msc_thesis/non_academic_paper_references/lit_review/scopus.csv

1		Authors	Author full names	Author(s) ID	Title	Year	Source title	Volume	Issue	Art. No.	Page start	Page end	Page count	Cited by	DOI	Link	Abstract	Author Keywords	Index Keywords	References	Editors	Publisher	ISSN	ISBN	CODEN	Abbreviated Source Title	Document Type	Publication Stage	Open Access	Source	EID
2		Singh N.K.; Ang A.S.M.; Mahajan D.K.; Singh H.	Singh, Navneet K. (57222188561); Ang, Andrew S.M. (56208464800); Mahajan, Dhiraj K. (8712400500); Singh, Harpreet (55627877339)	57222188561; 56208464800; 8712400500; 55627877339	Cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based cermet coatings for monel K-500	2021	Tribology International	159		106954				23	10.1016/j.triboint.2021.106954	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101791936&doi=10.1016%2fj.triboint.2021.106954&partnerID=40&md5=f28c1def942f7738d20b9cfe94440d7a	WC-NiCr and WC-Hastelloy C coatings were deposited on Monel K-500 substrate by HVOF-spray with an aim to enhance cavitation erosion resistance of the alloy. The cavitation tests were performed for 10 h following ASTM G32-10 standard. Both WC-NiCr as well as WC-Hastelloy C coatings successfully reduced the erosion volume loss of the alloy by 59% and 9% respectively. The relatively superior performance of WC-NiCr coating could be attributed to better combination of its microhardness and fracture toughness. Formation of craters, cavities, and debonding of splats were found to be the signatures of cavitation erosion in the coatings. Whereas, microplastic tearing and microcracks were observed as the primary erosion mechanism in Monel K-500. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd	Cavitation; Cermet; Monel K-500; Thermal spray coatings	Cavitation; Erosion; Fracture toughness; HVOF thermal spraying; Microcracks; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cermet coatings; Erosion mechanisms; Hastelloy; HVOF spray; Ni-Cr coatings; Volume loss; Nickel coatings	Carach J., Hloch S., Hlavacek P., Gombar M., Klichova D., Botko F., Mital D., Lehocka D., Hydro-abrasive disintegration of alloy Monel K-500-the influence of technological and abrasive factors on the surface quality, Procedia Eng, 149, pp. 17-23, (2016); Jasionowski R., Depczynski W., Zasada D., Analysis of the initial cavitation erosion period of selected nickel alloys, IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, 461, pp. 1-6, (2019); Pollock T.M., Tin S., Nickel-based alloys for advanced turbine engines chemistry, microstructure, and properties, J Propul Power, 22, pp. 361-374, (2006); Raikwar A.S., Jain A., A review paper on hydrodynamic cavitation, ijesc, 7, pp. 10296-10299, (2017); Grewal H.S., Singh H., Agrawal A., Understanding liquid impingement erosion behaviour of nickel-alumina based thermal spray coatings, Wear, 301, pp. 424-433, (2013); Grewal H.S., Agrawal A., Singh H., Arora H.S., Cavitation erosion studies on friction stir processed hydroturbine steel, Trans Indian Inst Met, 65, pp. 731-734, (2012); Franc J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of cavitation, (2005); Knight R., The HVOF process - the hottest topic in the thermal spray industry, Weld J, pp. 25-30, (1993); Sidhu T.S., Prakash S., Agrawal R.D., State of the art of HVOF coating investigations - a review, Mar Technol Soc J, 39, pp. 53-64, (2005); Wang Y.Y., Li C.J., Ohmori A., Influence of substrate roughness on the bonding mechanisms of high velocity oxy-fuel sprayed coatings, Thin Solid Films, 485, pp. 141-147, (2005); Berger L.M., Application of hardmetals as thermal spray coatings, Int J Refract Metals Hard Mater, 49, pp. 350-364, (2015); Souza V.A.D., Neville A., Corrosion and erosion damage mechanisms during erosion-corrosion of WC-Co-Cr cermet coatings, Wear, 255, pp. 146-156, (2003); Picas J.A., Punset M., Baile M.T., Martin E., Forn A., Tribological evaluation of HVOF thermal-spray coatings as a hard chrome replacement, Surf Interface Anal, 43, pp. 1346-1353, (2011); Piola R., Ang A.S.M., Leigh M., Wade S.A., A comparison of the antifouling performance of air plasma spray (APS) ceramic and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) coatings for use in marine hydraulic applications, Biofouling, 34, pp. 479-491, (2018); Zhang P., Jiang J., Ma A., Wang Z., Wu Y., Lin P., Cavitation erosion resistance of WC-Cr-Co and Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-NiCr coatings prepared by HVOF, Adv Mater Res, 15-17, pp. 199-204, (2006); Du J., Zhang J., Xu J., Zhang C., Cavitation-corrosion behaviors of HVOF sprayed WC-25WB-10Co-5NiCr and MoB-25NiCr coatings, Ceram Int, 46, pp. 21707-21718, (2020); Souza V.A.D., Neville A., Linking electrochemical corrosion behaviour and corrosion mechanisms of thermal spray cermet coatings (WC-CrNi and WC/CrC-CoCr), Mater Sci Eng., 352, pp. 202-211, (2003); Ang A.S.M., Howse H., Wade S.A., Berndt C.C., Manufacturing of nickel based cermet coatings by the HVOF process, Surf Eng, 32, pp. 713-724, (2016); Howse H., Ang A.S.M., Wade S.A., Berndt C.C., Investigation into the suitability of HVOF nickel based cermets in marine hydraulic service subject to biofouling, ITSC, pp. 759-765, (2018); Zhang C.H., Wu C.L., Zhang S., Jia Y.F., Guan M., Tan J.Z., Lin B., Laser cladding of NiCrSiB on Monel 400 to enhance cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance, Rare Met, pp. 1-9, (2016); Song Z., Shiqi W., Wendong C., Siwen H., Chunhua Z., Meng G., Cavitation erosion properties of ni-based re alloy coating on monel alloy by laser cladding, Rare Met Mater Eng, 47, pp. 1517-1522, (2018); “Standard guide for metallographic preparation of thermal sprayed coatings.” E1920-03, ASTM Int., 1-5, (2016); “Standard test method for vickers indentation hardness of advanced ceramics.” C13217-08, ASTM Int., 1-9, (2003); Ding X., Huang Y., Yuan C., Ding Z., Deposition and cavitation erosion behavior of multimodal WC-10Co4Cr coatings sprayed by HVOF, Surf Coating Technol, 392, (2020); Varis T., Suhonen T., Ghabchi A., Valarezo A., Sampath S., Liu X., Hannula S.P., Formation mechanisms, structure, and properties of HVOF-sprayed WC-CoCr coatings: an approach toward process maps, J Therm Spray Technol, 23, pp. 1009-1018, (2014); Lamana M.S., Pukasiewicz A.G.M., Sampath S., Influence of cobalt content and HVOF deposition process on the cavitation erosion resistance of WC-Co coatings, Wear, 398-399, pp. 209-219, (2018); Enrique R.R., Fracture toughness determinations by means of indentation fracture, Nanocompos. Unique Propert. Appl. Med. Indus., pp. 21-38, (2011); Vackel A., Dwivedi G., Sampath S., Structurally integrated, damage-tolerant, thermal spray coatings, JOM (J Occup Med), 67, pp. 1540-1553, (2015); Usmani S., Sampath S., Houck D.L., Lee D., Effect of carbide grain size on the sliding and abrasive wear behavior of thermally sprayed WC-Co coatings, Tribol Trans, 40, pp. 470-478, (1997); “Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus.” G 32-10, pp. 1-19, (2010); “Standard test methods of determining area percentage porosity in thermal sprayed coatings.” E2109-01, pp. 1-8, (2014); Pramod T., Kumar R.K., Seetharamu S., Kamaraj M., Effect of porosity on cavitation erosion resistance of HVOF processed tungsten carbide coatings, Int J Adv Mech Eng, 4, pp. 307-314, (2014); Gonzalez-Hermosilla W.A., Chicot D., Lesage J., Barbera-Sosa J.G.L., Gruescu I.C., Statia M.H., Puchi-Cabrera E.S., Effect of substrate roughness on the fatigue behavior of a SAE 1045 steel coated with a WC-10Co-4Cr cermet, deposited by HVOF thermal spray, Mater. 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Eng., 527, pp. 6551-6561, (2010); Ding Z.X., Chen W., Wang Q., Resistance of cavitation erosion of multimodal WC-12Co coatings sprayed by HVOF, Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China, 21, pp. 2231-2236, (2011); Hattori S., Nakao E., Cavitation erosion mechanism and quantitative evaluation based on erosion particles, Wear, 249, pp. 839-845, (2001); Wang Y., Liu J., Kang N., Darut G., Poirier T., Stella J., Liao H., Planche M.P., Cavitation erosion of plasma-sprayed CoMoCrSi coatings, Tribol Int, 102, pp. 429-435, (2016); Lavigne S., Pougoum F., Savoie S., Martinu L., Klemberg-Sapieha J.E., Schulz R., Cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF CaviTec coatings, Wear, 386-387, pp. 90-98, (2017); Lima M.M., Godoy C., Modensei P.J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Dvison A., Matthews A., Coating fracture toughness determined by Vickers indentation: an important parameter in cavitation erosion resistance of WC–Co thermally sprayed coatings, Surf Coating Technol, 177-178, pp. 489-496, (2004); Ding X., Cheng X., Yu X., Li C., Yuan C., Ding Z., Structure and cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed multi-dimensional WC–10Co4Cr coating, Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China, 28, pp. 487-494, (2018); Zhang H., Chen X., Gong Y., Tian Y., McDonald A., Li H., In-situ SEM observations of ultrasonic cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF-sprayed coatings, Ultrason Sonochem, 60, (2020); Hong S., Wu Y., Wu J., Zheng Y., Xhang Y., Cheng J., Li J., Lin J., Effect of flow velocity on cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed WC-10Ni and WC-20Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-7Ni coatings, Int J Refract Metals Hard Mater, 92, (2020); Yang Q., Senda T., Ohmori A., Effect of carbide grain size on microstructure and sliding wear behavior of HVOF-sprayed WC–12% Co coatings, Wear, 254, pp. 23-34, (2003); Zhang C., Ning Y., Yuxi H., Chao W., Xu B., Song Z., Study on cavitation erosion behavior of Monel alloys in the simulated seawater solution, Adv Mater Res, 631-632, pp. 40-43, (2013)		Elsevier Ltd	0301679X		TRBIB	Tribol Int	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85101791936
3		Szala M.; Walczak M.; Świetlicki A.	Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Walczak, Mariusz (26435581200); Świetlicki, Aleksander (57224314207)	56545535000; 26435581200; 57224314207	Effect of microstructure and hardness on cavitation erosion and dry sliding wear of HVOF deposited CoNiCrAlY, NiCoCrAlY and NiCrMoNbTa coatings	2022	Materials	15	1	93				22	10.3390/ma15010093	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121748597&doi=10.3390%2fma15010093&partnerID=40&md5=dd39477fadbc075bf167e68323efdc95	Metallic coatings based on cobalt and nickel are promising for elongating the life span of machine components operated in harsh environments. However, reports regarding the ambient temperature tribological performance and cavitation erosion resistance of popular MCrAlY (where M = Co, Ni or Co/Ni) and NiCrMoNbTa coatings are scant. This study comparatively investigates the effects of microstructure and hardness of HVOF deposited CoNiCrAlY, NiCoCrAlY and NiCr-MoNbTa coatings on tribological and cavitation erosion performance. The cavitation erosion test was conducted using the vibratory method following the ASTM G32 standard. The tribological examina-tion was done using a ball-on-disc tribometer. Analysis of the chemical composition, microstructure, phase composition and hardness reveal the dry sliding wear and cavitation erosion mechanisms. Coatings present increasing resistance to both sliding wear and cavitation erosion in the following order: NiCoCrAlY < CoNiCrAlY < NiCrMoNbTa. The tribological behaviour of coatings relies on abrasive grooving and oxidation of the wear products. In the case of NiCrMoNbTa coatings, abrasion is followed by the severe adhesive smearing of oxidised wear products which end in the lowest coefficient of friction and wear rate. Cavitation erosion is initiated at microstructure discontinuities and ends with severe surface pitting. CoNiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlY coatings present semi brittle behavior, whereas NiCrMoNbTa presents ductile mode and lesser surface pitting, which improves its anti-cavitation performance. The differences in microstructure of investigated coatings affect the wear and cavitation erosion performance more than the hardness itself. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Cavitation corrosion; Cobalt; Erosion rate; Failure analysis; Hardness; MCrAlY; Nickel; Roughness; Surface engineering; Tribology; Wear	Abrasion; Adhesives; Aluminum alloys; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chemical analysis; Chromium; Chromium alloys; Cobalt; Cobalt alloys; Erosion; Friction; Hardness; Nickel; Textures; Tribology; Wear resistance; Cobalt and nickels; Dry sliding wear; Erosion rates; Harsh environment; Lifespans; MCrAlY; Metallic coating; Performance; Surface engineering; Surface pitting; Failure analysis	Latka L., Thermal barrier coatings manufactured by suspension plasma spraying—A review, Adv. Mat. Sci, 18, pp. 95-117, (2018); Winnicki M., Advanced Functional Metal-Ceramic and Ceramic Coatings Deposited by Low-Pressure Cold Spraying: A Review, Coatings, 11, (2021); Latka L., Szala M., Macek W., Branco R., Mechanical Properties and Sliding Wear Resistance of Suspension Plasma Sprayed YSZ Coatings, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 14, pp. 307-314, (2020); Han Y., Zhu Z., Zhang B., Chu Y., Zhang Y., Fan J., Effects of process parameters of vacuum pre-oxidation on the microstructural evolution of CoCrAlY coating deposited by HVOF, J. Alloys Compd, 735, pp. 547-559, (2018); Davis J.R., Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, (2004); Latka L., Pawlowski L., Winnicki M., Sokolowski P., Malachowska A., Kozerski S., Review of functionally graded thermal sprayed coatings, Appl. Sci, 10, (2020); Czuprynski A., Flame spraying of aluminum coatings reinforced with particles of carbonaceous materials as an alternative for laser cladding technologies, Materials, 12, (2019); Jonda E., Latka L., Comparative analysis of mechanical properties of WC-based cermet Coatings sprayed by HVOF onto AZ31 magnesium alloy substrates, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, pp. 57-64, (2021); Gorka J., Czuprynski A., The properties and structure of arc sprayed coatings alloy of Fe-Cr-Ti-Si-Mn, Int. J. Mod. Manuf. 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Eng, 42, (2020); Taylor T.A., Overs M.P., Gill B.J., Tucker R.C., Experience with MCrAl and thermal barrier coatings produced via inert gas shrouded plasma deposition, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A Vac. Surf. Film, 3, pp. 2526-2531, (1985); Soltani R., Samadi H., Garcia E., Coyle T.W., Development of Alternative Thermal Barrier Coatings for Diesel Engines, (2005); Chun G., Jianmin C., Rungang Y., Jiansong Z., Microstructure and high temperature wear resistance of laser cladding NiCoCrAlY/ZrB<sub>2</sub> coating, Rare Met. Mater. Eng, 42, pp. 1547-1551, (2013); Wang W., Li J., Ge Y., Kong D., Structural characteristics and high-temperature tribological behaviors of laser cladded NiCoCrAlY–B<sub>4</sub> C composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 31, pp. 2729-2739, (2021); Pereira J., Zambrano J., Licausi M., Tobar M., Amigo V., Tribology and high temperature friction wear behavior of MCrAlY laser cladding coatings on stainless steel, Wear, (2015); Cao S., Ren S., Zhou J., Yu Y., Wang L., Guo C., Xin B., Influence of composition and microstructure on the tribological property of SPS sintered MCrAlY alloys at elevated temperatures, J. Alloy. Compd, 740, pp. 790-800, (2018); Zakrzewska D.E., Krella A.K., Cavitation erosion resistance influence of material properties, Adv. in Mater. 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A, 48, pp. 2193-2206, (2017); Hattori S., Mikami N., Cavitation erosion resistance of Stellite alloy weld overlays, Wear, 267, pp. 1954-1960, (2009); Szala M., Chocyk D., Skic A., Kaminski M., Macek W., Turek M., Effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the cavitation erosion resistance and cobalt-based solid solution phase transformations of HIPed Stellite 6, Materials, 14, (2021); Jonda E., Latka L., Pakiela W., Comparison of different cermet coatings sprayed on magnesium alloy by HVOF, Materials, 14, (2021); Caccese V., Light K.H., Berube K.A., Cavitation erosion resistance of various material systems, Ships Offshore Struct, 1, pp. 309-322, (2006); Grist E., Cavitation and the Centrifugal Pump: A Guide for Pump Users, (1998); Szala M., Walczak M., Hejwowski T., Factors influencing cavitation erosion of NiCrSiB hardfacings deposited by oxy-acetylene powder welding on grey cast iron, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. 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4		Chernin L.; Guobys R.; Vilnay M.	Chernin, Leon (7006691464); Guobys, Raimondas (57210864540); Vilnay, Margi (57053345000)	7006691464; 57210864540; 57053345000	Factors affecting the procedure for testing cavitation erosion of GFRP composites using an ultrasonic transducer	2023	Wear	530-531		205059				2	10.1016/j.wear.2023.205059	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165985087&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2023.205059&partnerID=40&md5=da3bd614ee93dc37e864de59d055cefd	In many marine applications, glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are exposed to adverse environmental effects including cavitation. Prolonged exposure to cavitation can damage GFRP composite surfaces that would eventually require repairing or replacing marine device components. This study initially investigates the deterioration of GFRP composite and its constituent materials (i.e., epoxy and glass) by cavitation erosion. The cavitation cloud is produced by an ultrasonic transducer, and cavitation erosion tests adhered to ASTM G32-16 standard. It is shown that the erosion process of GFRP composite has characteristics of both epoxy and glass. The second part of this study investigates the effect of several parameters associated with the experimental setup, testing procedure and material properties on ultrasonic cavitation erosion of GFRP composite. These parameters include gas content in testing liquid, type of specimen support, specimen water absorption, acoustic impedance, and tensile strength. It is reported that specimen edge treatment influenced water absorption, specimen preconditioning was important for accurate recording of erosion damage accumulation, acoustic impedance and tensile strength were directly correlated with erosion damage, while the cavitation erosion process of GFRP composite was mostly insensitive to gas content in testing liquid but was significantly affected by the type of specimen support. © 2023 The Authors	Experimental setup and procedure; Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite; Specimen material properties; Ultrasonic cavitation erosion	Acoustic impedance; Deterioration; Erosion; Glass fibers; Marine applications; Reinforcement; Tensile strength; Tensile testing; Ultrasonic transducers; Water absorption; Epoxy; Erosion damage; Erosion process; Experimental setup and procedure; Exposed to; Gas content; Glass-fiber reinforced polymer composites; Specimen material property; Ultrasonic cavitation; Ultrasonic cavitation erosion; Cavitation	Chernin L., Val D., Probabilistic prediction of cavitation on rotor blades of tidal stream turbines, Renew. Energy, 113, pp. 688-696, (2017); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); Hammond D., Amateau M., Queeney R., Cavitation erosion performance of fiber reinforced composites, J. Compos. Mater., 27, 16, pp. 1522-1544, (1993); Caccese V., Light K., Berube K., Cavitation erosion resistance of various material systems, Ships Offshore Struct., 1, 4, pp. 309-322, (2006); Yamatogi T., Murayama H., Uzawa K., Kageyama K., Watanabe N., Study on cavitation erosion of composite materials for marine propeller, ICCM-1, (2009); Guobys R., Rodriguez A., Chernin L., Cavitation erosion performance of unidirectional glass fibre reinforced composites, Compos. B Eng., 177, 15 November, (2019); Hattori S., Itoh T., Cavitation erosion resistance of plastics, Wear, 271, 7-8, pp. 1103-1108, (2011); Rahman N., Hassan A., Yahya R., Lafia-Araga R., Impact properties of glass-fiber/polypropylene composites: the influence of fiber loading, specimen geometry and test temperature, Fibers Polym., 14, 11, pp. 1877-1885, (2013); Minnaert M., XVI. On musical air-bubbles and the sounds of running water, London, Edinburgh Dublin Phil. Mag. J. Sci., 16, 104, pp. 235-248, (1933); Feng H., Barbosa-Canovas G., Weiss J., Ultrasound Technologies for Food and Bioprocessing, (2011); Bai L., Xu W., Zhang F., Li N., Zhang Y., Huang D., Cavitation characteristics of pit structure in ultrasonic field, Sci. China E, 52, 7, pp. 1974-1980, (2009); Image processing software ImageJ; VGSTUDIO MAX: high-end software for CT data; Hattori S., Ishikura R., Zhang Q., Construction of database on cavitation erosion and analyses of carbon steel data, Wear, 257, pp. 1022-1029, (2004); Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials, (2017); Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness, (2015); Liao K., Schultheisz C., Hunston D., Long-term environmental fatigue of pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced composites under flexural loading, Int. J. Fatig., 21, 5, pp. 485-495, (1999); Buehler F., Seferis J., Effect of reinforcement and solvent content on moisture absorption in epoxy composite materials, Compos. Appl. Sci. Manuf., 31, 7, pp. 741-748, (2000); Ellyin F., Rohrbacher C., The influence of aqueous environment, temperature and cyclic loading on glass-fibre/epoxy composite laminates, J. Reinforc. Plast. Compos., 22, 7, pp. 615-636, (2003); Abdel-Magid B., Ziaee S., Gass K., Schneider M., The combined effects of load, moisture and temperature on the properties of E-glass/epoxy composites, Compos. Struct., 71, 3-4, pp. 320-326, (2005); Chow W., Water absorption of epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites, Express Polym. Lett., 1, 2, pp. 104-108, (2007); Chatterjee A., Gillespie J., Moisture absorption behaviour of epoxies and their S2 glass composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 108, 6, pp. 3942-3951, (2008); Mourad A., Abdel-Magid B., El-Maaddawy T., Grami M., Effect of seawater and warm environment on glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composites, Appl. Compos. Mater., 17, 5, pp. 557-573, (2010); Bian L., Xiao J., Zeng J., Xing S., Effects of seawater immersion on water absorption and mechanical properties of GFRP composites, J. Compos. Mater., 46, 25, pp. 3151-3162, (2012); Sathishkumar T., Satheeshkumar S., Naveen J., Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites - a review, J. Reinforc. Plast. Compos., 33, 13, pp. 1258-1275, (2014); Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials, (2014); Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics, (2015); Alvarez Franco F.J., Fundamentals of airborne acoustic positioning systems, Intelligent Data-Centric Systems, Geographical and Fingerprinting Data to Create Systems for Indoor Positioning and Indoor/Outdoor Navigation, 2019, pp. 335-351, (2019); Chi S., Park J., Shon M., Study on cavitation erosion resistance and surface topologies of various coating materials used in shipbuilding industry, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, pp. 384-389, (2015); Wallenberger F., Bingham P., Fiberglass and Glass Technology, (2010); Bohm H., Betz S., Ball A., The wear resistance of polymers, Tribol. Int., 23, 6, pp. 399-406, (1990)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final	All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85165985087
5		Roa C.V.; Valdes J.A.; Larrahondo F.; Rodríguez S.A.; Coronado J.J.	Roa, C.V. (56736483200); Valdes, J.A. (35201978100); Larrahondo, F. (57189349606); Rodríguez, S.A. (26425236600); Coronado, J.J. (14621581300)	56736483200; 35201978100; 57189349606; 26425236600; 14621581300	Comparison of the Resistance to Cavitation Erosion and Slurry Erosion of Four Kinds of Surface Modification on 13-4 Ca6NM Hydro-Machinery Steel	2021	Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance	30	10		7195	7212	17	16	10.1007/s11665-021-05908-9	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107513747&doi=10.1007%2fs11665-021-05908-9&partnerID=40&md5=8543d9246527352a1a7bc70ff69ef0c8	The cavitation and slurry jet erosion resistance of surface-coated and thermochemically treated CA6NM 13-4 steel were evaluated in this work. The cavitation erosion experiments followed the ASTM G32 standard, while the slurry jet erosion tests were performed using a homemade tribometer. CA6NM steel was used as substrate and as reference material for all wear experiments. The surface treatments included plasma nitriding and salt bath nitro-carburization, while the coatings evaluated were thermal-sprayed WC-10Co4Cr and a commercial grade elastomeric coating. The microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the mechanical properties were estimated by nanoindentation. From the results analysis, it was found that the plasma nitriding permitted high improvement against slurry jet erosion, similarly to the WC-10Co4Cr coating. Moreover, the thermochemical treatments of plasma nitriding and salt bath nitrocarburizing showed better increments of cavitation resistance when compared to the coatings evaluated. Based on these findings, comments on the challenges involved in the manufacture route for hydropower runners with enhanced performance against wear are included. © 2021, ASM International.	13-4 CA6NM steel; cavitation erosion; HVOF coating; plasma nitriding; salt bath nitrocarburizing; slurry erosion; turbomachinery	Aluminum nitride; Cavitation; Erosion; Machinery; Nitriding; Nitrogen plasma; Plasma applications; Scanning electron microscopy; Sprayed coatings; Wear of materials; Cavitation resistance; Commercial grade; Elastomeric coatings; Erosion experiments; Erosion resistance; Reference material; Thermo-chemically; Thermochemical treatments; Surface resistance	Gohil P.P., Saini R., Coalesced Effect of Cavitation and Silt Erosion in Hydro Turbines—A Review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 33, pp. 280-289, (2014); Dorji U., Ghomashchi R., Hydro Turbine Failure Mechanisms: An Overview, Eng. Fail. Anal., 44, pp. 136-147, (2014); Padhy M.K., Saini R., A Review on Silt Erosion in Hydro Turbines, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 12, 7, pp. 1974-1987, (2008); Sangal S., Singhal M., Saini R., Hydro-abrasive Erosion in Hydro Turbines: A Review, Int. J. Green Energy, 15, 4, pp. 232-253, (2018); Teran L., Et al., Failure Analysis of a Run-of-the-river Hydroelectric Power Plant, Eng. Fail. Anal., 68, pp. 87-100, (2016); Lopez D., Zapata J., Sepulveda M., Hoyos E., Toro A., The Role of Particle Size and Solids Concentration on the Transition From Moderate to Severe Slurry Wear Regimes of ASTM A743 Gr ade CA6NM Stainless Steel, Tribol. Int., 127, pp. 96-107, (2018); Espitia L., Toro A., Cavitation Resistance, Microstructure and Surface Topography of Materials Used for Hydraulic Components, Tribol. Int., 43, 11, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Garcia G., Lopez-Rios V., Espinosa A., Abenojar J., Velasco F., Toro A., Cavitation Resistance of Epoxy-Based Multilayer Coatings: Surface Damage and Crack Growth Kinetics During the Incubation Stage, Wear, 316, 1-2, pp. 124-132, (2014); Romo S., Santa J., Giraldo J., Toro A., Cavitation and High-Velocity Slurry Erosion Resistance of Welded Stellite 6 Alloy, Tribol. Int., 47, pp. 16-24, (2012); Santa J., Blanco J., Giraldo J., Toro A., Cavitation Erosion of Martensitic and Austenitic Stainless Steel Welded Coatings, Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Santa J., Espitia L., Blanco J., Romo S., Toro A., Slurry and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Thermal Spray Coatings, Wear, 267, 1-4, pp. 160-167, (2009); Mann B., Arya V., Abrasive and Erosive Wear Characteristics of Plasma Nitriding and HVOF Coatings: Their Application in Hydro Turbines, Wear, 249, 5-6, pp. 354-360, (2001); Singh H., Goyal K., Goyal D.K., Experimental Investigations on Slurry Erosion Behaviour of HVOF and HVOLF Sprayed Coatings on Hydraulic Turbine Steel, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 70, 6, pp. 1585-1592, (2017); Prashar G., Vasudev H., Thakur L., Brunatto S., Performance of Different Coating Materials Against Slurry Erosion Failure in Hydrodynamic Turbines: A Review, Eng. Failure Anal., 115, (2014); Allenstein A., Lepienski C., Buschinelli A.D.A., Brunatto S., Improvement of the Cavitation Erosion Resistance for Low-Temperature Plasma Nitrided CA-6NM Martensitic Stainless Steel, Wear, 309, 1-2, pp. 159-165, (2014); Espitia L., Varela L., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Low Temperature Plasma Nitrided Martensitic Stainless Steel, Wear, 301, 1-2, pp. 449-456, (2013); Manisekaran T., Kamaraj M., Sharrif S., Joshi S., Slurry Erosion Studies on Surface Modified 13Cr-4Ni Steels: Effect of Angle of Impingement and Particle Size, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 16, 5, pp. 567-572, (2007); Huang R., Wang J., Zhong S., Li M., Xiong J., Fan H., Surface Modification of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel by Low Temperature Salt Bath Nitrocarburizing at 430 C, Appl. Surf. Sci., 271, pp. 93-97, (2013); Grewal H., Arora H., Singh H., Agrawal A., Surface Modification of Hydroturbine Steel Using Friction Stir Processing, Appl. Surf. Sci., 268, pp. 547-555, (2013); Kishor B., Chaudhari G., Nath S., Cavitation Erosion of Thermomechanically Processed 13/4 Martensitic Stainless Steel, Wear, 319, 1-2, pp. 150-159, (2014); Mann B., High-Energy Particle Impact Wear Resistance of Hard Coatings and Their Application in Hydroturbines, Wear, 237, 1, pp. 140-146, (2000); Krella A., Cavitation Erosion of Monolayer PVD Coatings–An Influence of Deposition Technique on the Degradation Process, Wear, 478, (2021); Latka L., Michalak M., Szala M., Walczak M., Sokolowski P., Ambroziak A., Influence of 13 wt% TiO2 Content in Alumina-titania Powders on Microstructure, Sliding Wear and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of APS Sprayed Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 410, (2021); Szala M., Latka L., Awtoniuk M., Winnicki M., Michalak M., Neural Modelling of APS Thermal Spray Process Parameters for Optimizing the Hardness, Porosity and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 Coatings, Processes, 8, 12, (2020); Azar G.T.P., Yelkarasi C., Urgen M., The Role of Droplets on the Cavitation Erosion Damage of TiN Coatings Produced with Cathodic Arc Physical Vapor Deposition, Surf. Coat. Technol., 322, pp. 211-217, (2017); Teran L., Et al., Analysis of Economic Impact From Erosive Wear by Hard Particles in a Run-of-the-river Hydroelectric Plant, Energy, 113, pp. 1188-1201, (2016); Liu X., Luo Y., Karney B.W., Wang W., A Selected Literature Review of Efficiency Improvements in Hydraulic Turbines, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 51, pp. 18-28, (2015); Kumar P., Saini R., Study of Cavitation in Hydro Turbines—A Review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 14, 1, pp. 374-383, (2010); Trautwein A., Gysel W., Influence of long-time aging of CF8 and CF8M cast steel at temperatures between 300 and 500 C on impact toughness and structural properties, Stainless Steel Castings: ASTM International, pp. 165-189, (1982); Allenstein A., Lepienski C., Buschinelli A., Brunatto S., Plasma Nitriding Using High H2 Content Gas Mixtures for a Cavitation Erosion Resistant Steel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 277, pp. 15-24, (2013); Schramm B., Dwars A., Kuhl A., Do Coatings Protect Against Corrosion and Wear?, World Pumps, 2005, 470, pp. 32-38, (2005); Correa C., Garcia G., Garcia A., Bejarano W., Guzman A., Toro A., Wear Mechanisms of Epoxy-Based Composite Coatings Submitted to Cavitation, Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 2274-2279, (2011); Allenstein A., Et al., Strong Evidences of Tempered Martensite-to-nitrogen-expanded Austenite Transformation in CA-6NM Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 552, pp. 569-572, (2012); Yan J., Et al., Microstructure and Properties of SAE 2205 Stainless Steel After Salt Bath Nitrocarburizing at 450 °C, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 23, 4, pp. 1157-1164, (2014); Prakash G., Nath S., Studies on Enhancement of Silt Erosion Resistance of 13/4 Martensitic Stainless Steel by Low-Temperature Salt Bath Nitriding, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 27, 7, pp. 3206-3216, (2018); Sugiyama K., Nakahama S., Hattori S., Nakano K., Slurry Wear and Cavitation Erosion of Thermal-Sprayed Cermets, Wear, 258, 5-6, pp. 768-775, (2005); Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken PA, (2009); Staia M., Et al., Effect of Substrate Roughness Induced by Grit Blasting Upon Adhesion of WC-17% Co Thermal Sprayed Coatings, Thin Solid Films, 377, pp. 657-664, (2000); Amada S., Hirose T., Influence of Grit Blasting Pre-Treatment on the Adhesion Strength of Plasma Sprayed Coatings: Fractal Analysis of Roughness, Surf. Coat. 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Rev., 2, 1, (2015); Hong C.-C., Stern M., The Computation of Stress Intensity Factors in Dissimilar Materials, J. Elast., 8, 1, pp. 21-34, (1978); Stachowiak G., Batchelor A.W., Engineering tribology, (2013)		Springer	10599495		JMEPE	J Mater Eng Perform	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85107513747
6		Szala M.; Łatka L.; Walczak M.; Winnicki M.	Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Łatka, Leszek (36661124200); Walczak, Mariusz (26435581200); Winnicki, Marcin (37462588100)	56545535000; 36661124200; 26435581200; 37462588100	Comparative study on the cavitation erosion and sliding wear of cold-sprayed al/al2o3 and cu/al2o3 coatings, and stainless steel, aluminium alloy, copper and brass	2020	Metals	10	7	856	1	25	24	56	10.3390/met10070856	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087183364&doi=10.3390%2fmet10070856&partnerID=40&md5=3341fab9170f1f9ee00af14774b8f826	The paper investigates the cavitation erosion (CE) and sliding wear (SW) resistance of cold-sprayed Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 composites and studies them in relation to a set of metallic materials such as aluminium alloy (AlCu4Mg1), pure copper (Cu110), brass (CuZn40Pb2) and stainless steel (AISI 304). The coatings were deposited on stainless steel by low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) using Al (40 wt.%) and Cu (50 wt.%) blended with Al2O3 (60 and 50 wt.%, respectively) feedstocks. CE resistance was estimated by the stationary sample method according to the ASTM G32 standard. The SW test was conducted using a ball-on-disc tester with compliance to the ASTM G99 standard. Results obtained for the LPCS coatings show that the Cu/Al2O3 coating exhibits a denser structure but lower adhesion and microhardness than Al/Al2O3. The Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 resistance to cavitation is lower than for bulk alloys; however, composites present higher sliding wear resistance to that of AlCu4Mg1, CuZn40Pb2 and stainless steel. The CE wear mechanisms of LPCS composites start at the structural discontinuities and non-uniformities. The cavitation erosion degradation mechanism of Al/Al2O3 relies on chunk material detachment while that of Cu/Al2O3 initiates by alumina removal and continues as layer-like Cu-metallic material removal. CE damage of metal alloys relies on the fatigue-induced removal of deformed material. The SW mechanism of bulk alloys has a dominant adhesive mode. The addition of Al2O3 successfully reduces the material loss of LPCS composites but increases the friction coefficient. Coatings’ wear mechanism has an adhesive-abrasive mode. In both CE and SW environment, the behaviour of the cold-sprayed Cu/Al2O3 composite is much more promising than that of the Al/Al2O3. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Alumina; Aluminium; Cavitation erosion; Cold spray; Composite; Copper; Failure mechanism; Friction coefficient; MMC; Sliding; Wear		Wen S., Huang P., Principles of Tribology, (2012); Tomkow J., Czuprynski A., Fydrych D., The abrasive wear resistance of coatings manufactured on high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) offshore steel in wet welding conditions, Coatings, 10, (2020); Al-Hamed A., Al-Fadhli H.Y., Al-Mutairi S., Yilbas B.S., Hashmi M.S.J., Stokes J., Investigation of HVOF thermal sprayed nanostructured WC-12Co mixed with Inconel-625 coatings for oil/gas applications, Surface Effects and Contact Mechanics XI; WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences, 78, pp. 215-225, (2013); Szala M., Szafran M., Macek W., Marchenko S., Hejwowski T., Abrasion resistance of S235, S355, C45, AISI 304 and Hardox 500 steels with usage of garnet, corundum and carborundum abrasives, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 13, pp. 151-161, (2019); Krebs S., Gaertner F., Klassen T., Cold spraying of Cu-Al-Bronze for cavitation protection in marine environments, Mater. Werkst, 45, pp. 708-716, (2014); Hou B.-R., Zhang J., Duan J.-Z., Li Y., Zhang J.-L., Corrosion of thermally sprayed zinc and aluminium coatings in simulated splash and tidal zone conditions, Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol, 38, pp. 157-160, (2003); Verna E., Biagi R., Kazasidis M., Galetto M., Bemporad E., Lupoi R., Modeling of erosion response of cold-sprayed In718-Ni composite coating using full factorial design, Coatings, 10, (2020); Zakrzewska D.E., Krella A.K., Cavitation erosion resistance influence of material properties, Adv. Mater. Sci, 19, pp. 18-34, (2019); Du J., Zhang J., Zhang C., Effect of heat treatment on the cavitation erosion performance of WC–12Co coatings, Coatings, 9, (2019); Szymanski K., Hernas A., Moskal G., Myalska H., Thermally sprayed coatings resistant to erosion and corrosion for power plant boilers—A review, Surf. Coat. Technol, 268, pp. 153-164, (2015); Zoei M.S., Sadeghi M.H., Salehi M., Effect of grinding parameters on the wear resistance and residual stress of HVOF-deposited WC–10Co–4Cr coating, Surf. Coat. Technol, 307, pp. 886-891, (2016); Goyal D.K., Singh H., Kumar H., Sahni V., Slurry erosive wear evaluation of HVOF-spray Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coating on some turbine steels, J. Therm. Spray Technol, 21, pp. 838-851, (2012); Singh J., Kumar S., Mohapatra S.K., An erosion and corrosion study on thermally sprayed WC-Co-Cr powder synergized with Mo<sub>2</sub>C/Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> feedstock powders, Wear, pp. 438-439, (2019); Lavigne S., Pougoum F., Savoie S., Martinu L., Klemberg-Sapieha J.E., Schulz R., Cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF CaviTec coatings, Wear, pp. 90-98, (2017); Koga G.Y., Wolf W., Schulz R., Savoie S., Bolfarini C., Kiminami C.S., Botta W.J., Corrosion and wear properties of FeCrMnCoSi HVOF coatings, Surf. Coat. 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7	Bordeasu	Mitelea I.; Bena T.; Bordeasu I.; Craciunescu C.M.	Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bena, Traian (57193098582); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Craciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)	16309955100; 57193098582; 13409573100; 6603971254	Relationships between microstructure, roughness parameters and ultrasonic cavitation erosion behaviour of nodular cast iron, EN-GJS-400-15	2018	Revista de Chimie	69	3		612	617	5	4	10.37358/rc.18.3.6160	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045001639&doi=10.37358%2frc.18.3.6160&partnerID=40&md5=ab3bc9755c7b8fd9b5178085a3368159	The main objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of microstructure on the degradation of nodular casting by cavitation erosion and the correlation of the surface wear parameters with the sizes that characterize the resistance opposite to the cavitation phenomenon. The cavitation tests were conducted on a vibrator with piezoceramic crystals, respecting the ASTM G32-2010 standard. Microstructural investigations on eroded surfaces were performed on the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscope, and the roughness measurements with the Mitutoyo apparatus. The obtained results have demonstrated the existence of a good correlation between the resistance to cavitation erosion and the roughness parameters Ra, Rz and Rt. © 2018 SYSCOM 18 S.R.L. All rights reserved.	Cavitation erosion; Nodular cast iron; Surface roughness		Shamanian M., Mousavi Abarghouie S.M.R., Mousavi Pour S.R., Effects of surface alloying on microstructure and wear behavior of ductile iron, Materials & Design, 31, 6, pp. 2760-2766, (2011); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitationala a Materialelor, (2006); Bena T., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., The effect of the softening annealing and of normalizing on the cavitation erosion rezistance of nodular cast iron FGN 400-15, International Conference on Metalurgy and Materials, pp. 653-658, (2016); Abboud J.H., Microstructure and erosion characteristic of nodular cast iron surface modified by tungsten inert gas, Materials & Design, 35, pp. 677-684, (2012); Podgornik B., Vizintin J., Thorbjornsson I., Johannesson B., Thorgrimsson J.T., Martinez Celis M., Valle N., Improvement of ductile iron wear resistance through local surface reinforcement, Wear, 274-275, pp. 267-273, (2012); Fernandez-Vicente A., Pellizzari M., Arias J.L., Feasibility of laser surface treatment of pearlitic and bainitic ductile irons for hot rolls, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212, 5, pp. 989-1002, (2012); Alabeedi K.F., Abboud J.H., Benyounis K.Y., Microstructure and erosion resistance enhancement of nodular cast iron by laser melting, Wear, 266, 9-10, pp. 925-933, (2009); Bena T., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C., The quenching -Tempering heat treatament and cavitation erosion resistance of nodular cast iron with ferrite - pearlite microstructure, Metal 2017, International Conference on Metalurgy and Materials, pp. 118-123, (2017); Heydarzadeh Sohi M., Ebrahimi M., Ghasemi H.M., Shahripour A., Microstructural study of surface melted and chromium surface alloyed ductile iron, Applied Surface Science, 258, 19, pp. 7348-7353, (2012); Sirbu Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Mitelea I., Utu I.D., Pirvulescu L.D., Nicusor A.N., Cavitation erosion of HVOF metal-ceramic composite coatings deposited onto duplex stainless steel substrate, Mat. Plast., 53, 4, (2016); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Utu I.D., Karancsi O., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of titanium alloys deposited by plasma s praying and remelted by laser, Mat. Plast, 53, 1, (2016); Benyounis K.Y., Fakron O.M.A., Abboud J.H., Olabi A.G., Hashmi M.J.S., Surface melting of nodular cast iron by Nd-YAG laser and TIG, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 170, 1-2, pp. 127-132, (2005); Zenker R., Buchwalder A., Ruthrich K., Griesbach W., Nagel K., First results of a new duplex surface treatment for cast iron: Electron beam remelting and plasma nitriding, Surface and Coatings Technology, 236, pp. 58-62, (2013); Yan H., Wang A., Xiong Z., Xu K., Huang Z., Microstructure and wear resistance of composite layers on a ductile iron with multicarbide by laser surface alloying, Applied Surface Science, 256, 3, pp. 7001-7009, (2010); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Craciunescu C.M., Microstructure and cavitation erosion resistance of the X2CrNiMoN22- 5-3 Duplex stainless steels subjected to laser nitriding, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 68, 12, (2017); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Pelle M., Carciunescu M.C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of nodular cast iron with ferrite-pearlite microstructure, Ultrasonic Sonochemistry, 23, pp. 385-390, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Lazar I., Micu L.M., Karancsi O., Cavitation erosion behaviour of cooper base layers deposited by hvof thermal spraying, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 68, 12, (2017)		Syscom 18 SRL	347752		RCBUA	Rev Chim	Article	Final	All Open Access; Bronze Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85045001639
8		Chernin L.; Guobys R.; Vilnay M.	Chernin, Leon (7006691464); Guobys, Raimondas (57210864540); Vilnay, Margi (57053345000)	7006691464; 57210864540; 57053345000	Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of CFRP composites	2024	Wear	544-545		205300				0	10.1016/j.wear.2024.205300	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185297137&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2024.205300&partnerID=40&md5=88588e811685056e7164b44d1bb5a1cf	To date, cavitation erosion of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites has attracted only limited scientific attention. This paper investigates this knowledge gap through a series of experiments, in which unidirectional and bidirectional (2x2 twill) CFRP composites were exposed to cavitation clouds produced by an ultrasonic transducer in distilled water. Both composites were bonded with epoxy resin. Cavitation erosion tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32-16 standard using a stationary specimen method. The effect of water absorption on monitoring erosion damage was studied using saturated and dry specimens. Specimen mass loss measurements and microscopy observations were done at regular intervals throughout testing. Erosion imprint topographies were studied using X-ray computed microtomography. Three distinct erosion stages were identified from the erosion process observations. Nonuniformities in surface geometry and properties facilitated nucleation and accelerated local erosion. Surface epoxy thickness, fibre diameter and packing, and thickness and layup of fibre bundles influenced the erosion process. The erosion mechanisms included cracking and debonding of epoxy, and tunnelling and trenching in fibre bundles. Research findings indicated that the composite internal structure can potentially be designed for reduced water absorption and increased erosion resistance. 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China E, 52, 7, pp. 1974-1980, (2009); Alvarez Franco F.J., Fundamentals of airborne acoustic positioning systems, Intelligent Data-Centric Systems, Geographical and Fingerprinting Data to Create Systems for Indoor Positioning and Indoor/Outdoor Navigation, pp. 335-351, (2019); Hattori S., Itoh T., Cavitation erosion resistance of plastics, Wear, 271, 7-8, pp. 1103-1108, (2011); Chi S., Park J., Shon M., Study on cavitation erosion resistance and surface topologies of various coating materials used in shipbuilding industry, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, pp. 384-389, (2015)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final	All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85185297137
9		Kim Y.J.; Jang J.W.; Lee D.W.; Yi S.	Kim, Y.J. (56066905400); Jang, J.W. (56424615000); Lee, D.W. (56688702500); Yi, S. (14008383000)	56066905400; 56424615000; 56688702500; 14008383000	Porosity effects of a Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystals coating prepared by a commercial high velocity oxy-fuel process on cavitation erosion behaviors	2015	Metals and Materials International	21	4		673	677	4	16	10.1007/s12540-015-4580-x	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938199781&doi=10.1007%2fs12540-015-4580-x&partnerID=40&md5=0c22b5bc0196ad91b5d2253b77ee815c	Coatings with different porosities were prepared by controlling high velocity oxy-fuel process parameters. Pores were distributed homogeneously along the thickness of the coatings. Cavitation erosion rate of the coating was obtained by a vibratory cavitation equipment following ASTM G32 standard. As porosity of the coating increases, the cavitation erosion rate increases. Significantly high cavitation erosion rate was obtained in the early stage of the test for the coating with high porosity. As cavitation erosion test proceeds, the cavitation erosion rate tends to decrease. Cracks initiated in the surface pore area propagate along powder boundaries and merge to pores near surface. Due to the cracks, large coating parts consisting of a bunch of powders with good bonding were detached from the coating increasing the cavitation erosion rate. Corrosion products were preferentially formed on the pore areas enhancing the cavitation erosion rate. Consequently, pores near coating surface significantly accelerate the cavitation erosion rate through mechanical as well as chemical manners. © 2015, The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	amorphous materials; corrosion; erosion; nanostructured materials; plasma deposition/spray	Amorphous materials; Cavitation; Chemical bonds; Coatings; Corrosion; Cracks; Fuels; Nanostructured materials; Porosity; Coating surface; Corrosion products; Erosion rates; High porosity; High velocity oxy fuel; Near surfaces; Porosity effect; Process parameters; Erosion	Rebak R.B., Day S.D., Lian T., Hailey P.D., Farmer J.C., the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 39A, (2008); Telford M., Materials Today, 7, (2004); Li X.Y., Yan Y.G., Ma L., Xu Z.M., Li J.G., Mater. Sci. and Eng. A, 382, (2004); Santa J.F., Espitia L.A., Blanco J.A., Romo S.A., Toro A., Wear, 267, (2009); Carnelli D., Karimi A., PierreFranc J., Wear, 289, (2012); Lin J., Wang Z., Lin P., Cheng J., Zhang X., Hong S., Surf. Coat. Technol., 240, (2014); Mochizuki H., Yokota M., Hattori S., Wear, 262, (2007); Hou G., Zhao X., Zhou H., Lu J., An Y., Chen J., Yang J., Wear, 311, (2014); Jang B.T., Kim S.S., Yi S., Met. Mater. Int., 20, (2014); Yuping W., Pinghua L., Chenglin C., Zehua W., Ming C., Junhua H., Materials Letters, 61, (2007); Zheng Z.B., Zheng Y.G., Sun W.H., Wang J.Q., Corros. Sci., 76, (2013); Wang S.L., Li H.X., Zhanga X.F., Yi S., Mater. Chem. Phys., 113, (2009); Wang S.L., Li H.X., Hwang S.Y., Choi S.D., Yi S., Met. Mater. Int., 18, (2012); Pang S.J., Zhang T., Asami K., Inoue A., Corros. Sci., 44, (2002); Jung S.M., Do J.H., Lee D.-G., Lee B.-J., Cha G.-U., Lee S.H., Met. Mater. Int., 20, (2014)		Korean Institute of Metals and Materials	15989623			Met. Mater. Int.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-84938199781
