cm}^{2}$*.
|
||
|
||
- Reference Electrode (RE):
|
||
|
||
Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE).
|
||
|
||
- Counter Electrode (CE):
|
||
|
||
Graphite plate.
|
||
|
||
- Electrolyte:
|
||
|
||
Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature.
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{electrochemicalSetup.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Three-electrode electrochemical setup}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Methodology - Electrochemical Setup
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.35
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{electrochemicalSetup_4.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Embedded sample after test, with corroded region}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.25
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{electrochemicalSetup_3.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Top View of electrochemical setup}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.25
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{electrochemicalSetup_2.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Initial prototype with platinum counter electrode}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
** Methodology - Electrochemical Tests
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
|
||
- Open Circuit Potential (OCP)
|
||
|
||
Before each electrochemical test, OCP was measured for one hour to ensure each sample reaches equilibrium, before EIS and LPR (explained below).
|
||
|
||
- Electrical Impedence Spectroscopy (EIS)
|
||
|
||
The electrical response of the sample's interface with naturally aerated seawater
|
||
+ Frequency - 10^{5} Hz \rightarrow 10^{-1} Hz
|
||
+ Excitation voltage - *10 mV* and *20 mV*
|
||
+ Spacing - 20 per decade, logarithmic
|
||
|
||
- Linear Polarization Curve (LPR)
|
||
|
||
The current density through the sample with an externally imposed voltage
|
||
+ Voltage - -20 mV wrt OCP \rightarrow 20 mV wrt OCP
|
||
+ Scan rate - 0.1 mV/s
|
||
+ Data Acquisition rate - 10 Hz
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Methodology - X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
|
||
*** Text :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.4
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
|
||
The constituent phases were examined by X-ray diffraction
|
||
- Cu $K\alpha$ radiation ($\lambda = \qty{1.5406}{\angstrom}$),
|
||
- Bragg-Brentano $\theta{}:2\theta{}$,
|
||
- diffraction angle range $2\theta \in \left[10^\circ,80^\circ\right]$,
|
||
- step size of $0.02^\circ$,
|
||
- scanning time of 0.5 sec/step,
|
||
- sample rotation enabled
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \note[itemize]{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \item We used XRD to identify the constituent phases, using fairly standard parameters. The reason we went to the effort of getting XRD was to identify if the manufacturing process caused a difference in proportion of cobalt phase, or in the type of carbides formed.
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of XRD instrument :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.6
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{XRD_instrumentation.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{As-cast sample in the Bruker D8 Advance}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Methodology - Optical Microscopy (OM) & Electron Microscopy (SEM)
|
||
*** Text :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.7
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
- Optical Microscopy (OM)
|
||
|
||
Images were taken with Amscope metallurgical optical microscope
|
||
+ eyepiece magnification 10X
|
||
+ auxiliary magnification 5X, 10X, 20X, 50X, 100X
|
||
|
||
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
|
||
Images were taken with Vega TESCAN and Oxford Instruments
|
||
+ Secondary Emission (SE)
|
||
+ Backscattered Electrons (BSE)
|
||
|
||
+ Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \note[itemize]{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \item We used XRD to identify the constituent phases, using fairly standard parameters. The reason we went to the effort of getting XRD was to identify if the manufacturing process caused a difference in proportion of cobalt phase, or in the type of carbides formed.
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of SEM instrument :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{scanningElectronMicroscopy.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Screenshot of Vega TESCAN software during data acquisition of BSE image}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
** COMMENT Methodology - Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
|
||
*** Text :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.4
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
Ma
|
||
The constituent phases were examined by X-ray diffraction
|
||
- Cu $K\alpha$ radiation ($\lambda = \qty{1.5406}{\angstrom}$),
|
||
- Bragg-Brentano $\theta{}:2\theta{}$,
|
||
- diffraction angle range $2\theta \in \left[10^\circ,80^\circ\right]$,
|
||
- step size of $0.02^\circ$,
|
||
- scanning time of 0.5 sec/step,
|
||
- sample rotation enabled
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \note[itemize]{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \item We used XRD to identify the constituent phases, using fairly standard parameters. The reason we went to the effort of getting XRD was to identify if the manufacturing process caused a difference in proportion of cobalt phase, or in the type of carbides formed.
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
|
||
*** Figure of XRD instrument :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.5
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{scanningElectronMicroscopy.jpeg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Screenshot of Vega TESCAN software during data acquisition of BSE image}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
* Results & Discussion
|
||
|
||
** Results - OM Images
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
# The eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1 appears quite smooth and homogeneous, even up to magnifications of 1000X.
