357 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
357 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
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\field{abstract}{The phenomena of cavitation and cavitation erosion affect hydraulic machines, increasing their maintenance costs. Both these phenomena and also the methods of preventing the destruction of materials are presented. The compressive stress in the surface layer created from the implosion of cavitation bubbles depends on the aggressiveness of the cavitation, which in turn depends on the test device and test conditions, and also affects the erosion rate. Comparing the erosion rates of different materials tested using different tests devices, the correlation with material hardness was confirmed. However, no one simple correlation was obtained but rather several were achieved. This indicates that in addition to hardness, cavitation erosion resistance is also affected by other properties, such as ductility, fatigue strength and fracture toughness. Various methods such as plasma nitriding, shot peening, deep rolling and coating deposition used to increase resistance to cavitation erosion by increasing the hardness of the material surface are presented. It is shown that the improvement depends on the substrate, coating material and test conditions, but even using the same materials and test conditions large differences in the improvement can be sometimes gained. Moreover, sometimes a slight change in the manufacturing conditions of the protective layer or coating component can even contribute to a deterioration in resistance compared with the untreated material. Plasma nitriding can improve resistance by even 20 times, but in most cases, the improvement was about two-fold. Shot peening or friction stir processing can improve erosion resistance up to five times. However, such treatment introduces compressive stresses into the surface layer, which reduces corrosion resistance. Testing in a 3.5\% NaCl solution showed a deterioration of resistance. Other effective treatments were laser treatment (an improvement from 1.15 times to about 7 times), the deposition of PVD coatings (an improvement of up to 40 times) and HVOF coatings or HVAF coatings (an improvement of up to 6.5 times). It is shown that the ratio of the coating hardness to the hardness of the substrate is also very important, and for a value greater than the threshold value, the improvement in resistance decreases. A thick, hard and brittle coating or alloyed layer may impair the resistance compared to the untreated substrate material.}
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\field{journaltitle}{Materials}
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\field{langid}{english}
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\field{number}{5}
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\field{shorttitle}{Degradation and {{Protection}} of {{Materials}} from {{Cavitation Erosion}}}
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\field{title}{Degradation and {{Protection}} of {{Materials}} from {{Cavitation Erosion}}: {{A Review}}}
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\keyw{boronising,cavitation,cavitation erosion resistance,friction stir processing,hardness,HVOF coating,nitriding,PVD coating,shot peening}
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{{hash=71f57eb10950396ed3fa62c703ddaee5}{%
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family={Malayoglu},
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{{hash=c00a172220606f67c3da2492047a9b71}{%
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\field{abstract}{In this paper, results from erosion--corrosion tests performed under liquid--solid erosion conditions in 3.5\% NaCl liquid medium are reported. The focus of the paper is to compare the behaviour of Cast and Hot Isostatically Pressed (HIPed) Stellite 6 alloy in terms of their electrochemical corrosion characteristics, their resistance to mechanical degradation and relationship between microstructure and degradation mechanisms. It has been shown that HIPed Stellite 6 possesses better erosion and erosion corrosion resistance than that of Cast Stellite 6 and two stainless steels (UNS S32760 and UNS S31603) under the same solid loading (200 and 500mg/l), and same temperature (20 and 50{$^\circ$}C). The material removal mechanisms have been identified by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and shown preferential removal of the Co-rich matrix to be less extensive on the HIPed material.}
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\field{issn}{0043-1648}
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\field{journaltitle}{Wear}
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\field{month}{8}
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\field{number}{1}
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\field{series}{14th {{International Conference}} on {{Wear}} of {{Materials}}}
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\field{title}{Comparing the Performance of {{HIPed}} and {{Cast Stellite}} 6 Alloy in Liquid--Solid Slurries}
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\field{urlday}{17}
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\field{urlmonth}{2}
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\field{urlyear}{2025}
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\field{year}{2003}
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\endverb
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\keyw{Cast Stellite 6,Corrosion,Erosion,HIPed,Liquid-solid slurries}
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{{hash=c00a172220606f67c3da2492047a9b71}{%
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\field{labeltitlesource}{title}