10		Szala M.; Walczak M.; Hejwowski T.	Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Walczak, Mariusz (26435581200); Hejwowski, Tadeusz (6603174500)	56545535000; 26435581200; 6603174500	Factors Influencing Cavitation Erosion of NiCrSiB Hardfacings Deposited by Oxy-Acetylene Powder Welding on Grey Cast Iron	2021	Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal	15	4		376	386	10	16	10.12913/22998624/143304	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121686973&doi=10.12913%2f22998624%2f143304&partnerID=40&md5=51fbbfee2e321cb5eb58c3d4dbf88ddd	The study presents the results of cavitation erosion (CE) resistance of two NiCrSiB self-fluxing powders deposited by oxy-acetylene powder welding on cast iron substrate grade EN-GJL-200. The mean hardness of deposits A-NiCrSiB, C-NiCrSiB is equal to 908 HV, 399 HV and exceeds those of EN-GJL-200 and X5CrNi18-10 reference specimens 197 HV and 209 HV, respectively. To study CE, the vibratory apparatus has been used and tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32 standard. Cavitation eroded surfaces were examined using a profilom-eter, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The research indicated that the CE resistance, expressed by the cumulative mass loss decreased in the following order C-NiCrSiB > A-NiCrSiB > X5CrNi18-10 > EN-GJL-200. Therefore, hardfacings were characterised by lower cumulative mass loss, in turn, higher CE resistance than the reference sample and therefore they may be applied as layers to increase resistance to cavitation of cast iron machine components. Results indicate that in the case of multiphase materials, hardness cannot be the main indicator for CE damage prediction while it strongly depends on the initial material microstructure. To qualitatively estimate the cavitation erosion damage (CEd ) of NiCrSiB self-fluxing alloys at a specific test time, the following factors should be considered: material microstructure, physical and mechanical properties as well as surface morphology and material loss both estimated at specific exposure time. A general formula for the CEd prediction of NiCrSiB deposits was proposed. © 2021, Politechnika Lubelska. All rights reserved.	Cast iron; Cavitation erosion; Hardfacing; Hardness; NiCrSiB; Powder welding; Stainless steel; Surface engineering; Surface roughness		Cruz J.R., Henke S.L., d'Oliveira A.S.C.M., Effect of Cold Work on Cavitation Resistance of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Coating, Materials Research, 19, pp. 1033-1041, (2016); Nedeloni M.D., Birtarescu E., Nedeloni L., Ene T., Bara A., Clavac B., Cavitation Erosion and Dry Sliding Wear Research on X5CrNi18-10 Austen-itic Stainless Steel, IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng, 416, (2018); Szala M., Hejwowski T., Lenart I., Cavitation erosion resistance of Ni-Co based coatings, Adv Sci Technol Res J, 8, pp. 36-42, (2014); Szala M., Latka L., Awtoniuk M., Winnicki M., Michalak M., Neural Modelling of APS Thermal Spray Process Parameters for Optimizing the Hard-ness, Porosity and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 Coatings, Processes, 8, (2020); Singh J., Kumar S., Mohapatra S.K., An erosion and corrosion study on thermally sprayed WC-Co-Cr powder synergized with Mo2C/Y2O3/ZrO2 feed-stock powders, Wear, pp. 438-439, (2019); 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Hibi M., Inaba K., Takahashi K., Kishimoto K., Hayabusa K., Effect of Tensile Stress on Cavitation Erosion and Damage of Polymer, J Phys: Conf Ser, 656, (2015); Zhou Y., Zhang J., Xing Z., Wang H., Lv Z., Mi-crostructure and properties of NiCrBSi coating by plasma cladding on gray cast iron, Surface and Coatings Technology, 361, pp. 270-279, (2019); Mendez P.F., Barnes N., Bell K., Borle S.D., Ga-japathi S.S., Guest S.D., Et al., Welding processes for wear resistant overlays, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 16, pp. 4-25, (2014); Jimenez H., Olaya J.J., Alfonso J.E., Tribological Behavior of Ni-Based WC-Co Coatings Deposited via Spray and Fuse Technique Varying the Oxygen Flow, Advances in Tribology, 2021, (2021); Olejnik E., Szymanski L., Batog P., Tokarski T., Kur-tyka P., TiC-FeCr local composite reinforcements obtained in situ in steel casting, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 275, (2020); Mikus R., Kovac I., Zarnovsky J., Effect of Micro-structure on Properties of NiCrBSi Alloys Applied by Flame-Powder Deposition, Advanced Materials Research, 1059, pp. 1-9, (2014); 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Sci. Technol. Res. J.	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85121686973
11		Girelli L.; Tocci M.; Montesano L.; Gelfi M.; Pola A.	Girelli, Luca (57195957406); Tocci, Marialaura (55797597700); Montesano, Lorenzo (36806747600); Gelfi, Marcello (6506974403); Pola, Annalisa (8616888900)	57195957406; 55797597700; 36806747600; 6506974403; 8616888900	Investigation of cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi10Mg alloy for additive manufacturing	2018	Wear	402-403			124	136	12	34	10.1016/j.wear.2018.02.018	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042189567&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2018.02.018&partnerID=40&md5=9251af49e0a2c1da87317e46e212d081	This study investigates the cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi10Mg additive manufactured samples according to the ASTM G32 standard, in comparison with the cast ones. Samples were tested in different conditions in order to analyse the effect of T6 heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing, while cast samples were studied in as-cast and heat-treated conditions. It was found that additive manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy shows outstanding cavitation erosion resistance, in comparison to the cast alloy, mainly due to the ultra-fine microstructure. This superior performance of as-produced AlSi10Mg additive manufactured samples was demonstrated by the extremely limited mass loss and erosion rate measured during the tests, coupled with a remarkably long incubation stage. On the other hand, the heat treatment proves detrimental to the cavitation resistance of additive manufactured material due to the microstructure modification and pores enlargement. Hot isostatic pressing only partially improves the alloy performance. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.	Cavitation erosion; Electron microscopy; Erosion testing; Non-ferrous metals; Optical microscopy	ASTM standards; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Electron microscopy; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Hot isostatic pressing; Microstructure; Optical microscopy; Sintering; Stainless steel; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation resistance; Erosion rates; Erosion testing; Heat treated condition; Microstructure modifications; T6 heat treatment; Ultra-fine microstructures; 3D printers	Herzog D., Seyda V., Wycisk e E., Emmelmann C., Additive manufacturing of metals, Acta Mater., 117, pp. 371-392, (2016); Singh S., Ramakrishna e S., Singh R., Material issues in additive manufacturing: a review, J. Manuf. Process., 25, pp. 185-200, (2017); Frazler W.E., Metal additive manufacturing: a review, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 23, pp. 1917-1928, (2014); Ahn D.-G., Direct metal additive manufacturing processes and their sustainable applications for green technology: a review, Int. J. Precis. 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B/Fluids, 61, pp. 263-270, (2017); Wiesche S., Numerical simulation of cavitation effects behind obstacles and in an automotive fuel jet pump, Heat. Mass Transf., 41, pp. 615-624, (2005); Reid B., Gavaises M., Mitroglou N., Hargrave G., Garner e C., McDavid R., String cavitation formation Inside fuel Injectors, Journal, (2015); Sreedhar B., Albert e S., Pandit A., Cavitation damage: theory and measurements – a review, Wear, vol%1 di %2372–373, pp. 177-196, (2017); Knapp e R., Hollander A.; Knapp R., (1955); Vyas e B., Preece C., Cavitation erosion of face centered cubic metals, Metall. Trans. A, 8A, pp. 915-923, (1977); Mochizuki H., Yokota e M., Hattori S., Effects of materials and solution temperatures on cavitation erosion of pure titanium and titanium alloy in sea water», Wear, 244, pp. 522-528, (2007); Wade e E., Preece C., Cavitation erosion of iron and steel, Metall. Trans. 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Res., vol%1 di %2189–193, pp. 3862-3865, (2011); Zhu Y., Zou J., Zhao W., Chen e X., Yang H., A study on surface topography in cavitation erosion tests of AlSi10Mg, Tribology Int., 102, pp. 419-428, (2016); Zou J., Zhu Y., Pan M., Xie T., Chen e X., Yang H., A study on cavitation erosion behavior of AlSi10Mg fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM), Wear, vol%1 di %2376–377, pp. 496-506, (2017); Tradowsky U., White J., Ward R., Read N., Reimers e W., Attallah M., Selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg: influence of post-processing on the microstructural and tensile properties development, Mater. Des., 105, pp. 212-222, (2016); Kim K.-H., Chahine G., Franc e J.-P., Karimi A., Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, pp. 21-35, (2014); Udo e B., Shellabear M., The EOS rapid prototyping concept, Comput. Ind., 28, pp. 57-61, (1995); Girelli L., Tocci M., Montesano L., Gelfi e M., Pola A., 264, (2017); Karimi e A., Martin J., Cavitation erosion of materials, Int. Met. Rev., 31, n. 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Louvis E., Fox e P., Sutcliffe C.J., Selective laser melting of aluminium components, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 211, pp. 275-284, (2011); Aboulkhair N.T., Everitt N.M., Ashcroft e I., Tuck C., Reducing porosity in AlSi10Mg parts processed by selective laser melting, Addit. Manuf., 1-4, pp. 77-86, (2014); Maskery I., Aboulkhair N., Corfield M., Tuck C., Clare A., Leach R., Wildman R., Ashcroft e I., Hague R., Quantification and characterisation of porosity in selectively laser melted Al–Si10–Mg using X-ray computed tomography, Mater. Charact., 111, pp. 193-204, (2016); Ng G., Jarfors A., Bi e G., Zheng H., Porosity formation and gas bubble retention in laser metal deposition, Appl. Phys. A, 97, pp. 641-649, (2009); Qiu C., Panwisawas C., Ward M., Basoalto H.C., Brooks e J.W., Attallah M.M., On the role of melt flow into the surface structure and porosity development during selective laser melting, Acta Mater., 96, pp. 72-79, (2015); Jagle E.A., Sheng Z., Wu L., Lin L., Risse J., Weisheit e A., Raabe D., Precipitation reactions in age-hardenable alloys during laser additive manufacturing, JOM, 68, 3, (2016); Seifeddine S., Poletaeva D., Ghorbani e M., Jarfors A., Heat treating of high pressure die cast components: challenges and possibilities, TMS Light Met., pp. 183-188, (2014); Takata N., Kodaira H., Sekizawa K., Suzuki e A., Kobashi M., Change in microstructure of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy with heat treatments, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 704, pp. 218-228, (2017); Moustafa M., Samuel e F., Doty H., Effect of solution heat treatment and additives on the microstructure of Al–Si (A413.1) automotive alloys, J. Mater. Sci., 38, pp. 4507-4522, (2003); Hovis S., Talia e J., Scattergood R., Erosion mechanisms in aluminum and Al-Si alloys, Wear, 107, 2, pp. 175-181, (1986); Abouel-Kasem A., Emara e K., Ahmed S., Characterizing cavitation erosion particles by analysis of SEM images, Tribology Int., 42, pp. 130-136, (2009); Aboulkhair N.T., Tuck C., Ashcroft I., Maskery e I., Everitt N.M., On the precipitation hardening of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 46A, pp. 3337-3341, (2015); Aboulkhair N.T., Maskery I., Tuck C., Ashcroft e I., Everitt N.M., The microstructure and mechanical properties of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg: the effect of a conventional T6-like heat treatment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 667, pp. 139-146, (2016)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85042189567
12		Szala M.; Chocyk D.; Turek M.	Szala, M. (56545535000); Chocyk, D. (6603385686); Turek, M. (8328158400)	56545535000; 6603385686; 8328158400	Effect of Manganese Ion Implantation on Cavitation Erosion Resistance of HIPed Stellite 6	2022	Acta Physica Polonica A	142	6		741	746	5	0	10.12693/APhysPolA.142.741	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149151331&doi=10.12693%2fAPhysPolA.142.741&partnerID=40&md5=ae2c443aacc79284b87adfcdcce28be5	The paper studies the influence of manganese ion implantation on the cavitation erosion behaviour of the HIPed Stellite 6. The implantation process was conducted using implantation energy 175 keV, and the fluences of implanted ions were set at 5 ×1016 Mn+/cm2 and 1 ×1017 Mn+/cm2. The microstructure of the samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The cavitation erosion tests were carried out according to the ASTM G32 standard with the stationary specimens configuration. The cavitation erosion-damaged surfaces of unimplanted and implanted samples were qualitatively investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the phase development due to the ion implantation and cavitation erosion was analysed using the X-ray diffraction technique. The HIPed Stellite 6 microstructure is based on the cobalt-containing matrix consisting of γ (face-centred cubic) and ε (hexagonal close-packed) crystal structures and Cr7C3 chromium carbides. Generally, the applied implantation parameters have a minimal effect on the microstructure and erosion resistance. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows a negligible effect of implantation on the microstructure. The implantation using 1 × 1017 Mn+/cm2 seems the most promising for prolonging the cavitation erosion incubation stage as well as for minimalizing the material loss (30.4 mg) and erosion rate (1.8 mg/h); the unimplanted Stellite 6 shows these indicators at the comparable level of 34.5 mg and 2.0 mg/h, respectively. The study confirmed that cavitation loads induce the face-centred cubic to hexagonal close-packed phase transformation in the cobalt-based matrix. The cavitation erosion mechanism relies on the material loss initiated at the carbides/matrix interfaces. Deterioration starts with the cobalt matrix plastic deformation, weakening the restraint of Cr7C3 carbides in the metallic matrix. First, the deformed cobalt matrix and then hard carbides are removed at the interfaces. Further, the cobalt-based matrix undergoes cracking, accelerating material removal, pits formation, and craters growth. © 2022 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.	cobalt alloy; ion implantation; manganese; topics: cavitation erosion	Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chromium alloys; Chromium compounds; Cobalt alloys; Deterioration; Erosion; Ion implantation; Manganese; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy; X ray powder diffraction; Cobalt-based; Face-centred cubic; Hexagonal close packed; Hexagonal close-packed; Ions implantation; Manganese ions; Material loss; matrix; Stellite 6; Topic: cavitation erosion; Carbides	Kaminski M., Budzynski P., Szala M., Turek M., IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng, 421, (2018); Musiatowicz M., Turek M., Drozdziel A., Pyszniak K., Grudzinski W., Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 16, (2022); Morozow D., Siemiatkowski Z., Gevorkyan E., Rucki M., Matijosius J., Kilikevicius A., Caban J., Krzysiak Z., Materials, 13, (2020); Budzynski P., Filiks J., Zukowski P., Kiszczak K., Walczak M., Vacuum, 78, (2005); Morozow D., Barlak M., Werner Z., Et al., Materials, 14, (2021); Budzynski P., Kaminski M., Turek M., Wiertel M., Wear, pp. 456-457, (2020); Kunuku S., Chen C.-H., Hsieh P.-Y., Lin B.-R., Tai N.-H., Niu H., Appl. Phys. Lett, 114, (2019); Majid A., Ahmad N., Rizwan M., Khan S.U.-D., Ali F.A.A., Zhu J., J. Electron. Mater, 47, (2018); Budzynski P., Kaminski M., Surowiec Z., Wiertel M., Skuratov V.A., Korneeva E.A., Tribol. Int, 156, (2021); Verma S., Dubey P., Selokar A.W., Dwivedi D.K., Chandra R., Trans. Indian Inst. Met, 70, (2017); Wang F., Zhou C., Zheng L., Zhang H., Appl. Surf. Sci, 392, (2017); Sharkeev Yu.P., Kozlov E.V., Surf. Coat. Technol, pp. 158-159, (2002); Szala M., Chocyk D., Skic A., Kaminski M., Macek W., Turek M., Materials, 14, (2021); Qin Z., Li X., Xia D., Zhang Y., Feng C., Wu Z., Hu W., Ultrason. Sonoch, 89, (2022); Wang L., Qiu N., Hellmann D.-H., Zhu X., J. Mech. Sci. Technol, 30, (2016); Tang C.H., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 373, (2004); Szala M., Walczak M., Hejwowski T., Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, (2021); Fedorov A.V., Rymkevich A.I., Bazhenov V.V., Zubchenko A.S., Davydova N.V., Weld. Int, 29, (2015); Zhang Q., Wu L., Zou H., Li B., Zhang G., Sun J., Wang J., Yao J., J. Alloys Compd, 860, (2021); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Utu I.D., Karancsi O., Mater. Plast, 53, (2016); Jonda E., Szala M., Sroka M., Latka L., Walczak M., Appl. Surf. Sci, 608, (2023); Wei Z., Wu Y., Hong S., Cheng J., Qiao L., Cheng J., Zhu S., Ceram. Int, 47, (2021); Latka L., Michalak M., Szala M., Walczak M., Sokolowski P., Ambroziak A., Surf. Coat. Technol, 410, (2021); Szala M., Walczak M., Latka L., Gancarczyk K., Ozkan D., Adv. Mater. Sci, 20, (2020); Krella A.K., Wear, pp. 478-479, (2021); Roa C.V., Valdes J.A., Larrahondo F., Rodriguez S.A., Coronado J.J., J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 30, (2021); Karimi A., Acta Metall, 37, (1989); Turek M., Drozdziel A., Pyszniak K., Prucnal S., Maczka D., Yushkevich Yu.V., Vaganov Yu.A., Instrum. Exp. Tech, 55, (2012); Ziegler J.F., SRIM software package; Szala M., Dudek A., Maruszczyk A., Walczak M., Chmiel J., Kowal M., Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, (2019); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Ratia V.L., Zhang D., Carrington M.J., Daure J.L., McCartney D.G., Ship-way P.H., Stewart D.A., Wear, 1222, pp. 426-427, (2019); Malayoglu U., Neville A., Wear, 255, (2003); Houdkova S., Pala Z., Smazalova E., Vostrak M., Cesanek Z., Surf. Coat. Technol, 318, (2017); Nowakowska M., Latka L., Sokolowski P., Szala M., Toma F.-L., Walczak M., Wear, pp. 508-509, (2022); Szymanski L., Olejnik E., Sobczak J.J., Szala M., Kurtyka P., Tokarski T., Janas A., J. Mater. Process. Technol, 308, (2022)		Polska Akademia Nauk	5874246		ATPLB	Acta Phys Pol A	Article	Final	All Open Access; Bronze Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85149151331
13		Hibi M.; Inaba K.; Takahashi K.; Kishimoto K.; Hayabusa K.	Hibi, M. (57092540700); Inaba, K. (16645900000); Takahashi, K. (57191158538); Kishimoto, K. (7102810577); Hayabusa, K. (6506920694)	57092540700; 16645900000; 57191158538; 7102810577; 6506920694	Effect of Tensile Stress on Cavitation Erosion and Damage of Polymer	2015	Journal of Physics: Conference Series	656	1	12049				3	10.1088/1742-6596/656/1/012049	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956854896&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f656%2f1%2f012049&partnerID=40&md5=67d6d8cf56f75077ea3051efc285f8bd	Cavitation erosion tests for epoxy, unsaturated polyester, polycarbonate, and acrylic resin were conducted under various tensile stress conditions (Tensile-Cavitation test). A new testing device was designed to conduct the Tensile-Cavitation test and observe specimen surface during the experiment based on ASTM G32. When tensile stress of 1.31 MPa was loaded on epoxy resin, cracks occurred on the specimen after 0.5 hours during cavitation erosion. When no tensile stress was loaded on the epoxy resin, the damage was general cavitation erosion only. As well as the epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin applied tensile stress of 1.31 MPa and polycarbonate resin of 6.54 MPa indicated erosion damages and cracks. When tensile stress of 6.54 MPa was loaded on acrylic resin, the erosion damage was almost the same as the results without tensile stress. We confirmed that anti-cavitation property of epoxy resin was higher than those of acrylic and polycarbonate without tensile stress while the damage of epoxy resin was much serious than that of acrylic resins under tensile stress loadings.		Cavitation; Cracks; Epoxy resins; Erosion; Polycarbonates; Tensile stress; Tensile testing; Unsaturated polymers; Cavitation properties; Polycarbonate resins; Specimen surfaces; Stress condition; Stress loading; Testing device; Unsaturated polyester; Unsaturated polyester resin; Polyester resins	Hattori S., Itoh T., Mori H., Cavitation erosion resistance of high polymer materials, Transactions of the JSME A, 71, 705, (2005); Soyama H., Kumano H., Saka M., A new parameter to predict cavitation erosion, CAV2001 A3, (2001); Richman R., McNaughton W., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, 1, pp. 63-82, (1990); Takahashi K., Arai D., Inaba K., Kishimoto K., Nakamoto H., Hayabusa K., Evaluation of anti-cavitation property of coating materials for structural repair, Turbo Kikai, 42, (2014); ASTM designation, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2005)	Farhat M.; Muller A.	Institute of Physics Publishing	17426588			J. Phys. Conf. Ser.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-84956854896
14	Bordeasu	Mitelea I.; Mutașcu D.; Uțu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.; Bordeașu I.	Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Mutașcu, Daniel (57215884439); Uțu, Ion-Dragoș (57987603600); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254); Bordeașu, Ilare (13409573100)	16309955100; 57215884439; 57987603600; 6603971254; 13409573100	Cavitation Erosion of the Austenitic Manganese Layers Deposited by Pulsed Current Electric Arc Welding on Duplex Stainless Steel Substrates	2024	Crystals	14	4	315				0	10.3390/cryst14040315	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85191491491&doi=10.3390%2fcryst14040315&partnerID=40&md5=a84fbb53e357dab07fe8f614d0442eb1	Fe-Mn-Cr-Ni alloys like Citomangan, delivered in the form of powders, tubular wires, and coated electrodes, are intended for welding deposition operations to create wear-resistant layers. Their main characteristic is their high capacity for surface mechanical work-hardening under high shock loads, along with high toughness and wear resistance. In order to increase the resistance to cavitation erosion, hardfacing of Duplex stainless steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 with Citomangan alloy was performed using a new welding technique, namely one that uses a universal TIG source adapted for manual welding with a coated electrode in pulsed current. Cavitation tests were conducted in accordance with the requirements of ASTM G32—2016 standard. Comparing the characteristic cavitation erosion parameters of the manganese austenitic layer, deposited by this new welding technique, with those of the reference steel, highlights an 8–11 times increase in its resistance to cavitation erosion. Metallographic investigations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as hardness measurements, were carried out to understand the cavitation phenomena. © 2024 by the authors.	cavitation erosion; duplex stainless steel; hardfacing by welding; manganese austenitic alloy		Whitesides R.W., Interesting Facts (and Myths) about Cavitation, 225, (2012); Zhao J., Ning L., Zhu J., Li Y., Investigation on Ultrasonic Cavitation Erosion of Aluminum–Titanium Alloys in Sodium Chloride Solution, Crystals, 11, (2021); Carlton J., Marine Propellers and Propulsion, pp. 209-250, (2012); Ghose J.P., Gokarn R.P., Basic Ship Propulsion, pp. 166-173, (2004); Fitch E.C., Machinery Lubrication. Chapter Cavitation Wear in Hydraulic Systems, (2011); Escaler X., Egusquiza E., Farhat M., Avellan F., Coussirat M., Detection of cavitation in hydraulic turbines, Mech. Syst. Signal Process, 20, pp. 983-1007, (2006); He Z., Qin Z., Gao Z., Wu Z., Hu W., Synergistic effect between cavitation erosion and corrosion of Monel K500 alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, Mater. Charact, 205, (2023); Zhao T., Wang L., Zhang S., Zhang C.H., Sun X.Y., Chen H.T., Bai X.L., Wu C.L., Effect of synergistic cavitation erosion-corrosion on cavitation damage of CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy layer by laser cladding, Surf. Coat. Technol, 472, (2023); Wang L., Mao J., Xue C., Ge H., Dong G., Zhang Q., Yao J., Cavitation-Erosion behavior of laser cladded Low-Carbon Cobalt-Based alloys on 17-4PH stainless steel, Opt. Laser Technol, 158, (2023); Zhao T., Zhang S., Wang Z.Y., Zhang C.H., Zhang D.X., Wang N.W., Wu C.L., Cavitation erosion/corrosion synergy and wear behaviors of nickel-based alloy coatings on 304 stainless steel prepared by cold metal transfer, Wear, 510, (2022); Wang Y., Hao E., Zhao X., Xue Y., An Y., Zhou H., Effect of microstructure evolution of Ti6Al4V alloy on its cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance in artificial seawater, J. Mater. Sci. Technol, 100, pp. 169-181, (2022); Chen F., Du J., Zhou S., Cavitation erosion behaviour of incoloy alloy 865 in NaCl solution using ultrasonic vibration, J. Alloys Compd, 831, (2022); Karimi A., Karimipour A., Akbari M., Razzaghi M.M., Ghahderijani M.J., Investigating the mechanical properties and fusion zone microstructure of dissimilar laser weld joint of duplex 2205 stainless steel and A516 carbon steel, Opt. Laser Technol, 158, (2023); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation erosion of duplex and super duplex stainless steels, Scr. Mater, 39, pp. 1229-1236, (1998); Karimi A., Cavitation erosion of a duplex stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Eng, 86, pp. 191-203, (1987); Al-Hashem A., Riad W., The effect of duplex stainless steel microstructure on its cavitation morphology in seawater, Mater. Charact, 47, pp. 389-395, (2001); Wu Y., Lian Y., Li Y., Feng M., Cavitation Erosion Behavior of 2205 and 2507 Duplex Stainless Steels in Distilled Water and Artificial Seawater, Tribol. Online, 18, pp. 482-493, (2023); Lakshmi Prasanna G., Tanya B., Subbiah R., Vinod Kumar V., Effect of nitriding on duplex stainless steel—A review, Mater. Today Proc, 26, pp. 950-955, (2020); Garzon C.M., Thomas H., Francisco dos Santos J., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of a high temperature gas nitrided duplex stainless steel in substitute ocean water, Wear, 259, pp. 145-153, (2005); Escobar J.D., Velasquez E., Santos T.F.A., Ramirez A.J., Lopez D., Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of a duplex stainless steel through friction stir processing (FSP), Wear, 297, pp. 998-1005, (2013); Kwok C.T., Lo K.H., Chan W.K., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Effect of laser surface melting on intergranular corrosion behaviour of aged austenitic and duplex stainless steels, Corros. Sci, 53, pp. 1581-1591, (2011); (2016); Bordeasu I., Monografia Laboratorului de Cercetare a Eroziunii prin Cavitatie al Universitatii Politehnica Timisoara, 1960–2020, (2020); Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M., Balasoiu V., New contributions in cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Trans, 34, pp. 39-44, (2006)		Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)	20734352			Crystals	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85191491491
15	Bordeasu	Lazar I.; Bordeasu I.; Popoviciu M.O.; Mitelea I.; Bena T.; Micu L.M.	Lazar, I. (57200633522); Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Popoviciu, M.O. (23005846700); Mitelea, I. (16309955100); Bena, T. (57193098582); Micu, L.M. (34880633700)	57200633522; 13409573100; 23005846700; 16309955100; 57193098582; 34880633700	Considerations regarding the erosion mechanism of vibratory cavitation	2018	IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering	393	1	12040				5	10.1088/1757-899X/393/1/012040	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051866696&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f393%2f1%2f012040&partnerID=40&md5=97f9cbe78e00e7b0f71e6d37791ba1f0	The cavitation erosion researches conducted on vibratory devices presents a way of degradation very similar with those encountered in industrial equipment. Photos of the cavitation cloud as well as the eroded surfaces, at various exposure periods, are the basis of the present work in the description of this destruction mechanism. For the experiments, there were used two materials: gray cast iron with lamellar graphite and a high resistance bronze. The used device is that of the Timisoara Polytechnic University Cavitation Laboratory which respects integrally the prescriptions of ASTM G32-2010 Standards. For the description of the results there are used both the roughness profiles and the structure images of the eroded areas, after four different exposure times (5, 60, 120 and 165 minutes). The cavitation erosion behavior is expressed both by the mean depth erosion (MDE) and the parameters of roughness values of the affected areas. The conclusion show that the specific degradation is determined by the cavitation hydrodynamics, as well as by the repeated implosion of individual bubbles which forms the cavitation cloud attached to the exposed surface. © 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.		Cast iron; Erosion; Product design; Cavitation clouds; Erosion mechanisms; Exposed surfaces; Exposure period; High resistance; Industrial equipment; Structure image; Vibratory devices; Cavitation	Anton I., Cavitatia Vol. I, (1985); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalǎ a Materialelor, (2006); Franc J.P., Kueny J.L., Karimi A., Fruman D.H., Frechou D., Briancon-Marjollet L., Billard J.Y., Belahadji B., Avellan F., Michel J.M., La Cavitation. Mécanismes Physiques et Aspects Industriels, (1995); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and Mechanical Aspects of the Cavitation Phenomena, Revista de Chimie (Bucuresti), 58, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, Journal of Tribology-Transactions of the ASME, 138, 3, (2016); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Hadar A., The Effect of Nickel from Stainless Steels with 13% Chromium and 0.10% Carbon on the Resistance of Erosion by Cavitation, Revista de Chimie Bucuresti), 56, pp. 1169-1174, (2006); Padurean I., Ionel I., Influence of Structural State on Cavitational Erosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Solution Treatment and Nitriding, Metalurgia International, 15, pp. 55-59, (2010); Padurean I., Researches Upon Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Used for Moulding Kaplan and Francis Hydraulic Turbines Runner Blades (Var. 2), Metalurgia International, 14, pp. 27-30, (2009); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., A New Model for the Equation Describing the Cavitation Mean Depth Erosion Rate Curve, Revista de Chimie (Bucuresti), 68, pp. 894-898, (2017); Oanca O.V., Tehnici de Optimizare a Rezistenţei la Eroziunea Prin Cavitaţie a Unor Aliaje CuAlNiFeMn Destinate Execuţiei Elicelor Navale, (2014); Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Mitelea I., Utu I.D., Pirvulescu L.D., Sirbu N.A., Cavitation Erosion of HVOF Metal-ceramic Composite Coatings Deposited onto Duplex Stainless Steel Substrate, Materiale Plastice, 53, pp. 781-786, (2016)	Rackov M.; Mitrovic R.	Institute of Physics Publishing	17578981			IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Bronze Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85051866696
16		Pavlovic M.; Dojcinovic M.; Prokic-Cvetkovic R.; Andric L.; Ceganjac Z.; Trumbulovic L.	Pavlovic, Marko (57198243334); Dojcinovic, Marina (15076621000); Prokic-Cvetkovic, Radica (13608962500); Andric, Ljubisa (57223408624); Ceganjac, Zoran (57208749868); Trumbulovic, Ljiljana (6506539877)	57198243334; 15076621000; 13608962500; 57223408624; 57208749868; 6506539877	Cavitation wear of basalt-based glass ceramic	2019	Materials	12	9	1552				9	10.3390/ma12091552	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065735613&doi=10.3390%2fma12091552&partnerID=40&md5=8c3fb069fa98b45edfb2f92707edbc0a	This paper examines the possibility of using basalt-based glass ceramics for construction of structural parts of equipment in metallurgy and mining. An ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample pursuant to the ASTM G32 standard was used to evaluate the possibility of the glass ceramic samples application in such operating conditions. As the starting material for synthesis of samples, olivine-pyroxene basalt from the locality Vrelo-Kopaonik Mountain (Serbia) was used. In order to obtain pre-determined structure and properties of basalt-based glass ceramics, raw material preparation methods through the sample crushing, grinding, and mechanical activation processes have been examined together with sample synthesis by means of melting, casting, and thermal treatment applied for the samples concerned. The mass loss of samples in function of the cavitation time was monitored. Sample surface degradation level was quantified using the image analysis. During the test, changes in sample morphology were monitored by means of the scanning electronic microscopy method. The results showed that basalt-based glass ceramics are highly resistant to cavitation wear and can be used in similar exploitation conditions as a substitute for other metal materials. © 2019 by the authors.	Basalt-based glass ceramics; Cavitation wear; Image analysis; Mass loss	Basalt; Cavitation; Construction equipment; Image analysis; Morphology; Silicate minerals; Structural ceramics; Ultrasonic effects; Wear of materials; Cavitation wear; Mass loss; Material preparation; Mechanical activation; Operating condition; Scanning electronic microscopy; Structure and properties; Ultrasonic vibration; Glass ceramics	Cocic M., Logar M., Matovic B., Poharac-Logar V., Glass-Ceramics Obtained by the Cristallyzation of Basalt, Sci. Sinter, 42, pp. 383-388, (2010); Barth T.F.W., Theoretical Petrology, 3rd ed, pp. 120-150, (1952); Matovic B., Boskovic S., Logar M., Preparation of basalt-based glass ceramics, J. Serb. Chem. Soc, 68, pp. 505-510, (2003); Cikara D., Todic A., Cikara-Anic D., Posibilitiesod Production of Wear Resistant Construction Elements by Processing of Serbian Basalt, FME Trans, 38, pp. 203-207, (2010); Kostic-Gvozdenovic L., Ninkovic R., Inorganic Chemical Technology, (1997); Pavlovic M., Grujic S., Terzic A., Andric L., Synthesis of the Glass-Ceramics Based on Basalt. 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Des, 27, pp. 1092-1096, (2006); Ercenk E., Ugur S., Yilmaz S., Structural characterization of plasma sprayed basalt-SiC glass-ceramic coatings, Ceram. Int, 37, pp. 883-889, (2011); Karamanov A., Ergul S., Afyildiz M., Pelino M., Sinter-crystallization of a glass obtained from basaltic tuffs, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 354, pp. 290-295, (2008); Fiore V., Di Bella G., Valenza A., Glass-basalt/epoxy hybrid composites for marine applications, Mater. Des, 32, pp. 2091-2099, (2011); Dehkordi M.T., Nosraty H., Shokrieh M.M., Minak G., Ghelli D., Low velocity impact properties of intra-ply hybrid composites based on basalt and nylon woven fabrics, Mater. Des, 31, pp. 3835-3844, (2010); Todic A., Nedeljkovic B., Cikara D., Ristovic I., Particulate basalt-polymer composites characteristics investigation, Mater. 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Mater, 60, pp. 671-675, (2015); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Andric L., Stojanovic J., Radulovic D., Petrov M., Blagojev M., Influence of the basalt structure and properties on development the cavitation damage, Proceedings of the 50th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy (IOC 2018), pp. 155-158, (2018); Dojcinovic M., Comparative cavitation erosion test on steels produced by ESR and AOD refining, Mater. Sci. Poland, 29, pp. 216-222, (2011); Garcia-Atance Fatjo G., Hadfield M., Tabeshfar K., Early stage cavitation erosion within ceramics-An experimental investigation, Ceram. Int, 37, (2011); G32-92. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 302, (1992); Media Cybernetics: Rockville, (1993)		MDPI AG	19961944			Mater.	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85065735613
17		Szala M.; Walczak M.; Pasierbiewicz K.; Kamiński M.	Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Walczak, Mariusz (26435581200); Pasierbiewicz, Kamil (57194023982); Kamiński, Mariusz (56896761700)	56545535000; 26435581200; 57194023982; 56896761700	Cavitation erosion and slidingwear mechanisms of AlTiN and TiAlN films deposited on stainless steel substrate	2019	Coatings	9	5	340				54	10.3390/COATINGS9050340	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069790576&doi=10.3390%2fCOATINGS9050340&partnerID=40&md5=47b6c57ae5a1b428ebc2d6c69b95701c	The resistance to cavitation erosion and sliding wear of stainless steel grade AISI 304 can be improved by using physical vapor deposited (PVD) coatings. The aim of this study was to investigate the cavitation erosion and sliding wear mechanisms of magnetron-sputtered AlTiN and TiAlN films deposited with different contents of chemical elements onto a stainless steel SS304 substrate. The surface morphology and structure of samples were examined by optical profilometry, light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). Mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus) were tested using a nanoindentation tester. Adhesion of the deposited coatings was determined by the scratch test and Rockwell adhesion tests. Cavitation erosion tests were performed according to ASTM G32 (vibratory apparatus) in compliance with the stationary specimen procedure. Sliding wear tests were conducted with the use of a nano-tribo tester, i.e., ball-on-disc apparatus. Results demonstrate that the cavitation erosion mechanism of the TiAlN and AlTiN coatings rely on embrittlement, which can be attributed to fatigue processes causing film rupture and internal decohesion in flake spallation, and thus leading to coating detachment and substrate exposition. At moderate loads, the sliding wear of thin films takes the form of grooving, micro-scratching, micro-ploughing and smearing of the columnar grain top hills. Compared to the SS reference sample, the PVD films exhibit superior resistance to sliding wear and cavitation erosion. © 2019 by the authors.	AlTiN; Cavitation erosion; Magnetron sputtering; Mechanical properties; Sliding wear; Stainless steel; Thin film; TiAlN; Wear mechanism		Ha H.-Y., Jang J.H., Lee T.-H., Won C., Lee C.-H., Moon J., Lee C.-G., Investigation of the localized corrosion and passive behavior of type 304 stainless steels with 0.2-1.8 wt % B, Materials, 11, (2018); Lawrynowicz Z., Effect of the degree of cold work and sensitization time on intergranular corrosion behavior in austenitic stainless steel, Adv. Mater. Sci, 19, pp. 32-43, (2019); Espana P.C., Recco A.A.C., Olaya J.J., A microstructural and wear resistance study of stainless steel-ag coatings produced through magnetron sputtering, Coatings, 8, (2018); Ha H.-Y., Lee T.-H., Bae J.-H., Chun D.W., Molybdenum Effects on pitting corrosion resistance of fecrmnmonc austenitic stainless steels, Metals, 8, (2018); Szala M., Beer-Lech K., Walczak M., A study on the corrosion of stainless steel floor drains in an indoor swimming pool, Eng. Fail. Anal, 77, pp. 31-38, (2017); Wang P., Zhang Y., Yu D., Microstructure and mechanical properties of pressure-quenched ss304 stainless steel, Materials, 12, (2019); Krella A.K., The new parameter to assess cavitation erosion resistance of hard PVD coatings, Eng. Fail. Anal, 18, pp. 855-867, (2011); Subramanian B., Umamaheswari G., Jayachandran M., Properties and corrosion behaviour of reactive magnetron sputtered TiAlN coatings on AISI 316L SS in simulated bodily fluid, Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol, 42, pp. 349-355, (2007); Chen L., Paulitsch J., Du Y., Mayrhofer P.H., Thermal stability and oxidation resistance of Ti-Al-N coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 206, pp. 2954-2960, (2012); Ozkan D., Friction behavior of TiAlN, AlTiN and AlCrN multilayer coatings at nanoscale, Erzincan üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Enstitüsü Derg, 11, pp. 451-458, (2018); Hans M., Patterer L., Music D., Holzapfel D.M., Evertz S., Schnabel V., Stelzer B., Primetzhofer D., Volker B., Widrig B., Et al., Stress-dependent elasticity of tialn coatings, Coatings, 9, (2019); Kulkarni A.P., Sargade V.G., Characterization and performance of AlTiN, AlTiCrN, TiN/TiAlN PVD coated carbide tools while turning ss 304, Mater. Manuf. Process, 30, pp. 748-755, (2015); Kohlscheen J., Bareiss C., Effect of hexagonal phase content on wear behaviour of AlTiN Arc PVD coatings, Coatings, 8, (2018); Fan Q.-X., Wang T.-G., Liu Y.-M., Wu Z.-H., Zhang T., Li T., Yang Z.-B., Microstructure and corrosion resistance of the AlTiN coating deposited by arc ion plating, Acta Metall. Sin. Engl. Lett, 29, pp. 1119-1126, (2016); Shen W.-J., Tsai M.-H., Yeh J.-W., Machining performance of sputter-deposited (Al0.34Cr0.22Nb0.11Si0.11Ti0.22)50N50 high-entropy nitride coatings, Coatings, 5, pp. 312-325, (2015); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Cavitation erosion resistance of nanocrystalline TiNcoating deposited on stainless steel, Wear, 265, pp. 963-970, (2008); Itoh T., Hattori S., Lee K.-Y., Cavitation erosion of 6061 aluminum alloy coated with TiAlN thin film, J. Solid Mech. Mater. Eng, 4, pp. 1444-1454, (2010); Lepicka M., Gradzka-Dahlke M., Pieniak D., Pasierbiewicz K., Krynska K., Niewczas A., Tribological performance of titanium nitride coatings: A comparative study on TiN-coated stainless steel and titanium alloy, Wear, 422-423, pp. 68-80, (2019); Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M., An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments, J. Mater. Res, 7, pp. 1564-1583, (1992); Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M., Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology, J. Mater. Res, 19, pp. 3-20, (2004); Berg G., Friedrich C., Broszeit E., Berger C., Development of chromium nitride coatings substituting titanium nitride, Surf. Coat. 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Technol, 143-144, pp. 481-485, (2003); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Szala M., Hejwowski T., Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanism model of flame-sprayed Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl cermet coatings, Coatings, 8, (2018); Szala M., Application of computer image analysis software for determining incubation period of cavitation erosion-Preliminary results, EDP Sci, 15, (2017); Budzynski P., Kaminski M., Wiertel M., Pyszniak K., Drozdziel A., Mechanical properties of the stellite 6 cobalt alloy implanted with nitrogen ions, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 132, pp. 203-205, (2017); Kaminski M., Budzynski P., Szala M., Turek M., Tribological properties of the Stellite 6 cobalt alloy implanted with manganese ions, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng, 421, (2018); Walczak M., Pieniak D., Niewczas A.M., Effect of recasting on the useful properties CoCrMoW alloy, Eksploat. Niezawodn. Maint. Reliab, 16, pp. 330-336, (2014); Kalss W., Reiter A., Derflinger V., Gey C., Endrino J.L., Modern coatings in high performance cutting applications, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater, 24, pp. 399-404, (2006); Krella A., The influence of TiN coatings properties on cavitation erosion resistance, Surf. Coat. Technol, 204, pp. 263-270, (2009); Hattori S., Mikami N., Cavitation erosion resistance of stellite alloy weld overlays, Wear, 267, pp. 1954-1960, (2009); Mesa D.H., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Influence of cold-work on the cavitation erosion resistance and on the damage mechanisms in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels, Wear, 271, pp. 1372-1377, (2011); Wu Y., Hong S., Zhang J., He Z., Guo W., Wang Q., Li G., Microstructure and cavitation erosion behavior of WC-Co-Cr coating on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by HVOF thermal spraying, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater, 32, pp. 21-26, (2012); Szala M., Coatings for Increasing Cavitation Wear Resistance of Machine Parts and Elements, (2016); Lee S.-C., Ho W.-Y., Lai F.D., Effect of substrate surface roughness on the characteristics of CrN hard film, Mater. Chem. Phys, 43, pp. 266-273, (1996); Johnson K.L., Johnson K.L., Contact Mechanics, (1987); Tsui T.Y., Pharr G.M., Oliver W.C., Bhatia C.S., White R.L., Anders S., Anders A., Brown I.G., Mechanical behavior of diamond and other forms of carbon, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc, 383, (1995); Musil J., Kunc F., Zeman H., Polakova H., Relationships between hardness, Young's modulus and elastic recovery in hard nanocomposite coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 154, pp. 304-313, (2002); Leyland A., Matthews A., On the significance of the H/E ratio in wear control: a nanocomposite coating approach to optimised tribological behaviour, Wear, 246, pp. 1-11, (2000); Solis J., Zhao H., Wang C., Verduzco J.A., Bueno A.S., Neville A., Tribological performance of an H-DLC coating prepared by PECVD, Appl. Surf. Sci, 383, pp. 222-232, (2016)		MDPI AG	20796412			Coatings	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85069790576
18		Ibanez I.; Hodnett M.; Zeqiri B.; Frota M.N.	Ibanez, I. (57210649878); Hodnett, M. (6701522081); Zeqiri, B. (6701630009); Frota, M.N. (36945243300)	57210649878; 6701522081; 6701630009; 36945243300	Correlating Inertial Acoustic Cavitation Emissions with Material Erosion Resistance	2016	Physics Procedia	87			16	23	7	5	10.1016/j.phpro.2016.12.004	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013135344&doi=10.1016%2fj.phpro.2016.12.004&partnerID=40&md5=bbabb90b66053e5b8d7a09891e9484a8	The standard ASTM G32-10 concerns the hydrodynamic cavitation erosion resistance of materials by subjecting them to acoustic cavitation generated by a sonotrode. The work reported extends this technique by detecting and monitoring the ultrasonic cavitation, considered responsible for the erosion process, specifically for coupons of aluminium-bronze alloy. The study uses a 65 mm diameter variant of NPL's cavitation sensor, which detects broadband acoustic emissions, and logs acoustic signals generated in the MHz frequency range, using NPL's Cavimeter. Cavitation readings were made throughout the exposure duration, which was carried out at discrete intervals (900 to 3600 s), allowing periodic mass measurements to be made to assess erosion loss under a strict protocol. Cavitation measurements and erosion were compared for different separations of the sonotrode tip from the material under test. The maximum variation associated with measurement of cavitation level was between 2.2% and 3.3% when the separation (λ) between the transducer horn and the specimen increased from 0.5 to 1.0 mm, for a transducer (sonotrode) displacement amplitude of 43.5 μm. Experiments conducted at the same transducer displacement amplitude show that the mass loss of the specimen - a measure of erosion - was 67.0 mg (λ = 0.5 mm) and 66.0 mg (λ = 1.0 mm). © 2016 The Authors.	CaviMeter; Cavitation erosion; engineering materials; Metrology; Standard ASTM G32-10; Ultrasound	Acoustic emission testing; Aluminum alloys; Bronze; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Measurements; Transducers; Ultrasonic applications; Ultrasonics; Acoustic cavitations; CaviMeter; Discrete intervals; Displacement amplitudes; Engineering materials; Hydrodynamic cavitations; Material under tests; Ultrasonic cavitation; Cavitation	Choi J., Jayaprakash A., Chahine G., Scaling of cavitation erosion progression with cavitation intensity and cavitation source, Wear, 278, pp. 53-61, (2012); Da Silva F., Marinho R., Paes M., Franco S., Cavitation erosion behavior of ion-nitrided 34 CrAlNi 7 steel with different microstructures, Wear, 304, 1-2, pp. 183-190, (2013); Ibanez I., MSc Dissertation, Measurement and influence of cavitation induced by ultrasonic on erosion of engineering materials (in Portuguese), Postgraduate Programme in Metrology (PósMQI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, (2014); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus ASTM, (2010); Zeqiri B., Pierre N., Hodnett M., Nigel D., A novel sensor for monitoring acoustic cavitation, Part I: Concept, theory, and prototype development, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 50, 10, pp. 1342-1350, (2003); King D., Sonochemical analysis of the output of ultrasonic dental descalers (PhD Thesis), Chemistry, University of Bath, UK., (2010); Young F., Cavitation, (1989); Tiong J., Sonochemical and ultrasonic output analyses on dental endonosonic instruments (PhD Thesis), Chemistry, University of Bath, UK, (2012); Hodnett M., Zeqiri B., Toward a reference ultrasonic cavitation vessel: Part 2-investigating the spatial variation and acoustic pressure threshold of inertial cavitation in a 25 kHz ultrasonic field, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 55, 8, pp. 1809-1822, (2008); Hodnett M., Characterisation of Industrial High Power Ultrasound Fields Using the NPL Cavitation Sensor UIA Symposium, (2006); Hodnett M., Measuring Cavitation in Ultrasonic Cleaners and Processors, (2011)	Manna R.; DeAngelis D.	Elsevier B.V.	18753884			Phys. Procedia	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85013135344