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Use columns for a stable side-by-side layout
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{columns}[T]
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: % --- LEFT COLUMN: Cycles through As-cast images ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Only on slide 1
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<1>{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{0}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_asCast_Stellite1_500X_central_1.jpg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{\centering As-cast Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen centre)}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Only on slide 2
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<2>{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{2}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_asCast_Stellite1_500X_butterfly_1.jpg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{\centering As-cast Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen midway)}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Only on slide 3
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<3>{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{3}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_asCast_Stellite1_500X_nearEdge_1.jpg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{\centering As-cast Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen edge)}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{column}
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: % --- RIGHT COLUMN: Static HIPed image for comparison ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % This subfigure is visible on all slides (1, 2, and 3)
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_HIPed_Stellite1_500X.jpg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{\centering HIPed Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen centre)}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{column}
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{columns}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Optical Microscopy Images of as-cast and HIPed Stellite 1 specimens}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Results - HIPed Stellite 1 SEM Images
|
||
|
||
|
||
# The eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1 appears quite smooth and homogeneous, even up to magnifications of 1000X.
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: % First subfigure
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_10X_SE.jpg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{SE w/ mag 10X}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %\hfill % Adds horizontal space between subfigures
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Second subfigure
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_1000X_SE.jpg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{SE w/ mag 1000X}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
** Results - HIPed Stellite 1 SEM Images
|
||
|
||
|
||
# At higher magnifications we find that carbides and carbide-sized voids in the matrix.
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{figure}{-1} % Add this line to decrement the figure counter
|
||
#+LaTeX: % First subfigure
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{2} % Add this line to start numbering from (c)
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_5000X_SE.jpg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{SE w/ mag 5000X}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %\hfill % Adds horizontal space between subfigures
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Second subfigure
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_5000X_BSE.jpg}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{BSE w/ mag 5000X}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Results - OCP
|
||
|
||
# At higher magnifications we find that carbides and carbide-sized voids in the matrix.
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OCP.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Open Circuit Potential (OCP) of as-Cast and HIPed Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Results - OCP
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
|
||
*** A block :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.4
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
- *OCPs shows upward trend*
|
||
|
||
Upward (nobler) trend indicates passivation (formation of protective layer), reducing rate of corrosion.
|
||
- *HIPed S1 has lower OCP than as-cast S1*
|
||
|
||
Lower OCP is indicative of more thermodynamically stable materials \cite{ogunlakinMicrostructuralElectrochemicalCorrosion2025, rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013}.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
*** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.6
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{figure}{-1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OCP.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Open Circuit Potential (OCP) of as-Cast and HIPed Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Results - EIS
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<1>{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{0}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{EIS_CS_Bode_comparison.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS Bode plot of as-Cast Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<2>{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{EIS_HS_Bode_comparison.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS Bode plot of HIPed Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<3>{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{2}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{EIS_CS_Nyquist_comparison.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS Nyquist plot of as-Cast Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<4>{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{3}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{EIS_HS_Nyquist_comparison.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS Nyquist plot of HIPed Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Comparison of EIS results with excitation frequencies 10, 20, and 30 mV}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
** Results - EIS
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<1>{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{EIS_doublecolumn_bode_plot.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<2->{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{columns}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{column}{0.4\columnwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{itemize}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<2>{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \item \alert{EIS is mostly independent of excitation frequency}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \newline \newline
|
||
#+LaTeX: The discontinuitity that appears at lower frequencies is "delayed" at higher excitation voltages, but datapoints are similar with small errorbars.
|
||
#+LaTeX: \newline \newline Values taken with excitation voltage of 20mV will be used for quantitative analysis
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: \only<3->{
|
||
#+LaTeX: \item EIS is mostly independent of excitation frequency
|
||
#+LaTeX: \item \alert{HIPed Stellite 1 possesses greater impedence}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \newline \newline
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: Greater impedence indicates greater resistance to corrosion. Similar dependence on microstructure observed in as-cast \& HIPed Stellite 6 \cite{malayogluComparingPerformanceHIPed2003, malayogluAssessingKineticsMechanisms2005, nevilleAqueousCorrosionCobalt2010, rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013}.
