#+TITLE: Influence of manufacturing process on Cavitation Erosion on CoCrWMoCFeNiSiMn (Stellite 1) alloys #+AUTHOR: Vishakh Pradeep Kumar #+EMAIL: vp2039@hw.ac.uk #+DATE: 2025-08-14 Thu #+DESCRIPTION: #+KEYWORDS: #+LANGUAGE: en #+OPTIONS: H:2 num:t toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t #+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:t skip:nil d:nil todo:t pri:nil tags:not-in-toc #+INFOJS_OPT: view:nil toc:nil ltoc:t mouse:underline buttons:0 path:https://orgmode.org/org-info.js #+EXPORT_SELECT_TAGS: export #+EXPORT_EXCLUDE_TAGS: noexport #+HTML_LINK_UP: #+HTML_LINK_HOME: #+startup: beamer #+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer #+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [english, sections numbered, xcolor=dvipsnames, aspectratio=169] #+EXPORT_FILE_NAME: ./slides.tex #+OPTIONS: H:2 #+COLUMNS: %40ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %9BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %10BEAMER_extra(Extra) #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{babel} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[babel]{microtype} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[babel]{csquotes} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[american]{isodate} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{FiraMono} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usetheme[progressbar=frametitle]{metropolis} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %%% GRAPHICS %%% #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{graphicx} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{pgfplots} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{tikz} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %%% MATH & SCIENCE %%% #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{amsmath} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{amssymb} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{amsfonts} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{amsthm} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{siunitx} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{bm} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{dsfont} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathtools} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %%% FLOATS %%% #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{booktabs} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{tabularx} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[backend=biber, style=ieee]{biblatex} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \bibliography{references.bib} #+LaTeX_HEADER: % DESIGN COLORS #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{accent}{HTML}{7EBDC2} % accent color #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{bgcolor}{HTML}{FCFCFF} % background color #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{bgcolorAlt}{HTML}{ECF1FC} % alternative background color #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{fgcolor}{HTML}{222244} % foreground/text color #+LaTeX_HEADER: % #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamercolor{normal text}{% #+LaTeX_HEADER: fg=fgcolor, #+LaTeX_HEADER: bg=bgcolor, #+LaTeX_HEADER: } #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamercolor{alerted text}{% #+LaTeX_HEADER: fg=accent, #+LaTeX_HEADER: } #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamercolor{palette primary}{% #+LaTeX_HEADER: use=normal text, #+LaTeX_HEADER: fg=normal text.fg, #+LaTeX_HEADER: bg=bgcolorAlt,%normal text.bg #+LaTeX_HEADER: } #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamercolor{block title}{ #+LaTeX_HEADER: bg=bgcolorAlt, #+LaTeX_HEADER: } #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamercolor{block body}{ #+LaTeX_HEADER: bg=bgcolorAlt, #+LaTeX_HEADER: } #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamercolor{block title alerted}{% #+LaTeX_HEADER: use={palette primary, alerted text}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: fg=palette primary.bg, #+LaTeX_HEADER: bg=alerted text.fg #+LaTeX_HEADER: } #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamercolor{block title example}{% #+LaTeX_HEADER: use={block title, alerted text}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: bg=block title.bg, #+LaTeX_HEADER: fg=alerted text.fg #+LaTeX_HEADER: } #+LaTeX_HEADER: % #+LaTeX_HEADER: % PLOT COLORS #+LaTeX_HEADER: %% Paul Tol High Contrast #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{plot0}{HTML}{004488} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{plot1}{HTML}{DDAA33} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{plot2}{HTML}{BB5566} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{plot3}{HTML}{000000} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{plot4}{HTML}{AAAAAA} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %% Paul Tol Vibrant #+LaTeX_HEADER: %\definecolor{plot0}{HTML}{EE7733} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %\definecolor{plot1}{HTML}{0077BB} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %\definecolor{plot2}{HTML}{33BBEE} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %\definecolor{plot3}{HTML}{EE3377} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %\definecolor{plot4}{HTML}{CC3311} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %\definecolor{plot5}{HTML}{009988} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %\definecolor{plot6}{HTML}{BBBBBB} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{block body reference}{size=\scriptsize} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{block title reference}{size=\scriptsize} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{description item}{series=\mdseries} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{alerted text}{series=\bfseries\boldmath} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{bibliography item}{size=\small} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{bibliography entry author}{shape=\upshape,series=\mdseries,size=\small} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{bibliography entry