19		Marchini L.; Tonolini P.; Montesano L.; Tocci M.; Pola A.; Gelfi M.	Marchini, Luca (58244242700); Tonolini, Pietro (57228023800); Montesano, Lorenzo (36806747600); Tocci, Marialaura (55797597700); Pola, Annalisa (8616888900); Gelfi, Marcello (6506974403)	58244242700; 57228023800; 36806747600; 55797597700; 8616888900; 6506974403	Cavitation erosion resistance of 1.2709 alloy produced via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion	2024	Procedia Structural Integrity	53			212	220	8	0	10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.026	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187014519&doi=10.1016%2fj.prostr.2024.01.026&partnerID=40&md5=b0687e9c99058ed02d5336d3269b1bae	Maraging steels, like 1.2709 (18Ni-300), are attractive materials for the aerospace, automotive, tooling, and bearing gear industries because of their high yield, tensile strength, and good toughness. The low-carbon martensite matrix and nanoscale intermetallic precipitates combine to provide distinctive mechanical properties. In particular, due to their low carbon content, these steels are easily weldable and are therefore appropriate for additive manufacturing (AM) processes like laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF). The tooling and molding industry has just lately started using this fabrication technique to create inserts with conformal cooling channels that can extend the lifetime of the insert and core while boosting the cast quality. These parts are frequently exposed to high levels of stress, wear, and even aggressive conditions. In this context, this research focuses on a peculiar, and thus understudied, erosion phenomenon known as cavitation erosion. According to the ASTM G32 standard, the cavitation erosion resistance of 1.2709 maraging steel samples produced by additive manufacturing as well as by forging was investigated. Microstructural analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of the different microstructures resulting from the different manufacturing techniques on erosion behavior. When compared to the forged maraging steel, the AM one shows less resistance to the initiation of the erosion phenomenon. Nevertheless, the wear rates of the two materials are comparable. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.	Cavitation erosion; L-PBF; Maraging steel		Abdullah A., Malaki M., Baghizadeh E., On the impact of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 226, 3, pp. 681-694, (2011); ASTM G32-16(2021) Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus 2021; Bregliozzi G., Et al., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, 1, pp. 503-510, (2005); Brooks H., Brigden K., Design of conformal cooling layers with self-supporting lattices for additively manufactured tooling, Additive Manufacturing, 11, pp. 16-22, (2016); Casati R., Et al., Aging Behaviour and Mechanical Performance of 18-Ni 300 Steel Processed by Selective Laser Melting, Metals, (2016); Chahine G., Et al., Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, (2014); Girelli L., Et al., Investigation of cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi10Mg alloy for additive manufacturing, Wear, 402-403, pp. 124-136, (2018); Hattori S., Et al., Effect of liquid properties on cavitation erosion in liquid metals, Wear, 265, 11, pp. 1649-1654, (2018); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Ball A., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, 2, pp. 311-327, (1982); Liu C., Et al., A new empirical formula for the calculation of MS temperatures in pure iron and super-low carbon alloy steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1-3, pp. 556-562, (2001); Pecas P., Et al., Chapter 4 - Additive Manufacturing in Injection Molds—Life Cycle Engineering for Technology Selection, Advanced Applications in Manufacturing Enginering, (2019); Pieklo J., Garbacz-Klempka A., Use of Maraging Steel 1.2709 for Implementing Parts of Pressure Mold Devices with Conformal Cooling System, Materials, 13; Taillon G., Et al., Cavitation erosion mechanisms in stainless steels and in composite metal-ceramic HVOF coatings, Wear, 364-365, pp. 201-210, (2016); Tian Y., Et al., In-situ SEM investigation on stress-induced microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless steels subjected to cavitation erosion and cavitation erosion-corrosion, Materials & Design, 213; Tocci M., Et al., Wear and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of an AlMgSc Alloy Produced by DMLS, Metals, 9, (2019); Tonolini P., Et al., Wear and corrosion behavior of 18Ni-300 maraging steel produced by laser-based powder bed fusion and conventional route, Procedia Structural Integrity; Venkatesh G., Ravi Kumar Y., Raghavendra G., Comparison of Straight Line to Conformal Cooling Channel in Injection Molding, Materials Today: Proceedings, 4, 2, pp. 1167-1173, (2017); Yang Q., Wu X., Qiu X., Microstructural Characteristics of High-Pressure Die Casting with High Strength-Ductility Synergy Properties: A Review, Materials, 16	Berto F.; Iacoviello F.; De Jesus A.; Torgersen J.; Vantadori S.	Elsevier B.V.	24523216			Proc. Struc. Inte.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85187014519
20		Szala M.	Szala, M. (56545535000)	56545535000	Cavitation erosion damage of self-fluxing NiCrSiB hardfacings deposited by oxy-acetylene powder welding	2021	Journal of Physics: Conference Series	2130	1	12033				2	10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012033	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123750684&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f2130%2f1%2f012033&partnerID=40&md5=dd55c5b438e44db42c0fa7c584df3a4a	This paper comparatively investigates the cavitation erosion damage of two self-fluxing NiCrSiB hardfacings deposited via the oxy-acetylene powder welding method. Examinations were conducted according to the procedure given by ASTM G32 standard. In order to research cavitation erosion (CE), the vibratory apparatus was employed. The cavitation damaged surfaces were inspected using a scanning electron microscope, optical microscope and surface profilometer. The hardness of the A-NiCrSiB hardfacing equals 908HV while that of C-NiCrSiB amounts to 399HV. The research showed that the CE resistance of C-NiCrSiB is higher than that of A-NiCrSiB. The results demonstrate that in the case of multiphase materials, like the NiCrSiB hardfacings, hardness cannot be the key factor for cavitation erosion damage estimation whereas it is strongly subjected to material microstructure. In order to qualitatively recognise the cavitation erosion damage of the NiCrSiB self-fluxing hardfacings at a given exposure time, the following factors should be respected: physical and mechanical properties, material microstructure and also material loss and eroded surface morphology, both stated at specific testing time. The general idea for the cavitation erosion damage estimation of the NiCrSiB oxy-acetylene welds was presented. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.		Cavitation; Erosion; Hardness; Heat affected zone; Lighting; Microstructure; Nickel compounds; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon compounds; Surface morphology; Welding; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Damage estimation; Damaged surfaces; Erosion damage; Material microstructures; Multiphase materials; Optical microscopes; Optical surfaces; Surface profilometers; Welding method; Morphology	Szala M, Latka L, Awtoniuk M, Winnicki M, Michalak M, Neural Modelling of APS Thermal Spray Process Parameters for Optimizing the Hardness, Porosity and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2, Coatings Processes, 8, (2020); Riemschneider E, Bordeasu I, Mitelea I, Utu I D, Analysis of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Grey Cast Iron EN-GJL-200 by the Surface Induction Hardening, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng, 416, (2018); Latka L, Michalak M, Szala M, Walczak M, Sokolowski P, Ambroziak A, Influence of 13 wt% TiO2 content in alumina-titania powders on microstructure, sliding wear and cavitation erosion resistance of APS sprayed coatings, Surface and Coatings Technology, 410, (2021); Czuprynski A, Flame Spraying of Aluminum Coatings Reinforced with Particles of Carbonaceous Materials as an Alternative for Laser Cladding, Technologies Materials, 12, (2019); Walczak M, Szala M, Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing, Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng, 21, (2021); Zebrowski R, Walczak M, The effect of shot peening on the corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy made by DMLS, Advances in Materials Science, 18, pp. 43-54, (2018); Morozow D, Barlak M, Werner Z, Pisarek M, Konarski P, Zagorski J, Rucki M, Chalko L, Lagodzinski M, Narojczyk J, Krzysiak Z, Caban J, Wear Resistance Improvement of Cemented Tungsten Carbide Deep-Hole Drills after Ion, Implantation Materials, 14, (2021); Budzynski P, Filiks J, Zukowski P, Kiszczak K, Walczak M, Effect of mixed N and Ar implantation on tribological properties of tool steel, Vacuum, 78, pp. 685-692, (2005); Ozkan D, Alper Yilmaz M, Szala M, Turkuz C, Chocyk D, Tunc C, Goz O, Walczak M, Pasierbiewicz K, Baris Yagci M, Effects of ceramic-based CrN, TiN, and AlCrN interlayers on wear and friction behaviors of AlTiSiN+TiSiN PVD coatings, Ceramics International, 47, pp. 20077-20089, (2021); Ozkan D, Yilmaz M A, Bakdemir S A, Sulukan E, Wear and Friction Behavior of TiB2 Thin Film-Coated AISI 52100 Steels under the Lubricated Condition, Tribology Transactions, 63, pp. 1008-1019, (2020); Gucwa M, Winczek J, Wieczorek P, Mician M, Konar R, The Analysis of Filler Material Effect on Properties of Excavator Crawler Track Shoe after Welding Regeneration, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 66, pp. 31-36, (2021); Latka L, Biskup P, Development in PTA Surface Modifications, A Review Advances in Materials Science, 20, pp. 39-53, (2020); Tomkow J, Swierczynska A, Landowski M, Wolski A, Rogalski G, Bead-on-Plate Underwater Wet Welding on S700MC Steel, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, pp. 288-296, (2021); Tomkow J, Janeczek A, Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel, Applied Sciences, 10, (2020); Janicki D, The friction and wear behaviour of in-situ titanium carbide reinforced composite layers manufactured on ductile cast iron by laser surface alloying, Surface and Coatings Technology, 406, (2021); Munoz-Escalona P, Mridha S, Baker T N, Advances in Surface Engineering Using TIG Processing to Incorporate Ceramic Particulates into Low Alloy and Microalloyed Steels - A Review, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, pp. 88-98, (2021); Zhou Y, Zhang J, Xing Z, Wang H, Lv Z, Microstructure and properties of NiCrBSi coating by plasma cladding on gray cast iron, Surface and Coatings Technology, 361, pp. 270-279, (2019); Mendez P F, Barnes N, Bell K, Borle S D, Gajapathi S S, Guest S D, Izadi H, Gol A K, Wood G, Welding processes for wear resistant overlays, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 16, pp. 4-25, (2014); Szala M, Swietlicki A, Sofinska-Chmiel W, Cavitation erosion of electrostatic spray polyester coatings with different surface finish, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences, 69, (2021); Hibi M, Inaba K, Takahashi K, Kishimoto K, Hayabusa K, Effect of Tensile Stress on Cavitation Erosion and Damage of Polymer, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser, 656, (2015); Jimenez H, Olaya J J, Alfonso J E, Tribological Behavior of Ni-Based WC-Co Coatings Deposited via Spray and Fuse Technique Varying the Oxygen Flow, Advances in Tribology, 2021, (2021); Olejnik E, Szymanski L, Batog P, Tokarski T, Kurtyka P, TiC-FeCr local composite reinforcements obtained in situ in steel casting, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 275, (2020); Kazamer N, Muntean R, Valean P C, Pascal D T, Marginean G, Serban V-A, Comparison of Ni-Based Self-Fluxing Remelted Coatings for Wear and Corrosion, Applications Materials, 14, (2021); Gonzalez R, Cadenas M, Fernandez R, Cortizo J L, Rodriguez E, Wear behaviour of flame sprayed NiCrBSi coating remelted by flame or by laser, Wear, 262, pp. 301-307, (2007); Mikus R, Kovac I, Zarnovsky J, Effect of Microstructure on Properties of NiCrBSi Alloys Applied by Flame-Powder Deposition, Advanced Materials Research, 1059, pp. 1-9, (2014); Li W, Li J, Xu Y, Optimization of Corrosion Wear Resistance of the NiCrBSi Laser-Clad Coatings Fabricated on Ti6Al4V, Coatings, 11, (2021); Wang W, Li W, Xu H, Microstructures and Properties of Plasma Sprayed Ni Based Coatings Reinforced by TiN/C1-xNxTi Generated from In-Situ Solid-Gas Reaction, Materials, 10, (2017); Miguel J M, Guilemany J M, Vizcaino S, Tribological study of NiCrBSi coating obtained by different processes, Tribology International, 36, pp. 181-187, (2003); Kekes D, Psyllaki P, Vardavoulias M, Vekinis G, Wear micro-mechanisms of composite WC-Co/Cr-NiCrFeBSiC coatings.Part II: Cavitation erosion, Tribology in Industry, 36, pp. 375-383, (2014); Szala M, Walczak M, Hejwowski T, Factors Influencing Cavitation Erosion of NiCrSiB Hardfacings Deposited by Oxy-Acetylene Powder Welding on Grey Cast Iron, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, pp. 376-386, (2021); Hardfacing Powders, (2019); Bergant Z, Grum J, Quality Improvement of Flame Sprayed, Heat Treated, and Remelted NiCrBSi Coatings, J Therm Spray Tech, 18, pp. 380-391, (2009); Podulka P, Improved Procedures for Feature-Based Suppression of Surface Texture High-Frequency Measurement Errors in the Wear Analysis of Cylinder Liner Topographies, Metals, 11, (2021); Zagorski I, Kulisz M, Klonica M, Matuszak J, Trochoidal Milling and Neural Networks Simulation of Magnesium, Alloys Materials, 12, (2019); Macek W, Branco R, Trembacz J, Costa J D, Ferreira J A M, Capela C, Effect of multiaxial bending-torsion loading on fracture surface parameters in high-strength steels processed by conventional and additive manufacturing, Engineering Failure Analysis, 118, (2020); Latka L, Szala M, Michalak M, Palka T, Impact of atmospheric plasma spray parameters on cavitation erosion resistance of Al2O3-13%TiO2 coatings, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, pp. 342-347, (2019); Szala M, Latka L, Walczak M, Winnicki M, Comparative Study on the Cavitation Erosion and Sliding Wear of Cold-Sprayed Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 Coatings, and Stainless Steel, Aluminium Alloy, Copper and Brass Metals, 10, (2020); Szala M, Chocyk D, Skic A, Kaminski M, Macek W, Turek M, Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6, Materials, 14, (2021); Krella A K, The new parameter to assess cavitation erosion resistance of hard PVD coatings, Engineering Failure Analysis, 18, pp. 855-867, (2011); Zakrzewska D E, Krella A K, Cavitation Erosion Resistance Influence of Material Properties, Advances in Materials Science, 19, pp. 18-34, (2019); Hattori S, Ishikura R, Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Tzanakis I, Bolzoni L, Eskin D G, Hadfield M, Evaluation of Cavitation Erosion Behavior of Commercial Steel Grades Used in the Design of Fluid Machinery, Metall Mater Trans A, 48, pp. 2193-2206, (2017)		IOP Publishing Ltd	17426588			J. Phys. Conf. Ser.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85123750684
21		Espitia L.A.; Dong H.; Li X.-Y.; Pinedo C.E.; Tschiptschin A.P.	Espitia, L.A. (26538490500); Dong, Hanshan (7402335224); Li, Xiao-Ying (55718097900); Pinedo, C.E. (6603134589); Tschiptschin, A.P. (7004251372)	26538490500; 7402335224; 55718097900; 6603134589; 7004251372	Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanisms of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel	2015	Wear	332-333			1070	1079	9	41	10.1016/j.wear.2014.12.009	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945485677&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2014.12.009&partnerID=40&md5=d0dc2e74ac7baf27d5bae87303a8fa16	Quenched and tempered AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel specimens were active screen plasma nitrided in a mixture of 75% of nitrogen and 25% of hydrogen during 20 h at 400 °C. The microstructure of the nitrided case was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The phases were identified by X-ray diffraction and the nitrogen content as a function of depth was measured using wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer coupled to SEM. Nanoindentation tests were carried out in order to assess hardness (H), Young modulus (E), H/E and H3E2 ratios and the elastic recovery (We) of the nitrided layer. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out according to ASTM G32 standard during 20 h, with periodical interruptions for registering the mass losses. Additional cavitation erosion tests were performed to identify the wear mechanisms in both specimens, through assessment of the evolution of the damage on the surface, in a scanning electron microscope. A ∼28 μm thick, 1275 HV hard nitrided case formed at the surface of the martensitic stainless steel, composed of nitrogen supersaturated expanded martensite and hexagonal ε-Fe24N10 iron nitrides. The expanded martensite decreased 27 times the mass loss shown by the non-nitrided stainless steel and the erosion rate decreased from 2.56 mg/h to 0.085 mg/h. The increase in cavitation erosion resistance can be mainly attributed to the increase in hardness and to the elastic response of the expanded martensite. The non-nitrided specimen changed from initially ductile to brittle behavior, exhibiting two different modes of material detachment. The first mode was characterized by a great degree of plastic deformation, fatigue and ductile fracture. The second failure mode could be associated to brittle fracture by cleavage mechanisms. In contrast, the wear mechanism observed in the nitrided specimen was brittle fracture without evident plastic deformation. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Active screen plasma nitriding; Cavitation erosion; Expanded martensite; Mechanisms of wear; Nanoindentation	Brittle fracture; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Damage detection; Ductile fracture; Erosion; Hardness; Martensite; Martensitic stainless steel; Nanoindentation; Nitrogen; Nitrogen plasma; Plasma applications; Plastic deformation; Scanning electron microscopy; Steel research; Temperature; Tribology; Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes; Wear of materials; Wear resistance; X ray diffraction; X ray spectrometers; Active screen plasma; Active screen plasma nitriding; Cavitation erosion resistance; Expanded martensites; Low temperature plasmas; Microhardness measurement; Nanoindentation tests; Wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometers; Stainless steel	Mesa D.H., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of UNS S31803 stainless steel by duplex treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 205, pp. 1552-1556, (2010); Garzon C.M., Thomas H., Dos Santos J.F., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of a high temperature gas nitrided duplex stainless steel in substitute ocean water, Wear, 259, pp. 145-153, (2005); Dos Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance for low-temperature plasma nitrided Ca-6NM martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 309, pp. 159-165, (2014); Espitia L.A., Varela L., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of low temperature plasma nitrided martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 301, pp. 449-456, (2013); Tromas C., Stinville J.C., Templier C., Villechaise P., Hardness and elastic modulus gradients in plasma-nitrided 316L polycrystalline stainless steel investigated by nanoindentation tomography, Acta Mater., 60, pp. 1965-1973, (2012); Menthe E., Bulak A., Olfe J., Zimmermann A., Rie K.T., Et al., Improvement of the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel after plasma nitriding, Surf. Coat. Technol., 133-134, pp. 259-263, (2000); Stinville J.C., Tromas C., Villechaise P., Templier C., Anisotropy changes in hardness and indentation modulus induced by plasma nitriding of 316L polycrystalline stainless steel, Scr. Mater., 64, pp. 37-40, (2011); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, pp. 311-327, (1982); Bregliozzi G., Schino A.D., Ahmed S.I.U., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behavior of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Mann B.S., Boronizing of cast martensitic chromium nickel stainless steel and its abrasion and cavitation-erosion behavior, Wear, 208, pp. 125-131, (1997); Thiruvengadam A., Waring S., Mechanical Properties of Metals and Their Cavitation Damage Resistance, pp. 1-47, (1964); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, Int. Mater. Rev., 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra S.K., Cavitation erosion in hydraulic turbine components and mitigation by coatings: Current status and future needs, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, 7, (2012); Li C.X., Bell T., Dong. H., A study of active screen plasma nitriding, Surf. Eng., 18, 3, pp. 174-181, (2002); Toro A., Tschiptschin A.P., Chemical characterization of a high nitrogen stainless steel by optimized electron probe microanalysis, Scr. Mater., 63, pp. 803-806, (2010); Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M., A new improved technique for determining hardness and modulus using load and sensitive indentation experiments, J. Mater. Res., 7, pp. 1564-1582, (1992); Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (1998); Hardness Depth of Heat-treated Parts; Determination of the Effective Depth of Hardening after Nitriding, (1979); Pinedo C.E., Monteiro W.A., On the kinetics of plasma nitriding a martensitic stainless steel type AISI 420, Surf. Coat. Technol., 179, pp. 119-123, (2004); Kim S.K., Yoo J.S., Priest J.M., Fewell M.P., Characteristics of martensitic stainless steel nitrided in a low-pressure RF plasma, Surf. Coat. Technol., 163-164, pp. 380-385, (2003); Christiansen T., Somers M.A.J., Nitrogen diffusion and nitrogen depth profiles in expanded austenite: Experimental assessment, numerical simulation and role of stress, Mater. Sci. Technol., 24, pp. 159-167, (2008); Christiansen T., Somers M.A.J., Stress and composition of carbon stabilized expanded austenite on stainless steel, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 40 A, pp. 1791-1798, (2009)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final	All Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-84945485677
22		Montesano L.; Pola A.; La Vecchia G.M.	Montesano, L. (36806747600); Pola, A. (8616888900); La Vecchia, G.M. (7004576430)	36806747600; 8616888900; 7004576430	Cavitation-erosion resistance of three zinc-Aluminum alloy for bearing application	2016	Metallurgia Italiana	2016	11		50	55	5	1		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013191637&partnerID=40&md5=01755ac7a69f852afed9333026e00a0a	Zinc alloys are known as good competitors of copper alloys for some tribological applications, in both lubricated and dry conditions. In presence of lubricant, cavitation erosion phenomenon can occur, increasing the damaging of the part. In this paper a comparative study of the erosion resistance of an innovative (ZnAl15Cu1Mg) and two commercial Zn-Al alloys (ZA27 and Alzen305) is presented. Cavitation erosion tests were executed according to ASTM G32 on cast samples and the response of each material was assessed by measuring the worn volume as a function of cavitation time and by analyzing the damaged surfaces by means of optical and scanning electron microscope. It was pointed out that the new ZnAl15Cu1Mg guarantees better resistance than the traditional ZA27 and Alzen305 as a consequence of the different microstructure.		Cavitation; Erosion; Scanning electron microscopy; Zinc; Zinc alloys; Cavitation erosion resistance; Comparative studies; Damaged surfaces; Dry condition; Erosion resistance; Tribological applications; Zinc aluminum alloy; ZnAl alloy; Aluminum alloys	Hanna M.D., Carter J.T., Kashid M.S., Wear, 203-209, pp. 11-21, (1997); El-Abou Khair M.T., Daoud A., Ismail A., Mater. Lett, 58, pp. 1754-1760, (2004); Pola A., Montesano L., Gelfi M., Vecchia G.M.L., Wear, 368-369, pp. 444-452, (2016); Purcek G., Savaskan T., Kucukomeroglu T., Murphy S., Wear, pp. 894-901, (2002); Yan S., Xie J., Liu Z., Wang W., Wang A., Li J., J. Mater. Sci. Technol, 26, 7, pp. 648-652, (2010); Apelian D., Paliwal M., Herrschaft D.C., JOM, pp. 12-20, (1981); Rollez D., Pola A., Prenger F., World of Metallurgy - Erzmetall, 68, 6, pp. 354-358, (2015); Prasad B.K., Patwardhan A.K., Yegneswaran A.H., Wear, 199, pp. 142-151, (1996); Pola A., La Vecchia G.M., Gelfi M., Montesano L., Metall. Ital, 4, pp. 37-41, (2015); Savakan T., Hekimolu A.P., Int. J. Mater. Res, 107, 7, pp. 646-652, (2016); Kubel E.J., Expanding horizons for ZA alloys, Adv. Mat. Proc, pp. 51-57, (1987); Altorfer K.J., Metal Prog, 122, 6, pp. 29-31, (1982); Lee P.P., Savasakan T., Laufer E., Wear, 117, pp. 79-89, (1987); ASM Handbook - Vol. 3: Alloy Phase Diagram, (1992); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Arrighini A., Gelfi M., Pola A., Roberti R., Mater. Corros, 61, 3, pp. 218-221, (2010); Durman M., Murphy S., J. Mater. Sci, 32, pp. 1603-1611, (1997); Savaskan T., Hekimoglu A.P., Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct, 603, pp. 52-57, (2014); Vaidya S., Preece C.M., Metall. Trans. A, 9, pp. 299-307, (1978); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Int. Mater. Rev, 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Chakrabarti K., Casting Technology and Cast Alloys, (2005); Shreir L.L., Corrosion: Metal/environment reactions, Newnes-Butterworths, (1976); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., J. Mater. Sci, 29, 4, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Met. Trans. A, 8, pp. 915-923, (1977); Hucinska J., Glowacka M., Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 32, 6, pp. 1325-1333, (2001)		Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia	260843		MITLA	Metall. Ital.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85013191637
23	Bordeasu	Franț F.; Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Codrean C.; Mutașcu D.	Franț, Florin (57215883759); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Codrean, Cosmin (18433646500); Mutașcu, Daniel (57215884439)	57215883759; 16309955100; 13409573100; 18433646500; 57215884439	Effect of some heat treatments on cavitation erosion resistance of the En AW - 6082 alloy	2019	METAL 2019 - 28th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings				663	667	4	5		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079433617&partnerID=40&md5=2ba37de5f6dd1abba0348aa1a6baf4ee	In its pure form, aluminum is relatively soft, with poor mechanical strength and weak cavitation erosion characteristics. The alloys series 6xxx have as main elements alloying silicon and magnesium, which improve their mechanical properties, making them competitive for many structural applications. The present paper establishes the correlation between the heat treatment, the microstructure and the mechanism of cavitation erosion damage of a deformable alloy, aluminum base. Cavitation tests were conducted on a vibrator with piezo-ceramic crystals that meet ASTM G32 - 2010 requirements. The metallographic examinations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, coupled with the hardness tests, highlighted the microstructural changes in a cavitationally affected material and the cracks propagation mode. © 2019 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.	Al-alloy; Cavitation erosion; Heat treatment; Microstructure	Alloying elements; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Metals; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy; Al-alloy; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cracks propagation; Erosion characteristics; Metallographic examination; Microstructural changes; Piezo-ceramics; Structural applications; Aluminum alloys	Mrowka-Nowotnik G., Sieniawski J., Influence of heat treatment on the micrustructure and mechanical properties of 6005 and 6082 aluminium alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 162-163, pp. 367-372, (2005); Wang Q.G., Davidson C.J., Solidification and precipitation behaviour of Al-Si-Mg casting alloys, J. Material Science., 26, pp. 739-750, (2001); Fortes Patella R., Choffat T., Reboud J.-L., Archer A., Mass loss simulation in cavitation erosion - Fatigue criterion approach, Wear, 300, pp. 205-215, (2013); Gottardi G., Tocci M., Montesano M., Pola A., Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging, Wear, 394-395, pp. 1-10, (2018)		TANGER Ltd.		978-808729492-5		METAL - Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.	Conference paper	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85079433617
24		Khmelev V.N.; Barsukov R.V.; Golykh R.N.; Abramenko D.S.; Genne D.V.; Tertishnikov P.P.	Khmelev, V.N. (8319587200); Barsukov, R.V. (8204748400); Golykh, R.N. (36607866300); Abramenko, D.S. (14631811500); Genne, D.V. (23491721400); Tertishnikov, P.P. (57220741853)	8319587200; 8204748400; 36607866300; 14631811500; 23491721400; 57220741853	Method and means of cavitation erosion tests under abnormal conditions	2020	Journal of Physics: Conference Series	1679	4	42041				3	10.1088/1742-6596/1679/4/042041	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097607286&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f1679%2f4%2f042041&partnerID=40&md5=49e7673ec22a052456dde2a87a04f307	The monitoring method for erosion resistance of metals and protective coatings under cavitation exposure in abnormal operating conditions is proposed. This method extends the scope of the standard ASTM G32-10 Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus. The specialized ultrasonic device has been developed for the study of cavitation destruction of materials and coatings at high pressures, temperatures up to 1000 °C and in liquid media with various properties (including aggressive ones) for implementing the monitoring method. The control system based on continuous monitoring of electric parameters of piezoelectric vibratory system was used to providing the necessary vibration amplitude in the process of cavitation under all changes of liquids parameters. The control system (based on changes monitoring of liquid active resistance) was used for equal efficiency of cavitation process on the surface. Practical recommendations for testing of cavitation erosion of metals and protective coatings in abnormal conditions are given. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.		Control systems; Erosion; High pressure engineering; Liquids; Monitoring; Protective coatings; Testing; Abnormal conditions; Abnormal operating conditions; Continuous monitoring; Electric parameters; Erosion resistance; Practical recommendation; Standard test method; Vibration amplitude; Cavitation	Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Khmelev V N, Kuzovnikov Yu M, Khmelev S S, Levin S V, Khmelev M V, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. of Young Specialists on Micro / Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, EDM 2016 (Erlagol, Russian Federation: IEEE) Ultrasonic device designed for the studying of cavitation resistance of materials, pp. 260-263, (2016); Khmelev V N, Kuzovnikov Yu M, Tsyganok S N, Khmelev M V, Khmelev S S, Shakura V A, Pat. Of the Russian Federation No 163845 appl, (2016); Khmelev V N, Shalunov A V, Nesterov V A, Tertishnikov P P, Tsyganok S N, Khmelev M V, Genne D V, Abramenko D S, Pat. Of the Russian Federation No 2719820 appl, (2020); Khmelev V N, Ilchenko E V, Barsukov R V, Genne D V, Ryzhova S F, Proc. 20th Int. Conf. of Young Specialists on Micro / Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, EDM 2019 (Erlagol, Russian Federation: IEEE) Specific Features of the Realization of Ultrasonic Action in Liquid Media under Excessive Pressure, pp. 235-239, (2019); Khmelev V N, Levin S V, Khmelev S S, Tsyganok S N, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. of Young Specialists on Micro / Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, EDM 2015 (Erlagol, Russian Federation: IEEE) Control device of ultrasonic vibration amplitude, pp. 262-264, (2015); Khmelev V N, Baruskov R V, Ilchenko E V, Popova N S, Genne D V, Control of the parameters of piezoelectric ultrasonic vibrating systems for the study of cavitation activity in liquid media 2015, (2015); Khmelev V N, Khmelev S S, Golikh R N, Evaluation of optimum modes and conditions of ultrasonic cavitation influence on high-viscous and non-newtonian liquid, Romanian Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, 12, pp. 20-28, (2015); Khmelev V N, Barsukov R V, Ilchenko E V, System for monitoring the properties of technological media when exposed to high-intensity ultrasonic fields, (2013); Khmelev V N, Shalunov A V, Genne D V, Barsukov R V, Nesterov V A, Investigation of the effect of the thickness of the liquid layer on the frequency characteristics of the oscillatory system, Science Bulletin of the NSTU, 76, pp. 97-114, (2019); Khmelev V N, Shalunov A V, Golykh R N, Nesterov V A, Ultrasound. Influence on systems with a carrier liquid phase, (2018); Donskoy A V, Keller O K, Kratysh G S, Ultrasonic electrotechnical installations Energoizdatelstvo Leningradskoe branch, 2, (1982)	Kovalev I.V.; Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall of the Russian Union of Scientific and Engineering Associations, 61 Uritskogo Street, Krasnoyarsk; Voroshilova A.A.; Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall of the Russian Union of Scientific and Engineering Associations, 61 Uritskogo Street, Krasnoyarsk; Testoyedov N.A.; JSC "Academician M F Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems", 52 Lenin Street, Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk	IOP Publishing Ltd	17426588			J. Phys. Conf. Ser.	Conference paper	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85097607286
25		Jasim H.H.	Jasim, H.H. (57090616200)	57090616200	Investigating the effect of vibration on corrosion rate of crude oil storage tanks	2016	Materials and Corrosion	67	9		988	993	5	3	10.1002/maco.201508764	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956647793&doi=10.1002%2fmaco.201508764&partnerID=40&md5=40f6803044697befe41f70af890b7610	The present paper, deals with the influence of vibration and temperature on corrosion rate of ASTM A537 carbon steel used for crude oil storage tanks of Basrah oil fields in south Iraq. A mechanical vibration system equipped with temperature controller according to ASTM G32 standards test method was used to test and study the effect of vibration and temperature on the corrosion rates using immersion test method. Three types of crude oils: light, medium, and heavy crude oils were collected from tanks in southern Iraq. The experimental immersion test results demonstrated that the vibration increases the corrosion rate compared to static case. The light crude oil show larger values of corrosion and heavy crude oil show smaller values, while medium crude oil show moderate values. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim	ASTM A537 carbon steel; corrosion; crude oil tank; immersion test; vibration	Acoustic wave absorption; Carbon steel; Corrosion; Crude oil; Oil fields; Oil tanks; Tanks (containers); Vibrations (mechanical); Crude oil storage; Effect of vibration; Heavy crude oil; Immersion tests; Moderate value; Temperature controllers; Test method; Vibration; vibration; Corrosion rate	Cao H.Z., (2002); Subrata K.C., The Theory and Practice of Hydrodynamics and Vibration, Advance Serious in Ocean Engineering, 30, (2002); Nanjo H., Kurate Y., Asano O., Sanada N., Ikeuchi J., Corrosion, 46, (1990); Flowers G.T., Xie F., Bozack M., Malucci R.D., Proceedings of the, 48th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Connectors, pp. 133-139, (2002); Russell D.A., Snodgrass B., Corrosion 2005, (2005); Afshin M., Babak A., Am. J. Civil. Eng. Archit, 1, (2013); Abd El Hallem S.M., Ghayad I., Eisaa M., Nassif N., Shoeib M.A., Soliman H., Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 9, (2014); Saad Z.J., Jeremy C.G., Geology of Iraq, (2006); Lynn D.D., (2001); Gandy D., Carbon Steel Handbook, Electric Power Research institute, (2007); Narayanan T.S.N., Corrosion and Corrosion Preventive Methods, (2012); (2003); Mayer V.A., Annual Book of ASTM Standards Section 3, Material test methods and analytical procedures, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), pp. 94-109, (2002); Rober B., NACE Corrosion Engineering Preference Book, (2002); (2004)		Wiley-VCH Verlag	9475117		MTCRE	Mater. Corros.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-84956647793
26	Bordeasu	Istrate D.; Bordeasu I.; Ghiban B.; Istrate B.; Sbarcea B.-G.; Ghera C.; Luca A.N.; Odagiu P.O.; Florea B.; Gubencu D.	Istrate, Dionisie (57962117200); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Ghiban, Brândușa (23501106400); Istrate, Bogdan (36542331800); Sbarcea, Beatrice-Gabriela (57226355382); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Luca, Alexandru Nicolae (58020710300); Odagiu, Petrisor Ovidiu (58153386800); Florea, Bogdan (57222483043); Gubencu, Dinu (8220751200)	57962117200; 13409573100; 23501106400; 36542331800; 57226355382; 57038932100; 58020710300; 58153386800; 57222483043; 8220751200	Correlation between Mechanical Properties—Structural Characteristics and Cavitation Resistance of Rolled Aluminum Alloy Type 5083	2023	Metals	13	6	1067				4	10.3390/met13061067	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163872430&doi=10.3390%2fmet13061067&partnerID=40&md5=a54a0b2210b030b492779bfce9996ee1	The 5000 series aluminum alloy 5083 is distinguished by excellent processability, excellent welding characteristics, and a strong resilience to corrosion, particularly in maritime environments. It is employed in the manufacture of ships, automobiles, spacecraft, and industrial buildings. The goal of the current study is to determine whether there is any relationship between the mechanical properties, structural characteristics, and cavitation erosion properties of aluminum alloy 5083 in the H111 state (rolled from 454 °C to 399 °C and annealed at 343 °C by holding in cooled air), followed by artificial ageing at (180 °C) with three maintenance periods of 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h, and at (140 °C) with three maintenance periods of 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h. The cavitation resistance experiments of the experimental samples were performed in accordance with ASTM G32-2016. The resistance to cavitation erosion was determined by making mean erosion penetration rate (MDER) or mean depth of erosion (MDE) analytical diagrams according to the duration of the cavitation attack and by measuring the maximum depth of cavitation erosion in the samples analyzed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, a structural correlation between the condition of the artificially aged laminate alloy and its resistance to cavitation erosion could be achieved: ageing at 180 °C, maintained for 24 h, could lead to a maximum depth of cavitation erosion MDEmax of about 5 µm. © 2023 by the authors.	aluminum alloy 5083; artificial heat treatment; cavitation erosion resistance; rolled state		Huang K., Lui T., Chen L., Effect of microstructural feature on the tensile properties and vibration fracture resistance of friction stirred 5083 Alloy, J. Alloys Compd, 509, pp. 7466-7472, (2011); Bauri R., Yadav D., Kumar C.N.S., Balaji B., Tungsten particle reinforced Al 5083 composite with high strength and ductility, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 620, pp. 67-75, (2015); Newbery A.P., Nutt S.R., Lavernia E.J., Multi-scale Al 5083 for military vehicles with improved performance, Jom, 58, pp. 56-61, (2006); Ke W., Bu X., Oliveira J., Xu W., Wang Z., Zeng Z., Modeling and numerical study of keyhole-induced porosity formation in laser beam oscillating welding of 5A06 aluminum alloy, Opt. Laser Technol, 133, (2021); Pereira D., Oliveira J., Santos T., Miranda R., Lourenco F., Gumpinger J., Bellarosa R., Aluminium to Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer tubes joints produced by magnetic pulse welding, Compos. Struct, 230, (2019); Torzewski J., Grzelak K., Wachowski M., Kosturek R., Microstructure and Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of AA5083 H111 Friction Stir Welded Joint, Materials, 13, (2020); Bordeasu D., Prostean O., Hatiegan C., Contributions to Modeling, Simulation and Controlling of a Pumping System Powered by a Wind Energy Conversion System, Energies, 14, (2021); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Bordeasu D., Duma S.T., Iosif A., Researches upon the cavitation erosion behaviour of austenite steels, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng, 106, (2016); Istrate I., Sarcea B.G., Demian A.M., Buzatu A.D., Salcianu L., Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Chera C., Florea B., Ghiban B., Correlation between Mechanical Properties—Structural Characteristics and Cavitation Resistance of Cast Aluminum Alloy type 5083, Crystals, 12, (2022); Tian N., Wang G., Zhou Y., Liu K., Zhao G., Zuo L., Study of the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) Characteristics of a 5083 Aluminum Alloy Sheet in Two Heat Treatment States, Materials, 11, (2018); Nakamura T., Obikawa T., Nishizaki I., Enomoto M., Fang Z., Friction Stir Welding of Non-Heat-Treatable High-Strength Alloy 5083-O, Metals, 8, (2018); Tamasgavabari R., Ebrahimi A., Abbasi S., Yazdipour A., The effect of harmonic vibration with a frequency below the resonant range on the mechanical properties of AA-5083-H321 aluminum alloy GMAW welded parts, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 736, (2018); Liu Y., Wang W., Xie J., Sun S., Wang L., Qian Y., Meng Y., Wei Y., Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum 5083 weldments by gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc welding, Mater. Sci, 549, pp. 7-13, (2012); Ma M., Lai R., Qin J., Wang B., Liu H., Yi D., Effect of weld reinforcement on tensile and fatigue properties of 5083 aluminum metal inert gas (MIG) welded joint: Experiments and numerical simulations, Int. J. Fatigue, 144, (2021); Corigliano P., Crupi V., Pei X., Dong P., DIC-based structural strain approach for low-cycle fatigue assessment of AA 5083 welded joints, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech, 116, (2021); Ma R., Truster T.J., Puplampu S.B., Penumadu D., Investigating mechanical degradation due to fire exposure of aluminum alloy 5083 using crystal plasticity finite element method, Int. J. Solids Struct, 134, pp. 151-160, (2018); Li J., Liu W.C., Zhai T., Kenik W.A., Comparison of recrystallization texture in cold-rolled continuous cast AA5083 and 5182 aluminum alloys, Scr. Mater, 52, pp. 163-168, (2005); Manzana M.E., Experimental Studies and Investigations Regarding the Structural Modifications Produced through Cavitation-Erosion in Different Metallic Materials, Ph.D. Thesis, (2012); Guragata M.C., Studies and Experimental Researches Concerning Plastic Forming and Erosion-Cavitation Behavior of Superalloy Type INCONEL 718, Ph.D. Thesis, (2021); Bordeasu I., Monografia Laboratorului de Cercetare a Eroziunii prin Cavitatie al Universitatii Polirehnica Timisoara (1960–2020), (2020); Man H.C., Kwok C.T., Yue T.M., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behaviour of laser surface alloyed MMC of SiC and Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> on Al alloy AA6061, Surf. Coat. Technol, 132, pp. 11-20, (2000); Oanca V.O., Techniques for Optimizing the Resistance to Cavitation Erosion of Some CuAlNiFeMn Alloys Intended for the Execution of Naval Propellers, Ph.D. Thesis, (2014); Garcia R., Comprehensive Cavitation Damage Data for Water and Various Liquid Metals Including Correlation with Material and Fluid Properties, (1966); Hobbs J.M., Experience with a 20-kc Cavitation Erosion Test, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, pp. 159-185, (1967); Jean-Pierre F., Jean-Louis K., Karimi A., Fruman D.-H., Frechou D., Briancon-Marjollet L., Billard J.-Y., Belahadji B., Avellan F., Michel J.M., Physical Mechanisms and Industrial Aspects, (1995); Steller K., Reymann Z., Krzysztoowicz T., Evaluation of the resistance of materials to cavitational erosion, Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Fluid Machinery, 2; Sakai I., Shima A., On a New Representative Equation for Cavitation Damage Resistance of Materials, (1987); Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu V., New contributions to cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Trans, 34, pp. 39-43, (2006); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., A New Model for the Equation Describing the Cavitation Mean Depth Erosion Rate Curve, Rev. Chim, 68, pp. 894-898, (2017); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloys, J. Mater. Sci, 29, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Istrate D., Ghera C., Salcianu L., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.-C., Ostoia D., Heat Treatment Influence of Alloy 5083 on Cavitational Erosion Resistance, Hydraulica, 3, pp. 15-25, (2021); Bordeasu I., Ghera C., Istrate D., Salcianu L., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.-C., Suta A., Tomoiaga I., Et al., Resistance and Behavior to Cavitation Erosion of Semi-Finished Aluminum Alloy 5083, Hidraulica, 4, pp. 17-24, (2021); Tong Z., Jiao J., Zhou W., Yang Y., Chen L., Liu H., Sun Y., Ren X., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of AA5083 aluminum alloy by laser shock processing, Surf. Coat. Technol, 377, (2019); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, Rev. Chim, 58, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Bordeasu D., Prostean O., Filip I., Dragan F., Vasar C., Modelling, Simulation and Controlling of a Multi-Pump System with Water Storage Powered by a Fluctuating and Intermittent Power Source, Mathematics, 10, (2022); Geru N., Bane M., Analiza Structurii Materialelor Metalice, (1991); Bojin D., Miculescu F., Miculescu M., Microscopie Electronică de Baleiaj și Aplicații, (2005); Michette A., Pfauntsch S., X-Ray: The First Hundred Years, (1996); Szala M., Latka L., Walczak M., Winnicki M., Comparative Study on the Cavitation Erosion and Sliding Wear of Cold-Sprayed Al/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cu/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings, and Stainless Steel, Aluminium Alloy, Copper and Brass, Metals, 10, (2020); Tocci M., Pola A., Girelli L., Lollio F., Montesano L., Gelfi M., Wear and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of an AlMgSc Alloy Produced by DMLS, Metals, 9, (2019); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, (2016); He J., Liu X., Li B., Zhai J., Song J., Cavitation Erosion Characteristics for Different Metal Surface and Influencing Factors in Water Flowing System, Appl. Sci, 12, (2022); Lv Z., Hou R., Zhang Z., Fan Z., Effect of ultrasonic vibration on cavitation erosion of aluminum oxide in fluid jet machining, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol, 111, pp. 2911-2918, (2020); Hegde M., Kavanagh Y., Duffy B., Tobin E.F., Abrasion and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Multi-Layer Dip Coated Sol-Gel Coatings on AA2024-T3, Corros. Mater. Degrad, 3, pp. 661-671, (2022); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Frant F., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Ghera C., Cavitation Erosion Characteristics of the EN AW-6082 Aluminum Alloy by TIG Surface Remelting, Materials, 16, (2023); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Cosma D., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Microstructure and Cavitation Damage Characteristics of GX40CrNiSi25-20 Cast Stainless Steel by TIG Surface Remelting, Materials, 16, (2023); Wu L., Yang B., Han X., Ma G., Xu B., Liu Y., Song X., Tan C., The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5083, 6005A and 7N01 Aluminum Alloy Gas Metal Arc-Welded Joints for High-Speed Train: A Comparative Study, Metals, 12, (2022)		MDPI	20754701			Metals	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85163872430