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{itemize}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{column}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{column}{0.59\columnwidth}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{EIS_doublecolumn_bode_plot.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{column}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{columns}
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
|
||
** Results - EIS
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{EIS_Nyquist_EC_fitting.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Equivalent Circuit fit of EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1, compared with circuit fits extracted from existing literature \cite{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013, azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015, wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}.}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Results - EIS
|
||
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
|
||
*** A block :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.4
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
- HIPed S1 shows lower resistance than HIPed S6
|
||
- as-Cast S1 shows lower resistance than as-Cast S6
|
||
- HIPing, Laserclad (high cooling rate) results in higher resistance than as-Cast, PTA (low cooling rate)
|
||
|
||
- *HIPing significantly improves corrosion resistance*
|
||
|
||
*** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.6
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{EIS_Nyquist_EC_fitting.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Equivalent Circuit fit of EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1, compared with circuit fits extracted from existing literature \cite{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013, azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015, wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}.}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Results - Tafel
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_Tafel.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Tafel plot for HIPed Stellite 1}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
** Results - Tafel
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
|
||
*** A block :BMCOL:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.4
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
- HIPed S1 shows lower resistance than HIPed S6
|
||
- as-Cast S1 shows lower resistance than as-Cast S6
|
||
- HIPing, Laserclad (high cooling rate) results in higher resistance than as-Cast, PTA (low cooling rate)
|
||
|
||
- *HIPing significantly improves corrosion resistance*
|
||
|
||
*** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_col: 0.6
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{EIS_Nyquist_EC_fitting.png}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \caption{Equivalent Circuit fit of EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1, compared with circuit fits extracted from existing literature \cite{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013, azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015, wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}.}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
* Conclusion
|
||
** Effect of Casting
|
||
|
||
# #+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}[ht!]
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{tikzpicture}[
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Global Settings ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default
|
||
#+LaTeX: node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Node Styles ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: element_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=blue!50!gray,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=blue!5,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Custom styles for each element
|
||
#+LaTeX: Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Style for the individual phase boxes
|
||
#+LaTeX: phase_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny,
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!70,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=yellow!30,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % New styles with proportional heights to fill the container
|
||
#+LaTeX: matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=2.0cm}, % 3 parts
|
||
#+LaTeX: cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=1.3cm}, % 2 parts
|
||
#+LaTeX: w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.6cm}, % 1 part
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Style for the manufacturing process boxes
|
||
#+LaTeX: process_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny,
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!70,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=orange!20,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Style for the material property boxes
|
||
#+LaTeX: property_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny,
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!70,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=green!20,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Background Box Styles ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: group_bg/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!50,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: dashed,
|
||
#+LaTeX: inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Arrow & Line Styles ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger
|
||
#+LaTeX: flow_arrow/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: ->,
|
||
#+LaTeX: blue!80!black,
|
||
#+LaTeX: line width=1.5pt,
|
||
#+LaTeX: >={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]}
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: connection_line/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: ->,
|
||
#+LaTeX: red!70!black,
|
||
#+LaTeX: >=Stealth
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: ]
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Define a background layer
|
||
#+LaTeX: \pgfdeclarelayer{background}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \pgfsetlayers{background,main}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Nodes ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix of source materials
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=element_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (source)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=phase_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (phases)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[cr_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Chromium carbides} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[w_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Tungsten carbides} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=process_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (processes)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cooling rates {\bfseries \only<1->{\small Slow}}\\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Carbide Size {\bfseries \only<2->{\small Large}}\\
|
||
#+LaTeX: {Carbide \\ Morphology \\ {\bfseries \only<3->{\tiny Heterogeneous} }} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Porosity {\bfseries \only<4->{\tiny Present}}\\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Slight changes to phase composition \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=property_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of processes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (properties)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: Hardness \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cavitation Erosion \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Fatigue Strength \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Wear Resistance \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Corrosion Resistance \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Backgrounds ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(source),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, fit=(phases),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(processes),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(properties),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{pgfonlayer}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Arrows & Lines ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {Cast} (processes_bg);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Specific connection arrows remain unchanged
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{tikzpicture}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % No caption needed for a slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
** Effect of HIPing
|
||
|
||
# #+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1}
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}[ht!]