title}{shape=\itshape,series=\mdseries,size=\small} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{bibliography entry journal}{shape=\upshape,series=\mdseries,size=\small} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{bibliography entry location}{shape=\upshape,series=\mdseries,size=\small} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{bibliography entry note}{shape=\upshape,series=\mdseries,size=\small} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{footnote}{size=\fontsize{6pt}{6pt}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \renewcommand{\footnotesize}{\fontsize{6pt}{6pt}} # #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamerfont{footfullcite}{size=6pt} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \setbeamertemplate{title page}{ #+LaTeX_HEADER: \begin{minipage}[b][\textheight]{\textwidth} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \ifx\inserttitlegraphic\@empty\else\usebeamertemplate*{title graphic}\fi #+LaTeX_HEADER: \vfill% #+LaTeX_HEADER: \ifx\inserttitle\@empty\else\usebeamertemplate*{title}\fi #+LaTeX_HEADER: \ifx\insertsubtitle\@empty\else\usebeamertemplate*{subtitle}\fi #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usebeamertemplate*{title separator} #+LaTeX_HEADER: #+LaTeX_HEADER: \ifx\beamer@shortauthor\@empty\else\usebeamertemplate*{author}\fi #+LaTeX_HEADER: \ifx\insertdate\@empty\else\usebeamertemplate*{date}\fi #+LaTeX_HEADER: \ifx\insertinstitute\@empty\else\usebeamertemplate*{institute}\fi #+LaTeX_HEADER: \vfil #+LaTeX_HEADER: \vspace*{1mm} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \end{minipage} #+LaTeX_HEADER: } #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\seprule}{{\par\color{bgcolorAlt!90!fgcolor}\hrulefill\par\vspace*{1ex plus 0pt minus .5ex}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: % Mathematical Writing #+LaTeX_HEADER: \DeclarePairedDelimiter{\abs}{\vert}{\vert} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \DeclarePairedDelimiter{\norm}{\Vert}{\Vert} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \DeclarePairedDelimiter{\ceil}{\lceil}{\rceil} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \DeclarePairedDelimiter{\floor}{\lfloor}{\rfloor} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\inv}[1]{\ensuremath{#1^{-1}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\positive}[1]{\ensuremath{\left[#1\right]^{+}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\diff}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{d}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\imag}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{j}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\e}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{e}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \DeclareMathOperator*{\argmax}{arg\,max} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \DeclareMathOperator*{\argmin}{arg\,min} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %% change these to \mathbb, if you do not want to use the dsfont package #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\reals}{\ensuremath{\mathds{R}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\complexes}{\ensuremath{\mathds{C}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\naturals}{\ensuremath{\mathds{N}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %% #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\expect}[2][]{\ensuremath{\mathbb{E}_{#1}\left[#2\right]}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\unif}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{U}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newcommand*{\normaldist}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{N}}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: % THEOREMS #+LaTeX_HEADER: \theoremstyle{plain}% default #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}%[section] #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newtheorem{lem}{Lemma} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newtheorem{prop}{Proposition} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \newtheorem{cor}{Corollary} #+LaTeX_HEADER: % setup plots #+LaTeX_HEADER: \pgfplotsset{compat=newest} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \pgfplotsset{legend style={fill=bgcolor,draw=fgcolor}} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \pgfplotscreateplotcyclelist{lineplot cycle}{ % #+LaTeX_HEADER: {plot0, mark=*, thick, mark options=solid}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: {plot1, mark=triangle*, thick, mark options=solid}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: {plot2, mark=square*, thick, mark options=solid}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: {plot3, mark=diamond*, thick, mark options=solid}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: {plot4, mark=pentagon*, thick, mark options=solid}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: } #+LaTeX_HEADER: \pgfplotsset{% #+LaTeX_HEADER: betterplot/.style={ #+LaTeX_HEADER: width=.93\linewidth, #+LaTeX_HEADER: height=.5\textheight, #+LaTeX_HEADER: xlabel near ticks, #+LaTeX_HEADER: ylabel near ticks, #+LaTeX_HEADER: cycle list name=lineplot cycle, #+LaTeX_HEADER: mark options=solid, #+LaTeX_HEADER: xmajorgrids=true, #+LaTeX_HEADER: xminorgrids=true, #+LaTeX_HEADER: ymajorgrids=true, #+LaTeX_HEADER: % major grid style={dotted}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: grid style={line width=.1pt, draw=gray!20}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: major grid style={line width=.25pt,draw=gray!30}, #+LaTeX_HEADER: legend cell align=left, #+LaTeX_HEADER: legend style = { #+LaTeX_HEADER: /tikz/every even column/.append style={column sep=0.33cm} #+LaTeX_HEADER: }, #+LaTeX_HEADER: }, #+LaTeX_HEADER: } * Agenda :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_env: frame :END: - Introduction - Aims - Methodology - Results & Discussion - Conclusion * Introduction ** Cavitation Erosion *** A block :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.6 :END: - *What is cavitation?