27		Szala M.; Chocyk D.; Skic A.; Kamiński M.; Macek W.; Turek M.	Szala, Miroslaw (56545535000); Chocyk, Dariusz (6603385686); Skic, Anna (57189215547); Kamiński, Mariusz (56896761700); Macek, Wojciech (57205453526); Turek, Marcin (8328158400)	56545535000; 6603385686; 57189215547; 56896761700; 57205453526; 8328158400	Effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the cavitation erosion resistance and cobalt-based solid solution phase transformations of HIPed stellite 6	2021	Materials	14	9	2324				23	10.3390/ma14092324	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105941706&doi=10.3390%2fma14092324&partnerID=40&md5=4c846be7d06977d42697c88c326e5923	From the wide range of engineering materials traditional Stellite 6 (cobalt alloy) exhibits excellent resistance to cavitation erosion (CE). Nonetheless, the influence of ion implantation of cobalt alloys on the CE behaviour has not been completely clarified by the literature. Thus, this work investigates the effect of nitrogen ion implantation (NII) of HIPed Stellite 6 on the improvement of resistance to CE. Finally, the cobalt-rich matrix phase transformations due to both NII and cavitation load were studied. The CE resistance of stellites ion-implanted by 120 keV N+ ions two fluences: 5*1016 cm-2 and 1*1017 cm-2 were comparatively analysed with the unimplanted stellite and AISI 304 stainless steel. CE tests were conducted according to ASTM G32 with stationary specimen method. Erosion rate curves and mean depth of erosion confirm that the nitrogen-implanted HIPed Stellite 6 two times exceeds the resistance to CE than unimplanted stellite, and has almost ten times higher CE reference than stainless steel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that NII of HIPed Stellite 6 favours transformation of the "(hcp) to (fcc) structure. Unimplanted stellite "-rich matrix is less prone to plastic deformation than and consequently, increase of phase effectively holds carbides in cobalt matrix and prevents Cr7C3 debonding. This phenomenon elongates three times the CE incubation stage, slows erosion rate and mitigates the material loss. Metastable structure formed by ion implantation consumes the cavitation load for work-hardening and ! " martensitic transformation. In further CE stages, phases transform as for unimplanted alloy namely, the cavitation-inducted recovery process, removal of strain, dislocations resulting in increase of phase. The CE mechanism was investigated using a surface profilometer, atomic force microscopy, SEM-EDS and XRD. HIPed Stellite 6 wear behaviour relies on the plastic deformation of cobalt matrix, starting at Cr7C3/matrix interfaces. Once the Cr7C3 particles lose from the matrix restrain, they debond from matrix and are removed from the material. Carbides detachment creates cavitation pits which initiate cracks propagation through cobalt matrix, that leads to loss of matrix phase and as a result the CE proceeds with a detachment of massive chunk of materials. © 2021 by the authors.	Cavitation erosion; Cobalt alloy; Damage mechanism; Failure analysis; Ion implantation; Phase transformation; Stellite 6; Wear	Atomic force microscopy; Carbides; Cavitation; Chromium compounds; Cobalt alloys; Erosion; Ion implantation; Ions; Martensitic transformations; Nitrogen; Plastic deformation; Stellite; Strain hardening; X ray diffraction; AISI-304 stainless steel; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cracks propagation; Engineering materials; Mean depth of erosions; Metastable structures; Nitrogen ion implantations; Surface profilometers; Linear transformations	Baumann E., Terry I.R., The EPR: A Clear Step Forward in Dose Reduction and Radiation Protection, Nucl. Eng. 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28		Wang Y.; Darut G.; Poirier T.; Stella J.; Liao H.; Planche M.-P.	Wang, Yan (57215970915); Darut, Geoffrey (25630345300); Poirier, Thierry (7005425879); Stella, Jorge (14124108900); Liao, Hanlin (7201506743); Planche, Marie-Pierre (6701389792)	57215970915; 25630345300; 7005425879; 14124108900; 7201506743; 6701389792	Cavitation erosion of plasma sprayed YSZ coatings produced by feedstocks with different initial sizes	2017	Tribology International	111			226	233	7	17	10.1016/j.triboint.2017.03.019	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015416621&doi=10.1016%2fj.triboint.2017.03.019&partnerID=40&md5=a823c6cd902d866dc652a053db78bc3c	Cavitation erosion of plasma sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia coatings produced by feedstocks with different initial sizes was investigated according to the main guidance of ASTM-G32. Prior to thermal spray, substrates were preheated to 150 and 300 °C. The size distribution of pores on the surface of coatings (as-sprayed and eroded) was estimated specifically to investigate its influences on the surface degradation during cavitation erosion. The results indicate that high feedstock size leads to high porosity of coating and low microhardness along with low resistance against cavitation erosion. Additionally, preheating processes could improve the coating resistance against cavitation erosion. The pore size distribution analysis results reveal that initial pores grow up and coalesce and cavitation pits format during cavitation erosion tests. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd	Cavitation erosion; Size distribution of pore; Surface degradation; YSZ	Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Coatings; Erosion; Feedstocks; Plasma jets; Pore size; Size distribution; Sprayed coatings; Yttria stabilized zirconia; Zirconia; Coating resistance; High porosity; Low resistance; Plasma sprayed; Preheating process; Surface degradation; YSZ coatings; Yttria stabilized zirconia coatings; Plasma spraying	Cernuschi F., Guardamagna C., Capelli S., Lorenzoni L., Mack D.E., Moscatelli A., Solid particle erosion of standard and advanced thermal barrier coatings, Wear, 348-349, pp. 43-51, (2016); Santos R.L.P., Buciumeanu M., Silva F.S., Souza J.C.M., Nascimento R.M., Motta F.V., Et al., Tribological behavior of zirconia-reinforced glass–ceramic composites in artificial saliva, Tribol Int, 103, pp. 379-387, (2016); Yu J., He H., Jian Q., Zhang W., Zhang Y., Yuan W., Tribochemical wear of phosphate laser glass against silica ball in water, Tribol Int, 104, pp. 10-18, (2016); 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29		Chahine G.L.	Chahine, Georges L. (7005740699)	7005740699	Recommended procedures to test the resistance of materials to cavitation erosion	2018	Materials Performance and Characterization	7	5					1	10.1520/MPC20180086	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052986015&doi=10.1520%2fMPC20180086&partnerID=40&md5=bd7d808f947a2e111855d93963dd6d9a	Predicting cavitation erosion under full-scale operating conditions is difficult and relies on laboratory testing using accelerated methods such as ASTM G32-09, Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, and ASTM G134-95, Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet. The main difficulty is that full-scale cavitation intensity is often unknown, and correlating cavitation field characteristics of the accelerated method and the full scale is not obvious. The problem is more acute for compliant polymeric coatings, used for protection or repair of parts subject to cavitation. Extensive testing of such materials shows that, unlike metallic surfaces, they are highly resistant to low-intensity cavitation but fail catastrophically when the intensity exceeds a certain threshold. Such behavior creates the risk of accepting a candidate coating for its resistance to cavitation if the coating was tested at a low cavitation intensity not representative of the application field conditions. This highlights the need to conduct tests with a range of cavitation intensities rather than a single intensity. This article uses results from extensive tests under various forms of cavitation to propose a generalized definition of cavitation intensity. It then presents data on the response of both metals and polymeric coatings to various levels of accelerated cavitation. A new method to test the coatings at varying cavitation intensities is then presented. Such tests provide maps of material resistance to different levels of cavitation and are helpful to make an informed decision. The tests also show that during cavitation exposure, the coatings are subjected not only to mechanical stress but also to significant heating, which dynamically modifies their properties during the exposure. Temperature rise in the coating when exposed to cavitation is directly connected to the cavitation intensity to which it is exposed, and this interaction needs to be considered. Copyright © 2018 by ASTM International,	Cavitation intensity; Coatings; Erosion; Heating; Testing; Weight loss	Coatings; Erosion; Heating; Polymers; Testing; Accelerated method; Cavitating liquid jet; Cavitation intensity; Material resistance; Operating condition; Polymeric coatings; Standard test method; Weight loss; Cavitation	Knapp R.T., Daily J.W., Hammitt F.G., Cavitation, (1978); Hammitt F.G., Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Phenomena, (1980); Morch K.A., Cavitation Inception from Bubble Nuclei, Interface Focus, 5, 5, (2015); Chahine G.L., Nuclei Effects on Cavitation Inception and Noise, The 25th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, St. John’S, pp. 77-90, (2004); Brennen C.E., Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, (1995); Young F.R., Cavitation, (1989); Kim K.-H., Chahine G.L., Franc J.-P., Karimi A., Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 106, (2014); Chahine G.L., Kalumuck K., BEM Software for Free Surface Flow Simulation Including Fluid-Structure Interaction Effects, Int. 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30		Taillon G.; Onishi K.; Mineshima T.; Miyagawa K.	Taillon, G. (55820536700); Onishi, K. (57208131591); Mineshima, T. (57208127275); Miyagawa, K. (7101610882)	55820536700; 57208131591; 57208127275; 7101610882	Statistical analysis of cavitation erosion impacts in a vibratory apparatus with copulas	2019	IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science	240	6	62035				4	10.1088/1755-1315/240/6/062035	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063933812&doi=10.1088%2f1755-1315%2f240%2f6%2f062035&partnerID=40&md5=bc5f87dd6f9c591d877dda750f73847b	A method of analysis of cavitation peaks (impact events) using copulas is developed. Impact events, otherwise known as peaks, are defined as maximum in the pressure amplitude applied to a material surface. These impact events were measured using a high speed pressure sensor in a cavitation apparatus based on the ASTM G32 standard. A total of 46180 impacts were measured over 100 realizations of 4ms long recording. First, the impact duration and amplitude's joint marginals are modeled as gamma distribution (part of the exponential family), determined by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS test). Then, copulas enable the study of the dependence structure of the measured impacts characteristics. The measured parameters are shown to not be independent but instead have a complex, asymmetric dependence structure. There are almost no impacts that have a combination of a high amplitude (>12MPa) and low duration (<5μs). The Tawn copula best fitted the data, as determined by a maximum likelihood method. An extension of the KS test to two dimensions demonstrated that the copula is a better fit compared with a joint distribution of independent marginals. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.		Cavitation; Computational complexity; Maximum likelihood; Dependence structures; Exponential family; Gamma distribution; Joint distributions; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Maximum likelihood methods; Measured parameters; Pressure amplitudes; Hydraulic machinery	Kim K.-H., Chahine G., Franc J.-P., Karimi A., Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, 106, (2014); Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra S.K., Cavitation Erosion in Hydraulic Turbine Components and Mitigation by Coatings: Current Status and Future Needs, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 21, 7, pp. 1539-1551, (2012); Hattori S., Hirose T., Sugiyama K., Prediction method for cavitation erosion based on measurement of bubble collapse impact loads, Wear, 269, 7-8, pp. 507-514, (2010); Franc J.P., Riondet M., Karimi A., Chahine G.L., Impact load measurements in an erosive cavitating flow, J. 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Symp. on Ballistics, pp. 541-547, (1983); Balakrishnan N., Lai C.-D., Continuous Bivariate Distributions, (2009); Joe H., Dependence Modeling with Copulas, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); Joe H., Multivariate Models and Dependence Concepts, (1997); Nelsen R.B., An Introduction to Copulas, 42, (2006); Lehmann E.L., Romano J.P., Testing Statistical Hypotheses, (2005); Delignette-Muller M.L., Dutang C., Fitdistrplus: An R Package for Fitting Distributions, J. Stat. Soft., 64, 4, pp. 1-34, (2015); Jones E., Oliphant E., Peterson P., Et al., SciPy: Open Source Scientific Tools for Python, (2001); Hofert M., Kojadinovic I., Maechler M., Yan J., Copula: Multivariate Dependence with Copulas R Package Version 0, pp. 918-999, (2017); Yan J., Enjoy the Joy of Copulas: With a Package copula, J. Stats Soft., 21, pp. 1-21, (2007); Kojadinovic I., Yan J., Modeling Multivariate Distributions with Continuous Margins Using the copula R Package, J. Stats Soft., 34, pp. 1-20, (2010); Hofert M., Maechler M., Nested Archimedean Copulas Meet R: The nacopula Package, J. Stats Soft., 39, pp. 1-20, (2011); Schepsmeier U., Stoeber J., Brechmann E.C., Graeler B., Nagler T., Erhardt T., VineCopula: Statistical Inference of Vine Copulas R Package Version 2.1.4, (2018); Bernard C., Czado C., Conditional quantiles and tail dependence, J. Multivar. Anal., 138, pp. 104-126, (2015); Eschenburg P., Properties of Extreme-value Copulas, (2013); Law A.M., Kelton W.D., Simulation Modeling and Analysis, (2007); Peacock J.A., Two-dimensional goodness-of-fit testing in astronomy, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 202, 3, pp. 615-627, (1983); Fasano G., Franceschini A., A multidimensional version of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 225, 1, pp. 155-170, (1987); Press W.H., Teukolsky S.A., Vetterling W.T., Flannery B.P., Numerical Recipes in C, 2, (1996)		Institute of Physics Publishing	17551307			IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85063933812
31		Genna S.; Leone C.; Mingione E.; Rubino G.	Genna, Silvio (55813259300); Leone, Claudio (7101722138); Mingione, Emanuele (57219352410); Rubino, Gianluca (57220697866)	55813259300; 7101722138; 57219352410; 57220697866	Surface treatments for the improvement of mechanical and cavitation resistance of Al 6082 alloy	2023	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	129	11-Dec		5149	5165	16	0	10.1007/s00170-023-12411-z	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176936262&doi=10.1007%2fs00170-023-12411-z&partnerID=40&md5=ef346fc2fba151a27ccba77078d56545	Nowadays, naval propellers are made in Ni-Al or Mn-Al bronzes, which are affected by high cavitation erosion. In this study, the possibility of adopting 6xxx alloy with different superficial treatments obtained through fluidised beds and laser surface texturing was investigated. 6xxx alloy series is known for its versatility due to an excellent mix of mechanical and physical properties, combined with ease of processing, welding, and good chemical resistance; however, its main drawback is low resistance to cavitation erosion. In this study, a total of 4 different surface treatments were produced and characterized such as fluidised bed coatings (Al2O3, S280) and laser textured samples (0–30% overlap). Moreover, the effect of a heat-treatment was evaluated for each kind of specimen analysed. The study was divided into two steps: in the first phase, the samples were morphologically and mechanically characterised through roughness measurements, micro-hardness, scratch, wear, and wettability tests. Successively, a modified ASTM-G32-10 standard was adopted to assess the cavitation erosion resistance; in particular, for each sample, mass and volume loss were analysed and compared to the as-built sample. Results showed a drastic reduction of the wear evaluated through pin-on-disk tests with the application of the high hardness coatings (Al2O3, S280) while a reduction of the cavitation erosion volume of about 20% lower was obtained through the best laser texturing treatment. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.	AA6082; Cavitation erosion; Coatings; Fluidised bed; Surface treatments	Alumina; Aluminum alloys; Aluminum oxide; Binary alloys; Bronze; Cavitation; Fluidization; Fluidized beds; Manganese alloys; Microhardness; Textures; Wear of materials; % reductions; 6xxx alloys; Aa6082; Al bronze; Bed surface; Cavitation resistance; Fluidised bed; Laser surface texturing; Mechanical resistance; Superficial treatments; Erosion	Chowdhury S.G., Mondal A., Gubicza J., Krallics G., Fodor A., Evolution of microstructure and texture in an ultrafine-grained Al6082 alloy during severe plastic deformation, Mater Sci Eng A, 490, pp. 335-342, (2008); Sabirov I., Yang C., Mullins J., Hodgson P.D., A theoretical study of the structure-property relations in ultra-fine metallic materials with fractal microstructures, Mater Sci Eng A, 559, pp. 543-548, (2013); Karupannasamy D.K., SasiKumar K.S.K., Shankar S., Experimental and numerical analysis of impact strength of Al6082 for automotive structural applications, Mater Today Proc, 33, pp. 2863-2867, (2020); 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English Lett, 30, pp. 712-720, (2017); Tang C.H., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of a copper-based propeller alloy by laser surface melting, Surf Coatings Technol, 182, pp. 300-307, (2004); Basumatary J., Nie M., Wood R.J.K., The synergistic effects of cavitation erosion–corrosion in ship propeller materials, J Bio- Tribo-Corrosion, 1, pp. 1-12, (2015); Atzeni E., Genna S., Menna E., Rubino G., Salmi A., Trovalusci F., Surface finishing of additive manufactured ti-6al-4v alloy: a comparison between abrasive fluidized bed and laser finishing, Materials (Basel), 14, (2021); Baiocco G., Rubino G., Ucciardello N., Heat treatment of AZ91 magnesium alloy coated with an Al2O3 thin film with fluidized bed technology, Materials, 12, (2019)		Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH	2683768		IJATE	Int J Adv Manuf Technol	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85176936262
32		Hyun K.; Kim S.-J.	Hyun, Koangyong (57038306000); Kim, Seong-Jong (34769651100)	57038306000; 34769651100	Cavitation and electrochemical characteristics in seawater by water cavitation peening of 5083-o al alloy for ships	2017	Surface Review and Letters	24	6	1750076				3	10.1142/S0218625X17500767	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85007428033&doi=10.1142%2fS0218625X17500767&partnerID=40&md5=41a33131bbce7661e6f31eb235435f75	Aluminum (Al) alloy ships are vulnerable to both damage from chlorine ions in seawater environments and cavitation-erosion due to fast relative motion of metal and liquid resulting from lightweight and high-speed vessels moving through seawater. These corrosive processes cause damage to the hulls of ships, resulting in large economic losses. Recently, cavitation peening technology to improve the durability of a material has been in development. The technology works by forming compressive residual stress on the surface layer of the material in order to improve fatigue strength and fatigue life. In this study, we performed a water cavitation peening (WCP) on a 5083-O Al alloy for ships by applying an ultrasonic piezoelectric effect and cavitation effect, as described in ASTM-G32. From these experiments, we determined an optimum WCP duration, 2.5min, for sufficient cavitation resistance characteristics. This timing improved cavitation resistance by 48.68% compared to the untreated condition. A comprehensive comparison of all of results revealed that the optimum WCP duration was 3min with respect to the point of cavitation and corrosion resistance. © 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company.	Al alloy ships; cavitation; corrosion resistance; water cavitation peening	Aluminum; Aluminum alloys; Cavitation; Corrosion; Corrosion resistance; Fatigue of materials; Losses; Piezoelectricity; Residual stresses; Seawater; Ships; Al alloy ships; Cavitation resistance; Comprehensive comparisons; Compressive residual stress; Electrochemical characteristics; High speed vessels; Seawater environment; Water cavitation peening; Hulls (ship)	Kim S., Hyun K., Jang S., Curr. Appl. Phys, 12, (2012); Wanger L., Mater. Sci. Eng. A Struct. Mater, 263, (1999); Jones I.R., Edward D.H., J. Fluid Mech, 7, (1960); McCormick B.W., J. Basic Eng, 84, (1962); Momma T., Lichtarowicz A., Wear, 425, pp. 186-187, (1995); Soyama H., Lichtarowicz A., Momma T., ASME FED, 236, (1996); Oguchi K., Enoki M., Hirata N., Mater. Trans, 56, (2015); Chen J., Han B., Li B., Shen Z., Lu J., Ni X., J. Appl. Phys, 109, (2011); Philipp A., Lauterborn W., J. Fluid Mech, 361, (1988); Tomlinson W.J., Moule R.T., Blount G.N., Wear, 118, (1987); Soyama H., Kikuch T., Mall S., Tribol. Lett, 17, (2004); Han B., Ju D.Y., Jia W.P., Appl Surf. Sci, 253, (2007); Rajesh N., Ramesh B.N., J. Produc. Eng, 86, (2005); Sato M., Takakuwa O., Nakai M., Niinomi M., Takeo F., Soyama H., Mater. Sci. Appl, 7, (2016); Takakuwa O., Soyama H., Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 37, (2012); Soyama H., Takeo F., J. Mater. Process. Technol, 227, (2016); Brujan E.A., Ikeda T., Matsumoto Y., Exp. Therm. Fluid. Sci, 32, (2008); Abdullah A., Malaki M., Baghizadeh E., Proc. IMechE C J. Mech. Eng. Sci, 226, (2011); Kim G.H., Master's Thesis, A Study on Surface Hardering of Carbon Steels by Shot Peening, (2009)		World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd	0218625X		SRLEF	Surf. Rev. Lett.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85007428033
33		Pola A.; Montesano L.; Tocci M.; La Vecchia G.M.	Pola, Annalisa (8616888900); Montesano, Lorenzo (36806747600); Tocci, Marialaura (55797597700); La Vecchia, Giovina Marina (7004576430)	8616888900; 36806747600; 55797597700; 7004576430	Influence of ultrasound treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi7 alloy	2017	Materials	10	3	256				33	10.3390/ma10030256	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015072856&doi=10.3390%2fma10030256&partnerID=40&md5=724e6b2645bbd2233021c7ddbdab08bd	Ultrasound treatment of liquid aluminum alloys is known to improve mechanical properties of castings. Aluminum foundry alloys are frequently used for production of parts that undergo severe cavitation erosion phenomena during service. In this paper, the effect of the ultrasound treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi7 alloy was assessed and compared to that of conventionally cast samples. Cavitation erosion tests were performed according to ASTM G32 standard on as-cast and heat treated castings. The response of the alloy in each condition was investigated by measuring the mass loss as a function of cavitation time and by analyzing the damaged surfaces by means of optical and scanning electron microscope. It was pointed out that the ultrasound treatment increases the cavitation erosion resistance of the alloy, as a consequence of the higher chemical and microstructural homogeneity, the finer grains and primary particles and the refined structure of the eutectic induced by the treatment itself. © 2017 by the authors.	AlSi7; Cavitation erosion; SEM; Ultrasound treatment	Aluminum; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Scanning electron microscopy; Ultrasonics; AlSi7; Aluminum foundries; Cavitation erosion resistance; Conventionally casts; Microstructural homogeneity; Primary particles; Refined structures; Ultrasound treatments; Aluminum alloys	Davis J.R., Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, pp. 1-97, (1999); Plesset M.S., Chapman R.B., Collapse of an Initially Spherical Vapour Cavity in the Neighbourhood of a Solid Boundary, J. Fluid Mech, 47, pp. 283-290, (1971); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion of face centered cubic metals, Met. Trans, 8, pp. 915-923, (1977); Lush P.A., Impact of a liquid mass on a perfectly plastic solid, J. Fluid Mech, 135, pp. 373-387, (1983); Thiruvengadam A., A Comparative Evaluation of Cavitation Damage Test Devices, (1964); Jayaprakash A., Choi J.K., Chahine G.L., Martin F., Donnelly M., Franc J.P., Karimi A., Scaling study of cavitation pitting from cavitating jets and ultrasonic horns, Wear, 296, pp. 619-629, (2012); Vaidya S., Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion of age-hardenable aluminum alloys, Metall. Trans. A, 9, pp. 299-307, (1978); Li X.Y., Yan Y.G., Ma L., Xu Z.M., Li J.G., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behavior of copper-manganese-aluminum alloy weldment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 382, pp. 82-89, (2004); Rao B.C.S., Buckley D.H., Deformation and erosion of F.C.C. metals and alloys under cavitation attack, Mater. Sci. Eng, 67, pp. 55-67, (1984); Ariely S., Khentov A., Erosion corrosion of pump impeller of cyclic cooling water system, Eng. Fail. Anal, 13, pp. 925-932, (2006); Trethewey K.R., Haley T.J., Clark C.C., Effect of ultrasonically induced cavitation on corrosion behaviour of a copper-manganese-aluminium alloy, Br. Corros. J, 23, pp. 55-60, (1988); Hucinska J., Glowacka M., Cavitation erosion of copper and copper-based alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 32, pp. 1325-1333, (2001); Wade E.H.R., Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion of iron and steel, Metall. Trans. A, 9, pp. 1299-1310, (1978); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Ball A., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, pp. 311-327, (1982); Bregliozzi G., di Schino A., Ahmed S.I.U., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergistic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of various engineering alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 290, pp. 145-154, (2000); Dos Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Leung L.K., Effect of temperature, pH and sulphide on the cavitation erosion behavior of super duplex stainless steel, Wear, 211, pp. 84-93, (1997); Wu S.K., Lin H.C., Yeh C.H., A comparison of the cavitation erosion resistance of TiNi alloys, SUS304 stainless steel and Ni-based self-fluxing alloy, Wear, 244, pp. 85-93, (2000); Heathcock C.J., Ball A., Protheroe B.E., Cavitation erosion of cobalt-based Stellite® alloys, cemented carbides and surface-treated low alloy steels, Wear, 74, pp. 11-26, (1981); Richman R.H., Rao A.S., Hodgson D.E., Cavitation erosion of two NiTi alloys, Wear, 157, pp. 401-407, (1992); Neville A., McDougall B.A.B., Erosion-and cavitation-corrosion of titanium and its alloys, Wear, 250, pp. 726-735, (2001); Feller H.G., Kharrazi Y., Cavitation erosion of metals and alloys, Wear, 93, pp. 249-2606, (1984); Mochizuki H., Yokota M., Hattori S., Effects of materials and solution temperatures on cavitation erosion of pure titanium and titanium alloy in seawater, Wear, 262, pp. 522-528, (2007); Stinebring D.R., Arndt R.E.A., Holl J.W., Scaling of Cavitation Damage, J. Hydronaut, 11, pp. 67-73, (1977); Lee S.J., Kim K.H., Kim S.J., Surface analysis of Al-Mg alloy series for ship after cavitation test, Surf. Interface Anal, 44, pp. 1389-1392, (2011); Rao B.C.S., Buckley D.H., Erosion of aluminum 6061-T6 under cavitation attack in mineral oil and water, Wear, 105, pp. 171-182, (1985); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron and nonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Laguna-Camacho J.R., Lewis R., Vite-Torres M., Mendez-Mendez J.V., A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301, pp. 467-476, (2013); Kaufman J.G., Aluminum Casting Alloy: Properties, Processes, and Applications, Aluminum Casting Alloy: Properties, pp. 17-20, (2004); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloys, J. Mater. Sci, 29, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Dybowski B., Szala M., Kielbus T., Hejwowski, Microstructural phenomena occurring during early stages of cavitation erosion of Al-Si aluminium casting alloys, Solid State Phenom, 227, pp. 255-258, (2015); Lupinca C.I., Nedeloni M.D., Comparative study regarding the cavitation erosion behavior of Cu and Al alloys, IJLRST, 3, pp. 95-99, (2014); Maksimovic V.M., Devecerski A.B., Dosen A., Bobic I., Eric M.D., Volkov-Husovic T., Comparative study on cavitation erosion resistance of A356 alloy and A356FA5 composite, Trans. Indian. Inst. Met, pp. 1-9, (2016); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloy matrix/ceramic composites, J. Mater. Sci. Lett, 13, pp. 170-173, (1994); Cosic M., Dojcinovic M., Acimovic-Pavlovic Z., Fabrication and behaviour of Al-Si/SiC composite in cavitation conditions, Int. J. Cast Met. Res, 27, pp. 49-55, (2014); Pola A., Montesano L., Sinagra C., Gelfi M., La Vecchia G.M., Effect of globular microstructure on cavitation erosion resistance of aluminium alloys, Solid State Phenom, 256, pp. 51-57, (2016); Arrighini A., Gelfi M., Pola A., Roberti R., Effect of ultrasound treatment of AlSi5 liquid alloy on corrosion resistance, Mater. Corros, 61, pp. 218-221, (2010); Eskin G.I., Eskin G.D., Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts, pp. 75-181, (2015); Naji Meidani A.R., Hasan M., A study of hydrogen bubble growth during ultrasonic degassing of Al-Cu alloy melts, J. Mater. Process. Technol, 147, pp. 311-332, (2004); Abramov O.V., Action of high intensity ultrasound on solidifying metal, Ultrasonics, 25, pp. 73-82, (1987); Pola A., Montesano L., Gelfi M., Roberti R., La Vecchia G.M., Aluminum segregation in ZA27 rheocast alloy, Solid State Phenom, 217-218, pp. 75-82, (2014); Abramov V.O., Abramov O.V., Straumal B.B., Gust W., Hypereutectic Al-Si based alloys with a thixotropic microstructure produced by ultrasonic treatment, Mater. Des, 18, pp. 323-326, (1997); Pola A., Roberti R., Bertoli E., Furloni D., Design and production of new aluminum thixotropic alloys for the manufacture of structural components by semisolid die casting, Solid State Phenom, 116-117, pp. 58-63, (2006); Montesano L., Tocci M., Cosio D., Pola A., Trattamento ad ultrasuoni in tazza per migliorare la qualità dei getti colati in conchiglia, Proceedings of the XXXIII Congresso Nazionale di Fonderia, (2016); Determination of Grain Size, (1988); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); Puga H., Barbosa J., Costa S., Ribeiro S., Pinto A.M.P., Prokic M., Influence of indirect ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al-Si-Cu alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 560, pp. 589-595, (2013); Abramov V., Abramov O., Bulgakov V., Sommer F., Solidification of aluminium alloys under ultrasonic irradiation using water-cooled resonator, Mater. Lett, 37, pp. 27-34, (1998); Youn J.I., Kang B.I., Ko D.G., Kim Y.J., Effects of sonoprocessing on microstructure and mechanical properties of A390 aluminium alloy, Int. J. Cast. Met. Res, 21, pp. 135-138, (2008); Gao X.P., Li X.T., Qie X.W., Wu Y.P., Li X.M., Li T.J., Effect of high-intensity ultrasound on restraining solute segregation in Al-Si alloy casting process, Acta Phys. Sin, 56, pp. 1188-1194, (2007); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, Int. Mater. Rev, 31, pp. 1-26, (1986); Sjolander E., Seifeddine S., The heat treatment of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloys, J. Mater. Process. Technol, 210, pp. 1249-1259, (2010); Chen H., Li J., Chen D., Wang J., Damages on steel surface at the incubation stage of the vibration cavitation erosion in water, Wear, 265, pp. 692-698, (2008)		MDPI AG	19961944			Mater.	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85015072856
34		Ronzani A.G.; Pukasiewicz A.G.M.; da Silva Custodio R.M.; de Vasconcelos G.; de Oliveira A.C.C.	Ronzani, Antonio Guilherme (57216867528); Pukasiewicz, Anderson Geraldo Marenda (6504614452); da Silva Custodio, Renan Michel (57216852958); de Vasconcelos, Getúlio (6506495365); de Oliveira, Ana Claudia Costa (57198475635)	57216867528; 6504614452; 57216852958; 6506495365; 57198475635	Cavitation resistance of tungsten carbide applied on AISI 1020 steel by HVOF and remelted with CO2 laser	2020	Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering	42	6	316				1	10.1007/s40430-020-02382-7	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085032687&doi=10.1007%2fs40430-020-02382-7&partnerID=40&md5=44fa197af40e6b15a2c08b0937ff0ef9	In engineering, there are major concerns about cavitation wear, as well as erosion, caused by the transport of abrasive sediments in hydraulic installations, like pumps and turbines, due to the damage these phenomena can cause in pumping stations and hydroelectric plants. Several studies are proposed to reduce this problem, like component design alteration and deposition of coatings with different materials that can be optimized for different wear issues. The objective of this work was to characterize and analyze the cavitation erosion of AISI 1020 steel samples coated with WC10Co4Cr deposited by high-velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) and laser-remelted with CO2 laser beam to evaluate the influence of this process in the cavitation erosion resistance of the coating. Microstructure, before and after laser treatment, was analyzed by means of optical and scanning electronical microscopy with SEM/EDS, indicated the metallurgical bonding between substrate and coating and a thickness reduction in the initial coating sprayed by HVOF of 100–35 µm after laser irradiation, with an enhanced coating hardness (20%) near the surface. The cavitation erosion resistance evaluated using vibratory ultrasonic equipment, according ASTM G32-92 standard, indicated a reduction of 40% after laser treatment. This performance could be attributed to the surface densification of the HVOF-sprayed coating. © 2020, The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering.	Abrasive wear; Coating; HVOF; Laser; Thermal spraying	Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide lasers; Cavitation; Erosion; Fuels; Hydraulic motors; Laser beams; Sprayed coatings; Tungsten carbide; Wear of materials; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation resistance; Coating hardness; High velocity oxy fuel; Hydroelectric plant; Metallurgical bonding; Surface densification; Thickness reduction; HVOF thermal spraying	Brennem C.E., Cavitation bubble collapse, Cavitation and bubble dynamics, pp. 79-112, (1995); Ciubotariu C., Frunzaverde D., Optimization of the laser remelting process for HVOF-sprayed Stellite 6 wear resistant coatings, Opt Laser Technol, 77, pp. 98-103, (2016); Henn A.L., Máquinas de Fluxo, (2006); Haller K.K., Ventikos Y., Poulikakos D., Wave structure in the contact region during high speed droplet impact on a surface: solution of the Reimann problem for the stiffened gas equation state, J Appl Phys V, 93, pp. 3090-3097, (2003); Brenne C.E., Cavitation and bubble dynamics, (1995); Mohamed F., Contribution a l'étude de l'érosion de cavitation: Mécanismes hydrodynamiques et prédiction École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (1994); Chiu K.Y., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Laser cladding of austenitic stainless steel using NiTi strips for resisting cavitation erosion, Mater Sci Eng, A, 402, 1-2, pp. 126-134, (2005); Cui Z.D., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Yue T.M., Cavitation erosion–corrosion characteristics of laser surface modified NiTi shape memory alloy, Surface Coat Technol, 162, 2-3, pp. 147-153, (2003); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation erosion–corrosion behavior of laser surface alloyed AISI1050 mild steel using NiCrSiB, Mater Sci Eng, A, 303, 1-2, pp. 250-261, (2001); Hiraga H., Inoue T., Shimura H., Matsunawa A., Cavitation erosion mechanism of NiTi coatings made by laser plasma hybrid spraying, Wear, 231, 2, pp. 272-278, (1999); Hea X., Songa R.G., Kong D.J., Microstructures and properties of Ni/TiC/La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reinforced Al based composite coatings by laser cladding, Opt Laser Technol, 117, pp. 18-22, (2019); Tewolde M., Fu G., Hwang J.D., Et al., Thermoeletric device fabrication using thermal spray and laser micromachining, J Therm Spray Technol, 25, pp. 431-440, (2015); Tewolde M., Zhang T., Et al., Laser processing of multilayered thermal spray coatings: optimal processing parameters, J Therm Spray Technol, 26, pp. 1994-2004, (2017); Wu H., Kong D., Effects of laser power on friction–wear performances of laser thermal sprayed Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>–NiCr composite coatings at elevated temperatures, Opt Laser Technol, 117, pp. 227-238, (2019); Chikarakara E., Aqida S., Et al., Surface modification of HVOF thermal sprayed WC–Co–Cr coating by laser treatment, Int J Mater Form, 186, pp. 801-804, (2010)		Springer	16785878			J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85085032687
35	Bordeasu	Riemschneider E.; Bordeașu I.; Mitelea I.; Uțu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.	Riemschneider, Eduard (57201083855); Bordeașu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Uțu, Ion-Dragoș (6508248410); Crăciunescu, Cornelius Marius (6603971254)	57201083855; 13409573100; 16309955100; 6508248410; 6603971254	THE EFFECT OF PLASMA NITRIDING ON CAVITATION EROSION RESISTANCE OF GRAY CAST IRON WITH LAMELLAR GRAPHITE, EN-GJL-200	2021	METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings				520	524	4	0	10.37904/metal.2021.4137	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124362088&doi=10.37904%2fmetal.2021.4137&partnerID=40&md5=fe36a1927213098b3d5d44f98952528b	Numerous engineering components which are in contact with liquid environments that are working under pressure can be degraded by cavitation erosion. The present paper study the improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite and pearlite microstructure by applying the nitriding thermochemical treatment. The cavitation tests were carried out on a vibratory device with piezoceramic crystals in accordance with ASTM G32 - 2016 standard. The material degradation is demonstrated by mass loss and erosion rate variation depending on the cavitation attack period. As reference material it was considered the same type of gray cast iron, subjected to softening annealing treatment. The eroded surface was examined by optical and scanning electronic microscopy. © 2021 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.	Cavitation erosion; Grey cast iron; Plasma nitriding	Aluminum nitride; Cast iron; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Graphite; Nitriding; Nitrogen plasma; Plasma applications; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Engineering components; Gray cast iron; Liquid environment; Mass loss rate; Materials degradation; Piezo-ceramics; Plasma nitriding; Thermochemical treatments; Vibratory devices; Cavitation	MITELEA I., Stiinta Materialelor, II, (2010); NIE X., WANG L., YAO Z., ZHANG L., CHENG F., Surface quality of gray cast iron in the context of nitriding and oxygen-sulphur nitriding, Surface and Coating Technology, 200, pp. 1745-1750, (2005); KARAMIS M.B., YILDIZLI K., Surface modification of nodular cast iron: A comparative study on a graphite elimination, Materials Science and Engineering, 527, pp. 5225-5229, (2010); Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test, (2016); BORDEASU I., Monografia Laboratorului de cercetare a eroziunii prin cavitatie al Universitatii Politehnica Timisoara (1960-2020), (2020); RIEMSCHNEIDER E., BORDEASU I., MITELEA I., UTU I.D., Cavitation erosion of grey cast iron with pearlite microstructure, International Conference on Metallurgy and materials (Metal-2017), pp. 985-990, (2018); BORDEASU I., MICU L.M., MITELEA I., UTU I.D., PIRVULESCU L.D., SARBU N.A., Cavitation erosion of HVOF metal-ceramic composite coatings deposited onto Duplex stainless steel substrate, Revista de Materiale Plastice, 54, 4, pp. 781-786, (2016); PARK I.C., LEE H.K., KIM S.J., Microstructure and cavitation damage characteristics of surface treated gray cast iron by plasma ion nitriding, Applied Surface Science, 47731, pp. 147-153, (2019)		TANGER Ltd.		978-808729499-4		METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Met. Mater., Conf. Proc.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85124362088
36		Montesano L.; Pola A.; La Vecchia G.M.	Montesano, L. (36806747600); Pola, A. (8616888900); La Vecchia, G.M. (7004576430)	36806747600; 8616888900; 7004576430	Cavitation-erosion resistance of three zinc-aluminum alloy for bearing application	2016	Metallurgia Italiana	108	11		25	30	5	0		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013786292&partnerID=40&md5=b3068eba750e3907d5eb34d69152679a	Zinc alloys are known as good competitors of copper alloys for some tribological applications, in both lubricated and dry conditions. In presence of lubricant, cavitation erosion phenomenon can occur, increasing the damaging of the part. In this paper a comparative study of the erosion resistance of an innovative (ZnAI15Cu1Mg) and two commercial Zn-AI alloys (ZA27 and Alzen305) is presented. Cavitation erosion tests were executed according to ASTM G32 on cast samples and the response of cach material was 055c55cd by measuring the worn volume as a function of cavitation time and by analyzing the damaged surfaces by means of optical and scanning electron microscope. It was pointed out that the new ZnAM 5Cu1Mg guarantees better resistance than the traditional ZA27 and Alzen305 as a consequence of the different microstructure.		Cavitation; Erosion; Scanning electron microscopy; Zinc; Zinc alloys; Cavitation erosion resistance; Comparative studies; Damaged surfaces; Dry condition; Erosion resistance; Tribological applications; Zinc aluminum alloy; Aluminum alloys	Hanna M.D., Carter J.T., Kashid M.S., Wear, 203-209, pp. 11-21, (1997); Abou El-Khair M.T., Daoud A., Ismail A., Mater. Lett., 58, pp. 1754-1760, (2004); Pola A., Montesano L., Gelfi M., La Vecchia G.M., Wear, 368-369, pp. 444-452, (2016); Purcek G., Savaskan T., Kucukomeroglu T., Murphy S., Wear, 252, 11-12, pp. 894-901, (2002); Yan S., Xie J., Liu Z., Wang W., Wang A., Li J., J.Mater. Sci. Technol., 26, 7, pp. 648-652, (2010); Apelian D., Paliwal M., Herrschaft D.C., JOM, pp. 12-20, (1981); Rollez D., Pola A., Prenger F., World of Metallurgy - Er- Zmetall, 68, 6, pp. 354-358, (2015); Prasad B.K., Patwardhan A.K., Yegneswaran A.H., Wear, 199, pp. 142-151, (1996); Pola A., La Vecchia G.M., Gelfi M., Montesano L., Metall. Ital., 4, pp. 37-41, (2015); Savaskan T., Hekimoglu A.P., Int. J. Mater. Res., 107, 7, pp. 646-652, (2016); Kubel E.J., Expanding horizons for ZA alloys, Adv. Mat. Proc., pp. 51-57, (1987); AItorfer K.J., Metal Prog., 122, 6, pp. 29-31, (1982); Lee P.P., Savasakan T., Laufer E., Wear, 117, pp. 79-89, (1987); ASM Handbook, 3, (1992); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Arrighini A., Gelfi M., Pola A., Roberti R., Mater. Corros., 61, 3, pp. 218-221, (2010); Durman M., Murphy S., J. Mater. Sci., 32, pp. 1603-1611, (1997); Savaskan T., Hekimoglu A.P., Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct., 603, pp. 52-57, (2014); Vaidya S., Preece C.M., Metall. Trans. A, 9 A, pp. 299-307, (1978); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Int. Mater. Rev., 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Chakrabarti K., Casting Technology and Cast Alloys, (2005); Shreir L.L., Corrosion: Metal/Environment Reactions, (1976); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., J. Mater. Sci., 29, 4, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Met. Trans. A, 8, pp. 915-923, (1977); Hucinska J., Glowacka M., Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 32, 6, pp. 1325-1333, (2001)		Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia	260843		MITLA	Metall. Ital.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85013786292
37		Ghera C.; Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Crǎciunescu C.	Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Crǎciunescu, Corneliu (6603971254)	57038932100; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6603971254	Cavitation erosion behavior of laser nitrided 34CrNiMo6 alloyed steel	2016	METAL 2016 - 25th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings				706	711	5	2		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010739189&partnerID=40&md5=1ab8a0321a9ea66bd91b84174cb8c114	Some surface treatments that apply to the hydraulic equipment components, which operated at high hydrodynamic loads, in which appear the phenomenon of erosion by cavitation, shall be listed and laser nitriding. Before that operation, the steel was undergone thermal annealing treatments for improving machinability cutting, followed by martensitic quenching and a tempering to high temperature. By changing the laser beam power are changes the layer thickness enriched in nitrogen and thus the resistance to erosion by cavitation. The cavitation tests, carried out in accordance with the requirements of ASTM G32-2010 standards, followed by hardness measurements with micro-hardness HV0.3 and optical and electronic metallographic investigations, justifies the increasing resistances to erosion by cavitation of nitrided layer, compared with the volume heat treatment.	34CrNiMo6 steel; Erosion by cavitation; Laser nitriding	Erosion; Hardness; Heat resistance; Hydraulic machinery; Laser beams; Martensitic steel; Metallurgy; Metals; Microhardness; Nitriding; 34CrNiMo6; Hardness measurement; High temperature; Hydrodynamic loads; Laser beam power; Laser nitriding; Layer thickness; Thermal annealing treatment; Cavitation	Mitelea I., Tillmann W., Ştiinţa Materialelor, 1, (2007); Ghera C., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Effect of Heat Treatment on the Surfaces Topography Tested at the Cavitation Erosion from Steel 16MnCr5, Advanced Materials Resear., 1111, pp. 85-90, (2015); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Micu L.M., Oanca V.O., Bordeasu D., Punga A., Bordeasu C., Laser beam treatment effect on AMPCO M4 bronze cavitation erosion resistance, Materials Science and Engineering, 85, pp. 1-10, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus		TANGER Ltd.		978-808729467-3		METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.	Conference paper	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85010739189
38		Jasionowski R.; Zasada D.; Polkowski W.	Jasionowski, Robert (55210863600); Zasada, Dariusz (23988178500); Polkowski, Wojciech (56503456000)	55210863600; 23988178500; 56503456000	The evaluation of the cavitational damage in MgAl2Si alloy using various laboratory stands	2016	Solid State Phenomena	252			61	70	9	1	10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.252.61	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979258031&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fSSP.252.61&partnerID=40&md5=bac0e743824be65a21c508c84d7bcd78	Evaluation of cavitation erosion resistance of is carried out by using various testing stands, that differ by the way of cavitation excitation and its intensity. These various testing conditions have led to a standardization of some part of laboratory stands, that in turn allows a direct comparison of results obtained in different laboratories. The aim of this study was to determine the course of cavitational destruction of MgAl2Si alloy samples tested on three different laboratory stands. The research was conducted on a vibration stand according to ASTM G32, where cavitation is forced by the vibrating element; in the cavitation tunnel reflecting actual flow conditions, and on a jet impact stand- simulating the impact microjet in the final phase of the cavitational bubbles implosion. Each laboratory stand has given a different course of cavitational destruction. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.	cavitation; Cavitation wear; EBSD analysis; Magnesium alloy	Aluminum alloys; Cavitation; Laboratories; Silicon alloys; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation tunnels; Cavitation wear; Cavitational bubbles; EBSD analysis; Flow condition; Testing conditions; Vibrating elements; Magnesium alloys	Brennen C.E., Cavitation and Buble Dynamics, (1995); Briggs L.J., The Limiting Negative Pressure of Water, Journal of Applied Physics, 21, pp. 721-722, (1970); Trevena D.H., Cavitation and tension in liquids, (1987); Plesset M.S., Chapman R.B., Collapse of an Initially Spherical Vapour Cavity in the Neighbourhood of a Solid Boundary, Jour. Fluid Mech., 47, pp. 283-290, (1971); Hickling R., Plesset M.S., Collapse and rebound of a spherical bubble in water, Phys. Fluids, 7, pp. 7-14, (1963); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, pp. 94-109, (2010); Steller J., Giren B.G., International Cavitation Erosion Test, (2015); Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 558-571, (2010); Momma T., Cavitation Loading and Erosion Produced by a Cavitating Jet, (1991); Momma T., Lichtarowicz A., A study of pressures and erosion produced by collapsing cavitation, Wear, 186-187, pp. 425-436, (1995); Steller K., Cavitation. Basic concepts, with particular emphasis on the concepts of hydraulic machines, (1982); Jasionowski R., Polkowski W., Zasada D., The destruction mechanism of titanium subjected to cavitation erosion, Key Engineering Materials, 687, pp. 117-122, (2016)		Trans Tech Publications Ltd	10120394			Solid State Phenomena	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-84979258031