|
||
#+LaTeX: \centering
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{tikzpicture}[
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Global Settings ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default
|
||
#+LaTeX: node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Node Styles ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: element_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=blue!50!gray,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=blue!5,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Custom styles for each element
|
||
#+LaTeX: Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Style for the individual phase boxes
|
||
#+LaTeX: phase_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny,
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!70,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=yellow!30,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % New styles with proportional heights to fill the container
|
||
#+LaTeX: matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=2.0cm}, % 3 parts
|
||
#+LaTeX: cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=1.3cm}, % 2 parts
|
||
#+LaTeX: w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.6cm}, % 1 part
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Style for the manufacturing process boxes
|
||
#+LaTeX: process_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny,
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!70,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=orange!20,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Style for the material property boxes
|
||
#+LaTeX: property_box/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: font=\tiny,
|
||
#+LaTeX: align=center,
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!70,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fill=green!20,
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Background Box Styles ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: group_bg/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: draw=black!50,
|
||
#+LaTeX: rounded corners,
|
||
#+LaTeX: dashed,
|
||
#+LaTeX: inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: %--- Arrow & Line Styles ---
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger
|
||
#+LaTeX: flow_arrow/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: ->,
|
||
#+LaTeX: blue!80!black,
|
||
#+LaTeX: line width=1.5pt,
|
||
#+LaTeX: >={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]}
|
||
#+LaTeX: },
|
||
#+LaTeX: connection_line/.style={
|
||
#+LaTeX: ->,
|
||
#+LaTeX: red!70!black,
|
||
#+LaTeX: >=Stealth
|
||
#+LaTeX: }
|
||
#+LaTeX: ]
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Define a background layer
|
||
#+LaTeX: \pgfdeclarelayer{background}
|
||
#+LaTeX: \pgfsetlayers{background,main}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Nodes ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix of source materials
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=element_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (source)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=phase_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (phases)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[cr_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Chromium carbides} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: |[w_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Tungsten carbides} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=process_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (processes)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: {Cooling rates \\ {\bfseries \only<1->{\small Fast}}}\\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Carbide Size {\bfseries \only<2->{\small Small}}\\
|
||
#+LaTeX: {Carbide \\ Morphology \\ {\bfseries \only<3->{\tiny Uniform} }} \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Porosity {\bfseries \only<4->{\tiny Absent}}\\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Slight changes to phase composition \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: nodes=property_box,
|
||
#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm,
|
||
#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of processes,
|
||
#+LaTeX: anchor=west
|
||
#+LaTeX: ] (properties)
|
||
#+LaTeX: {
|
||
#+LaTeX: Hardness \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Cavitation Erosion \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Fatigue Strength \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Wear Resistance \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: Corrosion Resistance \\
|
||
#+LaTeX: };
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Backgrounds ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(source),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, fit=(phases),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(processes),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg,
|
||
#+LaTeX: fit=(properties),
|
||
#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){};
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{pgfonlayer}
|
||
#+LaTeX: %======== Arrows & Lines ========%
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {HIPing} (processes_bg);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: % Specific connection arrows remain unchanged
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX:
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west);
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{tikzpicture}
|
||
#+LaTeX: % No caption needed for a slide
|
||
#+LaTeX: \end{figure}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
* Bibliography
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_env: frame
|
||
:BEAMER_opt: allowframebreaks
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+LaTeX: \printbibliography
|
||
|
||
* COMMENT Preamble
|
||
|
||
Key dates
|
||
- 11 Aug – Submit abstract for presentation by 0900 UK time.
|
||
- 13 Aug – Submit presentation slides by 2359 UK time.
|
||
- 14 Aug – Presentations (timing to be confirmed).
|
||
|
||
Presentation Structure
|
||
- Title Slide - Project name, your name, supervisor name
|
||
- Agenda Slide indicating structure of talk @ high level
|
||
- Rational for work slide(s)
|
||
- Aims slide
|
||
- Methodology Slide
|
||
- Key results Slide
|
||
- Conclusion Slide
|
||
|
||
- Presentation accounts for 10% of the total grade
|
||
- Presentation will be in-person, on Dubai campus, open to all.
|
||
+ 15 minutes presentation maximum, with 10 additional minutes for Q&A and feedback.
|
||
+ Print out slides as well as drafts of thesis and work report.
|
||
+ Presentation must be same as submitted on Canvas.
|
||
+ Recommended slide timing: 1-2 minutes per slide
|
||
12-15 slides maximum for the 15 minutes.
|
||
+ Practise to ensure you do not exceed 15 minutes
|
||
+ Presentation grade is the average of three academic staff assessors.
|
||
|
||
Suggestions
|
||
- Please put presentation slide number on each slide.
|
||
- One substantive point per slide; you do not need to communicate all your results.
|
||
- Not too wordy - use graphics, videos
|
||
- Not too busy - white space is good!
|
||
- Don't overdo the animation
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
** Rationale
|
||
|
||
Cavitation is the formation of bubbles from small gas nuclei as the local pressure allows the flow to momentarily enter the vapor phase. When these bubbles collapse near a surface, the resulting impinging jet causes high pressures.
|
||
|
||
These bubbles subsequently collapse as they enter an area of higher pressure, as shown in the figure.
|
||
The collapse acts like an implosion in which the surface is attacked by high pressure intensity of the impinging jet.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
* COMMENT Items to Bring to the Defense
|
||
|
||
Essentials that you should bring include:
|
||
- [ ] Your presentation
|
||
- [ ] A laser pointer
|
||
- [ ] A copy of your thesis document
|
||
- [ ] A pen or pencil
|
||
- [ ] Something to record comments
|
||
- [ ] A bottle of water
|