* Collapse of bubbles and the resulting high-frequency high-pressure shock waves. Caused by fluid pressure dropping to vapor pressure, which is particularly common with high fluid flow speeds \cite{krellaDegradationProtectionMaterials2023}. - *Why does it matter?* Cavitation erosion leads to removal of material, crack growth, and part failure. Affects turbine blades, pump impellers, valves, stirrers, etc. #+LaTeX: \note[itemize]{ #+LaTeX: \item Cavitation is the formation of bubbles from small gas nuclei as the local pressure allows the flow to momentarily enter the vapor phase. When these bubbles collapse near a surface, the resulting impinging jet causes high pressures. #+LaTeX: \item These bubbles subsequently collapse as they enter an area of higher pressure, as shown in the figure. The collapse acts like an implosion in which the surface is attacked by high pressure intensity of the impinging jet. #+LaTeX: \item point 2 #+LaTeX: } *** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.4 :BEAMER_env: example :END: Stuff # #+ATTR_LaTeX: :width \textwidth # [[file://../../images/org-beamer/a-simple-slide.png]] ** Stellite mind map :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_env: frame :END: This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points: ** Why ** A simple slide This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points: - the first, very @important@, point! - the previous point shows the use of the special markup which translates to the Beamer specific /alert/ command for highlighting text. The above list could be numbered or any other type of list and may include sub-lists. ** A more complex slide This slide illustrates the use of Beamer blocks. The following text, with its own headline, is displayed in a block: *** Org mode increases productivity :B_theorem: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_env: theorem :END: - org mode means not having to remember LaTeX commands. - it is based on ascii text which is inherently portable. - Emacs! \hfill \(\qed\) ** Two columns *** A block :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.4 :END: - this slide consists of two columns - the first (left) column has no heading and consists of text - the second (right) column has an image and is enclosed in an *example* block *** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.6 :BEAMER_env: example :END: Stuff # #+ATTR_LaTeX: :width \textwidth # [[file://../../images/org-beamer/a-simple-slide.png]] * Aims * Methodology ** Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing *** Text :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.5 :END: Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature. *** Figure of ASTMG32 standard :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.5 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{ASTMG32_standard.png} #+LaTeX: \caption{ASTM G32 apparatus for cavitation testing} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} ** Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing *** Close up picture of cavitation erosion :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.3 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{cavitationCloseUp.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{ASTM G32 apparatus in operation} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} *** Figure of analytical balance :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.3 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{analyticalBalance.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{Analytical Balance} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} *** Figure of sample holder :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.3 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sampleHolder.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{Custom CNC-cut sample holder} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} ** Methodology - Seawater Filtering and pH *** Text :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.3 :END: - Seawater was vacuum filtered in order to remove algae and suspended particles - Seawater pH was measured after calibrating pH meter with buffer solutions of pH 7 and pH 14. *** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.7 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pHMeter.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{pH Meter reading of seawater} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} ** Methodology - Electrochemical Setup *** Text :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.7 :END: - Instrument: Corrtest CS310 Potentiostat connected to conventional three-electrode cell. - Working Electrode (WE): The sample, with an exposed area of *$2{cm}^{2}$*. - Reference Electrode (RE): Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). - Counter Electrode (CE): Graphite plate. - Electrolyte: Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature. *** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.3 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{electrochemicalSetup.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{Three-electrode electrochemical setup} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} ** Methodology - Electrochemical Setup *** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.35 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{electrochemicalSetup_4.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{Embedded sample after test, with corroded region} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} *** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.25 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{electrochemicalSetup_3.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{Top View of electrochemical setup} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} *** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.25 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{electrochemicalSetup_2.