39		Abreu M.; Jonsson S.; Elfsberg J.	Abreu, Marcio (57217081557); Jonsson, Stefan (7102794932); Elfsberg, Jessica (6504528736)	57217081557; 7102794932; 6504528736	Differences in ultrasonic cavitation damage between new and used engine coolants with varying time in operation	2024	Wear	542-543		205238				0	10.1016/j.wear.2024.205238	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184469728&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2024.205238&partnerID=40&md5=e1af19ff66830cdf17fdb58505a79d62	This study investigates the cavitation erosion performance of heavy-duty engine coolants before and after operation in trucks using an ultrasonic test rig based on ASTM G32. Fresh coolants with 35% and 50% v/v glycol were compared with used coolants. One coolant was obtained from a gasoline-fueled vehicle with a mileage of 27 000 km, and two from diesel-fueled vehicles with mileages of 16 000 and 180 000 km, respectively. Surface tension and boiling point at atmospheric pressure were measured, a chemical analysis was carried out, and suspended particles were quantified by dynamic image analysis. The results showed that the used coolants caused a lower mass loss in ultrasonic cavitation testing than the fresh ones, and that they had higher boiling points, lower pH and a higher number of suspended particles, especially of those smaller than 30μm. Surface tension was higher for the used coolants from Diesel engines. The lower mass loss caused by all three used coolants can be attributed mainly to their high boiling point and high particle count. The presence of particles is believed to promote the heterogeneous nucleation of smaller, more stable bubbles, which may protect the exposed surface by shockwave absorption and microjet deflection. Some dissolved ions in the used coolants may help reduce their aggressivity by inhibiting bubble coalescence, reducing bubble collapse energy, despite increasing surface tension. Surface tension has complex interactions with the solutes, particles and bubble formation and cannot, in isolation, explain the differences in performance of the coolants. © 2024 The Author(s)	Cast iron; Cavitation; Engine coolants; Erosion; Heavy-duty truck engines; Suspended particles		Steck B., Avoiding Cavitation on Wet Cylinder Liners of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines by Parameter Changes: SAE Technical Paper, (2008); Yu-Kang Z., Jiu-Gen H., Hammitt F., Cavitation erosion of diesel engine wet cylinder liners, Wear, 76, 3, pp. 321-328, (1982); Laguna-Camacho J., Lewis R., Vite-Torres M., Mendez-Mendez J., A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301, 1, pp. 467-476, (2013); Sreedhar B., Albert S., Pandit A., Cavitation damage: Theory and measurements – A review, Wear, 372-373, pp. 177-196, (2017); Szeri A.J., Storey B.D., Pearson A., Blake J.R., Heat and mass transfer during the violent collapse of nonspherical bubbles, Phys. Fluids, 15, 9, pp. 2576-2586, (2003); Chen J.M., Leng G.J., The study of cavitation erosion protection performance of heavy-duty engine coolants, Material Science, Civil Engineering and Architecture Science, Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Technology II, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 651, pp. 948-952, (2014); Wenge C., Chenqing G., Kang Z., Fusan S., Correlation of cavitation erosion resistance and mechanical properties of some engineering steels, J. Mater. Sci., 41, pp. 2151-2153, (2006); Reuter F., Ohl C.-D., Chapter 2 - Nonspherical collapse of single bubbles near boundaries and in confined spaces, Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, pp. 37-72, (2021); Brennen C.E., Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, (2013); Steck B., Sommerfeld G., Schneider V., Cavitation on Wet Cylinder Liners of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines: SAE Technical Paper, (2006); Tomlinson W., Talks M., Erosion and corrosion of pure iron under cavitating conditions, Ultrasonics, 29, 2, pp. 171-175, (1991); Dular M., Osterman A., Pit clustering in cavitation erosion, Wear, 265, 5, pp. 811-820, (2008); Hercamp R., An overview of cavitation corrosion of diesel cylinder liners, Engine Coolant Testing: Third Volume, pp. 107-127, (1993); Chandekar G., Hercamp R., Hudgens D., 9, (2012); Abreu M., Experimental Study of Metallic Surfaces Exposed to Cavitation, (2018); Li H., Afacan A., Liu Q., Xu Z., Study interactions between fine particles and micron size bubbles generated by hydrodynamic cavitation, Miner. Eng., 84, pp. 106-115, (2015); Xu W., Zhang Y., Luo J., Arong Z., Zhang Q., Zhai Y., The impact of particles on the collapse characteristics of cavitation bubbles, Ocean Eng., 131, pp. 15-24, (2017); Wu J., Su K., Wang Y., Gou W.J., Effect of air bubble size on cavitation erosion reduction, Sci. China Technol. Sci., 60, pp. 523-528, (2017); Okada T., Iwai Y., Yamamoto A., Cavitation erosion of cast iron in 3% salt water, Wear, 88, 2, pp. 167-179, (1983); MEGlobal T., Ethylene glycol: Product guide, (2019); Rebsdat S., Mayer D., Ethylene glycol, (2000); Fowles J., Banton M., Klapacz J., Shen H., A toxicological review of the ethylene glycol series: Commonalities and differences in toxicity and modes of action, Toxicol. Lett., 278, (2017); Evangelista J.W., Thomas Avedisian C., Tsang W., Thermal and catalytic decomposition of aqueous ethylene glycol mixtures by film boiling, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55, 23, pp. 6425-6434, (2012); Iwai Y., Okada T., Hammitt F., Effect of temperature on the cavitation erosion of cast iron, Wear, 85, 2, pp. 181-191, (1983); Brotchie A., Grieser F., Ashokkumar M., Effect of power and frequency on bubble-size distributions in acoustic cavitation, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 8, (2009); Abreu M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms in Cast Irons, (2021); Abreu M., Sundberg J., Elfsberg J., Jonsson S., Morphology and mechanisms of cavitation damage on lamellar gray iron surfaces, Wear, 456-457, (2020); Abreu M., Elfsberg J., Jonsson S., Cavitation erosion behavior of austempered ductile irons of increasing hardness, Wear, 484-485, (2021); Richman R., McNaughton W., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, 1, pp. 63-82, (1990); Singh R., Tiwari S., Mishra S., Cavitation erosion in hydraulic turbine components and mitigation by coatings: Current status and future needs, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, pp. 1539-1551, (2012); ASTM G32-16 R., Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); ASTM D1287 R., Standard Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Antirusts, (2011); ASTM D1120-20 R., Standard Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine Coolants, (2022); Deutsches Institut Fur Normung (German National Standard) R., Determination of water content using titration according to Karl Fischer, (2020); Miller R., Fainerman V.B., Chapter 6 - Surfactant adsorption layers at liquid-fluid interfaces, Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, pp. 383-421, (2001); Ivusic F., Lahodny-Sarc O., Stojanovic I., Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in saline solutions by gluconate, zinc sulphate and clay eluate, Teh. Vjesn., 21, pp. 107-114, (2014); Jonsson S., Corrosion of Zinc in the Automotive Environment, (2012); Zhang X., Corrosion and Electrochemistry of Zinc, (1996); Kozmus G., Zevnik J., Hocevar M., Dular M., Petkovsek M., Characterization of cavitation under ultrasonic horn tip – Proposition of an acoustic cavitation parameter, Ultrason. Sonochem., 89, (2022); Boubendir L., Chikh S., Tadrist L., On the surface tension role in bubble growth and detachment in a micro-tube, Int. J. Multiph. Flow, 124, (2020); Zahedi P., Saleh R., Moreno-Atanasio R., Yousefi K., Influence of fluid properties on bubble formation, detachment, rising and collapse; Investigation using volume of fluid method, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 31, 8, pp. 1349-1361, (2014); Wang X., Zhang Z., Chen Y., Li Y., Theoretical analysis of engine coolant cavitation with different additives based on ultrasonic induced bubble dynamics, Results Phys., 15, (2019); Iwata R., Zhang L., Wilke K.L., Gong S., He M., Gallant B.M., Wang E.N., Bubble growth and departure modes on wettable/non-wettable porous foams in alkaline water splitting, Joule, 5, 4, pp. 887-900, (2021)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final	All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85184469728
40		Szala M.; Łatka L.; Awtoniuk M.; Winnicki M.; Michalak M.	Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Łatka, Leszek (36661124200); Awtoniuk, Michał (55209868500); Winnicki, Marcin (37462588100); Michalak, Monika (57651843900)	56545535000; 36661124200; 55209868500; 37462588100; 57651843900	Neural modelling of aps thermal spray process parameters for optimizing the hardness, porosity and cavitation erosion resistance of al2o3-13 wt% tio2 coatings	2020	Processes	8	12	1544	1	15	14	34	10.3390/pr8121544	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097029018&doi=10.3390%2fpr8121544&partnerID=40&md5=b509bdb845dd4e58bac451aa2e61ee0a	The study aims to elaborate a neural model and algorithm for optimizing hardness and porosity of coatings and thus ensure that they have superior cavitation erosion resistance. Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 ceramic coatings were deposited onto 316L stainless steel by atmospheric plasma spray (ASP). The coatings were prepared with different values of two spray process parameters: the stand-off distance and torch velocity. Microstructure, porosity and microhardness of the coatings were examined. Cavitation erosion tests were conducted in compliance with the ASTM G32 standard. Artificial neural networks (ANN) were employed to elaborate the model, and the multi-objectives genetic algorithm (MOGA) was used to optimize both properties and cavitation erosion resistance of the coatings. Results were analyzed with MATLAB software by Neural Network Toolbox and Global Optimization Toolbox. The fusion of artificial intelligence methods (ANN + MOGA) is essential for future selection of thermal spray process parameters, especially for the design of ceramic coatings with specified functional properties. Selection of these parameters is a multicriteria decision problem. The proposed method made it possible to find a Pareto front, i.e., trade-offs between several conflicting objectives—maximizing the hardness and cavitation erosion resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 coatings and, at the same time, minimizing their porosity. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-13 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub>; Alumina–titania; APS; Artificial neural network; Cavitation erosion; Ceramic coatings; Hardness; Microstructure; Multi-objective optimization; Wear		Pawlowski L., The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings, (2008); Principles of Thermal Spraying—Plasma-Spray Coating—Wiley Online Library; Boulos M.I., Fauchais P.L., Pfender E., Handbook of Thermal Plasmas, (2019); Lugscheider E., Barimani C., Eckert P., Eritt U., Modeling of the APS plasma spray process, Comput. Mater. Sci, 7, pp. 109-114, (1996); Guessasma S., Montavon G., Coddet C., Modeling of the APS plasma spray process using artificial neural networks: Basis, requirements and an example, Comput. Mater. Sci, 29, pp. 315-333, (2004); Sahab A.R.M., Saad N.H., Kasolang S., Saedon J., Impact of Plasma Spray Variables Parameters on Mechanical and Wear Behaviour of Plasma Sprayed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 3%wt TiO<sub>2</sub> Coating in Abrasion and Erosion Application, Procedia Eng, 41, pp. 1689-1695, (2012); Aruna S.T., Balaji N., Shedthi J., Grips V.K.W., Effect of critical plasma spray parameters on the microstructure, microhardness and wear and corrosion resistance of plasma sprayed alumina coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 208, pp. 92-100, (2012); Yugeswaran S., Selvarajan V., Vijay M., Ananthapadmanabhan P.V., Sreekumar K.P., Influence of critical plasma spraying parameter (CPSP) on plasma sprayed Alumina–Titania composite coatings, Ceram. Int, 36, pp. 141-149, (2010); Michalak M., Latka L., Sokolowski P., Niemiec A., Ambroziak A., The Microstructure and Selected Mechanical Properties of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 13 wt % TiO<sub>2</sub> Plasma Sprayed Coatings, Coatings, 10, (2020); Latka L., Niemiec A., Michalak M., Sokolowski P., Tribological Properties of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Manufactured by Plasma Spraying, Bimon. Tribol, 283, pp. 19-24, (2019); Chochowski A., Obstawski P., The use of thermal-electric analogy in solar collector thermal state analysis, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev, 68, pp. 397-409, (2017); Aleksiejuk J., Chochowski A., Reshetiuk V., Analog model of dynamics of a flat-plate solar collector, Sol. Energy, 160, pp. 103-116, (2018); Salat R., Awtoniuk M., Black box modeling of PIDs implemented in PLCs without structural information: A support vector regression approach, Neural Comput. Appl, 26, pp. 723-734, (2015); Chmiel J., Jasionowski R., Zasada D., Cavitation erosion and corrosion of pearlitic gray cast iron in non-standardized cavitation conditions, Solid State Phenom, 225, pp. 19-24, (2015); Cui Z.D., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Yue T.M., Cavitation erosion–corrosion characteristics of laser surface modified NiTi shape memory alloy, Surface Coat. Technol, 162, pp. 147-153, (2003); Amarendra H.J., Chaudhari G.P., Nath S.K., Synergy of cavitation and slurry erosion in the slurry pot tester, Wear, pp. 290-291, (2012); Wang Y., Wu J., Ma F., Cavitation–silt erosion in sand suspensions, J. Mech. Sci. Technol, 32, pp. 5697-5702, (2018); Su K., Wu J., Xia D., Classification of regimes determining ultrasonic cavitation erosion in solid particle suspensions, Ultrason. Sonochem, 68, (2020); Da Silva F.N., de Oliveira P.M., Araujo N, de Carvalho Filho E.T., da Cunha J.D., da Silva D.R., de Medeiros J.T.N., Corrosion-cavitation-erosion: Surface morphology study of a carbon steel in a multiphasic saline bath, Matéria, 24, (2019); Liang L., Pang Y., Tang Y., Zhang H., Liu H., Liu Y., Combined wear of slurry erosion, cavitation erosion, and corrosion on the simulated ship surface, Adv. Mech. Eng, 11, (2019); Tocci M., Pola A., Girelli L., Lollio F., Montesano L., Gelfi M., Wear and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of an AlMgSc Alloy Produced by DMLS, Metals, 9, (2019); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Steller J., International Cavitation Erosion Test and quantitative assessment of material resistance to cavitation, Wear, pp. 233-264, (1999); Szala M., Dudek A., Maruszczyk A., Walczak M., Chmiel J., Kowal M., Effect of atmospheric plasma sprayed TiO<sub>2</sub>-10% NiAl cermet coating thickness on cavitation erosion, sliding and abrasive wear resistance, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, pp. 335-341, (2019); Jasionowski R., Przetakiewicz D., Przetakiewicz W., Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Alloys Used in Cathodic Protection of Hulls of Ships, Arch. Metall. 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Sci, 18, pp. 15-26, (2018); Garcia G.L., Lopez-Rios V., Espinosa A., Abenojar J., Velasco F., Toro A., Cavitation resistance of epoxy-based multilayer coatings: Surface damage and crack growth kinetics during the incubation stage, Wear, 316, pp. 124-132, (2014); Dular M., Bachert B., Stoffel B., Sirok B., Relationship between cavitation structures and cavitation damage, Wear, 257, pp. 1176-1184, (2004); Szala M., Application of computer image analysis software for determining incubation period of cavitation erosion—preliminary results, ITM Web Conf, 15, (2017); Giren B.G., Kawitacyjne Niszczenie Warstw Ukształtowanych Wiązką Promieniowania Laserowego, (2006); Szala M., Latka L., Walczak M., Winnicki M., Comparative Study on the Cavitation Erosion and Sliding Wear of Cold-Sprayed Al/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cu/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Coatings, and Stainless Steel, Aluminium Alloy, Copper and Brass, Metals, 10, (2020); Will C.R., Capra A.R., Pukasiewicz A.G.M., Chandelier J.d.G., Paredes R.S.C., Comparative study of three austenitic alloy with cobalt resistant to cavitation deposited by plasma welding, Weld. 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Eng, 710, (2019); Jafarzadeh K., Valefi Z., Ghavidel B., The effect of plasma spray parameters on the cavitation erosion of Al2O3–TiO2 coatings, Surface Coat. Technol, 205, pp. 1850-1855, (2010); Latka L., Szala M., Michalak M., Palka T., Impact of atmospheric plasma spray parameters on cavitation erosion resistance of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-13%TiO<sub>2</sub> coatings, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, pp. 342-347, (2019); Szala M., Awtoniuk M., Latka L., Macek W., Branco R., Artificial neural network model of hardness, porosity and cavitation erosion wear of APS deposited Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-13 wt % TiO<sub>2</sub> coatings, J. Phys. Conf. Ser, (2021); Pierlot C., Pawlowski L., Bigan M., Chagnon P., Design of experiments in thermal spraying: A review, Surf. Coat. Technol, 202, pp. 4483-4490, (2008); Szala M., Walczak M., Latka L., Gancarczyk K., Ozkan D., Cavitation Erosion and Sliding Wear of MCrAlY and NiCrMo Coatings Deposited by HVOF Thermal Spraying, Adv. Mater. Sci, 20, pp. 26-38, (2020); Maruszczyk A., Dudek A., Szala M., Research into Morphology and Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>—NiAl Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Coating, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 11, pp. 204-210, (2017); Latka L., Michalak M., Jonda E., Atmospheric Plasma Spraying of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 13% TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Using External and Internal Injection System, Adv. Mater. Sci, 19, pp. 5-17, (2019); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Tangirala A.K., Principles of System Identification: Theory and Practice, (2015); Latka L., Pawlowski L., Winnicki M., Sokolowski P., Malachowska A., Kozerski S., Review of Functionally Graded Thermal Sprayed Coatings, Appl. Sci, 10, (2020); Meghwal A., Anupam A., Murty B.S., Berndt C.C., Kottada R.S., Ang A.S.M., Thermal Spray High-Entropy Alloy Coatings: A Review, J. Therm. Spray Tech, 29, pp. 857-893, (2020); Yilmaz R., Kurt A.O., Demir A., Tatli Z., Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> on the mechanical properties of the Al2O3–TiO2 plasma sprayed coating, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc, 27, pp. 1319-1323, (2007); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation Erosion Wear Properties of Thermally Sprayed Alumina Based Coatings, Coatings, 4, pp. 18-36, (2014); Davis J.R., Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, (2004); Coello C.C., Lamont G.B., van Veldhuizen D.A., Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems, (2007); Chen Q., Hu P., Pu J., Wang J.H., Sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization of double-ceramic-layers thermal barrier system, Ceram. Int, 45, pp. 17224-17235, (2019)		MDPI AG	22279717			Process.	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85097029018
41		Romero M.C.; Tschiptschin A.P.; Scandian C.	Romero, M.C. (57205188734); Tschiptschin, A.P. (7004251372); Scandian, C. (26538835500)	57205188734; 7004251372; 26538835500	Low temperature plasma nitriding of a Co30Cr19Fe alloy for improving cavitation erosion resistance	2019	Wear	426-427			581	588	7	10	10.1016/j.wear.2019.01.019	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060102386&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2019.01.019&partnerID=40&md5=2999ef7b19a2ade4a01d3525f666e95b	Cobalt alloys are used when improved cavitation-erosion (CE) resistance is needed. Low temperature plasma nitriding - (LTPN) is known to greatly enhance the CE resistance of austenitic and duplex stainless steels, due to formation of a very hard, super-saturated fcc - phase, known as expanded austenite or S-phase. In this work, Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding of a non-standard Co-Cr alloy was carried out to explore the formation of an expanded S-phase hard layer and to assess its effect on the CE resistance of the Co-Cr alloy. The Co-Cr samples, containing α-fcc and ε-hcp solid solutions phases, were plasma nitrided at 350 °C and 400 °C for 20 h. The CE tests were carried out in a vibratory cavitation equipment according to ASTM G32-92. Microstructural and micromechanical characterization of the specimens indicated the formation of an expanded S-phase fcc layer, containing small amounts of CrN. Plasma nitriding at 400 °C and greater amounts of α-fcc volume fraction in the matrix led to thicker and harder (10.5 GPa) S-phase layers. The 400 °C nitrided samples exhibited higher CE resistances than the non-nitrided samples, with up to 267% greater incubation times and 5 times reduced wear rate. All Co30Cr19Fe samples showed higher CE resistances than AISI 304 and only the solution-treated sample showed lower CE resistance than Stellite 6. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of material removal, during the initial stages of CE, which are controlled by plastic deformation, with formation of slip steps, grain boundaries protrusion and material removal from these protruded areas. Twin boundaries are preferably eroded. The increase in nitrogen content increases the elastic energy returned to the environment and decreases the amount of plastic energy absorbed by the alloy, at cavitation impact spots. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.	Cavitation erosion; Cobalt alloy; Low temperature plasma nitriding; Wear mechanisms	Aluminum nitride; Binary alloys; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Cobalt alloys; Erosion; Grain boundaries; Iron alloys; Nitriding; Nitrogen plasma; Plasma applications; Temperature; Ternary alloys; Wear of materials; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation impacts; Duplex stainless steel; Expanded austenite; Low temperature plasma nitriding; Micromechanical characterization; Plasma nitriding; Wear mechanisms; Chromium alloys	Dong H., Bell T., Li C.X., (2002); Li X.Y., Habibi N., Bell T., Dong H., Et al., Microstructural characterization of a plasma carburised low carbono Co-Cr alloy, Surf. Eng., v. 23, pp. 45-51, (2007); Wang Q., Zhang L., Shen H., Microstructure analysis of plasma nitrided cast/forged CoCrMo alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., v. 205, pp. 2654-2660, (2010); Wang Q., Huang C., Zhang L., Microstructure and tribological properties of plasma nitriding cast CoCrMo alloys, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., v. 28, pp. 60-66, (2012); Chen J., Et al., Improving the wear properties of stellite 21 alloy by plasma surface alloying with carbono and nitrogen, Wear, 264, pp. 157-165, (2008); Lutz J., Gerlach J.W., Mandl S., PIII nitriding off fcc-alloys containing Ni and Cr, Phys. Status Solidi, 205, pp. 980-984, (2008); Liu R., Et al., Surface modification of a medical grade Co-Cr-Mo alloy by low temperature plasma surface alloying with nitrogen and carbon, Surf. Coat. Technol., 232, pp. 906-911, (2013); Mesa D.H., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of UNS S31803 stainless steel by duplex treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 205, pp. 1552-1556, (2010); Espitia L.A., Dong H., Li X., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanisms of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic, Wear, 332-333, pp. 1070-1079, (2015); Christiansen T., Sommers M.A.J.; Williamson D.L., Davis J.A., Wilbur P.J., Effect of austenitic stainless steel composition on low-energy, high-flux, nitrogen ion beam processing, Surf. Coat. Technol., 103-104, pp. 178-184, (1998); Manova D., Mandl S., Neumann H., Rauschenbach B., Formation of metastable diffusion layers in Cr-containing iron, cobalt and nickel alloys after nitrogen insertion, Surf. Coat. Technol., 312, pp. 81-90, (2017); Lutz J., Lehmann A., Mandl S., Nitrogen diffusion in medical CoCrNiW alloys after plasma immersion ion implantation, Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, pp. 3747-3753, (2008); Sun Y., Li X., Bell T., X-ray diffraction characterization of low temperature plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steels, J. Mater. Sci., 34, pp. 4793-4802, (1999); Olson G.B., Cohen M., A general mechanism nucleation: Part I. general concepts and the FCC→hcp transformation, Metall. Trans. A, V. 7, pp. 1897-1904, (1976); Garcia A.J.S., Mani Menadro A., Salinas Rodriguez A., Effect of solution treatments on the FCC/hcp isothermal martensitic transformation in Co-27Cr-5Mo-0,05C aged at 800 °C, Scr. Mater., 40, pp. 717-722, (1999); Huang P., Lopez H.F., Effect of grain size on development of a thermal and strain induced ε martensite in Co-Cr-Mo implant alloy, Mater. Sci. Technol., v. 15, pp. 157-164, (1999); Dong H., Bell T., Li C.X., (2002); Blawert C., Nitrogen and carbon expanded austenite produced by PI3, Surf. Coat. Technol., 136, pp. 181-187, (2001); Picard S., Et al., Corrosion behaviour, microhardness and surface characterisation of low energy, high current ion implanted austenitic stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Eng., 303, pp. 163-172, (2001); Cao Y., Ernst F., Michal G.M., Colossal carbon supersaturation in austenitic stainless steels carburized at low temperature, Acta Mater., 51, pp. 4171-4181, (2003); Grajales D.H.M., Ospina C.M.G., Tschiptschin A.P., Mesoscale plasticity anisotropy at earliest stages of cavitation-erosion damage of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, Wear, v. 267, pp. 99-103, (2009); Heathcock C.J., Ball A., Protheroe B.E., Cavitation erosion of cobalto-based stellite alloys, cemented carbides and surface-treated low alloy steels, Wear, v. 74, pp. 11-26, (1982); Farooq M., Kllement U., Nolze G., The role of α- to ε-Co phase transformation on strain hardening of Co-Cr-Mo laser clads, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, v. 442–446, pp. 40-47, (2007); Bregliozzi G., Et al., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, v. 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Di Schino A., Barteri M., Kenny J.M., Effect of grain size on the properties of a low nickel austenitic stainless steel, J. Mater. Sci., 38, pp. 4725-4733, (2003); Pohl M., pp. 168-187, (1996); Mesa D.H., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of UNS S31803 stainless steel by duplex treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., v. 205, pp. 1552-1556, (2010); Espitia L.A., Dong H., Li X., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanisms of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic, Wear, 332-333, pp. 1070-1079, (2015); Allen C., Et al., The fretting fatigue behaviour of plasma nitrided AISI 316 stainless steel, Stainless Steel 2000: Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Stainless Steel, pp. 353-360, (2000); Steck B., Sommerfield G., Schineider V., (2006); Cuppari M.G., Di V., Souza R.M., Sinatora A., Effect of second phase on cavitation erosion of Fe-Cr-Ni-C alloys, Wear, 258, pp. 596-603, (2005)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85060102386
42	Bordeasu	Riemschneider E.; Bordeasu I.; Mitelea I.; Utu I.D.	Riemschneider, E. (57201083855); Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Mitelea, I. (16309955100); Utu, I.D. (6508248410)	57201083855; 13409573100; 16309955100; 6508248410	Analysis of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Grey Cast Iron EN-GJL-200 by the Surface Induction Hardening	2018	IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering	416	1	12005				2	10.1088/1757-899X/416/1/012005	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056615437&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f416%2f1%2f012005&partnerID=40&md5=76b042dd6a344ebae2cb0862da9af80f	By surface hardening of the cast iron having metallic matrix consisting of pearlite and fine lamellar graphite separations, it has been aimed an increase in hardness and wear resistance. Testing of cavitation erosion resistance was done in the laboratory in accordance with the standard ASTM G32 2010. The mass losses curves, depending on the duration of the cavitational attack by induction hardened and tempered at 220 °C samples, were analysed in comparison with those samples obtained after the stress relief annealing at 525 °C. The hardness measurements performed on the longitudinal section of the cavitation samples beside the microstructural investigations of the eroded surfaces allowed the explanation of the wear mechanism both by the action of the graphite stress concentrator and also by the sensitivity of the metallic mass to the notch effect. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.		Cavitation; Erosion; Graphite; Hardening; Hardness; Stress relief; Wear of materials; Wear resistance; Cavitation erosion resistance; Hardness measurement; Longitudinal section; Metallic matrices; Microstructural investigation; Stress concentrators; Stress relief annealing; Surface induction hardening; Cast iron	Anton I., Cavitaţia, 2, (1985); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Katona S.E., Craciunescu C.M., International Journal of Materials Research, 108, 12, (2017); Bordeasu I., Cavitation Erosion of Materials, (2006); Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Mitelea I., Utu I.D., Pirvulescu L.D., Sirbu N.A., Revista de Materiale Plastice, 53, pp. 781-786, (2017); Ghera C., Rolul Tratamentelor Duplex în Creşterea Rezistenţei la Cavitaţie A Oţelurilor Pentru Aparatura Sistemelor Hidraulice, (2017); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Wear, 263, 1-6, (2007); Krella A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 204, 3, (2009); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Wear, 268, 1-2, (2010); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Revista de Chimie, 68, (2017); Mitelea I., Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25, 5, (2016); Raszga C., Fenomenul de Cavitaţieîndistribuitoare Cu Sertar Cilindric, (1998); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test 2010	Serban V.-A.; Utu I.-D.; Marsavina L.; Linul E.	Institute of Physics Publishing	17578981			IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85056615437
43		Pavlović M.; Dojčinović M.; Prokić-Cvetković R.; Andrić L.	Pavlović, Marko (57198243334); Dojčinović, Marina (15076621000); Prokić-Cvetković, Radica (13608962500); Andrić, Ljubiša (57223408624)	57198243334; 15076621000; 13608962500; 57223408624	Cavitation resistance of composite polyester resin / basalt powder	2019	Structural Integrity and Life	19	1		19	22	3	6		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072975207&partnerID=40&md5=7a0910d1ead1a8ba378d4443348db8d1	The paper presents the results of research on cavitation resistance of the composite based on unsaturated polyester resin and basalt powder, as reinforcement. Basalt powder was obtained by grinding and micronising basaltic rocks from the Vrelo-Kopaonik deposit. Different amounts of basalt powder as reinforcement were applied (g): 0.15; 0.30; 045; 0,50. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, bending strength, hardness) and cavitation resistance properties were determined for the resulting composite. An ultrasonic vibration method (with stationary specimen) was applied according to ASTM G32 standard. Studies have shown that the mechanical properties and cavitation resistance of the composites increase with the addition of basalt powder as reinforcement. © 2019 The Author. Structural Integrity and Life, Published by DIVK (The Society for Structural Integrity and Life 'Prof. Dr Stojan Sedmak') (http://divk.inovacionicentar.rs/ivk/home.html). This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License	Basalt powder; Cavitation resistance; Composite; Mechanical properties; Unsaturated polyester resin		Barth T.F.W., Theoretical Petrology, (1962); Fiore V., Di Bella G., Valenza A., Glass-basalt/epoxy hybrid composite for marine applications, Mater. & Design, 32, 4, pp. 2091-2099, (2011); Todic A., Nedeljkovic B., Cikara D., Ristovic I., Particulate basalt-polymer composites characteristics investigation, Mater. & Design, 32, 3, pp. 1677-1683, (2011); Pavlovic M., Et al., Influence of the basalt structure and properties on development the cavitation damage, Int. Oct. Conf. On Mining & Metall., pp. 155-158, (2018); Dojcinovic M., Influence of the Microstructure on Cavitation Erosion of Steels, (2007); Franc J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation Series: Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 76, (2004); Hammitt F.G., Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Phenomena, (1980); Dojcinovic M., Et al., Cavitation resistance of turbine runner blades at the hydropower plant 'Djerdap, Structural Integrity & Life, 17, 1, pp. 55-60, (2017); Yilmaz S., Bayrak G., Sen S., Sen U., Structural characterization of basalt-based glass-ceramic coatings, Mater. & Design, 27, 10, pp. 1092-1096, (2006); Kovacevic T., The Influence of Modified Micro-Particles Obtained from Nonmetallic Fraction of Waste Printed Circuit Boards on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyester Resin Synthesized from Waste Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate), (2018); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010)		Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK)	14513749			Structural Integr. Vek Konstr.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85072975207
44	Bordeasu	Katona Ş.-E.; Karancsi O.; Bordeaşu I.; Mitelea I.; Crǎciunescu C.M.	Katona, Ştefan-Eusebiu (56524419400); Karancsi, Olimpiu (56459099600); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Crǎciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)	56524419400; 56459099600; 13409573100; 16309955100; 6603971254	Primary and secondary aging effect on the cavitation erosion behavior of 17-4 ph stainless steels	2016	METAL 2016 - 25th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings				543	548	5	0		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010807566&partnerID=40&md5=19fc2aec3d5ff5a4acb4b7e846f789d1	Austenitization temperature of these steels can be used as a control measure of the transformation characteristics. Paper analyses the cavitation behaviour of a steel subjected to solution treatment at a lower temperature (950 °C), after which a primary aging at 700 °C and a tempering at 450 °C, were applied. The cavitation tests were conducted on a vibratory facility with piezoelectric crystals, in conformity with the prescription given by the ASTM G32-2010 Standard. The variation curves of mass losses and their speed during the test period, along with the hardness measurements and metallographic examinations, explain the degradation mechanism of the surface at the impact of the cavitation bubbles from the hydrodynamic field.	17-4 PH stainless steel; Cavitation erosion; Characteristic curves; Microstructure	Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Degradation; Erosion; Metallurgy; Metals; Microstructure; 17-4 PH stainless steel; Austenitization temperatures; Characteristic curve; Degradation mechanism; Hardness measurement; Metallographic examination; Piezoelectric crystals; Solution treatments; Stainless steel	Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalǎ A Materialelo. 1st Ed, (2006); Mitelea I., Ştiinţa Materialelor II, pp. 140-155, (2010); Mitelea I., Rosu R., Sudabilitatea Oţelurilor Inoxidabile, pp. 92-98, (2010); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Katona S.E., Influence of the solution treatment temperature upon the cavitation erosion resistance for 17-4 PH stainless steels, METAL 2013: 22nd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 208-213, (2013); Escobar J.D., Santos T.F.A., Ramirez A.J., Velasquez E., Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of a duplex stainless steel through friction stir processing (FSP), Wear, 297, 1-2, pp. 998-1005, (2013); Katona S.E., Oanca O., Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Craciunescu C.M., Investigations regarding the cavitation erosion resistance of the Al2O3 30(Ni 20Al) laser depositions on the 17-4 PH stainless steels, METAL 2015:24th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 482-487, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus ASTM G32-2010		TANGER Ltd.		978-808729467-3		METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.	Conference paper	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85010807566
45	Bordeasu	Bordeasu I.; Ghiban B.; Nagy V.; Paraianu V.; Ghera C.; Istrate D.; Demian A.M.; Odagiu P.-O.	Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Ghiban, Brandusa (23501106400); Nagy, Vasile (57205305923); Paraianu, Vlad (58153510300); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Istrate, Dionisie (57962117200); Demian, Alin Mihai (57963174100); Odagiu, Petrisor-Ovidiu (58153386800)	13409573100; 23501106400; 57205305923; 58153510300; 57038932100; 57962117200; 57963174100; 58153386800	CAVITATIONAL EROSION RESISTANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR ALLOY 6082 STATE T651	2023	UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B: Chemistry and Materials Science	85	1		213	224	11	0		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150681335&partnerID=40&md5=edf4a0309b320266384aa0ab63e7cbf2	The study presents the results of experimental research on the behaviour and resistance to vibratory cavitation erosion of the structure of aluminum alloy 6082 state 651. The analysis performed on macro and microscopic images shows the degradation mode of the microstructure, and the comparison with alloy 5083 state H111, using the specific parameters of cavitational erosion resistance recommended by ASTM G32-2016 standards, suggests an insignificant difference. Discussions of the plots containing experimental values of the cumulative eroded mass created by cavitational erosion and the related velocities using averaging curves show a behaviour strongly dependent on the nature of the blank, structural homogeneity, mass of intermetallic compounds and mechanical property values. © 2023, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.	aluminum alloy; caverns; cavitational erosion; erosion rate; lost mass; mechanical properties; microstructure	Aluminum alloys; Behavioral research; Erosion; Cavern; Cavitational erosion; Erosion rates; Erosion resistance; Experimental research; Experimental values; Lose mass; Macro image; Microscopic image; Vibratory cavitation erosion; Microstructure	Aluminum catalogue; Noga P., Piotrowicz A., Skrzekut T., Zwolinski A., Strzepek P., Effect of Various Forms of Aluminum 6082 on the Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Surface Modification of the Profile after Extrusion Process, Materials, Materials, 14, (2021); Tomlinson W. J., Matthews S. J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloys, Journal of Materials Science, 29, 1994, pp. 1101-1108, (2004); Bordeasu I., Ghera C., Istrate D., Salcianu L., Ghiban B., Bazavan D. V., Micu L. M., Stroita D. C, Suta A., Tomoiaga I., Luca A. N, Resistance and Behavior to Cavitation Erosion of Semi-Finished Aluminum Alloy 5083, HIDRAULICA, 4, pp. 17-24, (2021); Ghera C., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Improvement of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of a Low Alloyed Steel 16MnCr5 Through Work Hardening, Metal 2015, pp. 661-666, (2015); Hobbs J. M., Experience with a 20 – KC Cavitations erosion test, Erosion by Cavitations or Impingement, (1960); Tong Z., Jiao J., Zhou W., Yang Y., Chen L., Liu H., Sun Y., Ren X., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of AA5083 aluminium alloy by laser shock processing, Surface and Coatings Technology, 3, (2019); Carlton J., Marine propellers and Propulsion, (2007); Gottardi G., Tocci M., Monte L., Pola A., Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging, Wear, Volumes 394–395, pp. 1-10, (2018); Bordeasu D., Prostean O., Hatiegan C., Contributions to Modeling, Simulation and Controlling of a Pumping System Powered by a Wind Energy Conversion System, Energies, 14, 2, (2022); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Popescu M., Bordeasu D., Salcianu L., Influence of volumic heat treatments upon cavitation erosion resistance of duplex X2CrNiMoN 22-5-3 stainless steels, IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering, (ICAS2014), 85, (2015); Stroita D. C., Barglazan M., Manea A.S., Balasoiu V., Double-flux water turbine dynamics, Annals of DAAAM for 2008 and 19th International DAAAM Symposium "Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation: Focus on Next Generation of Intelligent Systems and Solutions", pp. 1325-1326, (2008); Luca A.N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Demian A.M., Cavitation behavior study of the aging heat treated aluminum alloy 7075, 10-Th International Conference of Applied Science (ICAS 2022), (2022); Suteu V., Suteu Vs., Suteu M., technology of maintenance and repair of machines and equipment, (1984); Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test, (2016); Bordeasu I., Monograph of the Cavitation Erosion Research Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara (1960-2020) Editura Politehnica, (2020); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, REVISTA DE CHIMIE, 58, 12, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Jurchela A. D., Research on the erosion produced by vibratory cavitation in stainless steels with constant chromium and variable nickel, (2012); Micu L.M., The behavior to cavitation erosion of duplex stainles steels, (2017); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C. M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 138, 3, (2016); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Bordeasu D., Duma S.T., Anton I., Researches upon the cavitation erosion behaviour of austenite steels, IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering, (ICAS2015), 106, (2016); Franc J-P., Kueny J-L., Karimi A.T., Fruman D-H., Frechou D., Briancon-Marjollet L., Billard J-Y., Belahadji B., Avellan F., Jean-Marie M., La cavitation. Physical mechanisms and industrial aspects, (1995); Vadapalli S., Pathem U, Vupplala V, Chebattina K. R., Sagari J, Corrosion and cavitation erosion properties of sub-micron WC-Co /Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-NiCr multi-layered coating on aluminium substrates, Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, 30, 3, pp. 46-54, (2020); Lavigne S., Pougoum F., Savoie S., Martinu L., Klemberg-Sapieha J.E., Schulz R., Cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF CaviTec coatings, Wear, 386-387, pp. 90-98, (2017); Song Q.N., Tong Y., Xu N., Sun S.Y., Li HL, Bao Y.F., Jiang Y. F., Wang Z. B., Qiao Y. X., Synergistic effect between cavitation erosion and corrosion for various copper alloys in sulphide-containing 3.5% NaCl solutions, Wear, 50, 11, (2020)		Politechnica University of Bucharest	14542331		SBPSF	UPB Sci Bull Ser B	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85150681335
46		da S. Severo F.; Scheuer C.J.; Cardoso R.P.; Brunatto S.F.	da S. Severo, F. (57210973976); Scheuer, C.J. (54414869400); Cardoso, R.P. (7005401302); Brunatto, S.F. (55954250400)	57210973976; 54414869400; 7005401302; 55954250400	Cavitation erosion resistance enhancement of martensitic stainless steel via low-temperature plasma carburizing	2019	Wear	428-429			162	166	4	33	10.1016/j.wear.2019.03.009	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063112894&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2019.03.009&partnerID=40&md5=ec592d7ddf82f6551f26b0bdc33299cb	This work presents the potential of low-temperature plasma carburizing treatments for improving the cavitation erosion resistance of martensitic stainless steel (MSS). As-hardened AISI 420 MSS samples were treated via dc plasma carburizing at 450 °C for 12 h. The cavitation erosion behaviors were compared with that of an untreated steel sample tempered at 220 °C for 1 h. Cavitation erosion tests were performed with an ultrasonic vibratory apparatus in accordance with the ASTM G32-10 standard. The nominal incubation period of the carburized samples was approximately three times higher than that of the untreated sample (23 h versus 7.8 h, respectively). The cavitation erosion behavior was discussed in terms of mechanical surface properties (hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E)) obtained via the nanoindentation technique and respective H/E, H2/E, and H3/E2 ratios. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.	AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel; Cavitation erosion; Low-temperature plasma carburizing; Surface treatment	Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Satellites; Surface treatment; Temperature; Ultrasonic applications; Aisi 420 martensitic stainless steels; Cavitation erosion resistance; DC plasma; Incubation periods; Low temperature plasmas; Mechanical surface; Nanoindentation techniques; Steel samples; Martensitic stainless steel	Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Chauhan A.K., Cavitation erosion resistance of 13/4 and 21-4-N steels, Sadhana, 38, pp. 25-35, (2013); Ferreira L.M., Brunatto S.F., Cardoso R.P., Martensitic stainless steels low-temperature nitriding: dependence of substrate composition, Mater. Res., 18, pp. 622-627, (2015); dos Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an austenitic AISI 304L stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Allenstein A.N., Cardoso R.P., Machado K.D., Weber S., Pereira K.M.P., dos Santos C.A.L., Panossian Z., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Strong evidences of tempered martensite-to-nitrogen-expanded austenite transformation in CA-6NM steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 552, pp. 569-572, (2012); Xi Y.-T., Liu D.-X., Han D., Improvement of corrosion and wear resistances of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel using plasma nitriding at low temperature, Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, pp. 2577-2583, (2008); Borcz C., Lepienski C.M., Brunatto S.F., Surface modification of pure niobium by plasma nitriding, Surf. Coat. Technol., 224, pp. 114-119, (2013); Espitia L.A., Varela L., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of low temperature plasma nitrided martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 301, pp. 449-456, (2013); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Plasma nitriding using high H<sub>2</sub> content gas mixtures for a cavitation erosion resistant steel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 277, pp. 15-24, (2013); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance for low-temperature plasma nitrided CA-6NM martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 309, pp. 159-165, (2014); Brunatto S.F., Allenstein A.N., Allenstein C.L.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Cavitation erosion behaviour of niobium, Wear, 274-275, pp. 220-228, (2012); Kertscher R., de Moraes J.M., Henke S., Allenstein A.N., Goncalves e Silva R.H., Dutra J.C., Brunatto S.F., First results of cavitation erosion behavior of plasma nitrided niobium: surface modification, Mater. Res., 18, pp. 1242-1250, (2015); Espitia L.A., Dong H., Li X.-Y., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Scratch test of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 376-377, pp. 30-36, (2017); Kim S.K., Yoo J.S., Priest J.M., Fewell M.P., Characteristics of martensitic stainless steel nitrided in a low-pressure RF plasma, Surf. Coat. Technol., 163-164, pp. 380-385, (2003); Isfahany A.N., Saghafian H., Borhani G., The effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of AISI420 martensitic stainless steel, J. Alloy. Compd., 509, pp. 3931-3936, (2011); Espitia L.A., Dong H., Li X.-Y., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanisms of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 332-333, pp. 1070-1079, (2015); Pant B.K., Arya V., Mann B.S., Cavitation erosion characteristics of nitrocarburized and HPDL-treated martensitic stainless steels, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, pp. 1051-1055, (2012); Li C.X., Bell T., A comparative study of low temperature plasma nitriding, carburising and nitrocarburising of AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Technol., 23, pp. 355-361, (2007); Scheuer C.J., Cardoso R.P., Pereira R., Mafra M., Brunatto S.F., Low temperature plasma carburizing of martensitic stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 539, pp. 369-372, (2012); Angelini V., Boromei I., Martini C., Scheuer C.J., Cardoso R.P., Brunatto S.F., Ceschini L., Dry sliding behavior (block-on-ring tests) of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel, surface hardened by low temperature plasma-assisted carburizing, Tribol. Int., 103, pp. 555-565, (2016); Scheuer C.J., Cardoso R.P., Brunatto S.F., Low-temperature plasma assisted thermochemical treatments of AISI 420 steel: comparative study of obtained layers, Mater. Res., 18, pp. 1392-1399, (2015); Scheuer C.J., Cardoso R.P., Zanetti F.I., Amaral T., Brunatto S.F., Low-temperature plasma carburizing of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel: influence of gas mixture and gas flow rate, Surf. Coat. Technol., 206, pp. 5085-5090, (2012); Scheuer C.J., Cardoso R.P., Mafra M., Brunatto S.F., AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel low-temperature plasma assisted carburizing kinetics, Surf. Coat. Technol., 214, pp. 30-37, (2013); Brunatto S.F., Muzart J.L.R., Influence of the gas mixture flow on the processing parameters of hollow cathode discharge iron sintering, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, pp. 3937-3944, (2007); Dular M., Stoffel B., Sirok B., Development of a cavitation erosion model, Wear, 261, pp. 642-655, (2006); Patella R.F., Reboud J.-L., Archer A., Cavitation damage measurement by 3D laser profilometry, Wear, 246, pp. 59-67, (2000); Samiei E., Shams M., Ebrahimi R., A novel numerical scheme for the investigation of surface tension effects on growth and collapse stages of cavitation bubbles, Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids, 30, pp. 41-50, (2011); Chen X., Xu R.Q., Shen Z.H., Lu J., Ni X.W., Optical investigation of cavitation erosion by laser-induced bubble collapse, Opt. Laser Technol., 36, pp. 197-203, (2004); Brunatto S.F., Scheuer C.J., Boromei I., Martini C., Ceschini L., Cardoso R.P., Martensite coarsening in low-temperature plasma carburizing, Surf. Coat. Technol., 350, pp. 161-171, (2018); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Lawn B.R., Jensen T., Arora A., Brittleness as an indentation size effect, J. Mater. Sci., 11, pp. 573-575, (1976); Oyen M.L., Cook R.F., A practical guide for analysis of nanoindentation data, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2, pp. 396-407, (2009); Callister W.D., Materials Science and Engineering: an Introduction, pp. 124-125, (1997); Leyland A., Matthews A., On the significance of the H/E ratio in wear control: a nanocomposite coating approach to optimised tribological behavior, Wear, 246, pp. 1-11, (2000); Brunatto S.F., Lepienski C.M., Nanoindentation applied to dc plasma nitrided parts, Applied Nanoindentation in Advanced Materials, pp. 157-182, (2017); Foerster C.E., Assmann A., da Silva S.L.R., Nascimento F.C., Lepienski C.M., Guimaraes J.L., Chinelatto A.L., AISI 304 nitrocarburized at low temperature: mechanical and tribological properties, Surf. Coat. Technol., 204, pp. 3004-3008, (2010)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85063112894
