diff --git a/proposal_archive/.DS_Store b/proposal_archive/.DS_Store new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d51390 Binary files /dev/null and b/proposal_archive/.DS_Store differ diff --git a/proposal_archive/.auctex-auto/I-config.el b/proposal_archive/.auctex-auto/I-config.el new file mode 100644 index 0000000..813d342 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/.auctex-auto/I-config.el @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +(TeX-add-style-hook + "I-config" + (lambda () + (TeX-add-symbols + '("fref" 1) + '("tref" 1) + '("eref" 1) + "headingBaseline" + "headingBaselineDiv") + (LaTeX-add-lengths + "chapterFontSize" + "sectionFontSize" + "subsectionFontSize" + "chapterBaseline" + "sectionBaseline" + "subsectionBaseline")) + :latex) + diff --git a/proposal_archive/.auctex-auto/Thesis.el b/proposal_archive/.auctex-auto/Thesis.el new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41c46d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/.auctex-auto/Thesis.el @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +(TeX-add-style-hook + "Thesis" + (lambda () + (TeX-add-to-alist 'LaTeX-provided-class-options + '(("report" "12pt" "a4paper"))) + (TeX-add-to-alist 'LaTeX-provided-package-options + '(("inputenc" "utf8") ("fontenc" "T1") ("glossaries" "acronym" "nonumberlist"))) + (TeX-run-style-hooks + "latex2e" + "I-config" + "report" + "rep12" + "graphicx" + "fancyhdr" + "inputenc" + "fontenc" + "setspace" + "mathptmx" + "slantsc" + "titlesec" + "mfirstuc" + "calc" + "glossaries" + "biblatex" + "float" + "minitoc" + "pdflscape" + "hyperref" + "comment" + "subfiles") + (LaTeX-add-labels + "Bibliography") + (LaTeX-add-bibliographies + "../literature_review")) + :latex) + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Appendices/Appendix1.tex b/proposal_archive/Appendices/Appendix1.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85e131a --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Appendices/Appendix1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +\documentclass[../Thesis]{subfiles} +\begin{document} + +\chapter{This is an appendix} +\chaptermark{working with appendices yes} +Appendices, labelled A, B etc., should be treated as additional chapters and should normally follow the main text. Appendices may consist of supporting material of considerable length or of lists, documents, commentaries, tables or other evidence that if included in the main text,would interrupt its flow. The style of appendices must be consistent with the style of the main text. Long appendices may be divided into sections, labelled as Appendix A.1 etc., with corresponding subsection numbering, which must be entered in the table of contents. Alternatively, short appendices may be attached to individual chapters, as an extra section with a heading of style 3.7 Appendix + +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/BibMine.bib b/proposal_archive/BibMine.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56d32a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/BibMine.bib @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +@misc{C05, + author = {Awesome, F.}, + year = {2005}, + title = {Frank}, + keywords={mine} +} + +@misc{C06, + author = {Awesome, F.}, + year = {2006}, + title = {frank, but lowercase}, + keywords={mine} +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Bibliography.bib b/proposal_archive/Bibliography.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..66b7781 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Bibliography.bib @@ -0,0 +1,1157 @@ +@String{ acm = {{ACM Press}} } + +@String{ cacm = {{Commun. ACM}} } + +@String{ cpe = {{Concurrency --- Practice and Experience}} } + +@String{ jfp = {{J. Funct. Program.}} } + +@String{ mkp = {{Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}} } + +@String{ ppp = {{Parallel Processing Letters}} } + +@String{ s-v = {{Springer}} } + +@String{ tpds = {{IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.}} } + +\%\% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk. +\%\% http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/ + +\%\% Created for Majed Al Saeed at 2012-11-01 10:33:01 +0000 + +\%\% Saved with string encoding Unicode (UTF-8) + +@InProceedings{ MarlowNPJ11-MonadPar, + Author = {Simon Marlow and Ryan Newton and Simon {Peyton Jones}}, + Booktitle = {{Haskell~'11, Tokyo, Japan}}, + Pages = {71--82}, + Publisher = ACM, + Title = {{A Monad for Deterministic Parallelism}}, + Year = {2011} +} + +@MastersThesis{ Epstein11-MF-CloudHaskell, + Author = {Jeffrey Epstein}, + Month = jun, + School = {Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge}, + Title = {{Functional programming for the data centre}}, + Year = {2011} +} + +@Misc{ TS, + title = {{ThreadScope: a graphical timeline browser for {GHC} trace files}}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/ThreadScope}}, + key = {ThreadScope} +} + +@InProceedings{ gum2, + Address = {Philadephia, USA}, + Author = {Philip W. Trinder and Kevin Hammond and James S. {Mattson Jr.