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\field{abstract}{Cobalt--base (Stellite) alloys have seen extensive use in wear environments mainly due to their high strength, corrosion resistance and hardness. Co--base superalloys rely primarily on carbides, formed in the Co matrix and at grain boundaries, for their strength and the distribution, size and shape of carbides depends on processing conditions. Currently use of Stellite alloys has extended into various industrial sectors (e.g. pulp and paper processing, oil and gas processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical processing) and the need for improved information regarding corrosion (and often tribo-corrosion) of Stellite alloys has increased. It has been recognised that processing changes, which affect the microstructure of Stellite alloys, will most probably affect the corrosion performance. In this paper the corrosion behaviour of Stellite 6 in the as-cast and the HIP consolidated forms has been compared and contrasted using DC electrochemical techniques in static saline conditions. It has been shown that there is a significant difference in the corrosion performance of HIP consolidated Stellite 6 and it is possible to link the corrosion mechanisms to the microstructure. The benefits of using HIPing as a manufacturing process for the corrosion performance of Stellite 6 are discussed.}
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\field{annotation}{29 citations (Semantic Scholar/DOI) [2025-04-12]}
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\field{issn}{0010-938X}
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||
\field{journaltitle}{Corrosion Science}
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||
\field{month}{8}
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\field{number}{8}
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\field{title}{Assessing the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Corrosion of Cast and {{HIPed Stellite}} 6 in Aqueous Saline Environments}
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\field{urlday}{30}
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||
\field{urlmonth}{6}
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\field{urlyear}{2024}
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\field{volume}{47}
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||
\field{year}{2005}
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||
\field{urldateera}{ce}
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||
\field{pages}{1911\bibrangedash 1931}
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||
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\verb{doi}
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||
\verb 10.1016/j.corsci.2004.09.011
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||
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\verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/W53CCXFR/Malayoglu et al. - 2005 - Assessing the kinetics and mechanisms of corrosion.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/2N27J6MC/display.html;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/IQJ7KFUN/S0010938X04003129.html;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/UMLTNN6H/S0010938X04003129.html
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\endverb
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\keyw{(A) Cobalt,(B) Polarisation,(C) Passive film,Pitting corrosion,Potentiostatic}
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{{hash=c00a172220606f67c3da2492047a9b71}{%
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\field{abstract}{Cobalt-base alloys are of great importance in engineering applications across a wide range of sectors from oil and gas to biomedical and this chapter assesses their metallurgy and their corrosion resistance and performance where corrosion is accentuated by a mechanical wear processes. It is intended to guide the reader to the wealth of research work which has been conducted on Co-base alloys. . {©} 2010 Copyright {©} 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}
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||
\field{booktitle}{Shreir's {{Corrosion}}}
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||
\field{title}{Aqueous Corrosion of Cobalt and Its Alloys}
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||
\field{year}{2010}
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||
\field{pages}{1916\bibrangedash 1936}
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\field{abstract}{Cobalt-base (Stellite) alloys have seen extensive use in wear environments mainly due to their high strength, corrosion resistance and hardness. Co-base superalloys rely primarily on carbides formed in the Co matrix and at grain boundaries, for their strength and wear resistance. The distribution, size and shape of carbides depend on processing conditions. Currently, the use of Stellite alloys has extended into various industrial sectors (e.g. pulp and paper processing, oil and gas processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical processing) and the need for improved information regarding corrosion of Stellite alloys has increased. It has been recognized that processing changes, which affect the microstructure of Stellite alloys, most affect corrosion resistance. In this work the corrosion behaviour of Stellite 6 alloy in the as-cast and the HIPed consolidated forms is compared and contrasted using DC and AC electrochemical techniques in static saline conditions. The results show that there is a significant difference in the corrosion performance of HIP consolidated Stellite 6 and it is possible to link the corrosion behaviour to the microstructure. The benefits of using HIPing as a manufacturing process for the corrosion performance of Stellite 6 are discussed.}
|
||
\field{annotation}{42 citations (Semantic Scholar/DOI) [2025-04-15]}
|
||
\field{issn}{0013-4686}
|
||
\field{journaltitle}{Electrochimica Acta}
|
||
\field{month}{11}
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||
\field{title}{Corrosion Behaviour Assessment of Cast and {{HIPed Stellite}} 6 Alloy in a Chloride-Containing Environment}
|
||
\field{urlday}{15}
|
||
\field{urlmonth}{4}
|
||
\field{urlyear}{2025}
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||
\field{volume}{111}
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||
\field{year}{2013}
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||
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||
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\endverb
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\keyw{Corrosion behaviour,Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS),Passive film,Sodium chloride solution,Stellite 6 alloy}
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||
\endentry