47		Szala M.; Hejwowski T.	Szala, Miroslaw (56545535000); Hejwowski, Tadeusz (6603174500)	56545535000; 6603174500	Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Wear Mechanism Model of Flame-Sprayed Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl Cermet Coatings	2018	Coatings	8	7	254				31	10.3390/coatings8070254	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051601268&doi=10.3390%2fcoatings8070254&partnerID=40&md5=2040c6ef063aaffde86e81fe18028658	This manuscript deals with the cavitation erosion resistance of flame-sprayed Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl cermet coatings (low-velocity oxy-fuel (LVOF)), a new functional application of cermet coatings. The aim of the study was to investigate the cavitation erosion mechanism and determine the effect of feedstock powder ratio (Al2O3-TiO2/NiMoAl) of LVOF-sprayed cermet coatings on their cavitation erosion resistance. As-sprayed coatings were investigated for roughness, porosity, hardness, and Young's modulus. Microstructural characteristics of the cross section and the surface of as-sprayed coatings were examined by light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Coating cavitation tests were conducted in accordance with the ASTM G32 standard using an alternative stationary specimen testing method with usage of reference samples made from steel, copper, and aluminum alloys. Cavitation erosion resistance was measured by weight and volume loss, and normalised cavitation erosion resistance was calculated. Surface eroded due to cavitation was examined in successive time intervals by LOM and SEM-EDS. On the basis of coating properties and cavitation investigations, a phenomenological model of the cavitation erosion of Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl cermet coatings was elaborated. General relationships between their properties, microstructure, and cavitation wear resistance were established. The Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl composite coating containing 80% ceramic powder has a higher cavitation erosion resistance than the reference aluminium alloy. © 2018 by the authors.	Aluminia-titania; Cavitation erosion; Cermet coating; Flame spraying; Microstructure; Thermal spraying; Wear model		Gao X., Tian Z., Liu Z., Shen L., Interface characteristics of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-13%TiO<sub>2</sub> ceramic coatings prepared by laser cladding, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 22, pp. 2498-2503, (2012); Mishra N.K., Mishra S.B., Hot corrosion performance of LVOF sprayed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-40% TiO<sub>2</sub> coating on Superni 601 and Superco 605 superalloys at 800 and 900°C, Bull. Mater. Sci, 38, pp. 1679-1685, (2015); Cui S., Miao Q., Liang W., Zhang Z., Xu Y., Ren B., Tribological Behavior of Plasma-Sprayed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-20 wt.%TiO<sub>2</sub> Coating, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 26, pp. 2086-2094, (2017); Davis J.R., Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, (2004); Czuprynski A., Selected Properties of Thermally Sprayed Oxide Ceramic Coatings, Adv. Mater. Sci, 15, pp. 17-32, (2015); Szymanski K., Hernas A., Moskal G., Myalska H., Thermally sprayed coatings resistant to erosion and corrosion for power plant boilers-A review, Surf. Coat. Technol, 268, pp. 153-164, (2015); Yao Y., Lyckfeldt O., Tricoire A., Tricoire A., Microstructure of Plasma Sprayed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-3wt%TiO<sub>2</sub> Coating Using Freeze Granulated Powder, J. Mater. Sci. Chem. Eng, 4, (2016); Jia S., Zou Y., Xu J., Wang J., Yu L., Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> content on properties of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thermal barrier coatings by plasma spraying, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 25, pp. 175-183, (2015); Mishra N.K., Mishra S.B., Kumar R., Oxidation resistance of low-velocity oxy fuel-sprayed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-13TiO<sub>2</sub> coating on nickel-based superalloys at 800°C, Surf. Coat. Technol, 260, pp. 23-27, (2014); Jafarzadeh K., Valefi Z., Ghavidel B., The effect of plasma spray parameters on the cavitation erosion of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 205, pp. 1850-1855, (2010); Morks M.F., Akimoto K., The role of nozzle diameter on the microstructure and abrasion wear resistance of plasma sprayed composite coatings, J. Manuf. Process, 10, pp. 1-5, (2008); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation Erosion Wear Properties of Thermally Sprayed Alumina Based Coatings, Coatings, 4, pp. 18-36, (2014); Zorawski W., Goral A., Bokuvka O., Litynska-Dobrzynska L., Berent K., Microstructure and tribological properties of nanostructured and conventional plasma sprayed alumina-titania coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 268, pp. 190-197, (2015); Maruszczyk A., Dudek A., Szala M., Research into Morphology and Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>-NiAl Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Coating, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 11, pp. 204-210, (2017); Hejwowski T., Labacz-Kecik A., Mikrostruktura i odpornośćna zužycie powlok natryskiwanych metoda?. plomieniowo-proszkowa mieszaninami proszków, Przeglad Spaw.-Weld. Technol. Rev, 9, pp. 57-64, (2012); Hejwowski T., Comparative study of thermal barrier coatings for internal combustion engine, Vacuum, 85, pp. 610-616, (2010); Chen J., Zhou H., Zhao X., Chen J., An Y., Yan F., Microstructural Characterization and Tribological Behavior of HVOF Sprayed NiMoAl Coating from 20 to 800 °C, J. Therm. Spray Technol, 24, pp. 348-356, (2015); Hou G., Zhao X., Zhou H., Lu J., An Y., Chen J., Yang J., Cavitation erosion of several oxy-fuel sprayed coatings tested in deionized water and artificial seawater, Wear, 311, pp. 81-92, (2014); Santa J.F., Espitia L.A., Blanco J.A., Romo S.A., Toro A., Slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of thermal spray coatings, Wear, 267, pp. 160-167, (2009); Ksiazek M., Boron L., Radecka M., Richert M., Tchorz A., Mechanical and Tribological Properties of HVOF-Sprayed (Cr3C2-NiCr+Ni) Composite Coating on Ductile Cast Iron, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 25, pp. 3185-3193, (2016); Kekes D., Psyllaki P., Vardavoulias M., Vekinis G., Wear micro-mechanisms of composite WC-Co/Cr-NiCrFeBSiC coatings.Part II: Cavitation erosion, Tribol. Ind, 36, pp. 375-383, (2014); Hejwowski T., Wear resistance of graded coatings, Vacuum, 65, pp. 515-520, (2002); Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)-Surface texture: Profile method-Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters, (1997); Steller J., International Cavitation Erosion Test and quantitative assessment of material resistance to cavitation, Wear, 233-235, pp. 51-64, (1999); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Zhang Q., Construction of database on cavitation erosion and analyses of carbon steel data, Wear, 257, pp. 1022-1029, (2004); (2010); Tucker R.C., ASM Handbook Volume 5A: Thermal Spray Technology, (2013); Shaw L.L., Goberman D., Ren R., Gell M., Jiang S., Wang Y., Xiao T.D., Strutt P.R., The dependency of microstructure and properties of nanostructured coatings on plasma spray conditions, Surf. Coat. Technol, 130, pp. 1-8, (2000); Szala M., Application of computer image analysis software for determining incubation period of cavitation erosion-preliminary results, In ITM Web of Conferences, Proceedings of the II International Conference of Computational Methods in Engineering Science (CMES'17), 15, (2017); Dybowski B., Szala M., Hejwowski T.J., Kielbus A., Microstructural phenomena occurring during early stages of cavitation erosion of Al-Si aluminium casting alloys, Solid State Phenom, 227, pp. 255-258, (2015); Tomlinson W.J., Kalitsounakis N., Vekinis G., Cavitation erosion of aluminas, Ceram. Int, 25, pp. 331-338, (1999)		MDPI AG	20796412			Coatings	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85051601268
48	Bordeasu	Frant F.; Mitelea I.; Bordeasu I.; Utu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.	Frant, Florin (57215883759); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Utu, Ion-Dragos (6508248410); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)	57215883759; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6508248410; 6603971254	IMPROVEMENT THE CAVITATION EROSION RESISTANCE OF Al-Mg ALLOYS BY TIG SURFACE REMELTING	2021	METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings				942	947	5	0	10.37904/metal.2021.4238	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124343887&doi=10.37904%2fmetal.2021.4238&partnerID=40&md5=4cbe4707a03cab600559091521abf7ab	Aluminum-based alloys (Al-Mg, Al-Si-Mg, Al-Zn-Mg, etc.) are intended for the manufacturing of parts subjected to intense stresses by cavitation erosion. This complex phenomenon includes both the hydrodynamic factors of the liquid and the microstructure, hardness and ductility characteristics of the material. The present paper describes a method of increasing cavitation erosion resistance by using the local TIG remelting technique of the AlMg3 alloys surface. The experimental tests were performed according to ASTM G32-2016 standard. The response of the material to each value of the heat input was investigated by measuring the mass loss as a function of the cavitation time and by analysing the damaged surfaces using the optical and scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown that the TIG surface modification treatment increases the resistance to cavitation erosion of the alloy, as a consequence of the higher chemical and microstructural homogeneity and finishing of the granulation. © 2021 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.	Cavitation erosion; Microstructure; TIG melting	Aluminum alloys; Binary alloys; Cavitation; Chemical modification; Erosion; Magnesium alloys; Metals; Remelting; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface treatment; Zinc alloys; Al-Si-Mg; Al-Zn-Mg; Alloy surfaces; Aluminium-based alloy; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Ductility characteristics; Experimental test; Microstructure characteristics; Microstructure hardness; TIG melting; Microstructure	SREEDHAR B. K., ALBERT S. K., PANDIT A. B., Cavitation damage: Theory and measurements - A review, Wear, 372-373, pp. 177-196, (2017); POLA A., MONTESANO L., TOCCI M., LA VECCHIA G.M., Influence of ultrasound treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi7 alloy, Materials, 10, 3, (2017); LEE S. J., KIM K. H., KIM S. J., Surface analysis of Al-Mg alloy series for ship after cavitation test, Surf. Interface Anal, 44, pp. 1389-1392, (2011); MITELEA I., BORDEASU I., FRANT F., UTU I.D., Effect of heat treatment on corrosion and ultrasonic cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi10MnMg alloy, Materials Testing, 62, 9, pp. 92-926, (2020); Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, (2016); FRANT F., MITELEA I., BORDEASU I., UTU I.D., Investigation on ultrasonic cavitation erosion of wrought Al-Mg alloys, Materials Today-Proceedings, 45, pp. 4242-4246, (2021); TOCCI M., POLA A., MONTESANO L., MARINA LA VECCHIA G., Evaluation of cavitation erosion resistance of Al-Si casting alloys: Effect of eutectic and intermetallic phases, Fractura ed Integrità Structurale, 43, pp. 218-230, (2018)		TANGER Ltd.		978-808729499-4		METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Met. Mater., Conf. Proc.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85124343887
49		Thirumaran B.; Kumaresh Babu S.P.	Thirumaran, B. (57208005219); Kumaresh Babu, S.P. (8440773700)	57208005219; 8440773700	Synergetic effect of cavitation erosion-corrosion on optimized Stir-Squeeze (Combo) cast AA7075 CuCNT/CuGrP reinforced Hybrid metal matrix Composites	2019	Materials Today: Proceedings	27			2815	2822	7	1	10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.378	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090155640&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2019.12.378&partnerID=40&md5=d829d4c17584f24cc1140db91066dabc	Cavitation erosion corrosion of AA7075 CNT Hybrid GrP nano Composite is dealt in this paper. Since we know that AA7075 is manufactured for aerospace, automobile industries as a structural material. The need of the hour to strengthen this in manifold. To find the erosion corrosion resistance of such an alloy, was made by compo casting (Stir-Squeeze) are commonly used for the production of components, such as cylinders, pistons, pumps, valves and combustion chambers, which in service may experience a cavitation phenomenon. Microstructure, Hardness, mechanical properties were measured. Cavitation tests were carried out according to ASTM G32 standard and the erosion mechanism was examined by optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. It was found the both CuCNT/CuGrP particles enhances and diminishes cavitation erosion resistance in a particular combination of the two, which is expressed in terms of mass loss, and also galvanic coupling between these particle with matrix behaves differently when it is corrosion. Both the effect are studied simultaneously to see the synergetic effect on different combination of CuCNT/CuGrP particles with AA7075. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd.	AA7075; Cavitation erosion corrosion; CuGrP; CuMWCNT; Synergism; Taguchi	Cavitation; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant alloys; Engines; Erosion; Galvanic corrosion; Metallic matrix composites; Nanocomposites; Scanning electron microscopy; Aa7075; Cavitation erosion-corrosion; CuGrP; CuMWCNT; Hybrid metal matrix composites; Know-that; Nano composite; Synergetic effect; Synergism; Taguchi; Automotive industry	Vyas B., Hannson I.L.H., Corros. Sci., 30, (1990); Engelberg G., Yahalom J., Kalir E., Corros. Sci., 25, (1985); Tomlinson W.J., Talks M.G., Tribol. Int., 24, (1991); Wood R.J.K., Fry S.A., J. Fluids Eng., 111, (1989); Standard Test Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, G32-92, Annual Book of Astm Standard, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa, (1995); Standard Test Method of Potentiodynamic Test, G5-94, Annual Book of Astm Standard, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa, (1995); Standard Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and Related Information from Electrochemical Measurement, G102-89, Annual Book of Astm Standard, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa, (1995); Thirumaran B., Natarajan S., Kumaresh Babu S.P., Adv. Mater., 2, pp. 1-5, (2013); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Mater. Sci. Eng., 290 A, (2000)	Kumaresh Babu S.P.; Kumaran S.	Elsevier Ltd	22147853			Mater. Today Proc.	Conference paper	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85090155640
50		Kertscher R.; De Moraes J.M.; Henke S.; Allenstein A.N.; Gonçalves E Silva R.H.; Dutra J.C.; Brunatto S.F.	Kertscher, Ricardo (57128540400); De Moraes, Juliana Martins (57127773700); Henke, Sérgio (7006196982); Allenstein, Angela Nardelli (37014358500); Gonçalves E Silva, Regis Henrique (57219130329); Dutra, Jair Carlos (26642939500); Brunatto, Silvio Francisco (55954250400)	57128540400; 57127773700; 7006196982; 37014358500; 57219130329; 26642939500; 55954250400	First results of cavitation erosion behavior of plasma nitrided niobium: Surface modification	2015	Materials Research	18	6		1242	1250	8	6	10.1590/1516-1439.027515	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958694266&doi=10.1590%2f1516-1439.027515&partnerID=40&md5=42d7196a0dc6cc620b65cd789e867cc3	This work presents the first results of the plasma nitriDing study performed in pure niobium in order to increase its cavitation erosion resistance. Samples were prepared from 98.9% purity and 90% reduction cold-rolled niobium bars. Annealing treatment of the cold-worked niobium samples was carried out in vacuum furnace at 1.33 Pa pressure, in the temperature of 1000 C, for a time of 60 min. Annealed samples showing hardness of 80 HV were cut to dimensions of 20 30 4 mm3. NitriDing treatment was conducted at 1080 C, gas mixture of 90% N2 + 10% H2, flow rate of 5 10-6 Nm3s-1, and pressure of 1200 Pa (9 Torr), for a total time of 4 h comprised by two treatment steps of 2 h each. For comparison purpose, results for nitrided and non-nitrided niobium are confronted. Samples were characterized by XRD, nanoindentation, microhardness, SEM, and 2D surface topography and 3D interferometry profile analysis techniques. Cavitation testing was conducted accorDing to ASTM G32-09. Comparatively, promising results based on the formation of niobium nitride phases in treated surfaces are presented and discussed in the present work.	Cavitation-erosion; Niobium; Niobium nitride; Plasma nitriding	Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Cold rolling; Erosion; Metal cladding; Niobium; Nitrides; Nitriding; Nitrogen plasma; Stainless steel; Surface topography; Surface treatment; Vacuum furnaces; Annealed samples; Annealing treatments; Cavitation erosion resistance; Niobium nitride; Nitriding treatment; Plasma nitrided; Plasma nitriding; Profile analysis; Plasma applications	Stachowiak G.W., Batchelor A.W., Abrasive, Erosive and Cavitation Wear Engineering Tribology, (2006); Brunatto S.F., Allenstein A.N., Allenstein C.L.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Cavitation erosion behavior of niobium, Wear, 274-275, pp. 220-228, (2012); Borcz C., Lepienski C.M., Brunatto S.F., Surface modification of pure niobium by plasma nitriding, Surface and Coatings Technology, 224, pp. 114-119, (2013); Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an austenitic AISI 304L stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance for lowtemperature plasma nitrided CA-6NM martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 309, 1-2, pp. 159-165, (2014); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of structural ceramics, Ceramics International, 20, 3, pp. 201-209, (1994); Niebuhr D., Cavitation erosion behavior of ceramics in aqueous solutions, Wear, 263, 1-6, pp. 295-300, (2007); Fatjo G.G.A., Hadfield M., Tabeshfar K., Pseudoplastic deformation pits on polished ceramics due to cavitation erosion, Ceramics International, 37, 6, pp. 1919-1927, (2011); Pedzich Z., Jasionowski R., Ziabka M., Cavitation wear of structural oxide ceramics and selected composite materials, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 34, 14, pp. 3351-3356, (2014); Karunamurthy B., Hadfield M., Vieillard C., Morales G., Cavitation erosion in silicon nitride: Experimental investigations on the mechanism of material degradation, Tribology International, 43, 12, pp. 2251-2257, (2010); Karunamurthy B., Hadfield M., Vieillard C., Morales-Espejel G.E., Khan Z., Cavitation and rolling wear in silicon nitride, Ceramics International, 36, 4, pp. 1373-1381, (2010); Krella A.K., The new parameter to assess cavitation erosion resistance of hard PVD coatings, Engineering Failure Analysis, 18, 3, pp. 855-867, (2011); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Influence of the substrate hardness on the cavitation erosion resistance of TiN coating, Wear, 263, 1-6, pp. 395-401, (2007); Chapman B., Glow Discharge Processes, (1980); Souza G.B., Foerster C.E., Silva S.L.R., Lepienski C.M., Nanomechanical properties of rough surfaces, Materials Research, 9, 2, pp. 159-163, (2006); Foerster C.E., Assmann A., Silva S.L.R., Nascimento F.C., Lepienski C.M., Guimaraes J.L., Et al., AISI 304 nitrocarburized at low temperature: Mechanical and tribological properties, Surface and Coatings Technology, 204, 18-19, pp. 3004-3008, (2010); Han Z., Hu X., Tian J., Li G., Mingyuan G., Magnetron sputtered NbN thin films and mechanical properties, Surface and Coatings Technology, 179, 2-3, pp. 188-192, (2004); Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-purpose Materials, (1990); Wilkinson W.D., Fabrication of Refractory Metals, (1970)		Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos	15161439			Mater. Res.	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-84958694266
51	Bordeasu	Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Belin C.; Uţu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.	Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Belin, Cosmin (57204665992); Uţu, Ion-Dragoş (6508248410); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)	16309955100; 13409573100; 57204665992; 6508248410; 6603971254	Cavitation Resistance, Microstructure, and Surface Topography of Plasma Nitrided Nimonic 80 A Alloy	2022	Materials	15	19	6654				5	10.3390/ma15196654	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139912450&doi=10.3390%2fma15196654&partnerID=40&md5=d838b71dca5e526bb29bc07df404e3c9	Cavitation erosion of structural materials is a form of wear damage that affects the performance and life of components used in the aerospace, nuclear, and automotive industries, leading to an increase in the frequency of maintenance operations and redesign costs. The cavitation erosion behaviour of the nickel-based superalloy, Nimonic 80 A, was investigated using a piezoceramic crystal vibrator, according to the requirements of ASTM G32-2016. The results showed that plasma nitriding leads to a reduction in the mean erosion penetration depth by approximately ten times and of the erosion rate by the order of six times, compared to the solution heat-treated samples. Typical topographies of cavitation-eroded surfaces show a preferential degradation of the grain boundaries between the γ solid solution phases, of the twins’ boundary, and of the interface between the precipitated particles and the γ solid solution matrix. In the nitrided samples, the cracking initiation is determined by nitride particles, which are hard and brittle. Due to the high mechanical strength of the solid solution γ with the fcc crystal lattice, the appearance of the cavitation surface is uniform, and the fracture has a ductile character. © 2022 by the authors.	cavitation; microstructure; Nimonic alloy; nitriding	Aluminum nitride; Automotive industry; Cavitation; Erosion; Grain boundaries; Nickel alloys; Nitriding; Piezoelectric ceramics; Solid solutions; Topography; Cavitation resistance; Erosion behavior; Maintenance operations; Nickel-based superalloys; Nimonic alloy; Performance; Piezo-ceramics; Plasma nitrided; Plasma nitriding; Wear damage; Microstructure	Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Nystrom R.E., Corelation of cavitation damage with other material and fluid properties, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, (1960); Frank J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Kisasoz A., Tumer M., Karaaslan A., Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of nickel superalloy weld metal, Mater. Test, 63, pp. 895-900, (2021); Chen J.H., Wu W., Cavitation erosion behavior of Inconel 690 alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 489, pp. 451-456, (2008); Khajuria G., Wani M.F., High-Temperature Friction and Wear Studies of Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 Against Nimonic 75 Under Dry Sliding Conditions, Tribol. Lett, 65, (2017); Sun W., Qin X., Guo J., Zhou L., Microstructure stability and mechanical properties of a new low cost hot-corrosion resistant Ni–Fe–Cr based super alloy during long-term thermal exposure, Mater. Des, 69, pp. 70-80, (2015); Liu J.K., Cao J., Lin X.T., Song X.G., Feng J.C., Microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded single crystal to polycrystalline Ni-based super alloys joint, Mater. Des, 49, pp. 622-626, (2013); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Hadar A., The effect of nickel from stainless steels with 13% chromium and 0.10% carbon on the resistance of erosion by cavitation, Rev. Chim, 56, pp. 1169-1174, (2005); Chen F., Du J., Zhoub S., Cavitation erosion behaviour of incoloy alloy 865 in NaCl solution using ultrasonic vibration, J. Alloy. Compd, 831, (2020); Liu Q., Li Z., Du S., He Z., Han J., Zhang Y., Cavitation erosion behavior of GH 4738, Tribol. Int, 156, (2021); Mitelea I., Bena T., Bordeasu I., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Enhancement of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Cast Iron with TIG Remelted Surface, Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci, 50, pp. 3767-3775, (2019); Navneet K., Singh N.V., Andrew S.M.A., Mahajan D.K., Singh H., Cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based cermet coatings for monel K-500, Tribol. Int, 159, (2021); Han S., Lin J.H., Kuo J.J., He J.L., Shih H.C., The cavitation-erosion phenomenon of chromium nitride coatings deposited using cathodic arc plasma deposition on steel, Surf. Coat. Technol, 161, pp. 20-25, (2002); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Housden J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and PAPVD Cr<sub>1−x</sub>N<sub>x</sub> coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 1045 steel, Surf. Coat. Technol, 200, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Espitia L.A., Varela L., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of low temperature plasma nitrided martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 301, pp. 449-456, (2013); Huang W.H., Chen K.C., He J.L., A study on the cavitation resistance of ion-nitrided steel, Wear, 252, pp. 459-466, (2002); Mitelea I., Dimian E., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of gas nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloys, Ultrason. Sonochemistry, 21, pp. 1544-1548, (2014); Manova D., Hirsch D., Gerlach J.W., Mandl S., Neumann H., Rauschenbach B., In situ investigation of phase formation during low energy ion nitriding of Ni80Cr20 alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol, 259, pp. 434-441, (2014); Chollet S., Pichont L., Cormier J., Dubois J.B., Villechaise P., Drouet M., Declemy A., Templier C., Plasma assisted nitriding of Ni-based superalloys with various microstructures, Surf. Coat. Technol, 235, pp. 318-325, (2013); Eliasen K.M., Christiansen T., Somers M., Low temperature gaseous nitriding of Ni based superalloys, Surf. Eng, 264, pp. 248-255, (2010); ASTM G32-2016, (2021); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Riemschneider E., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion improvement following TIG surface-remelting of gray cast iron, Wear, 496–497, (2022); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Patrascoiu C., Balasoiu V., An Analytical Model for the Cavitation Erosion Characteristic Curves, Sci. Bul. Politeh. Univ. Timis. Trans. Mech, 49, pp. 253-258, (2004)		MDPI	19961944			Mater.	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85139912450
52		Fahim J.; Hadavi S.M.M.; Ghayour H.; Hassanzadeh Tabrizi S.A.	Fahim, J. (57204141164); Hadavi, S.M.M. (6506522532); Ghayour, H. (37461305300); Hassanzadeh Tabrizi, S.A. (23990591800)	57204141164; 6506522532; 37461305300; 23990591800	Cavitation erosion behavior of super-hydrophobic coatings on Al5083 marine aluminum alloy	2019	Wear	424-425			122	132	10	38	10.1016/j.wear.2019.02.017	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061609748&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2019.02.017&partnerID=40&md5=aaf1826637790ae50c40ce48372d844f	Al5083 alloy is widely used in marine and ship building industries for the construction of ship structures due to its high strength, fatigue resistance, and relatively good corrosion resistance against salty water. However, cavitation is one of its limiting factors in some important parts such as propellers used for marine applications. In the current research, the cavitation erosion behavior of super-hydrophobic coatings deposited on Al5083 aluminum was studied. The super-hydrophobic coating process included anodizing the surface in sulfuric acid followed by the surface chemical modification process with two Triethoxy Octylsilane (KH-832) and 1 H,1 H,2 H,2H-Perfluoro Octyl-Trichloro Silane (PFOTS) classes. The cavitation test was conducted according to ASTM-G32 standard using the vibration amplitude of 20μ in distilled water. The surface damage on the super-hydrophobic coatings was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cavitation erosion caused the surface roughness of the as-anodized sample to increase from 85.9 nm to 153 nm, whereas for the coated samples, the cavitation process resulted in surface smoothing. In fact, cavitation erosion decreased the surface roughness of KH-832 and PFOTS coated samples from 269 nm to 119 nm and from 251 nm to 167 nm respectively. The number of the cavities formed on the surfaces of KH-832 and PFOTS coatings was more than that in the as-anodized sample due to their rougher surfaces. However, the super-hydrophobic nature of the coatings resulted in the formation of small bubbles. Hence, the depth of the generated cavities in KH-832 and PFOTS samples was lower than that in the as-anodized sample. In fact, the cavities on the coated surface did not penetrate into the substrate and this enhanced the cavitation resistance of the sample. Finally, a model for the cavitation erosion behavior of PFOTS and the anodized samples was presented. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.	Anodizing; Cavitation; Cavitation erosion; Marine alloy; Modelling; Super-hydrophobic coating	Aluminum alloys; Anodic oxidation; Atomic force microscopy; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chemical modification; Construction industry; Corrosion fatigue; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant alloys; Erosion; High strength alloys; Hydrophobicity; Marine applications; Models; Scanning electron microscopy; Seawater corrosion; Ship propulsion; Ships; Surface roughness; Anodized samples; Building industry; Cavitation resistance; Super hydrophobic coatings; Superhydrophobic; Surface chemical modifications; Surface smoothing; Vibration amplitude; Aluminum coatings	Kramer L., Phillippi M., Tack W.T., Wong C., Locally reversing sensitization in 5xxx aluminum plate, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, 6, pp. 1025-1029, (2012); Han M.-S., Ko S., Kim S.-H., Jang S.-K., Kim S.-J., Optimization of corrosion protection potential for stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of 5083-H112 alloy in seawater, Met. Mater. Int., 14, 2, pp. 203-211, (2008); Ertug B., Kumruoglu L.C., 5083 type Al-Mg and 6082 type Al-Mg-Si alloys for ship building”, Am. J. Eng. Res., 4, 3, pp. 146-150, (2015); Eisenberg P., Preiser H.S., Thiruvengadam A., On the mechanisms of cavitation damage and methods of protection, Soc. Nav. Archit. Mar. Eng., (1965); Brassard J.D., Sarkar D.K., Perron J., Fluorine based super hydrophobic coatings, Appl. 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Sci., 10, pp. 6257-6272, (2015); Han J.T., Xu X.R., Cho K.W., Diverse access to artificial superhydrophobic surfaces using block co- polymers, Langmuir, 21, pp. 6662-6665, (2005); Shirtcliffe N.J., McHale G., Newton M.I., Chabrol G., Perry C.C., Dual-Scale roughness produces un- usually water-repellent surfaces, Advanced Materials, 16, 21, (2004); Gorsd M.N., Pizzio L.R., Blanco M.N., Synthesis and characterization of hollow silica spheres, Procedia Mater. Sci., 8, pp. 567-576, (2015); Huang Y.H., Wu J.T., Yang S.Y., Direct fabricat- ing patterns using stamping transfer process with PDMS mold of hydrophobic nanostructures on surface of micro-cavity, Microelectron. Eng., 88, pp. 849-854, (2011); Yang T., Tian H., Chen Y., Preparation of super hydrophobic silica films with honeycomb-like structure by emulsion method, J. Sol.-Gel Sci. Technol., 49, pp. 243-246, (2009); Kinoshita H., Ogasahara A., Fukuda Y., Ohmae N., Superhydrophobic/Superhydrophilic micropatterning on a carbon nanotube film using a laser plasma-type hyper thermal atom beam facility, Carbon, 48, pp. 4403-4408, (2010); Guo Z.G., Fang J., Hao J.C., Liang Y.M., Liu W.M., A novel approach to stable superhydrophobic surfaces, Chem. Phys. Chem., 7, pp. 1674-1677, (2006); Lau K.K., Bico J., Teo K.B.K., Chhowalla M., Amaratung G.A.J., Milne W.I., McKinley G.H., Gleason K.K., Superhydrophobic carbon nanotube forests, Nano Lett., 3, pp. 1701-1705, (2003); Mumm F., van Helvoort A.T.J., Sikoski P., Easy route to superhydrophobic copper-based wire-guided droplet microfluidic systems, ACS Nano, 3, pp. 2647-2652, (2009); Latthe S.S., Imai H., Ganesan V., Rao A.V., Super- hydrophobic silica films by sol-gel co-precursor method, Appl. Surf. 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53		Szala M.; Awtoniuk M.; Latka L.; MacEk W.; Branco R.	Szala, M. (56545535000); Awtoniuk, M. (55209868500); Latka, L. (36661124200); MacEk, W. (57205453526); Branco, R. (23484519200)	56545535000; 55209868500; 36661124200; 57205453526; 23484519200	Artificial neural network model of hardness, porosity and cavitation erosion wear of APS deposited Al2O3 -13 wt% TiO2 coatings	2021	Journal of Physics: Conference Series	1736	1	12033				7	10.1088/1742-6596/1736/1/012033	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097020218&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f1736%2f1%2f012033&partnerID=40&md5=faaa2831afb5ad959cf97b62754ddc2b	The aim of the article is to build-up a simplified model of the effect of atmospheric plasma spraying process parameters on the deposits' functional properties. The artificial neural networks were employed to elaborate on the model and the Matlab software was used. The model is crucial to study the relationship between process parameters, such as stand-off distance and torch velocity, and the properties of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 ceramic coatings. During this study, the coatings morphology, as well as its properties such as Vickers microhardness, porosity, and cavitation erosion resistance were taken into consideration. The cavitation erosion tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32 standard. Moreover, the cavitation erosion wear mechanism was presented. The proposed neural model is essential for establishing the optimisation procedure for the selection of the spray process parameters to obtain the Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 ceramic coatings with specified functional properties. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.		Alumina; Aluminum oxide; Cavitation; Ceramic coatings; Computational methods; Erosion; MATLAB; Oxide minerals; Plasma diagnostics; Plasma spraying; Porosity; Titanium dioxide; Wear of materials; Artificial neural network modeling; Atmospheric plasma spraying; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation-erosion wear; Functional properties; Optimisation procedures; Stand-off distance (SoD); Vickers microhardness; Neural networks	Pawlowski L, The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings, (2008); Latka L, Szala M, Macek W, Branco R, Mechanical Properties and Sliding Wear Resistance of Suspension Plasma Sprayed YSZ Coatings, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 14, pp. 307-314, (2020); Fauchais P L, Heberlein J V R, Boulos M, Thermal Spray Fundamentals: From Powder to Part, (2014); Alontseva D L, Ghassemieh E, Voinarovych S, Russakova A, Kyslytsia O, Polovetskyi Y, Toxanbayeva A, Characterisation of the microplasma spraying of biocompatible coating of titanium, J. Microsc, 279, pp. 148-157, (2020); Maruszczyk A, Dudek A, Szala M, Research into Morphology and Properties of TiO2-NiAl Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Coating, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 11, pp. 204-210, (2017); Kiilakoski J, Musalek R, Lukac F, Koivuluoto H, Vuoristo P, Evaluating the toughness of APS and HVOF-sprayed Al2O3-ZrO2-coatings by in-situ-and macroscopic bending, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc, 38, pp. 1908-1918, (2018); Chmiel J, Jasionowski R, Zasada D, Cavitation erosion and corrosion of pearlitic gray cast iron in non-standardized cavitation conditions, Solid State Phenom, 225, pp. 19-24, (2015); Cui Z D, Man H C, Cheng F T, Yue T M, Cavitation erosion-corrosion characteristics of laser surface modified NiTi shape memory alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol, 162, pp. 147-153, (2003); Amarendra H J, Chaudhari G P, Nath S K, Synergy of cavitation and slurry erosion in the slurry pot tester, Wear, 290-291, pp. 25-31, (2012); Wang Y, Wu J, Ma F, Cavitation-silt erosion in sand suspensions, J. Mech. Sci. Technol, 32, pp. 5697-5702, (2018); Su K, Wu J, Xia D, Classification of regimes determining ultrasonic cavitation erosion in solid particle suspensions, Ultrason. Sonochem, 68, (2020); da Silva F N, de Oliveira P M, Araujo N M, da F T de S, de Carvalho Filho E T, da Cunha J D, da Silva D R, de Medeiros J T N, Corrosion-cavitation-erosion: surface morphology study of a carbon steel in a multiphasic saline bath Matér, (2019); Liang L, Pang Y, Tang Y, Zhang H, Liu H, Liu Y, Combined wear of slurry erosion, cavitation erosion, and corrosion on the simulated ship surface, Adv. Mech. Eng, 11, (2019); Tocci M, Pola A, Girelli L, Lollio F, Montesano L, Gelfi M, Wear and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of an AlMgSc Alloy Produced by DMLS, Metals, 9, (2019); Hattori S, Ishikura R, Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Steller J, International Cavitation Erosion Test and quantitative assessment of material resistance to cavitation, Wear, 233-235, pp. 51-64, (1999); Szala M, Dudek A, Maruszczyk A, Walczak M, Chmiel J, Kowal M, Effect of atmospheric plasma sprayed TiO2-10% NiAl cermet coating thickness on cavitation erosion, sliding and abrasive wear resistance, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, pp. 335-341, (2019); Jasionowski R, Przetakiewicz D, Przetakiewicz W, Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Alloys Used in Cathodic Protection of Hulls of Ships, Arch. Metall. 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Eng, 710, (2019); Salat R, Awtoniuk M, Black box modeling of PIDs implemented in PLCs without structural information: a support vector regression approach, Neural Comput. Appl, 26, pp. 723-734, (2015); Winiczenko R, Salat R, Awtoniuk M, Estimation of tensile strength of ductile iron friction welded joints using hybrid intelligent methods, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 23, pp. 385-391, (2013); Kosowski K, Tucki K, Kosowski A, Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Investigations of Steam Turbine Cascades, J. Turbomach, 132, (2010); Kulisz M, Zagorski I, Matuszak J, Klonica M, Properties of the Surface Layer After Trochoidal Milling and Brushing: Experimental Study and Artificial Neural Network Simulation, Appl. Sci, 10, (2020); Salat R, Salat K, Modeling analgesic drug interactions using support vector regression: a new approach to isobolographic analysis, J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods, 71, pp. 95-102, (2015); Salat R, Salat K, The application of support vector regression for prediction of the antiallodynic effect of drug combinations in the mouse model of streptozocin-induced diabetic neuropathy, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed, 111, pp. 330-337, (2013); Jafarzadeh K, Valefi Z, Ghavidel B, The effect of plasma spray parameters on the cavitation erosion of Al2O3-TiO2 coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 205, pp. 1850-1855, (2010); Latka L, Szala M, Michalak M, Palka T, Impact of atmospheric plasma spray parameters on cavitation erosion resistance of Al2O3-13%TiO2 coatings, Acta Phys. Pol. 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Sci, 19, pp. 5-17, (2019); ASTM G32-10: Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Tangirala A K, Principles of system identification : theory and practice, (2015); Latka L, Pawlowski L, Winnicki M, Sokolowski P, Malachowska A, Kozerski S, Review of Functionally Graded Thermal Sprayed Coatings, Appl. Sci, 10, (2020); Meghwal A, Anupam A, Murty B S, Berndt C C, Kottada R S, Ang A S M, Thermal Spray High-Entropy Alloy Coatings: A Review, J. Therm. Spray Technol, 29, pp. 857-893, (2020); Yilmaz R, Kurt A O, Demir A, Tatli Z, Effects of TiO2 on the mechanical properties of the Al2O3-TiO2 plasma sprayed coating, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc, 27, pp. 1319-1323, (2007); Matikainen V, Niemi K, Koivuluoto H, Vuoristo P, Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation Erosion Wear Properties of Thermally Sprayed Alumina Based, Coatings Coatings, 4, pp. 18-36, (2014); Davis J R, Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology (ASM International), (2004); Szala M, Latka L, Awtoniuk M, Winnicki M, Michalak M, Neural modelling of APS thermal spray process parameters for optimising the hardness, porosity and cavitation erosion resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 coatings (in press), Processes, 8, (2020)		IOP Publishing Ltd	17426588			J. Phys. Conf. Ser.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85097020218
54		Mušálek R.; Nardozza E.; Tesař T.; Medřický J.	Mušálek, Radek (28367845600); Nardozza, Emanuele (57211517415); Tesař, Tomáš (57193545531); Medřický, Jan (56312824000)	28367845600; 57211517415; 57193545531; 56312824000	Evaluation of internal cohesion of multiphase plasma-sprayed coatings by cavitation test: Feasibility study	2020	Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings	27			73	78	5	1	10.14311/APP.2020.27.0073	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100896559&doi=10.14311%2fAPP.2020.27.0073&partnerID=40&md5=1f256212539ef2e492c36a31e4b1c9db	Mechanical characterization of plasma-sprayed coatings at microscopic level represents a major challenge due to the presence of numerous inherent microstructural features such as cracks, pores, or splat boundaries, which complicate coatings characterization by conventional testing methods. Need for reliable testing of structural integrity of newly developed multiphase plasma-sprayed coatings introduced even more complexity to the testing. In this study, applicability of indirect vibratory cavitation test (adapted from ASTM G32 standard) for such testing was evaluated. Three plasma-sprayed coatings having distinctive microstructures were tested: i) conventional alumina coating deposited from coarse powder, ii) hybrid coating deposited by co-spraying of coarse alumina powder and fine yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) suspension, and iii) compact alumina coating deposited from fine ethanol-based suspension. Differences in the coatings internal cohesion were reflected in different failure mechanisms observed within the cavitation crater by scanning electron microscopy and mean erosion rates being i) 280 µm/hour, ii) 97 µm/hour and iii) 14 µm/hour, respectively. © Czech Technical University in Prague, 2020.	Cavitation damage; Cohesion; Failure analysis; Plasma spray coatings		Nohava J., Musalek R., Matejicek J., Vilemova M., A contribution to understanding the results of instrumented indentation on thermal spray coatings - case study on Al2O3 and stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, 240, pp. 243-249, (2014); Standard test method for adhesion or cohesion strength of thermal spray coatings, american society for testing and materials (astm), pp. c633-13, (2017); Musalek R., Pejchal V., Vilemova M., Matejicek J., Multiple-approach evaluation of wsp coatings adhesion/cohesion strength, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 22, pp. 221-232, (2013); Matikainen V., Peregrina S. R., Ojala N., Et al., Erosion wear performance of WC-10Co4Cr and Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings sprayed with high-velocity thermal spray processes, Surface and Coatings Technology, 370, pp. 196-212, (2019); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Abrasion, erosion and cavitation erosion wear properties of thermally sprayed alumina based coatings, Coatings, 4, pp. 18-36, (2014); Kiilakoski J., Puranen J., Heinonen E., Et al., Characterization of powder-precursor HVOF-Sprayed Al2O3-YSZ/ZrO2 coatings, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 28, pp. 98-107, (2019); Chahine G. L., Franc J.-P., Karimi A., Laboratory Testing Methods of Cavitation Erosion, pp. 21-35, (2014); Lee H.-B., Park C.-S., Son S.-M., Et al., Combatting rudder erosion with cavitation-resistant coating, Journal of Protective Coatings & Linings, 32, 3, pp. 38-41, (2015); ASTM G32 - 16 standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, (2016); Tesar T., Musalek R., Medricky J., Et al., Development of suspension plasma sprayed alumina coatings with high enthalpy plasma torch, Surface and Coatings Technology, 325, pp. 277-288, (2017); Musalek R., Medricky J., Tesar T., Et al., Suspensions plasma spraying of ceramics with hybrid water-stabilized plasma technology, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 26, pp. 37-46, (2017); Medricky J., Musalek R., Janata M., Et al., Cost-effective plasma spraying for large-scale applications, ITSC 2018 - Proc. Int. Therm. Spray Conf, pp. 683-689, (2018); Kuroda S., Clyne T., The quenching stress in thermally sprayed coatings, Thin Solid Films, 200, 1, pp. 49-66, (1991); Musalek R., Medricky J., Tesar T., Et al., Controlling microstructure of yttria-stabilized zirconia prepared from suspensions and solutions by plasma spraying with high feed rates, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 26, 8, pp. 1787-1803, (2017)	Nemecek J.; Hausild P.; Ctvrtlik R.	Czech Technical University	23365382	978-800106735-2		Acta Polytech. CTU Proc.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85100896559