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{Initial prototype with platinum counter electrode} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} ** Methodology - Electrochemical Tests - Open Circuit Potential (OCP) Before each electrochemical test, OCP was measured for one hour to ensure each sample reaches equilibrium, before EIS and LPR (explained below). - Electrical Impedence Spectroscopy (EIS) The electrical response of the sample's interface with naturally aerated seawater + Frequency - 10^{5} Hz \rightarrow 10^{-1} Hz + Excitation voltage - *10 mV* and *20 mV* + Spacing - 20 per decade, logarithmic - Linear Polarization Curve (LPR) The current density through the sample with an externally imposed voltage + Voltage - -20 mV wrt OCP \rightarrow 20 mV wrt OCP + Scan rate - 0.1 mV/s + Data Acquisition rate - 10 Hz ** Methodology - X-ray Diffraction (XRD) *** Text :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.4 :END: The constituent phases were examined by X-ray diffraction - Cu $K\alpha$ radiation ($\lambda = \qty{1.5406}{\angstrom}$), - Bragg-Brentano $\theta{}:2\theta{}$, - diffraction angle range $2\theta \in \left[10^\circ,80^\circ\right]$, - step size of $0.02^\circ$, - scanning time of 0.5 sec/step, - sample rotation enabled #+LaTeX: \note[itemize]{ #+LaTeX: \item We used XRD to identify the constituent phases, using fairly standard parameters. The reason we went to the effort of getting XRD was to identify if the manufacturing process caused a difference in proportion of cobalt phase, or in the type of carbides formed. #+LaTeX: } *** Figure of XRD instrument :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.6 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{XRD_instrumentation.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{As-cast sample in the Bruker D8 Advance} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} ** Methodology - Optical Microscopy (OM) & Electron Microscopy (SEM) *** Text :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.7 :END: - Optical Microscopy (OM) Images were taken with Amscope metallurgical optical microscope + eyepiece magnification 10X + auxiliary magnification 5X, 10X, 20X, 50X, 100X - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Images were taken with Vega TESCAN and Oxford Instruments + Secondary Emission (SE) + Backscattered Electrons (BSE) + Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) #+LaTeX: \note[itemize]{ #+LaTeX: \item We used XRD to identify the constituent phases, using fairly standard parameters. The reason we went to the effort of getting XRD was to identify if the manufacturing process caused a difference in proportion of cobalt phase, or in the type of carbides formed. #+LaTeX: } *** Figure of XRD instrument :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.3 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{scanningElectronMicroscopy.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{Screenshot of Vega TESCAN software during data acquisition of BSE image} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} ** COMMENT Methodology - Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) *** Text :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.4 :END: Ma The constituent phases were examined by X-ray diffraction - Cu $K\alpha$ radiation ($\lambda = \qty{1.5406}{\angstrom}$), - Bragg-Brentano $\theta{}:2\theta{}$, - diffraction angle range $2\theta \in \left[10^\circ,80^\circ\right]$, - step size of $0.02^\circ$, - scanning time of 0.5 sec/step, - sample rotation enabled #+LaTeX: \note[itemize]{ #+LaTeX: \item We used XRD to identify the constituent phases, using fairly standard parameters. The reason we went to the effort of getting XRD was to identify if the manufacturing process caused a difference in proportion of cobalt phase, or in the type of carbides formed. #+LaTeX: } *** Figure of XRD instrument :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.5 :END: #+LaTeX: \begin{figure} #+LaTeX: \centering #+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{scanningElectronMicroscopy.jpeg} #+LaTeX: \caption{Screenshot of Vega TESCAN software during data acquisition of BSE image} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} * Results & Discussion * Conclusion * Bibliography :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_env: frame :BEAMER_opt: allowframebreaks :END: #+LaTeX: \printbibliography * COMMENT Preamble Key dates - 11 Aug – Submit abstract for presentation by 0900 UK time. - 13 Aug – Submit presentation slides by 2359 UK time. - 14 Aug – Presentations (timing to be confirmed). Presentation Structure - Title Slide - Project name, your name, supervisor name - Agenda Slide indicating structure of talk @ high level - Rational for work slide(s) - Aims slide - Methodology Slide - Key results Slide - Conclusion Slide - Presentation accounts for 10% of the total grade - Presentation will be in-person, on Dubai campus, open to all. + 15 minutes presentation maximum, with 10 additional minutes for Q&A and feedback. + Print out slides as well as drafts of thesis and work report. + Presentation must be same as submitted on Canvas. + Recommended slide timing: 1-2 minutes per slide 12-15 slides maximum for the 15 minutes. + Practise to ensure you do not exceed 15 minutes + Presentation grade is the average of three academic staff assessors. Suggestions - Please put presentation slide number on each slide. - One substantive point per slide; you do not need to communicate all your results. - Not too wordy - use graphics, videos - Not too busy - white space is good! - Don't overdo the animation ** Rationale Cavitation is the formation of bubbles from small gas nuclei as the local pressure allows the flow to momentarily enter the vapor phase. When these bubbles collapse near a surface, the resulting impinging jet causes high pressures. These bubbles subsequently collapse as they enter an area of higher pressure, as shown in the figure. The collapse acts like an implosion in which the surface is attacked by high pressure intensity of the impinging jet. * COMMENT Items to Bring to the Defense Essentials that you should bring include: - [ ] Your presentation - [ ] A laser pointer - [ ] A copy of your thesis document - [ ] A pen or pencil - [ ] Something to record comments - [ ] A bottle of water