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\field{abstract}{Wear of materials is a serious problem facing industry especially in mechanical applications where moving parts are continuously subjected to friction. Hard coatings prepared by a variety of processes are nowadays considered as effective solutions to protect components against wear. Examples of such processes are: thermal spray coating, vacuum-based coating and hardfacing. In this paper, we study the mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of two hard coating systems: CoCr Stellite 6 (ST6) hardfacing on 316 stainless steel and NiWCrB Colmonoy 88 (C88) thermal spray coating on Inconel 718. The effect of gas nitriding on the microstructure and wear performance of these coating systems is investigated. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural analysis. Micro-indentation technique was utilized to measure the surface and cross-sectional hardness of the coatings. Rockwell indentation technique was used to evaluate coating adhesion in accordance with CEN/TS 1071-8. Pin-on-disk tests were conducted to assess the tribological performance of the coatings. Microstructural analysis showed that ST6 has a cobalt matrix in the form of dendrites reinforced with metal carbide particles whereas C88 has a Nickel matrix reinforced mainly with metal boride particles. ST6 and C88 improved significantly the wear resistance of their corresponding substrates. This is mainly due to good adhesion and high hardness of the coatings; HR15N values of ST6 and C88 were almost 85 as compared to 61 and 80 for 316 and INC substrates, respectively. ST6 was found to improve significantly the corrosion resistance of 316 whereas C88 decreased the corrosion performance of INC. Moreover, nitriding treatment was found to improve significantly the wear resistance of 316 and INC, however, in the case of ST6, nitriding was beneficial in terms of wear resistance only at relatively low load.}
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||
\field{annotation}{0 citations (Semantic Scholar/DOI) [2025-04-16]}
|
||
\field{booktitle}{{{ASME}} 2014 {{International Mechanical Engineering Congress}} and {{Exposition}}}
|
||
\field{langid}{english}
|
||
\field{month}{3}
|
||
\field{title}{Tribo {{Mechanical Properties}} of {{CoCr}} and {{NiWCrB Hardfacing Superalloy Coating Systems}}}
|
||
\field{urlday}{16}
|
||
\field{urlmonth}{4}
|
||
\field{urlyear}{2025}
|
||
\field{year}{2015}
|
||
\field{urldateera}{ce}
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||
\verb{doi}
|
||
\verb 10.1115/IMECE2014-39372
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||
\endverb
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\verb{file}
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\verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/ZS9U4NG6/Azzi et al. - 2015 - Tribo Mechanical Properties of CoCr and NiWCrB Hardfacing Superalloy Coating Systems.pdf
|
||
\endverb
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\entry{wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}{thesis}{}{}
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\name{author}{1}{}{%
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{{hash=f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f}{%
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family={Wu},
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||
familyi={W\bibinitperiod},
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||
given={Xueyao},
|
||
giveni={X\bibinitperiod}}}%
|
||
}
|
||
\list{institution}{1}{%
|
||
{Carleton University}%
|
||
}
|
||
\list{location}{1}{%
|
||
{Ottawa, Ontario}%
|
||
}
|
||
\strng{namehash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f}
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||
\field{abstract}{A novel high entropy alloy (HEA), designated as HE6, is created by combining the features of HEAs and Stellite alloys in this research. The new alloy has the equiatomic Co-Cr-Fe-Ni composition (22 at.\%) with a large amount of W (19 wt.\%), small amounts of C (0.96 wt.\%) and Mo (3 wt.\%). The bulk specimens of HE6 alloy are fabricated from the alloy powder via spark plasma sintering (SPS) and plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding processes. The microstructures of the SPS and PTA specimens are studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and using X-ray diffraction (XRD). A series of material characterization tests such as hardness, wear and corrosion are performed on the bulk HE6 specimens. As the benchmark of Stellite alloy family, Stellite 6 is investigated along with HE6 for comparison. It is found that HE6 alloy has a microstructure which is similar to that of Stellite alloys where various carbides and intermetallics are embedded in a solid solution matrix, but compared to Stellite 6, the FCC solid solution of HE6 consists of multi-element structures (Co, Cr, Fe and Ni), not single FCC Co structure, and also, the carbides and intermetallics in HE6 alloy are more diverse. The hardness and dry-sliding wear tests show that HE6 alloy does not perform as well as Stellite 6. In the electrochemical and immersion corrosion tests, similar to Stellite alloys, HE6 alloy displays passivation ability by forming protective Cr-rich oxide films in 3.5\% NaCl, 2\% HCl and 10\% H2SO4 solutions, but localized corrosion (pitting) can occur when the oxide films are broken. HE6 alloy shows less resistance to corrosion under the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic polarization tests than Stellite 6, but has lower corrosion rates under immersion test in 5\% HCl and 10\% H2SO4 solutions for the longer testing duration (72 hours), also showing nearly stable corrosion rate with testing time, which indicates better repairing ability of the oxide films.}
|
||
\field{langid}{english}
|
||
\field{title}{Microstructure and {{Performance Studies}} of a {{Novel Cobalt High Entropy Alloy}}}
|
||
\field{type}{Master of {{Applied Science}}}
|
||
\field{urlday}{14}
|
||
\field{urlmonth}{3}
|
||
\field{urlyear}{2025}
|
||
\field{year}{2020}
|
||
\field{urldateera}{ce}
|
||
\verb{doi}
|
||
\verb 10.22215/etd/2020-14374
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
\verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/TBH5RZ9Y/Wu - 2020 - Microstructure and Performance Studies of a Novel Cobalt High Entropy Alloy.pdf
|
||
\endverb
|
||
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|
||
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\endrefsection
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|