55		Tocci M.; Pola A.; Montesano L.; La Vecchia G.M.	Tocci, Marialaura (55797597700); Pola, Annalisa (8616888900); Montesano, Lorenzo (36806747600); La Vecchia, G. Marina (7004576430)	55797597700; 8616888900; 36806747600; 7004576430	Evaluation of cavitation erosion resistance of Al-Si casting alloys: Effect of eutectic and intermetallic phases	2018	Frattura ed Integrita Strutturale	12	43		218	230	12	6	10.3221/IGF-ESIS.43.17	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039062915&doi=10.3221%2fIGF-ESIS.43.17&partnerID=40&md5=903b9d00a44e25b04066ce9bfca0f99e	In the present paper, the influence of eutectic and intermetallic phases on cavitation resistance of Al-Si alloys was studied. In fact, Al-Si alloys are commonly used for the production of components, such as cylinders, pistons, pumps, valves and combustion chambers, which in service may incur in cavitation phenomenon. Samples of AlSi3, AlSi9 and AlSi9CuFe were characterized from the microstructural point of view. Hardness measurements were also performed. Subsequently, cavitation tests were carried out according to ASTM G32 standard and the erosion mechanism was examined by scanning electron microscope. It was found the both eutectic and intermetallic phases enhance cavitation resistance, expressed in terms of mass loss. Particularly, intermetallic particles with complex morphologies provide a positive contribution, exceeding that of other microstructural features, as grain size. The effect of T6 heat treatment was also evaluated. It was confirmed that the precipitation of fine strengthening particles in the Al matrix successfully hinders the movement of dislocations, resulting in a longer incubation stage and a lower mass loss for heat-treated samples in comparison with as-cast ones. Finally, the relationship between cavitation resistance and material hardness was investigated. © 2018, Gruppo Italiano Frattura. All rights reserved.	Al-Si alloys; Brinell hardness; Cavitation erosion; Intermetallics; Scanning electron microscopy	Aluminum metallography; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Copper compounds; Engines; Erosion; Eutectics; Intermetallics; Iron compounds; Precipitation (chemical); Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon alloys; Al-Si alloy; Brinell hardness; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation phenomenon; Cavitation resistance; Inter-metallic particle; Microstructural features; Strengthening particles; Aluminum alloys	Davis J.R., Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, ASM International, (1999); Okada T., Iwai Y., Hattori S., Tanimura N., Relation between impact load and the damage produced by cavitation bubble collapse, Wear, 184, pp. 231-239, (1995); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Cavitation Erosion of Face Centered Cubic Metals, Metall. Trans. A, 8A, pp. 915-923, (1977); Hansson I., Morch K.A., The initial stage of cavitation erosion on aluminium in water flow, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 11, pp. 147-154, (1978); Preece C.M., Macmillan N.H., Erosion, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci, 7, pp. 95-121, (1977); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergistic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of various engineering alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 290, pp. 145-154, (2000); Dos Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron andnonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Neville A., McDougall B.A.B., Erosion– and cavitation–corrosion of titanium and its alloys, Wear, 250, pp. 726-735, (2001); Li H., Cui Z., Li Z., Zhu S., Yang X., Effect of gas nitriding treatment on cavitation erosion behavior of commercially pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Surf. Coat. 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Perform, 12, pp. 288-297, (2003); Lee S.J., Kim K.H., Kim S.J., Surface Analysis of Al-Mg Alloy Series for Ship after Cavitation Test, Surf, Interface Anal, 44, pp. 1389-1392, (2011); Laguna-Camacho J.R., Lewis R., Vite-Torres M., Mendez-Mendez J.V., A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301, pp. 467-476, (2013); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloys, J. Mater. Sci, 29, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Gottardi G., Tocci M., Montesano M., Pola A., Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging, Wear, 394-395, pp. 1-10, (2018); Dwivedi D.K., Sharma R., Kumar A., Influence of silicon content and heat treatment parameters on mechanical properties of cast Al–Si–Mg alloys, Int. J. Cast Metal. Res, 19, pp. 275-282, (2006); Wang Y., Liao H., Wu Y., Yang J., Effect of Si content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Si–Mg alloys, Mater. Des, 53, pp. 634-638, (2014); Ceschini L., Boromei I., Morri A., Seifeddine S., Svensson I.L., Effect of Fe content and microstructural features on the tensile and fatigue properties of the Al-Si10-Cu2 alloy, Mater. Des, 36, pp. 522-528, (2012); Taylor J.A., Iron-containing intermetallic phases in Al-Si based casting alloys, Proc. Mat. Sci, 1, pp. 19-33, (2012); Tocci M., Donnini R., Angella G., Pola A., Effect of Cr and Mn addition and heat treatment on AlSi3Mg casting alloy, Mater. Charact, 123, pp. 75-82, (2017); Basavakumar K.G., Mukunda P.G., Chakraborty M., Influence of grain refinement and modification on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7Si and Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys, Mater. Charact, 59, pp. 283-289, (2008); Casari D., Merlin M., Garagnani G.L., A comparative study on the effects of three commercial Ti-B-based grain refiners on the impact properties of A356 cast aluminium alloy, J. Mater. Sci, 48, pp. 4365-4377, (2013); Zhao W., Zhang L., Wang Z., Yan H., Study on Defects of A356 Aluminum Alloy Wheel, Adv. Mat. Res, 189-193, pp. 3862-3865, (2011); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloy matrix/ceramic composites, J. Mater. Sci. Lett, 13, pp. 170-173, (1994); Cosic M., Dojcinovic M., Acimovic-Pavlovic Z., Fabrication and behaviour of Al-Si/SiC composite in cavitation conditions, Int. J. Cast. Metal. Res, 27, pp. 49-55, (2014); Sjolander E., Seifeddine S., Optimisation of solution treatment of cast Al–Si–Cu alloys, Mater. Des, 31, pp. 44-49, (2010); Han Y., Samuel A.M., Doty H.W., Valtierra S., Samuel F.H., Optimizing the tensile properties of Al–Si–Cu–Mg 319-type alloys: Role of solution heat treatment, Mater. Des, 58, pp. 426-438, (2014); Tocci M., Pola A., Raza L., Armellin L., Afeltra U., Optimization of heat treatment parameters for a nonconventional Al-Si-Mg alloy with cr addition by DoE method, Metall. Ital, 108, pp. 141-144, (2016); Davis J.R., ASM Speciality Handbook, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, ASM International, (1993); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Wang Q.G., Davidson C.J., Solidification and precipitation behaviour of Al-Si-Mg casting alloys, J. Mat. Sci, 26, pp. 739-750, (2001); Reif W., Dutkiewicz J., Chiach R., Yu S., Krol J., Effect of ageing on the evolution of precipitates in AlSiCuMg alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 234-236, pp. 165-168, (1997); Bregliozzi G., Di Schino A., Ahmed S.I., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 285, pp. 503-510, (2005); Moustafa M.A., Samuel F.H., Doty H.W., Effect of solution heat treatment and additives on the microstructure of Al–Si (A413.1) automotive alloys, J. Mater. Sci, 38, pp. 4507-4522, (2003); Hovis S.K., Talia J., Scattergood R.O., Erosion mechanisms in aluminum and Al-Si alloys, Wear, 107, pp. 175-181, (1986); Cojocaru V., Campian V.C., Frunzaverde D., A comparative analysis of the methods used for testing the cavitation erosion resistance on the vibratory devices, U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series D, 77, pp. 257-262, (2015)		Gruppo Italiano Frattura	19718993			Frat. Integrita Strutr.	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85039062915
56	Bordeasu	Bordeasu I.; Sîrbu N.-A.; Lazar I.; Mitelea I.; Ghera C.; Sava M.; Mălaimare G.; Bazavan V.	Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Sîrbu, Nicușor-Alin (55523476800); Lazar, Iosif (57200633522); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Sava, Marcela (55892762900); Mălaimare, Gabriel (57214755741); Bazavan, Viorel (57292345400)	13409573100; 55523476800; 57200633522; 16309955100; 57038932100; 55892762900; 57214755741; 57292345400	New results of the heat-treated cuzn39pb3 brass behavior and resistance to cavitation erosion	2021	Key Engineering Materials	890 KEM			173	180	7	0	10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.890.173	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116909312&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fKEM.890.173&partnerID=40&md5=beb516661370bcc7b771efbda3cdd0e4	The paper presents the results of the behavior and resistance to the erosion by vibrating cavitation of the CuZn39Pb3 brass, obtained by quenching the volume heat treatment from 800°C with water cooling, followed by the stress-relief to 250°C, with air cooling. Comparison with both the delivery status and the naval brass (used for ship propellers), based on the characteristic parameters values, recommended by the ASTM G32 standards and used in the Cavitation Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara, shows that the hardness increase resulted from the heat treatment led to a significant increase of resistance to vibrating cavitation. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.	Brass; Cavitation erosion; Cavitation resistance; Volumetric heat treatment	Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Lead alloys; Stress relief; Ternary alloys; Air cooling; Cavitation resistance; Characteristics parameters; Hardness increase; Naval brass; New results; Volumetric heat treatment; Volumetrics; Water cooling; Brass	Lazar I., Tehnici de optimizare a rezistenţei la eroziune prin cavitaţie a unor aliaje Cu-Zn şi Cu-Sn, Teza de doctorat, (Techniques for optimizing the cavitation erosion resistance of Cu-Zn and Cu-Sn alloys, (2020); Lazar I., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M. O., Mitelea I., Craciunescu C. M., Pirvulescu L. D., Sava M., Micu L. M., Evaluation of the brass CuZn39Pb3 resistance at vibratory cavitation erosion, International conference on applied sciences ICAS 2018, (2018); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea cavitaţională a materialelor, (2006); Bordeasu I., Efecte de scară, Timişoara, Teză de doctorat, (Cavitation erosion on materials used in the construction of hydraulic machines and naval propellers, (1997); Oanca O., Tehnici de optimizare a rezistenţei la eroziunea prin cavitaţie a unor aliaje CuAlNiFeMn destinate execuţiei elicelor navale, Teza de doctorat, (Techniques for optimizing the resistance to cavitation erosion of some CuAlNiFeMn alloys for the execution of naval propellers, (2014); Salcianu L., Curgerea în vanele fluture și eroziunea prin cavitaţie a componentelor din oţeluriinoxidabile austenitice, Teza de octorat, (Flow in butterfly valves and cavitation erosion of austenitic stainless steel components, (2017); Karabenciov A., Cercetări asupra eroziunii produse prin cavitaţie vibratorie la oţelurile inoxidabile cu conţinut constant în nichel şi variabil de crom, Teza de doctorat (Research on erosion produced by vibrational cavitation in stainless steels with constant nickel and chromium content, (2013); Mitelea I., Ghera C., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel, International Journal of Materials Research, 106, 4, pp. 391-397, (2015); Micu L, Lazar I, Bordeasu I., Badarau R., Podoleanu C.E., Duma S.T., Pirvulescu L.D., Hluscu M., Evaluation of the Cavitation Resistance of Some Materials Based on Mean Durability, Welding and Material Testing, XXVII, 1, pp. 14-17, (2018); Lazar I., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M. O., Mitelea I., Bena T., Micu L. M., Considerations regarding the erosion mechanism of vibratory cavitation, KOD 2018, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 393, (2019); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Cavitation Erosion Behaviour of Stainless Steels with Constant Nickel and Variable Chromium Content, Materials Testing, 54, 1, pp. 53-58, (2012); Popoviciu M., Bordeasu I., Cavitation resistance evalution for materials used in ship propellers and hydraulic turbine manufacturing, Buletinul Ştiinţific şi Tehnic al Universităţii Tehnice, Timişoara, 39, 53, (1994); Popoviciu M., Bordeasu I, Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test; Geru N., Metalurgie fizică, Editura didactică și pedagogic, (1981); Ghera C., Rolul tratamentelor duplex în creşterea rezistenţei la cavitaţie a oţelurilor pentru aparatura sistemelor hidraulice, Teza de doctorat, The role of duplex treatments in increasing the cavitation resistance of steels for hydraulic systems equipment, (2017); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea cavitationala a materialelor folosite in realizarea elicelor navale, Analele Universitatii din Oradea, Fascicola Mecanica, Cavitation erosion of materials used in the construction of naval propellers, pp. 54-59, (1992); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C. M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, Journal of Tribology-Transactions of the ASME, 138, 3, (2016)	SIRBU N.-A.	Trans Tech Publications Ltd	10139826	978-303571766-2	KEMAE	Key Eng Mat	Conference paper	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85116909312
57	Bordeasu	Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Cosma D.; Uţu I.D.; Buzdugan D.; Crăciunescu C.M.	Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Cosma, Daniela (57446418800); Uţu, Ion Dragoş (57987603600); Buzdugan, Dragoş (36681935400); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)	16309955100; 13409573100; 57446418800; 57987603600; 36681935400; 6603971254	Enhanced cavitation erosion resistance of GX40CrNiSi25-20 cast stainless steels by surface TIG re-melting	2023	Wear	530-531		205058				1	10.1016/j.wear.2023.205058	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165575616&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2023.205058&partnerID=40&md5=be873172603d241d4db6e4c40b10f76d	This study aimed to reduce cavitation erosion effects by improving the surface properties of high-alloyed steel cast parts using the tungsten inert gas (TIG) surface physical modification technique. Local surface melting was performed at different linear energies (El = 4080–8880 J/cm) by varying the current between 100 and 200 A at a constant voltage of 10.2–11.1 V. Hardness increased from 210 to 390 HV5 when a TIG current of 150 A with a linear energy of El = 6630 J/cm was implemented. Using this technique, a surface layer with increased resistance to cavitation erosion was formed. This new surface absorbed large amounts of impact energy owing to a favourable combination of microstructural changes, leading to improved elastic and plastic properties, work hardening, cracking, and failure response. The cavitation erosion performance of the re-melted surface layer was analysed using a piezoceramic vibrating device according to the ASTM G32–2016 standard. Following TIG surface re-melting, the average penetration depth of erosion and the cavitation erosion rate increased by approxmately 6.8 times. Based on optical and electronic metallographic analyses, hardness measurements, and X-ray diffraction, it was shown that the morphology of the surface layer following cavitation erosion tests was affected. Microcraters tended to develop at locations where carbide particles from the alloying elements were previously present. At a current of 150 A, the depth of the microcraters reached values of approximately 15 μm; however, microcrater depth reached 10 μm in the austenite matrix. Based on these investigations, an understanding of the mechanisms that result in the improvement of the resistance to erosion by cavitation of cast high-alloy steels whose surfaces were re-melted using the TIG technique is developed. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.	Cavitation; High alloy steel; Microstructure; TIG re-melting of the surface	Alloy steel; Alloying elements; Carbides; Cavitation corrosion; Ductile fracture; Erosion; Hardness; Microstructure; Morphology; Steel metallurgy; Strain hardening; 'current; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Enhanced cavitations; High-alloy steels; Linear energy; Microcraters; Re-melting; Surface layers; Tungsten inert gas; Tungsten inert gas re-melting of the surface; Cavitation	Franc J.-P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, International metal rewiews, 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Peng K., Kang C., Li G., Matsuda K., Soyama H., Effect of Heat Treatment on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Stainless Steel, pp. 1-9, (2017); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţională a Materialelor, (2006); Berchiche N.A., Franc J.-P., Michel J.M., A cavitation erosion model for ductile materials, J. Fluid Eng., 124, 3, pp. 601-606, (2002); Franc J.-P., Incubation time and cavitation erosion rate of work-hardening materials, J. Fluid Eng., 131, 2, pp. 21303-21317, (2009); Choi J.-K., Jayaprakash A., Chahine G.L., Scaling of cavitation erosion progression with cavitation intensity and cavitation, Wear, pp. 278-279, (2012); Abouel-Kasem A., Ezz El-Deen A., Emara K.M., Ahmed S.M., Investigation into cavitation erosion pits, J. Tribol., 131, pp. 31605-31612, (2009); Pai R., Hargreaves D.J., Performance of environment-friendly hydraulic fluids and material wear in cavitating conditions, Wear, 252, pp. 970-978, (2002); Krella A.K., Krupa A., Effect of cavitation intensity on degradation of X6CrNiTi18-10 stainless steel, Wear, pp. 180-189, (2018); Kwook C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergetic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of various engineering alloys in 3,5%NaCl solution, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, A290, pp. 145-154, (2000); Nair R.B., Arora H.S., Mukherjee S., Singh S., Grewal H.S., Exceptionally high cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance of a high entropy alloy, Ultrason. Sonochem., 41, pp. 252-260, (2018); Momeni S., Tillmann W., Pohl M., Composite cavitation resistant PVD coatings based on NiTi thin films, Mater. Des., 110, pp. 830-838, (2016); Lamana M.S., Pukasiewicz A.G.M., Sampath S., Influence of kobalt kontent and HVOF deposition process on the cavitation erosion resistance of WC-Co coatings, Wear, 398-399, pp. 209-219, (2017); Stella J., Schuller E., Hessing C., Hamed O.A., Pohl M., Stover D., Cavitation erosion of plasma-sprayed NiTi coating, Wear, 260, pp. 1020-1027, (2006); Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Alabeedi K.F.A.O., Microstructure and erosion resistance enhancement of nodular cast iron by laser melting, Wear, 266, 9-10, pp. 925-933, (2009); Kwok C., Man H., Cheng F., Cavitation erosion and pitting corrosion of laser surface melted stainless steels, Surf. Coating. Technol., 99, pp. 295-304, (1998); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Riemschneider E., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion improvement following TIG surface-remelting of gray cast iron, Wear, 496-497, (2022); Verma S., Dubey P., Selokar A.W., Dwivedi D.K., Chandra R., Cavitation Erosion Behaviour of Nitrogen Ion Implanted 13Cr4Ni Steel, 70, pp. 957-965, (2017); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance for low-temperature plasma nitrided Ca-6NM martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 309, pp. 159-165, (2014); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Housden J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and PAPVD Cr<sub>1−</sub>xNx coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 1045 steel, Surf. Coating. Technol., 200, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Mitelea I., Dimian E., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of gas nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloys, Ultrason. Sonochem., 21, 4, pp. 1544-1548, (2014); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation erosion and damage mechanisms of alloys with duplex structures, Mater. Sci. Eng., A242, pp. 108-120, (1998); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, 1-2, pp. 109-116, (2010); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron and nonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, 5-6, pp. 443-448, (2010); Abbasi M., Vahdatnia M., Ali N., Solidification microstructure of HK heat resistant steel, International Journal of Metalcasting/Volume, 9, Issue 4, pp. 14-26, (2015); Haro S., Lopez D., Wong A., Martinez L., Velasco A., Viramontes R., Aging of a heat resistant alloy, 19th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference Proceedings Including Steel Heat Treating in the New Millennium, pp. 1-7, (2000); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., C-tin P., Balasoiu V., An Analytical Model for the Cavitation Erosion Characteristic Curves, 49, pp. 253-258, (2004); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Lo K.H., Developments in laser-based surface engineering processes: with particular reference to protection against cavitation erosion, Surf. Coat. Technol., 291, pp. 189-204, (2016); Dular M., Delgosha O.C., Petkovsek M., Observations of cavitation erosion pit formation, Ultrason. Sonochem., 20, pp. 1113-1120, (2013); Niederhofer P., Huth S., Cavitation erosion resistance of high interstinal CrMnCN austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 301, pp. 457-466, (2013); Abboud J.H., Microstructure and erosion characteristic of nodular cast iron surface modified by tungsten inert gas, Mater. Des., 35, pp. 677-684, (2012); Chang J.T., Yeh C.H., He J.J., Chen K.C., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behavior of Ni–Al intermetallic coatings, Wear, 255, pp. 162-169, (2003); Sreedhar B.K., Albert S.K., Pandit A.B., Cavitation damage: theory and measurements – a revie, Wear, 373, pp. 177-196, (2017); Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu V., New contributions to cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Trans., 34, 1, pp. 39-43, (2006)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85165575616
58		Pavlović M.; Cvetković A.; Dojčinović M.; Trumbulović L.; Milovanović A.	Pavlović, Marko (57198243334); Cvetković, Aleksandar (59062124700); Dojčinović, Marina (15076621000); Trumbulović, Ljiljana (6506539877); Milovanović, Aleksandar (58492058100)	57198243334; 59062124700; 15076621000; 6506539877; 58492058100	CAVITATION RESISTANCE OF BASALT-BASED PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND EPOXY SYSTEM; [KAVITACIONA OTPORNOST ZAŠTITNIH PREMAZA NA BAZI BAZALTA I EPOKSI SISTEMA]	2021	Structural Integrity and Life	21	2		185	189	4	0		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164993775&partnerID=40&md5=bbaf1c853b2e974c4c415c9c8ef76a4b	The paper presents the results of synthesis and characterization of new refractory coatings based on basalt and epoxy system. Coatings are intended to protect the surfaces of parts of equipment and various structures in civil and mechanical engineering and metallurgy which are exposed to wear, corrosion, or cavitation during exploitation. Coating composition, procedures for preparation of components from coating composition, synthesis procedures, and application of coatings are investigated. Several methods are used to characterize the coating: X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample according to ASTM G32 standard. Material resistance to the action of cavitation is determined using the ultrasonic method. In order to monitor the formation and development of surface damage on samples under the effect of cavitation, the morphology of surface coating damage is analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Results show high resistance of the tested basalt-based coatings under the action of cavitation, with low cavitation rate (0.04 mg/ min), low mass losses of coating and minor surface damage during exposure. This indicates the possibility of applying this type of refractory coating for the protection of various metallic and non-metallic structures in conditions of wear and cavitation. © 2021 The Author. Structural Integrity and Life, Published by DIVK.	basalt; cavitation resistance; coatings; epoxy system; protection of structures		Cocic M., Logar M., Matovic B., Poharc-Logar V., Glass-ceramics obtained by the crystallization of basalt, Sci. Sinter, 42, 3, pp. 383-388, (2010); Pavlovic M., Grujic S., Terzic A., Andric Lj, Synthesis of the glass-ceramics based on basalt, Proc. of Serbian Ceramic Soc. Conf. - Advanced Ceramics and Application II - New Frontiers in Multifunctional Material Science and Processing, (2013); Barth T.F.W., Theoretical Petrology, (1962); Yilmaz S., Bayrak G., Sen S., Sen U., Structural characterization of basalt-based glass-ceramic coatings, Mater. Des, 27, 10, pp. 1092-1096, (2006); Pavlovic M., Sarvan M., Klisura F., Acimovic Z., Basalt - raw material for production of aggregate for modern road and rail shroud, Conf. Maintenance 2016, pp. 175-183, (2016); Fiore V., Di Bella G., Valenza A., Glass-basalt/epoxy hybrid composites for marine applications, Mater. Des, 32, 4, pp. 2091-2099, (2011); Todic A., Nedeljkovic B., Cikara D., Ristovic I., Particulate basalt-polymer composites characteristics investigation, Mater. Des, 32, 3, pp. 1677-1683, (2011); Ercenk E., Sen U., Yilmaz S., Structural characterization of plasma sprayed basalt-SiC glass-ceramic coatings, Ceram. Int, 37, pp. 883-889, (2011); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Prokic-Cvetkovic R., Et al., Cavitation wear of basalt glass ceramic, Materials, 12, 9, (2019); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Cavitation Damage of Refractory Materials (in Serbian: Kavitaciona oštećenja vatrostalnih materijala), (2020); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Prokic-Cvetkovic R., Et al., Quality control of refractory coating using an ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample, Research/Expert Conf. - Quality 2019, pp. 137-142, (2019); Franc J.-P., Michel J.-M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, Series Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 76, (2004); Dojcinovic M., Roughness measurement as an alternative method in evaluation of cavitation resistance of steel, Hemijska Industrija, 67, 2, pp. 323-330, (2013); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Prokic-Cvetkovic R., Andric Lj, Cavitation resistance of composite polyester resin/ basalt powder, Struct. Integ. and Life, 19, 1, pp. 19-22, (2019); The Proven Solution for Image Analysis, Media Cybernetics, (1993)		Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK)	14513749			Structural Integr. Vek Konstr.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85164993775
59		Babutskyi A.; Akram S.; Bevilacqua M.; Chrysanthou A.; Montalvão D.; Whiting M.J.; Pizurova N.	Babutskyi, Anatolii (8592841300); Akram, Sufyan (57211278561); Bevilacqua, Mose (23977403300); Chrysanthou, Andreas (6603692151); Montalvão, Diogo (6505946739); Whiting, Mark J. (7101675312); Pizurova, Nada (6505812622)	8592841300; 57211278561; 23977403300; 6603692151; 6505946739; 7101675312; 6505812622	Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of structural metals by alternating magnetic field treatment	2023	Materials and Design	226		111630				2	10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111630	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149752418&doi=10.1016%2fj.matdes.2023.111630&partnerID=40&md5=3586df3781107e8fcdd7efc6cdf23df7	Results of cavitation erosion tests for EN8 steel, nickel-aluminium bronze (NAB), 70/30 brass and aluminium alloy AA2014-T6 following alternating magnetic field (AMF) treatment are presented. These alloys were selected because of their magnetic nature; EN8 steel is ferromagnetic, NAB and 70/30 brass are diamagnetic and AA2014 alloy is paramagnetic. The indirect cavitation erosion tests (ASTM G32–10 standard) were fulfilled at a frequency of 20 kHz in deionized water which was maintained at room temperature and ambient pressure for a predetermined time. The results show significant decrease in the mass loss for all samples that had underg1 AMF treatment. The eroded samples were characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy, while microhardness measurements showed an increase in the surface hardness as a result of the AFM treatment. The results of X-ray diffraction indicated formation of more compressive residual stresses following treatment, while examination by transmission electron microscopy showed evidence of dislocation movement away from grain boundaries. In the case of the NAB and 20014-T6 alloys, there was evidence of new precipitation. By considering the deformed state and the magnetic nature of each alloy, mechanisms explaining the increase in the cavitation erosion resistance due to the treatment are proposed and discussed. © 2023 The Authors	Cavitation Erosion; Dislocation mobility; Magnetic field treatment; Precipitation	Brass; Bronze; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Deionized water; Erosion; Grain boundaries; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Magnetic fields; Residual stresses; Scanning electron microscopy; Single crystals; Alternating magnetic field; Ambient pressures; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Deionised waters; Dislocation mobility; Erosion test; Ferromagnetics; Magnetic field treatment; Magnetic nature; Nickel-aluminium bronzes; Precipitation (chemical)	Rajahram S.S., Harvey T.J., Wood R.J.K., Erosion–corrosion resistance of engineering materials in various test conditions, Wear, 267, 1, pp. 244-254, (2009); Pola A., Et al., Influence of ultrasound treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi7 alloy, Materials, 10, 3, (2017); Jayaprakash A., Et al., Scaling study of cavitation pitting from cavitating jets and ultrasonic horns, Wear, 296, 1, pp. 619-629, (2012); Vaidya S., Preece C., Cavitation erosion of age-hardenable aluminum alloys, Metall. 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Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85149752418
60		Dojčinović M.B.; Cekić O.A.E.; Svetel I.; Ćirić-Kostić S.M.; Bogojević N.M.	Dojčinović, Marina B. (15076621000); Cekić, Olivera A. Erić (58144264400); Svetel, Igor (36502937300); Ćirić-Kostić, Snežana M. (55893316300); Bogojević, Nebojša M. (55892661900)	15076621000; 58144264400; 36502937300; 55893316300; 55892661900	Cavitation Resistance of the Material PA 3200 GF Produced by Selective Laser Sintering	2023	Science of Sintering	55	3		321	329	8	0	10.2298/SOS220522011D	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174002586&doi=10.2298%2fSOS220522011D&partnerID=40&md5=2f9c403173180a46ebcc36686d80ffdc	The present study focuses on the results of cavitation resistance research of samples obtained by the Selective Laser Sintering technology. The samples were made from polyamide powder reinforced with glass beads – PA 3200 GF. The laser-sintered samples were produced from 100% new and recycled powder mixed with 70% of new powder. The samples were tested under cavitation conditions using an ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample according to the ASTM G32 standard. Examination of the morphology of cavitation damage was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The change in mass loss during different cavitation times was measured on the tested samples. The main objective of the research was to determine the validity of the application of the tested material in cavitation conditions. © 2023 Authors.	Cavitation rate; Morphology; PA 3200 GF; Polyamide powder; Selective laser sintering		Pilipovic A., Valentan B., Brajlih T., Haramina T., Balic J., Kodvanj J., Sercer M., Drstvensek I., (2010); Vranic A., Bogojevic N., Ciric Kostic S., Croccolo D., Olmi G., IMK-14 – Research & Development in HM, 23, 2, (2017); Mousah A. A., School of Engineering, (2011); Unal H., Materials & Design, 25, (2004); Hattori S., Nakao E., Yamaoka R., Okada T., Mechanical Engineers, Part A, 65, (1999); Knapp R. T., Daily J.W., Hammit F. G., Cavitation, (1970); Okada T., Iwai Y., Hattory S., Tanimura N., Wear, 184, pp. 231-239, (1995); Shih T. S., Chau S. Y., Chang C. H., AFS Trans, 96, (1988); Suslick S., Crum A., Handbook of acoustics, (1994); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Prokic-Cvetkovic R., Andric Lj., Science of Sintering, 51, (2019); Durmus H., Gul C., Comez N., Uzun R., From metal chips to composite, Science of Sintering, 52, 2, (2020); Kenneth Suslick S., Didenko Y., Fang M. M., Taeghwan H., Kolbeck J. K., McNamara W. B., Mdleleni M. M., Wong M., Jour. Philosoph. Trans. Roy. Soc. A: Mathem. Phys. & Eng. Science, 357, (1999); Dular M., Osterman A., Wear, 265, (2008); Dular B., Bachert B., Stoffel B., Wear, 257, (2004); Wantang F., Yangzeeng Z., Tianfu J., Mei Y., Wear, 205, (1997); Terzic A., Dojcinovic M., Milicic Lj., Stojanovic J., Radojevic Z., Science of Sintering, 53, (2021); AbuSahmin F., Algellai A., Tomic N., Vuksanovic M. M., Majstorovic J., Volkov Husovic T., Simic V., Jancic Heinemann R., Toljic M., Kovacevic J., Science of Sintering, 52, (2020); Material data sheet PA 3200 GF, (2009); Formiga P100., User Manual EOS, (2008); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, G32-92 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (1992); Sushant N., Sharma R. K., Dhiman S., Mater. & Manufact. Proc, (2015)		International Institute for the Science of Sintering (IISS)	0350820X			Sci. Sinter.	Article	Final	All Open Access; Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85174002586
61		da Silva F.G.; Braga E.M.; Ferraresi V.A.; Ferreira Filho D.	da Silva, Fabio Gonçalves (57950922600); Braga, Eduardo M. (56872562800); Ferraresi, Valtair A. (6701787327); Ferreira Filho, Demostenes (57205468758)	57950922600; 56872562800; 6701787327; 57205468758	Coating weld cavitation erosion resistance using austenitic stainless steel and cobalt alloys deposited by GMAW and CW-GMAW	2022	Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering	44	11	569				0	10.1007/s40430-022-03845-9	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141051409&doi=10.1007%2fs40430-022-03845-9&partnerID=40&md5=1060c355781b8a1e3937d1f805b5a9c0	The repair processes more utilized in hydraulic turbines are welding, the Cold-Wire-Gas Metal Arc Welding (CW-GMAW) process, which adds a non-energized wire to the welding pool and presents an advantageous proposal to the conventional welding techniques. This work evaluates the coating weld cavitation erosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel (309LSi) and cobalt alloys (Stellites 21 (CoCrMo) and Stellite 6 alloys (CoCrW)) deposited by GMAW and CW-GMAW on a carbon steel substrate with one buttery layer 309LSi. Cavitation erosive laboratory tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32-92 standard. Wear evaluation was made via mass loss. Cavitation erosion resistance was correlated with the phase characterization analysis using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and chemical composition by optical emission spectrometry. It was found that the coatings presented good weldability, without discontinuities or defects, and had a good surface finish, indicating that the CW-GMAW process can reduce the cost of production. Austenitic alloys presented two phases, with the presence of ferrite spines or laths in the austenitic matrix. For the cobalt alloys, interdendritic and grain boundary carbides were founded in the dendrite form. The microhardness values were by the type of alloy used, with those of 309LSi with values close to or 200 HV, while for the Stellite 21 and Stellite 6 alloys these values reach approximately 300 HV and 350 HV, respectively. Cobalt alloys showed a decrease of approximately 90% of rates and accumulated mass losses with better cavitation resistance performance compared to 309LSi austenitic alloys. Aiming to reduce the cobalt content in the coating, the alloys manufactured using CW-GMAW with Stellite 21 and 309LSi (as cold wire) and with Stellite 6 and 309LSi (as cold wire) showed good cavitation resistance performance at similar levels of roughness and hardness when compared to Stellites 21 and Stellite 6 coatings manufactured using the conventional GMAW process. This research has great potential for turbine repairs and coating applications, and the novelty is the CW-GMAW process usage for development of formulation and deposition of new alloys from commercial wires relating the resistance to erosion by cavitation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering.	Cavitation; Coating; Cobalt; CW-GMAW; GMAW	Austenite; Austenitic stainless steel; Carbides; Chemical analysis; Chromium alloys; Chromium steel; Coatings; Cobalt alloys; Erosion; Gas metal arc welding; Gas welding; Grain boundaries; Hydraulic motors; Microstructure; Optical emission spectroscopy; Probes; Speed; Ternary alloys; Welds; Wire; Arc welding process; Austenitic alloys; Cavitation resistance; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Cold wire; Cold-wire-gas metal arc welding; Gas metal-arc welding; Mass loss; Performance; Stellite 6 alloys; Scanning electron microscopy	Kumar P., Saini R.P., Study of cavitation in hydro turbines—a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, pp. 374-383, (2010); Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, pp. 9-10, (2011); Hattori S., Mikami N (2009) Cavitation erosion resistance of satellite alloys weld overlays, Wear, 267, pp. 1954-1960, (2009); Will C.R., Capra A.R., Pukasiewicz A.G.M., Chandelier J.G., Paredes R.S.C., Estudo comparativo de três ligas austeníticascom cobalto resistentes à cavitação depositadas por plasma pulsado térmico, Soldag Insp, 15, (2010); Liu R., Xi S.Q., Kapoor S., Wu X.J., Effects of chemical composition on solidification, microstructure and hardness of CO-CR-W-NI and CO-CR-MO-NI alloy systems, Int J Res Rev Appl Sci, 5, 25, pp. 110-122, (2010); Jeshvaghani R.A., Shamanian M., Jaberzadeh M., Enhancement of wear resistance of ductile iron surface alloyed by Stellite 6, Mater Des, (2011); Rao K.P., Damodaram R., Rafi H.K., Ram G.D.J., Reddy G.M., Nagalakshmi R., Friction surfaced Stellite coatings, Mater Charact, 70, pp. 111-116, (2012); Giacchi J.V., Morando C.N., Fornaro O., Palacio H.A., Microstructural characterization of as-cast biocompatible Co-Cr-Mo alloys, Mater Charact, 62, pp. 53-61, (2011); Podrez-Radziszewska M., Haimann K., Dudzinski W., Morawska-Soltysik S., Characteristic of intermetallic phases in cast dental CoCrMo alloy, Arch Foundry Eng, 10, pp. 51-56, (2010); Silva H.R., Ferraresi V.A., Effect of cobalt alloy addition in erosive wear and cavitation of coatings welds, Wear, 426-427, pp. 302-313, (2019); Lin Z., Ya W., Subramanian V.V., Deposition of Stellite 6 alloy on steel substrates using wire and arc additive manufacturing, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 111, pp. 411-426, (2020); Cabral T.D., Dias S.E., Filho A.A.C., Influence of a cobalt-based wire injection in austenitic coating deposited via CW-GMAW, J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng, 40, (2018); Silva F.G., Resistência Ao Desgaste Por cavitação De Diferentes Ligas Aplicadas Pelo Processo GMAW Com E Sem adição De Arame Frio, (2014); ASTM G32–03: Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (1998); Modenesi P.J., Soldabilidade dos aços inoxidáveis. Coleção Tecnologia da Soldagem Vol, SENAI-SP, 1, (2001); Ding Y., Liu R., Yao J., Zhang Q., Wang L., Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing via laser cladding for control valve seat sealing surfaces, Surf Coat Technol, 329, pp. 97-108, (2017); Voort G.F.V., Metallography and microstructures of cobalt and cobalt alloys, metallography and microstructures, ASM Handb ASM Int, 9, pp. 762-774, (2004); Fouilland L., El Mansori M., Gerland M., Role of welding process energy on the microstructural variations in a cobalt base superalloy hardfacing, Surf Coat Technol, 201, pp. 6445-6451, (2007); Xu G., Kutsuna M., Liu Z., Sun L., Characteristic behaviours of clad layer by a multi-layer laser cladding with powder mixture of Stellite-6 and tungsten carbide, Surf Coat Technol, 201, pp. 3385-3392, (2006); Metallography and microstructures Vol, (2004); Brownlie F., Anene C., Hodgkiess T., Pearson A., Galloway A.M., Comparison of hot wire TIG Stellite 6 weld cladding and lost wax cast Stellite 6 under corrosive wear conditions, Wear, 404-405, pp. 71-81, (2018); Richman R.H., Mcnaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Cuppari M.G.V., Souza R.M., Sinatora A., Effect of hard second phase on cavitation erosion of Fe–Cr–Ni–C alloys, Wear, 258, pp. 596-603, (2005); Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater Sci Eng A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Kashani H., Amadeh A., Ghasemi H.M., Room and high temperature wear behaviors of nickel and cobalt base weld overlay coatings on hot forging dies, Wear, 262, pp. 800-806, (2007); Diaz V.V., Dutra J.C., Buschinelli A.J.A., D'Oliveira A.S.C., Resistencia a erosão por cavitação de revestimentos depositados pelo processo de soldagem a plasma com arco transferido, Soldag Insp São Paulo, 13, pp. 011-018, (2008); Ribeiro H.O., Buschinelli A.J.A., Dutra J.C., Resistência à erosão por cavitação de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos crmnsin depositados por PTA, Soldag Insp, 15, pp. 121-129, (2010); Madadi F., Shamanian M., Ashrafizadeh F., Effect of pulse current on microstructure and wear resistance of Stellite6/tungsten carbide claddings produced by tungsten inert gas process, Surf Coat Technol, 205, pp. 4320-4328, (2011); Gomes R., Henke S., D'Oliveira A.S., Microstructural control of co-based PTA coatings, Mater Res, 15, 5, pp. 796-800, (2012); Smolina I., Kobiela K., Characterization of wear and corrosion resistance of Stellite 6 laser surfaced alloyed (LSA) with Rhenium, Coatings, 11, (2021); Lima I.R., Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Influência Da Fase Sigma No Comportamento à erosão Por cavitação Em Solda De aço inoxidável austenítico 309L, (2020)		Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH	16785878			J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85141051409
62		Court S.; Corni I.; Symonds N.	Court, Spencer (7007022335); Corni, Ilaria (23468788800); Symonds, Nicola (8669413500)	7007022335; 23468788800; 8669413500	Cavitation erosion performance of Steel, Ceramics, Carbide, and Victrex peek materials	2018	Materials Performance and Characterization	7	5					2	10.1520/MPC20180027	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055246120&doi=10.1520%2fMPC20180027&partnerID=40&md5=eb000efb4f6e2243aa0a3ce64ba2f171	Cavitation erosion has to be taken into consideration during material selection in many industrial sectors, e.g., offshore, marine, and oil and gas, in which components operate under severe working conditions. The cavitation erosion equipment, located at the University of Southampton, uses a vibratory apparatus to compare, rank, and characterize the cavitation erosion performance of materials. This article highlights some of the results obtained from industrial research (consultancy) work employing a Hielscher UIP1000hd 20 kHz ultrasonic transducer (Hielscher Ultrasonics GmbH, Teltow, Germany). The transducer is attached to a titanium horn to induce the formation and collapse of cavities in a liquid, creating erosion (material loss) of the specimen undergoing testing. The results from erosion cavitation testing (in accordance with ASTM G32-16, Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus (Superseded)) of two commercially available steels are presented herein and are shown to have less resistance to cavitation when compared to polyether(ether ketone), ceramic, and carbide materials. These materials are presented, along with Nickel 200, which was used to normalize the results. A plot of cumulative erosion versus exposure time was determined by periodic interruption of the test. Copyright © 2018 by ASTM International.	ASTM G32-16; Carbides; Cavitation; Ceramic; Erosion; Polyether(ether ketone); Profilometry; Vibratory apparatus	Carbides; Cavitation; Ceramic materials; Ethers; Industrial research; Ketones; Offshore oil well production; Profilometry; Testing; Transducers; Ultrasonic transducers; ASTM G32-16; Ceramic; Exposure-time; Industrial sector; Material selection; Standard test method; University of Southampton; Vibratory apparatus; Erosion	Bourne N.K., Field J.E., A high-speed photographic study of cavitation damage, J. Appl. Phys., 78, 7, pp. 4423-4427, (1995); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus (Superseded), (2010); Taillon G., Pougoum F., Lavigne S., Ton-That L., Schulz R., Bousser E., Savoie S., Martinu L., Klemberg-Sapieha J.-E., Cavitation erosion mechanisms in stainless steels and in composite metal-ceramic HVOF coatings, Wear, 364-365, pp. 201-210, (2016); Ahmed S.M., Hokkirigawa K., Ito Y., Oba R., Scanning electron microscopy observation on the incubation period of vibratory cavitation erosion, Wear, 142, 2, pp. 303-314, (1991); Hu H.X., Zheng Y.G., Qin C.P., Comparison of inconel 625 and inconel 600 in resistance to cavitation erosion and jet impingement erosion, Nucl. Eng. Des., 240, 10, pp. 2721-2730, (2010); Li Z., Han J., Lu J., Chen J., Cavitation erosion behavior of hastelloy c-276 nickel-based alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 619, pp. 754-759, (2015); Basumatary J., Wood R.J.K., Different methods of measuring synergy between cavitation erosion and corrosion for nickel aluminium bronze in 3.5% nacl solution, Tribo. Int, 376-377, pp. 1286-1297, (2017); Laguna-Camacho J.R., Lewis R., Vite-Torres M., Mendez-Mendez J.V., A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301, 1-2, pp. 467-476, (2013); Niebuhr D., Cavitation erosion behavior of ceramics in aqueous solutions, Wear, 263, 1-6, pp. 295-300, (2007); Lu J., Zum Gahr K.-H., Schneider J., Microstructural effects on the resistance to cavitation erosion of ZrO<sub>2</sub> ceramics in water, Wear, 265, 11-12, pp. 1680-1686, (2008); Hattori S., Itoh T., Cavitation erosion resistance of plastics, Wear, 271, 7-8, pp. 1103-1108, (2011); Yamaguchi A., Wang X., Kazama T., Evaluation of erosion-resisting properties of plastics and metals using cavitating jet apparatus, SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1386, (2002); Kikuchi K., Hammitt F.G., Effect of separation distance on cavitation erosion of vibratory and stationary specimens in a vibratory facility, Wear, 102, 3, pp. 211-225, (1985); Iwai Y., Okada T., Hammitt F.G., Effect of temperature on the cavitation erosion of cast iron, Wear, 85, 2, pp. 181-191, (1983); Hattori S., Goto Y., Fukuyama T., Influence of temperature on erosion by a cavitating liquid jet, Wear, 260, 11-12, pp. 1217-1223, (2006); Li Z., Han J., Lu J., Zhou J., Chen J., Vibratory cavitation erosion behavior of aisi 304 stainless steel in water at elevated temperatures, Wear, 321, pp. 33-37, (2014)		ASTM International	21653992			Mater. Perform. Charact.	Article	Final	All Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85055246120
63		Hegde M.; Mohan J.; Mushtaq Warraich M.Q.; Kavanagh Y.; Duffy B.; Tobin E.F.	Hegde, Manasa (57209977822); Mohan, Joseph (20436042900); Mushtaq Warraich, Muhammad Qasim (58184134800); Kavanagh, Yvonne (6508077552); Duffy, Brendan (23093517500); Tobin, Edmond F. (44062097600)	57209977822; 20436042900; 58184134800; 6508077552; 23093517500; 44062097600	Cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance of hydrophobic sol-gel coatings on aluminium alloy	2023	Wear	524-525		204766				10	10.1016/j.wear.2023.204766	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152525196&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2023.204766&partnerID=40&md5=04e2b0280b290f61c85978015b12d757	Cavitation erosion and erosion-corrosion are the popular failure modes of hydronautics components namely propellers, valves, turbines etc which occurs due to mechanical destructions and electrochemical corrosion. Erosion corrosion is caused due to surge in the number of solid particles affecting the surfaces whereas cavitation erosion is caused due to steady collapse of cavities or bubbles. Aluminium alloys are widely used in marine renewable industries owing to its high strength, light weight and good corrosion resistance. Despite that, cavitation and erosion-corrosion are the limiting factors for these alloys. The aim of the present work is to produce a coating system capable of replacing chromate-conversion coatings on aluminium alloy by combining an anodised layer with additional deposition of superhydrophobic sol-gel coatings. Fundamental characteristics that affect the coating's corrosion and cavitation erosion namely adhesion and thickness was evaluated. Hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings was evaluated using a Nanoscratch mechanical tester. Electrochemical behaviour of the coatings was assessed using Potentiodynamic scanning (PDS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Prolonged performance was studied using neutral salt spray test (NSS). Cavitation erosion resistance of the coatings was investigated in laboratory using a standard ultrasonic test apparatus according to ASTM G32-16. Erosion rate of the coatings was evaluated based on cumulative mass loss v/s testing time. SEM/EDX was used to evaluate the surface damage caused by erosion-corrosion and cavitation erosion. 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Soc., 164, 6, (2017); Kendig M., Et al., Role of hexavalent chromium in the inhibition of corrosion of aluminum alloys, Surf. Coating. Technol., 140, 1, pp. 58-66, (2001); Agilan P., Saranya K., Rajendran N., Bio-inspired polydopamine incorporated titania nanotube arrays for biomedical applications, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 629, (2021); Varma P.R., Et al., Application of niobium enriched ormosils as thermally stable coatings for aerospace aluminium alloys, Surf. Coating. Technol., 205, 16, pp. 3992-3998, (2011); Comakli O., Yetim T., Celik A., The effect of calcination temperatures on wear properties of TiO2 coated CP-Ti, Surf. Coating. Technol., 246, pp. 34-39, (2014)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final	All Open Access; Green Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85152525196
64		Pavlović M.; Dojčinović M.; Harbinja M.; Hodić A.; Stojanović M.; Čeganjac Z.; Aćimović Z.	Pavlović, Marko (57198243334); Dojčinović, Marina (15076621000); Harbinja, Muhamed (58199353000); Hodić, Atif (58824651700); Stojanović, Mirjana (7004959166); Čeganjac, Zoran (57208749868); Aćimović, Zagorka (6508005160)	57198243334; 15076621000; 58199353000; 58824651700; 7004959166; 57208749868; 6508005160	NEW TYPES OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TEST METHODS	2023	Structural Integrity and Life	23	3		257	260	3	0		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182784860&partnerID=40&md5=3bd6a88518a64a1b0dc7a31755d60c71	The paper presents the results of synthesis and charac-terisation of refractory coatings based on various fillers intended for the protection of metallic structures. Refractory fillers applied are based on mullite, cordierite, zirconium silicate, and pyrophyllite. Refractory filler samples are treated by micronization grinding down to 15 μm filler particles. Methods as XRD, SEM, and optical microscopy are used for characterisation. Performed tests determined the optimal composition of protective coatings and manufacturing pro-cesses. According to standard ASTM G32 an ultrasonic vibra-tional method with stationary sample was used for charac-terising the obtained coatings. The goal of the research was to determine the coating quality and its applications in metallic surface protection in conditions of wear, corrosion, cavitation, and high temperature. All coatings were tested under the same conditions. A comparison of cavitation resis-tance is given for tested coatings. Coating quality is evalu-ated based on cavitation loss rate and on the analysis of sample surface damage formation and development under effects of cavitation. © 2023 Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK). All rights reserved.	cavitation resistance; cordierite; mullite; protective coating; pyrophyllite; zirconium silicate		Franc J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, Series: Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 76, (2004); Qiu N., Wang L., Wu S., Likhachev D.S., Research on cavitation erosion and wear resistance performance of coatings, Eng.Fail. Anal, 55, pp. 208-223, (2015); Sollars R., Beitelman A.D., Cavitation-Resistant Coatings for Hydropower Turbines, (2011); Dojcinovic M., Dordevic V., The possibility of polymer materials application in reparation of hydraulic machinery parts damaged by cavitation, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Research and Development in Mechanical Industry RaDMI 2003, pp. 1706-1711, (2003); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Abrasion, erosion and cavitation erosion wear properties of thermally sprayed alumina based coatings, Coatings, 4, 1, pp. 18-36, (2014); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Influence of the substrate hardness on the cavitation erosion resistance of TiN coating, Wear, 263, 1-6, pp. 395-401, (2007); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Sedmak A., Et al., Syn-thesis and characterisation of mullite-based protective coatings, In: Proc. 53rd Int. Oct. Conf. on Mining and Metallurgy, IOC Bor 2022, pp. 147-150, (2022); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Andric Lj, Et al., Synthe-sis and characterisation of cordierite - based protective coating, Serb. Ceramic Soc. Conf.: Advanced Ceramics and Application X, New Frontiers in Multifunctional Material Science and Pro-cessing, (2022); Pavlovic M., Tanaskovic Z., Dojcinovic M., Acimovic Z., Quality management of protective coatings based on zirconium silicate, Proc. 13th Int. Sci. Conf.: Science and Higher Education in Function of Sustainable Development - SED 2023, 2023, pp. 54-58, (2023); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Harbinja M., Et al., Effects of the application of pyrophyllite in the composition of protec-tive coatings, In: Proc. 54th Int. Oct. Conf. on Mining and Met-allurgy, 2023, pp. 357-360, (2023); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010)		Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK)	14513749			Structural Integr. Vek Konstr.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85182784860
65	Bordeasu	Odagiu P.-O.; Salcianu C.L.; Ghera C.; Buzatu A.D.; Micu L.M.; Luca A.N.; Bordeasu I.; Ghiban B.	Odagiu, Petrișor-Ovidiu (58153386800); Salcianu, Cornelia Laura (56781472200); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Buzatu, Andreea Daniela (57962117300); Micu, Lavinia Madalina (34880633700); Luca, Alexandru Nicolae (58020710300); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Ghiban, Brandusa (23501106400)	58153386800; 56781472200; 57038932100; 57962117300; 34880633700; 58020710300; 13409573100; 23501106400	HEAT TREATMENT PARAMETERS INFLUENCE ON THE CAVITATION RESISTANCE OF AN ALUMINUM ALLOY	2023	UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B: Chemistry and Materials Science	85	3		239	252	13	0		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168543171&partnerID=40&md5=d0166e5bb08c7fc3841bb1df96db478f	The aluminum based alloy are widely used in different applications. The type 2017 A is characterized by high values of mechanical properties, which is why it is used for parts subjected to various mechanical stresses, in the fields of automotive, aviation and also in hydraulic equipment. Lately, as a result of the evolution of machines and mechanical processing processes, its application to high-speed propeller blades and rotors of heat engine cooling pumps has been sought. As these parts work in cavitation mode, in order to increase the resistance to erosion created by micro-jets and shock waves, specialists are investigating the effect of various techniques applied for this purpose. The results of the research on the behavior and strength of the 2017A alloy, heat treated by three aging regimes (180°C, 140°C and 120°C), with the same maintenance duration (24 hours), to the erosion produced by the cavitation generated by vibration are also included in this direction. The analysis of surface degradation, performed based on photographic images from various times and microscopic ones at the end of the cavitation attack, as well as based on the evolution of characteristic curves and parameter values recommended by ASTM G32-2016, it is found that the most appropriate treatment is from 120°C. © 2023, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.	aging heat treatments; aluminum alloys; cavitation erosion	Aluminum alloys; Behavioral research; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; High speed photography; Shock waves; Aging heat treatment; Aluminium-based alloy; Automotives; Cavitation resistance; Heat treatment parameters; ITS applications; Machine processing; Mechanical processing; Mechanical stress; Parameter influences; Cavitation	Mitelea I., Wolfgang T., Materials Science II, (2007); Mitelea I., Wolfgang T., Aircraft Aluminium Grades; Mitelea I., Wolfgang T., Aluminium catalogue; Anton L.E., Bordeasu I., Tabara I., Considerations regarding the use of EPO 99 B resin in manufacturing AXIAL hydraulic machinery runners, Materiale Plastice, 45, 2, pp. 190-192, (2008); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, Revista de Chimie, 58, 12, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Bordeasu I., Monograph of the Cavitation Erosion Research Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timișoara 1960-2020, (2020); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 138, 3, (2016); Luca A.N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Ghera C., Dionisie I., Stroita C.D., Modification of the Cavitation Resistance by Hardening Heat Treatment at 450 °C Followed by Artificial Aging at 180 °C of the Aluminum Alloy 5083 Compared to the State of Cast Semi-Finished Product, HIDRAULICA-Magazine of Hydraulics Pneumatics Tribology Ecology Sensorics Mechatronics, 1, (2022); Stroita D.C., Barglazan M., Manea A.S., Balasoiu V., Double-flux water turbine dynamics, Annals of DAAAM for 2008 and 19th International DAAAM Symposium "Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation: Focus on Next Generation of Intelligent Systems and Solutions, pp. 1325-1326, (2008); Mitelea I., Ghera C., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel, International Journal of Materials Research, 106, (2015); Mitelea I., Ghera C., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test, (2016); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Riemschneider E., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion improvement following TIG surface-remelting of gray cast iron, Wear, 496-497, (2022); Bordeasu I, Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu. O., New contributions to cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Transactions, 34, 1, pp. 39-43, (2006); Popoviciu . I., A New Model for the Equation Describing the Cavitation Mean Depth Erosion Rate Curve, Revista de Chimie, 68, 4, pp. 894-898, (2017); Istrate I., Chera C., Salcianu L., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.C., D.l OSTOIA-Heat Treatment Influence of Alloy 5083 on Cavitational Erosion Resistance, Magazine of Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Tribology, Ecology, Sensorics, Mechatronics, pp. 15-25; Luca A.N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Ghera C., Istrate D., Stroita D.C., Modification of the cavitation resistance by hardening heat treatment at 450°C followed by artificial aging at 180°C of the aluminum alloy typer 5083 compared to the state of cast semifinished product, Magazine of Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Tribology, Ecology, Sensorics, Mechatronics, pp. 39-45; Istrate D., Lazar, Odagiu P.O., Demian M.A, Buzatu A.D., Ghiban B., Influence of homogenization and aging parameters applied to mechanical and structural characteristics of alloy 5083, IOP Conference Series, Materials Science and Engineering, 1262, (2022); Bordeasu I., Ghera C., Istrate I., Salcianu L., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.C., Suta A., Tomoiaga I., Luca A.N., Resistance and Behavior to Cavitation Erosion of Semi-Finished Aluminum Alloy 5083, Magazine of Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Tribology, Ecology, Sensorics, Mechatronics, pp. 17-24; Istrate D., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Istrate B., Sbarcea B.-G., Ghera C, Luca A.N., Odagiu P.O., Florea B., Gubencu D., Correlation between Mechanical Properties—Structural Characteristics and Cavitation Resistance of Rolled Aluminum Alloy Type 5083, Metals, 13, (2023); Istrate D., Sbarcea B.-G., Demian A.M., Buzatu A.D., Salcian L., Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Ghera C., Florea B., Ghiban B., Correlation between Mechanical Properties—Structural Characteristics and Cavitation Resistance of Cast Aluminum Alloy Type 5083, Crystals, 12, (2022)		Politechnica University of Bucharest	14542331		SBPSF	UPB Sci Bull Ser B	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85168543171
66		Romero M.C.; Tschiptschin A.P.; Scandian C.	Romero, M.C. (57205188734); Tschiptschin, A.P. (7004251372); Scandian, C. (26538835500)	57205188734; 7004251372; 26538835500	Cavitation erosion resistance of a non-standard cast cobalt alloy: Influence of solubilizing and cold working treatments	2019	Wear	426-427			518	526	8	14	10.1016/j.wear.2018.12.044	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058941439&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2018.12.044&partnerID=40&md5=af72f17908977d5c4d5cad968259641e	The wear behavior of a non-standard cast cobalt chromium alloy (Co30Cr19Fe), during vibratory cavitation test, was investigated. Low stacking fault energies (SFE) cobalt alloys deform by complex plastic deformation mechanisms, which enhance the cavitation erosion (CE) resistance, since the onset of localized stress, leading to fatigue failure and material removal, is delayed. The purpose of this work is to characterize the main operating deformation mechanisms during cavitation erosion testing of the non-standard Co30Cr19Fe alloy. As cast, solution treated, and 15% and 30% cold rolled specimens were tested. The as cast microstructure consisted of ~2 mm fcc alpha grains and hcp epsilon-martensite. The 1473 K solubilization treatment led to primary recrystallization and formation of 250 µm new grains. The 15% cold worked microstructure consisted of heavily deformed fcc phase containing deformation twins and epsilon-martensite. Ultrasonic cavitation testing was carried out, during 40 h, according to ASTM G32-09. The solubilized specimens presented the worst behavior, whereas, the 30% cold worked specimens were the most CE resistant. The CE results are discussed based on the microstructural parameters: amount of alpha fcc and epsilon-hcp phases, grain sizes, relative amounts of twinning, slip lines and strain induced martensite formation. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.	Cavitation-erosion; Co-Cr alloy; Cold work; Strain induced martensite	Binary alloys; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chromium alloys; Cobalt compounds; Cold rolling; Cold working; Erosion; Iron alloys; Martensite; Metal cladding; Microstructure; Ternary alloys; Twinning; Ultrasonic testing; Cavitation erosion resistance; Co-Cr alloys; Cobalt-chromium alloys; Low stacking fault energies; Microstructural parameters; Plastic deformation mechanisms; Primary recrystallization; Strain-induced martensite; Cobalt alloys	Hansson C., Hansson L.H., Cavitation erosion, ASM Handbook, 18, (1992); Steck B., Sommerfield G., Schineider V., Cavitation on wet cylinders liner of heavy duty diesel engines, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., (2006); Hattori S., Hirose T., Sugiyama K., Prediction of cavitation erosion based on the measurement of bubble collapse impact loads, Wear, 269, pp. 507-514, (2010); Gould G.C., Am. Soc. Test. Mater., 474, (1980); Heathcock C.J., Ball A., Protheroe B.E., Cavitation erosion of cobalt-based stellite alloys, cemented carbides and surface-treated low alloy steels, Wear, 74, pp. 11-26, (1982); Falqueto L.E., Butkus D.J., Mello D.E., Bozzi J.D.B., Scandian A.C., Sliding C., wear of cobalt-based alloys used in rolling seamless tubes, Wear, 376-377, pp. 1739-1746, (2017); Marques F.P., Bozzi A.C., Scandian C., Tschiptschin A.P., Microabrasion of three experimental cobalt-chromium alloys: wear rates and wear mechanisms, Wear, 390, pp. 176-183, (2017); Woodford D.A., Cavitation-erosion-induced phase transformations in alloys. McCAUL, C. An advanced cavitation resistant austenitic stainless steel for pumps, Corrosion, 96, pp. 415/1-415/10, (1996); Richman R.H., Mcnaughton P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-83, (1990); Thomas G.P., Brunton J.H., Drop Impingement erosion of metals, Proc. R. Soc. A, 314, pp. 549-565, (1970); Mccaul C., An advanced cavitation resistant austenitic stainless steel for pumps, Corrosion, 96, pp. 415/1-415/10, (1996); Simoneau R., Lambert P., Simoneau M., Dickson J.I., L'esperance G.L., Cavitation erosion and deformation mechanisms of Ni and Co austenitic stainless steels, IREQ, (1987); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, pp. 311-327, (1982); Vaidya S., Mahajan S., Preece C.M., The role of twinning in the cavitation erosion of cobalt single crystals, Metall. Trans. A, 11, pp. 1139-1150, (1980); Vaidya S., Preece C.M., Dakshinamoorthy S., Influence of crystal structure on the failure mode of metals by cavitation erosion, Erosion: Prevention and Useful Applications, pp. 409-443, (1979); Zhang X.F., Fang L., The effect of stacking fault energy on the cavitation erosion resistance of α-phase aluminium bronzes, Wear, 253, pp. 1105-1110, (2002); Ball A., On the importance of work hardening in the design of wear-resistant materials, Wear, 91, pp. 201-207, (1983); Karimi A., Cavitation erosion of austenitic stainless steel and effect of boron and nitrogen ion implantation, Acta Metall., 37, pp. 1079-1088, (1989); Kim J.H., Na K.S., Kim G.G., Yoon C.S., Kim S.J., Effect of manganese on the cavitation erosion resistance of iron-chromium-carbon-silicon alloys for replacing cobalt-base Stellite, J. Nucl. Mater., 352, (2006); Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Xiaojun Z., Procopiak L.A.J., Souza N.C., D'oliveira A.S.C.M., Phase transformation during cavitation erosion of a Co stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 358, pp. 199-204, (2003); Mills D.J., Knutsen R.D., An investigation of the tribological behaviour of a high-nitrogen Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 215, pp. 83-90, (1998); Niederhofer P., Huth S., Theisen W., The impact of cold work and hard phases on cavitation and corrosion resistance of high intersticial austenitic FeCrMnMoCN stainless steels, Wear, 376-377, pp. 1009-1020, (2017); Mesa D.H., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Influence of cold-work on the cavitation erosion resistance and on the damage mechanisms in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels, Wear, 271, pp. 1372-1377, (2011); Sage M.E., Guillaud C., Méthode d'analyse quantitative des variétés allotropiques du cobalto par le rayons X, Rev. De. Metall., 47, pp. 139-145, (1950); Olson G.B., Cohen M., A general mechanism nucleation: Part I. general concepts and the FCC→hcp transformation, Metall. Trans. A, 7, pp. 1897-1904, (1976); Garcia A.J.S., Mani Menadro A., Salinas Rodriguez A., Effect of solution treatments on the FCC/hcp isothermal martensitic transformation in Co-27Cr-5Mo-0,05C aged at 800°C, Scr. Mater., 40, pp. 717-722, (1999); Ramirez-Ledesma A.L., Lopez-Molina E., Lopez H.F., Juarez-Islas J.A., Athermal ε-martensite transformation in a Co-20Cr: effect of rapid solidification on plate nucleation, Acta Mater., 111, pp. 138-147, (2016); Cuppari M.G., Di V., Souza R.M., Sinatora A., Effect of second phase on cavitation erosion of Fe-Cr-Ni-C alloys, Wear, 258, pp. 596-603, (2005); Farooq M., Kllement U., Nolze G., The role of α- to ε-Co phase transformation on strain hardening of Co-Cr-Mo laser clads, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 442-446, pp. 40-47, (2007); Mesa D.H.G., Ospina C.M.G., Tschiptschin A.P., Mesoscale plasticity anisotropy at earliest stages of cavitation-erosion damage of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 267, pp. 99-103, (2009)		Elsevier Ltd	431648		WEARA	Wear	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85058941439
67	Bordeasu	Mutaşcu D.; Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Buzdugan D.; Franţ F.	Mutaşcu, Daniel (57215884439); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Buzdugan, Dragoş (36681935400); Franţ, Florin (57215883759)	57215884439; 16309955100; 13409573100; 36681935400; 57215883759	Cavitation resistant layers from stellite alloy deposited by TIG welding on duplex stainless steel	2019	METAL 2019 - 28th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings				776	780	4	1		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079409319&partnerID=40&md5=26d7a9e7e32812c005a930b443611bce	The cobalt based alloy, Stellite, was deposited through the TIG welding process on the surface of a Duplex stainless steel to improve cavitation erosion resistance of engineering components that work in aggressive environments. Cavitation tests were performed using ultrasonic vibratory equipment which complies with requirements of the ASTM G32 - 2010 standard. The microstructure of the deposited layers consisted of complex carbides in a Co-Cr solid solution strengthened alloyed matrix with a dendritic structure which ensures high hardness and a significant increase in cavitation erosion resistance compared to the base metal. © 2019 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.	Alloy Stellite; Cavitation; Microstructure; Welding	Binary alloys; Carbides; Cavitation; Chromium alloys; Duplex stainless steel; Erosion; Gas welding; Inert gas welding; Metallurgy; Metals; Microstructure; Stellite; Welding; Aggressive environment; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cobalt based alloy; Complex carbide; Dendritic structures; Deposited layer; Engineering components; TIG welding process; Cobalt alloys	Espitia L., Toro A., Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components, J. Tribology International., 43, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Mitelea I., Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion of sensitized UNS S31803 duplex stainless steels, JOURNAL of MATERIALS ENGINEERING and PERFORMANCE, 25, 5, pp. 1939-1944, (2016); Navas C., Conde A., Cadenas M., de Damborenea J., Tribological properties of laser clad Stellite 6 coatings on steel substrates, J. Surface Engineering., 22, 1, pp. 26-34, (2006); Rosalbino F., Scavino G., Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environment, J. Electrochimica Acta., 111, pp. 656-662, (2013); Apay S., Gulenc B., Wear properties of AISI 1015 steel coated with Stellite 6 by microlaser welding, J. Materials and Corrosion., 55, pp. 1-8, (2014)		TANGER Ltd.		978-808729492-5		METAL - Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.	Conference paper	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85079409319
68		Ning L.; Yang X.; Zhao J.; Li Y.	Ning, Liping (57224974879); Yang, Xindong (57750792800); Zhao, Jingtao (57220195927); Li, Yinglong (56228595600)	57224974879; 57750792800; 57220195927; 56228595600	Investigation on Ultrasonic Cavitation Erosion Behavior of 2024 Aluminum Alloy in Distilled Water	2022	6th International Conference on ThermoMechanical Processing, TMP 2022 - Proceedings				583	587	4	0		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148003992&partnerID=40&md5=ab771521b1b8c9d4c66da1b373cbfe78	Cavitation erosion is a common natural phenomenon. The surface damage, material erosion, and noise impact caused by cavitation erosion have caused widespread concern. In this study, ultrasonic cavitation corrosion experiments were carried out on 2024 aluminum alloys using ultrasonic cavitation equipment according to ASTM G32 standard. The ultrasonic cavitation corrosion behaviors of 2024 aluminum alloys in distilled water were evaluated by cumulative mass loss, scanning electron microscopy, and three-dimensional topography. The results show that mass loss and surface damage of 2024 aluminum alloy significantly increased with the increasing cavitation erosion time. In the initial stage of ultrasonic cavitation erosion, the erosion and material mass loss were negligible. With the increase of cavitation time, cavitation bubbles repeatedly act on the material surface, resulting in the accumulation of deformation and eventually material denudation. After cavitation erosion for 300 min, the maximum cumulative mass loss of 2024 aluminum alloy was 19.7 mg, the cumulative weight loss rate was 0.066 mg/min, and the maximum cavitation pit depth was 280 μm. © TMP 2022 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.	2024 aluminum alloys; cavitation erosion; cavitation pit; surface damage	Aluminum alloys; Aluminum corrosion; Cavitation corrosion; Corrosive effects; Erosion; Noise pollution; Scanning electron microscopy; Topography; 2024 aluminium alloys; Cavitation pit; Distilled water; Erosion behavior; Mass loss; Material erosion; Natural phenomenon; Noise impact; Surface damages; Ultrasonic cavitation; Cavitation	Wei X, Liu H, Jie C., Effects of NaCl Solution Mass Fraction and Cavitation Time on Cavitation Erosion of Corroded Aluminum Bronze[J], Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 31, 2, (2021); Zhang T., Research on cavitation behavior and mechanism of lead brass alloy under ultrasonic action, (2018); Long Z, Liu X., Effect of Ultrasonic Cavitation on Surface Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Steel[J], Chinese Scientific and Technological Papers, 8, (2013); Xue W, Chen Z., Research on Microscopic Process of Cavitation Damage[J], Mechanical Engineering Materials, 29, 2, (2005); Gottardi G, Tocci M, Montesano L, Et al., Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging, Wear, 394-395, pp. 1-10, (2018); Kim S J, Hyun K Y, Jang S-K., Effects of water cavitation peening on electrochemical characteristic by using micro-droplet cell of Al-Mg alloy, Current Applied Physics, 12, pp. S24-S30, (2012); Batory D, Szymanski W, Panjan M, Et al., Plasma nitriding of Ti6A14V alloy for improved water erosion resistance, Wear, pp. 374-375, (2017); Ijiri M, Shimonishi D, Nakagawa D, Et al., New water jet cavitation technology to increase number and size of cavitation bubbles and its effect on pure Al surface[J], International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, 1, 1, pp. 12-20, (2018); Szkodo M, Stanistawska A, Komarov A I, Et al., Effect of MAO coatings on cavitation erosion and tribological properties of 5056 and 7075 aluminum alloys, Wear, (2021); Mann B S, Arya V, Pant B K., Influence of Laser Power on the Hardening of Ti6A14V Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Blade Material for Enhancing Water Droplet Erosion Resistance[J], Influence of Laser Power on the Hardening of Ti6A14V Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Blade Material for Enhancing Water Droplet Erosion Resistance, 20, 2, pp. 213-218, (2011); Zhang L M, Ma A L, Yu H, Et al., Correlation of microstructure with cavitation erosion behaviour of a nickel-aluminum bronze in simulated seawater, Tribology International, 136, pp. 250-258, (2019); Tong Z, Jiao J, Zhou W, Et al., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of AA5083 aluminium alloy by laser shock processing, Surface and Coatings Technology, 377, (2019)	Yuan G.; Xu W.	Metallurgical Industry Press		978-750249244-1		Int. Conf. ThermoMechanical Process., TMP - Proc.	Conference paper	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85148003992
69		Park I.-C.; Kim S.-J.	Park, Il-Cho (55907576500); Kim, Seong-Jong (34769651100)	55907576500; 34769651100	Effect of stabilizer concentration on the cavitation erosion resistance characteristics of the electroless nickel plated gray cast iron in seawater	2019	Surface and Coatings Technology	376			31	37	6	6	10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.08.098	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054709447&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2018.08.098&partnerID=40&md5=6d333b1c8cd841f0ba738e434ed54854	In this study, electroless nickel (EN) plating was performed with stabilizer concentration to improve cavitation erosion resistance of gray cast iron under marine environment. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out in natural seawater solution in accordance with modified ASTM G32. The change of stabilizer concentration affected the plating rate, P content, and average crystal size of EN coating. The decrease of the plating rate with the stabilizer concentration and the flake-shaped graphite exposed to the gray cast iron surface negatively affected the cavitation erosion and corrosion prevention. In particular, cavitation erosion damage of EN coating was accelerated due to combined galvanic corrosion when the EN coating was destroyed and the substrate was exposed under the cavitation erosion environment. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.	Cavitation erosion; Electroless nickel plating; Gray cast iron; Seawater	Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Coatings; Corrosion prevention; Erosion; Galvanic corrosion; Plating; Seawater; Seawater effects; Cavitation erosion resistance; Crystal size; Electroless nickel; Electroless nickel plating; Gray cast iron; Marine environment; Plating rates; Stabilizer concentration; Cast iron	Wood R.J.K., Erosion–corrosion interactions and their effect on marine and offshore materials, Wear, 261, pp. 1012-1023, (2006); Ryl J., Wysocka J., Slepski P., Darowicki K., Instantaneous impedance monitoring of synergistic effect between cavitation erosion and corrosion processes, Electrochim. Acta, 203, pp. 388-395, (2016); Zhang S., Wang S., Wu C.L., Zhang C.H., Guan M., Tan J.Z., Cavitation erosion and erosion-corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel by plasma transferred arc welding, Eng. Fail. Anal. J., 76, pp. 115-124, (2017); Wu C.L., Zhang S., Zhang C.H., Zhang H., Dong S.Y., Phase evolution and cavitation erosion-corrosion behavior of FeCoCrAlNiTi<sub>x</sub> high entropy alloy coatings on 304 stainless steel by laser surface alloying, J. Alloys Compd., 698, pp. 761-770, (2017); Basumatary J., Wood R.J.K., Synergistic effects of cavitation erosion and corrosion for nickel aluminium bronze with oxide fi lm in 3.5% NaCl solution, Wear, 376, pp. 1286-1297, (2017); Nan Q.S., Bao X.Y., Wei Y.J., Zheng G.Y., Corrosion and cavitation erosion behaviors of two marine propeller materials in clean and sulfide-polluted 3.5% NaCl solutions, Acta Metall. Sin., 30, pp. 712-720, (2017); Loto C.A., Electroless nickel plating – a review, SILICON, 8, pp. 177-186, (2016); Sudagar J., Lian J., Sha W., Electroless nickel, alloy, composite and nano coatings – a critical review, J. Alloys Compd., 571, pp. 183-204, (2013); Kundu S., Das S.K., Sahoo P., Optimization studies on electroless nickel coatings: a review, Int. J. Manuf. Mater. Mech. Eng., 4, pp. 1-25, (2014); Gadhari P., Sahoo P., Electroless nickel-phosphorus composite coatings: a review, Int. J. Manuf. Mater. Mech. Eng., 6, pp. 14-50, (2016); Munsterer S., Kohlhof K., Cavitation protection by low temperature TiCN coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 74, pp. 642-647, (1995); Yan M., Ying H.G., Ma T.Y., Improved microhardness and wear resistance of the as-deposited electroless Ni-P coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, pp. 5909-5913, (2008); Karrab S.A., Doheim M.A., Aboraia M.S., Ahmed S.M., Effect of heat treatment and bath composition of electroless nickel-plating on cavitation erosion resistance, J. Eng. Sci., 41, pp. 1989-2011, (2013); Liu Z., Gao W., Electroless nickel plating on AZ91 Mg alloy substrate, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, pp. 5087-5093, (2006); Liu Z., Gao W., The effect of substrate on the electroless nickel plating of Mg and Mg alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, pp. 3553-3560, (2006); Ambat R., Zhou W., Electroless nickel-plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy: effect of substrate microstructure and plating parameters, Surf. Coat. Technol., 179, pp. 124-134, (2004); Xie Z., Yu G., Li T., Wu Z., Hu B., Dynamic behavior of electroless nickel plating reaction on magnesium alloys, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 9, pp. 107-114, (2011); Zhang S., De Baets J., Vereeken M., Vervaet A., Van Calster A., Stabilizer concentration and local environment: their effects on electroless nickel plating of PCB micropads, J. Electrochem. 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Alloys Compd., 658, pp. 555-560, (2016); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron and nonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Al-Hashem A., Abdullah A., Riad W., Cavitation corrosion of nodular cast iron (NCI) in seawater: microstructural effects, Mater. Charact., 47, pp. 383-388, (2001); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Pelle M., Creciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of nodular cast iron with ferrite-pearlite microstructure, Ultrason. Sonochem., 23, pp. 385-390, (2015); Franc J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Gutzeit G., Catalytic nickel deposition from aqueous solution. I–IV, Plat. Surf. Finish., 46, pp. 1158-1164, (1959); Madore C., Matlosz M., Landolt D., Blocking inhibitors in cathodic leveling I. theoretical analysis, J. Electrochem. 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Acta, 47, pp. 2969-2979, (2002); Yuan Qin L., She Lian J., Jiang Q., Effect of grain size on corrosion behavior of electrodeposited bulk nanocrystalline Ni, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 20, pp. 82-89, (2010)		Elsevier B.V.	2578972			Surf. Coat. Technol.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85054709447
70	Bordeasu	Bena T.; Mitelea I.; Bordeasu I.; Craciunescu C.	Bena, Traian (57193098582); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Craciunescu, Cornel (6603971254)	57193098582; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6603971254	The effect of the softening annealing and of normlizing on the cavitation erosion resistance of nodular cast iron FGN 400-15	2016	METAL 2016 - 25th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings				653	658	5	3		https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010831574&partnerID=40&md5=ff3b1185e75a079cbb9dd3e6ddf082d1	This paper analyzes, by comparison, the cavitation erosion resistance of the samples treated through softening annealing at 710 ± 10 °C with the purpose of partial spheroidization of pearlite and decomposition of free cementite traces from the microstructure, respectively the samples treated through normalizing at 860 ± 10 °C with the purpose of the pearlite proportion increasing and the cavitation erosion resistance improving. Cavitation tests were conducted on a vibrating device with piezo-ceramic crystals, following standard rules ASTM G32-2010. The microstructure characterization of the heat treated and eroded by cavitation was made by optic microscopy, and scan electronic microscopy. The obtained results show an improvement of cavitation erosion resistance after the application of the heat treatment for normalizing as a follow-up of the structure finishing and growing of the pearlite proportion in the base matrix.	Cavitation erosion; Heat treatment; Microstructure; Nodular cast iron	Carbides; Cast iron; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Characterization; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Iron; Metallurgy; Metals; Microstructure; Pearlite; Base matrix; Cavitation erosion resistance; Electronic microscopy; Follow up; Microstructure characterization; Partial spheroidization; Piezo-ceramics; Vibrating devices; Nodular iron	Hashem Al., Cavitation corrosion of nodular cast iron (NCl) in seawater: Microstructural effects, Materials Characterization, 47, 5, pp. 383-388, (2001); Balan K.P., The influence of microstructure on the erosion behaviour of cast irons, Wear, 145, 2, pp. 283-296, (1991); Hug E., Application of the Monkman - Grant law to the creep fracture of nodular cast irons with various matrix compositions and structures, Materials Science and Engineering A, 518, 1-2, pp. 65-75, (2009); Kurylo P., Possibility of plastic processing of spheroidal cast iron, Procedia Engineering, 48, pp. 326-331, (2012); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionala A Materialelor, (2006); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus ASTM G32-2010; Katona S.E., Influence of the solution treatment temperature upon the cavitation erosion resistance for 17-4 P.H. Stainless steels, Metal 2013: 22rd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 208-214, (2013); Jurchela A., Microstructure and cavitation erosion resistance for stainless steels with 12 % chrom and variable nickel concentrations, Metal 2013: 22rd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 742-748, (2013); Mitelea I., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel, International Journal of Materials Research, 106, 4, pp. 391-397, (2015); Mitelea I., Cavitation erosion of laser - Nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloys with the energy controlled by the pulse duration, Tribology Letters, 59, 2, (2015)		TANGER Ltd.		978-808729467-3		METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.	Conference paper	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85010831574
71		Mago J.; Bansal S.; Gupta D.; Jain V.	Mago, Jonty (57216933160); Bansal, Sandeep (55422180200); Gupta, Dheeraj (59091064100); Jain, Vivek (57202262660)	57216933160; 55422180200; 59091064100; 57202262660	Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr3C2 composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus	2021	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications	235	2		265	292	27	15	10.1177/1464420720961122	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091805651&doi=10.1177%2f1464420720961122&partnerID=40&md5=ec15203ba025bf910a0ece4c3c5cdd6f	Cavitation erosion is the primary cause of material failure of the hydroelectric power plant components. The rapid development in the advanced surface engineering techniques has provided an effective treatment solution for cavitation erosion. One such novel method is microwave cladding. Hence, the Ni–40Cr3C2 composite clad was deposited on austenitic stainless steel (SS-316) using a microwave cladding process in the present study. The processing was carried out in a domestic microwave oven of 2.45 GHz frequency and 900 W power. The developed clad was thoroughly characterized for the metallurgical and mechanical properties related to its behavior as a successful cavitation erosion resistance material, like microstructure, crystal structure, porosity, microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness. The results showed that the stripe-type and agglomerated carbides were present in the Ni–40Cr3C2 clad. The developed composite clad consists of various carbides (SiC, Ni3C, Cr3Ni2SiC, Cr7C3, and NiC) and intermetallic phases (Ni3Fe, Ni2Si, and Cr3Si). Microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the microwave-processed clad were observed to be 605 ± 80 HV0.3, 813.23 ± 16.2 MPa, and 7.44 ± 0.2 MPa√m, respectively. The microwave-processed composite clad performance in terms of cavitation erosion resistance was determined using the ultrasonic apparatus (ASTM-G32-17). The cavitation experiments were carried out according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, taking into account three parameters: standoff distance, amplitude, and immersion depth. The developed composite clad exhibited significant resistance (mass loss 7.6 times lesser as compared to SS-316) to cavitation erosion. ANOVA results showed the standoff distance as the most important factor followed by amplitude and immersion depth. Least cavitation resistance was observed at a smaller standoff distance, higher amplitude, and lower immersion depth. Linear regression equations were obtained to establish the correlation between parameters and cumulative mass loss. The microwave clad specimens tested at optimized test parameters were damaged in the form of fractured intermetallic, extruded lips, pits, and craters. © IMechE 2020.	Cavitation erosion; characterization; composite clad; microwave cladding; surface roughness; test parameters	Bending strength; Binary alloys; Carbides; Cavitation; Crystal structure; Erosion; Fracture toughness; Hydroelectric power; Hydroelectric power plants; Intermetallics; Microhardness; Microwaves; Silicon; Silicon carbide; Cavitation erosion resistance; Correlation between parameters; Domestic microwave ovens; Linear regression equation; Metallurgical and mechanical properties; Parametric investigations; Stand-off distance (SoD); Surface-engineering techniques; Chromium steel	Bilgili M., Bilirgen H., Ozbek A., Et al., The role of hydropower installations for sustainable energy development in Turkey and the world, Renew Energy, 126, pp. 755-764, (2018); Ali S.A., Aadhar S., Shah H.L., Et al., Projected increase in hydropower production in India under climate, change. 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Inst. Mech. Eng. Part L J. Mat. Des. Appl.	Article	Final		Scopus	2-s2.0-85091805651
72	Bordeasu	Bordeasu I.; Popoviciu M.O.; Mitelea I.; Micu L.M.; Bordeasu C.; Ghera C.; Iosif A.	Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Popoviciu, M.O. (23005846700); Mitelea, I. (16309955100); Micu, L.M. (34880633700); Bordeasu, C. (56781536300); Ghera, C. (57038932100); Iosif, A. (35769354100)	13409573100; 23005846700; 16309955100; 34880633700; 56781536300; 57038932100; 35769354100	Researches upon cavitation erosion behavior of some duplex steels	2016	IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering	106	1	12032				2	10.1088/1757-899X/106/1/012032	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960158694&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f106%2f1%2f012032&partnerID=40&md5=76aa63e9c7c4b933dea2e5a179f828c9	This paper presents the cavitation erosion behavior of two stainless steels having a duplex structure formed by austenite and ferrite. The conclusions were obtained by using both the cavitation erosion characteristic curves and the pictures of the eroded surfaces obtained with performing optic microscopes. The researches were focused upon the optimal correlation between the cavitation erosion resistance and the rate of the two structural constituents. The tests were done with T2 facility, with ceramic crystals, which integrally respects the ASTM G32-2010 Standard. The obtained results present the cumulative effect upon cavitation erosion of the chemical composition, mechanical properties and the structural constituents. The results of the researches are of importance for the specialists which establishes the composition of the stainless steels used for manufacturing hydraulic machineries or other devices subjected to cavitation erosion.		Erosion; Hydraulic machinery; Stainless steel; Cavitation erosion resistance; Chemical compositions; Cumulative effects; Duplex steels; Duplex structures; Erosion characteristics; Optimal correlation; Cavitation	Bordeasu I., Cavitation Erosion of Materials, (2006); Karabenciov A., Cercetari Asupra Eroziunii Produse Prin Cavitafie Vibratorie la Ofelurile Inoxidabile Cu Confinut Constant M Nichel Fi Variabil de Crom, (2013); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Sava M., Duma S.T., Badarau R., Correlations between mechanical properties and cavitation erosion resistance for stainless steels with 12% Chromium and variable contents of Nickel, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 57, 1; Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Cavitation erosion resistance of two steels with the same percentage of Chromium and Nickel but different Carbon content, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 57, (2014); Oanca O., Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Craciunescu C., Phenomenology of Degradation by Cavitation for Heat Treated CuNiAlFe Bronzes, 22-th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 1561-1566, (2013); Oanca O., Tehnici de Optimizare A Rezistenfei la Eroziunea Prin Cavitafie A Unor Aliaje CuAlNiFeMn Destinate Execufiei Elicelor Navale, (2014); 2010 Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, pp. G32-G110; Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Micu L.M., Oanca O.V., Bordeasu D., A Pugna and C Bordeasu 2014 Laser beam treatment effect on AMPCO M4 bronze cavitation erosion resistance, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 85, 1; Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Balasoiu V., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, Revista de Chimie, 58, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu V., Patrascoiu C., An Analytical Model for the Cavitation Erosion Characteristic Curves, Scientific Bulletin "politehnica" University of Timifoara, Transaction of Mechanics, 49, pp. 253-258, (2004); Franc J.P., La Cavitation. Mecanismes Phisiques et Aspects Industriels, (1995)	Lemle L.D.; Jiang Y.	Institute of Physics Publishing	17578981			IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Bronze Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-84960158694
73		Guobys R.; Rodríguez Á.; Chernin L.	Guobys, R. (57210864540); Rodríguez, Á. (57199131400); Chernin, L. (7006691464)	57210864540; 57199131400; 7006691464	Cavitation erosion of glass fibre reinforced polymer composites with unidirectional layup	2019	Composites Part B: Engineering	177		107374				10	10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107374	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071723640&doi=10.1016%2fj.compositesb.2019.107374&partnerID=40&md5=38ec0bb614b810d23acda308172e08c8	Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are increasingly used in marine applications and can be subjected to aggressive environmental effects, one of which is cavitation. This study investigates the behaviour of unidirectional GFRP composites exposed to cavitation erosion generated using an ultrasonic transducer. Cavitation erosion tests were performed in accordance with the ASTM G32 standard. All specimens were preconditioned to eliminate the influence of water absorption on the mass loss caused by cavitation. The erosion process was monitored with a microscope and the mass loss was measured at regular periods. The tested specimens were scanned with X-ray computed microtomography. The research findings indicated that the erosion process was affected by several parameters including specimen thickness, distance between fibre bundles, bundle shape and distribution. The initiation and development of erosion damage were highly influenced by the surface condition. Cavitation erosion traced parts of fibre bundles located closer to the surface creating trenches and valleys on the surface. The regions with thick epoxy layers above and between fibre bundles were much less susceptible to erosion damage. Several erosion mechanisms were identified and discussed. The research findings also highlighted the difficulties in characterising ultrasonic cavitation erosion of GFRP composites using acoustic impedance and mean erosion depth. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd	Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites; Surface analysis; Ultrasonic cavitation erosion; X-ray microtomography (Micro-CT)	Acoustic impedance; Bridge decks; Cavitation; Computerized tomography; Fiber reinforced plastics; Glass fibers; Lunar surface analysis; Marine applications; Polymers; Reinforcement; Surface analysis; Ultrasonic transducers; Water absorption; X rays; Erosion mechanisms; Glass fibre reinforced polymers; Influence of water; Specimen thickness; Surface conditions; Ultrasonic cavitation; X ray microtomography; X-ray computed microtomography; Erosion	Hammond D., Amateau M., Queeney R., Cavitation erosion performance of fiber reinforced composites, J Compos Mater, 27, 16, pp. 1522-1544, (1993); Yamatogi T., Murayama H., Uzawa K., Kageyama K., Watanabe N., Study on cavitation erosion of composite materials for marine propeller, Proceeding of ICCM-17 conference. Edinburgh, july, (2009); Graphics V., VGSTUDIO MAX: high-end software for CT data, (2018); Textile-glass-reinforced plastics. Prepregs, moulding compounds and laminates. Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content, (1997); Bohm H., Betz S., Ball A., The wear resistance of polymers, Tribol Int, 23, 6, pp. 399-406, (1990); Standard test method for rubber property—durometer hardness, (2015); Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, (2016); Abdel-Magid B., Ziaee S., Gass K., Schneider M., The combined effects of load, moisture and temperature on the properties of E-glass/epoxy composites, Compos Struct, 71, 3-4, pp. 320-326, (2005); Bian L., Xiao J., Zeng J., Xing S., Effects of seawater immersion on water absorption and mechanical properties of GFRP composites, J Compos Mater, 46, 25, pp. 3151-3162, (2012); Buehler F., Seferis J., Effect of reinforcement and solvent content on moisture absorption in epoxy composite materials, Compos Appl Sci Manuf, 31, 7, pp. 741-748, (2000); Chow W., Water absorption of epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites, Express Polym Lett, 1, 2, pp. 104-108, (2007); Ellyin F., Rohrbacher C., The influence of aqueous environment, temperature and cyclic loading on glass-fibre/epoxy composite laminates, J Reinf Plast Compos, 22, 7, pp. 615-636, (2003); Liao K., Schultheisz C., Hunston D., Long-term environmental fatigue of pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced composites under flexural loading, Int J Fatigue, 21, 5, pp. 485-495, (1999); Mourad A., Abdel-Magid B., El-Maaddawy T., Grami M., Effect of seawater and warm environment on glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composites, Appl Compos Mater, 17, 5, pp. 557-573, (2010); Standard test method for moisture absorption properties and equilibrium conditioning of polymer matrix composite materials, (2014); Standard test method for water absorption of plastics, (2015); Minnaert M.X.V.I., On musical air-bubbles and the sounds of running water, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 16, 104, pp. 235-248, (1933); Bai L., Xu W., Zhang F., Li N., Zhang Y., Huang D., Cavitation characteristics of pit structure in ultrasonic field, Sci China Ser E Technol Sci, 52, 7, pp. 1974-1980, (2009); Feng H., Barbosa-Canovas G., Weiss, J. Ultrasound technologies for food and bioprocessing, (2011); Image processing software ImageJ, (2018); Standard practice for measuring ultrasonic velocity in materials, (2015); Fatjo G., Torres Perez A., Hadfield M., Experimental study and analytical model of the cavitation ring region with small diameter ultrasonic horn, Ultrason Sonochem, 18, 1, pp. 73-79, (2011); Hattori S., Itoh T., Cavitation erosion resistance of plastics, Wear, 271, 7-8, pp. 1103-1108, (2011); Dular M., Osterman A., Pit clustering in cavitation erosion, Wear, 265, 5-6, pp. 811-820, (2008); Philipp A., Lauterborn W., Cavitation erosion by single laser-produced bubbles, J Fluid Mech, 361, pp. 75-116, (1998); Brujan E., Noda T., Ishigami A., Ogasawara T., Takahira H., Dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubbles near two perpendicular rigid walls, J Fluid Mech, 841, pp. 28-49, (2018)		Elsevier Ltd	13598368		CPBEF	Compos Part B: Eng	Article	Final	All Open Access; Green Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85071723640
74	Bordeasu	Belin C.I.; Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Utu I.D.; Crăciunescu C.M.	Belin, Cosmin Ion (57204665992); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Utu, Ion Dragos (6508248410); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)	57204665992; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6508248410; 6603971254	NITRIDING OF NIMONIC 80 A ALLOY FOR IMPROVING CAVITATION EROSION RESISTANCE	2021	METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings				1068	1073	5	0	10.37904/metal.2021.4218	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124336800&doi=10.37904%2fmetal.2021.4218&partnerID=40&md5=1416516552558c29c931a8428f0db200	The paper studies the improvement of cavitation erosion resistance for Nimonic 80A alloy whose surface has been subjected to nitriding. The cavitation erosion tests were performed with an ultrasonic vibrating device in accordance to ASTM G32-2010. The cavitated samples were further investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis of the cavitation curves showed 8.65 times decrease in mass loss and 8 times increase in cavitation erosion resistance of nitrided samples compared to those in solution treatment state. © 2021 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.	Cavitation erosion; Nimonic 80A alloy; Nitriding	Aluminum nitride; Cavitation; Erosion; Metals; Nitriding; Scanning electron microscopy; Ultrasonic testing; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Erosion test; Mass loss; Nimonic 80A; Nimonic 80a alloy; Nitrided; Optical-; Solution treatments; Vibrating devices; Alloys	FRANK J.-P., MICHEL J.M., Fundamentals of cavitation, (2004); NIEDERHOFER P., HUTH S., Cavitation erosion resistance of high interstitial CrMnCN austenitic stainless steels, Wear, 301, 1-2, pp. 457-466, (2013); NEDELCU D, NEDELONI M. D., LUPINCA C.I., Cavitation erosion research on the X3CrNi13-4 stainless steel, Materials Science Forum, 782, pp. 263-268, (2016); KRELLA A.K., KRUPA A., Effect of cavitation intensity on degradation of X6CrNiTi18-10 stainless steel, Wear, 408-409, pp. 180-189, (2018); BELIN C., MITELEA I., BORDEASU I., CRACIUNESCU C.M., On surface topography and microstructure in cavitation erosion tests of alloy 80 A, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 416, (2018); Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test; ALABEEDI K.F., ABBOUD J.H., BENYOUNIS K.Y., Microstructure and erosion resistance enhancement of nodular cast iron by laser melting, Wear, 266, pp. 925-933, (2009); LO K.H., KWOK C.T., WANG K.Y., WENJI AI, Implications of solution treatment on cavitation erosion and corrosion resistances and synergism of austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 392-393, pp. 159-166, (2017); HU H.X., GUO X.M., ZHENG Y., Comparison of the cavitation erosion and slurry erosion behavior of cobalt-based and nickel-based coatings, Wear, 428-429, pp. 246-257, (2019)		TANGER Ltd.		978-808729499-4		METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Met. Mater., Conf. Proc.	Conference paper	Final	All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access	Scopus	2-s2.0-85124336800

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