} and Andrew S. Partridge and Simon L. {Peyton Jones}}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of Programming Language Design and Implementation}}, + Month = May, + Title = {{{GUM}: a portable implementation of {H}askell}}, + Year = {1996} +} + +@InProceedings{ gum, + Author = {Phil W. Trinder and Kevin Hammond and James S. {Mattson Jr.} and Andrew S. Partridge and Simon L. {Peyton Jones}}, + Booktitle = {{PLDI~'96, Philadelphia, USA}}, + Pages = {78--88}, + Publisher = ACM, + Title = {{{GUM}: a Portable Parallel Implementation of {Haskell}}}, + Year = {1996} +} + +@InProceedings{ gum1, + Address = {Bastad, Sweden}, + Author = {Philip W. Trinder and Kevin Hammond and James S. {Mattson Jr.} and Andrew S. Partridge and Simon L. {Peyton Jones}}, + Booktitle = {{International Workshop on the Implementation of Functional Languages}}, + Month = Sep, + Title = {{{GUM}: a portable implementation of {H}askell}}, + Year = {1995} +} + +@InCollection{ Berthold08, + Affiliation = {Philipps-Universit{\"a}t Marburg Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik D-35032 Marburg Germany}, + Author = {Jost Berthold and Abyd {Al Zain} and Hans-Wolfgang Loidl}, + Booktitle = {{Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages}}, + Editor = {Paul Hudak and David Warren}, + Pages = {214--229}, + Publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg}, + Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}, + Title = {{Scheduling Light-Weight Parallelism in {ArTCoP}}}, + Volume = {4902}, + Year = {2008} +} + +@InProceedings{ Berthold11, + Author = {Jost Berthold}, + Booktitle = {{Implementation and Application of Functional Languages}}, + Editor = {J. Hage and M. Morazan}, + Publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg}, + Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}, + Title = {{Orthogonal Serialization for Haskell}}, + Volume = {6647}, + Year = {2011} +} + +@InProceedings{ Claessen99, + Author = {Koen Claessen}, + Booktitle = {{Journal of Functional Programming}}, + Pages = {313--323}, + Publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + Title = {{A poor man's concurrancy monad}}, + Volume = {9(3)}, + Year = {1999} +} + +@Article{ Talia01, + Author = {Domenico Talia}, + Journal = {Parallel Algorithms and Applications}, + Number = {2}, + Pages = {145--180}, + Title = {{MODELS AND TRENDS IN PARALLEL PROGRAMMING}}, + Volume = {16}, + Year = {2001} +} + +@TechReport{ Maier10, + Author = {Patrick Maier}, + Month = {Dec}, + Title = {{The Design of SymGrid-Par {II}}}, + Year = {2010} +} + +@Manual{ gransim, + Author = {Hans-Wolfgang Loidl}, + Edition = {0.03}, + Month = Jul, + Organization = {Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow}, + Title = {{GranSim's User Guide}}, + Url = {http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/fp/software/gransim/user_toc.html}, + Year = {1996}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/fp/software/gransim/user\\\\\\\\\\\\\_toc.html} +} + +@PhDThesis{ loidl-thesis, + Author = {Hans-Wolfgang Loidl}, + Month = Mar, + School = {Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow}, + Title = {{Granularity in Large-Scale Parallel Functional Programming}}, + Year = {1998} +} + +@InProceedings{ gransp, + Address = {London}, + Author = {David J. King and Jon Hall and Phil Trinder}, + Booktitle = {{The Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Implementation of Functional Languages (IFL'98)}}, + Month = Sep, + Title = {{A strategic profiler for Glasgow Parallel Haskell}}, + Year = 1998 +} + +@InProceedings{ par-intro, + Address = {Hagenberg/Linz, Austria}, + Author = {Kevin Hammond}, + Booktitle = {{International Symposium on Parallel Symbolic Computation}}, + Month = Sep, + Publisher = {World Scientific}, + Title = {{Parallel Functional Programming: An Introduction}}, + Year = {1994} +} + +@InProceedings{ ghc-pps, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Jr. Don Jones and Simon Marlow and Satnam Singh}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Haskell}}, + Isbn = {978-1-60558-508-6}, + Keywords = {functional programming, parallel profiling}, + Location = {Edinburgh, Scotland}, + Pages = {81--92}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{Haskell '09}}, + Title = {{Parallel performance tuning for Haskell}}, + Year = {2009}, + Acmid = {1596649}, + Numpages = {12} +} + +@InProceedings{ ghc-smp, + Acmid = {1088354}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Tim Harris and Simon Marlow and Simon Peyton Jones}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Haskell}}, + Isbn = {1-59593-071-X}, + Location = {Tallinn, Estonia}, + Numpages = {13}, + Pages = {49--61}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{Haskell '05}}, + Title = {{Haskell on a Shared-Memory Multiprocessor}}, + Year = {2005} +} + +@InProceedings{ monad-dpar, + Acmid = {1088354}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Simon Marlow and Ryan Newton and Simon Peyton Jones}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2011 ACM}}, + Isbn = {987-1-4503-0860}, + Location = {Tokyo, Japan}, + Numpages = {12}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{Haskell '11}}, + Title = {{A monad for deterministic parallelism}}, + Year = {2011} +} + +@InProceedings{ PointonTL00-DesiGdH, + Address = {Aachen, Germany}, + Author = {Robert F. Pointon and Philip W. Trinder and Hans-Wolfgang Loidl}, + Booktitle = {{IFL'00 --- Intl. Workshop on the Implementation of Functional Languages}}, + Keywords = {GdH, implementation}, + Month = Sep, + Pages = {53--70}, + Publisher = {Springer}, + Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}, + Title = {{The Design and Implementation of {Glasgow} Distributed {Haskell}}}, + Url = {http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~dsg/gph/papers/ps/ifl00.ps}, + Volume = {2011}, + Year = {2000}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~dsg/gph/papers/ps/ifl00.ps} +} + +@InProceedings{ grancc, + Address = {Ullapool, Scotland}, + Author = {Kevin Hammond and Hans-Wolfgang Loidl and Phil Trinder}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Glasgow Workshop on Functional Programming}}, + Month = sep, + Title = {{Parallel Cost Centre Profiling}}, + Year = {1997} +} + +@InProceedings{ edentv, + Address = {J{\"u}lich, Germany}, + Author = {Jost Berthold and Rita Loogen}, + Booktitle = {{In Parallel Computing: Architectures, Algorithms and Applications. Proceedings of the International Conference ParCo 2007}}, + Month = Sep, + Title = {{Visualizing Parallel Functional Program Runs: Case Studies with the Eden Trace Viewer}}, + Year = {2007} +} + +@InProceedings{ EpsteinBPJ11-CloudHaskell, + Author = {Jeff Epstein and Andrew P. Black and Simon Peyton-Jones}, + Booktitle = {{Haskell~'11, Tokyo, Japan}}, + Pages = {118--129}, + Publisher = ACM, + Title = {{Towards {Haskell} in the Cloud}}, + Year = {2011} +} + +@InProceedings{ Hammond95-VisuGran, + Author = {K. Hammond and H-W. Loidl and A. Partridge}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Glasgow Workshop on Functional Programming}}, + Month = jul, + Publisher = S-V, + Title = {{Visualising Granularity in Parallel Programs: A Graphical Winnowing System for Haskell}}, + Year = {1995} +} + +@InProceedings{ hbcpp, + Author = {Colin Runciman and David Wakeling}, + Booktitle = {{Glasgow Workshop on Functional Programming}}, + Pages = {236--251}, + Publisher = {Springer}, + Title = {{Profiling Parallel Functional Computations (Without Parallel Machines)}}, + Year = {1993} +} + +@Misc{ HDPH, + Howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/PatrickMaier/HdpH}}, + Key = {HDPH}, + Title = {{Haskell distributed parallel {Haskell}}} +} + +@Misc{ hector, + Howpublished = {\url{http://www.hector.ac.uk/}}, + Key = {HECToR}, + Title = {{{HECToR}: {UK} National Supercomputing Service}} +} + +@Article{ LoogenOP05-Eden, + Author = {Rita Loogen and Yolanda Ortega-Mall{\'e}n and Ricardo Pe{\~n}a-Mar{\'i}}, + Journal = JFP, + Number = {3}, + Pages = {431--475}, + Title = {{Parallel Functional Programming in {Eden}}}, + Volume = {15}, + Year = {2005} +} + +@InProceedings{ MaierT11-HdpH, + Address = {Lawrence, Kansas, USA}, + Author = {P. Maier and P.W. Trinder and H-W. Loidl}, + Booktitle = {{IFL'11: 23rd Int. Workshop on the Implementation of Functional Languages}}, + Institution = {Heriot-Watt University}, + Month = oct, + Note = {(to appear)}, + Publisher = {Springer Verlag LNCS}, + Title = {{Implementing a High-level Distributed-Memory Parallel {Haskell} in {Haskell}}}, + Year = {2011} +} + +@InProceedings{ MarlowJS09-Multicore, + Author = {Simon Marlow and Simon {Peyton Jones} and Satnam Singh}, + Booktitle = {{ICFP~'09, Edinburgh, Scotland}}, + Pages = {65--78}, + Publisher = ACM, + Title = {{Runtime Support for Multicore {Haskell}}}, + Year = {2009} +} + +@InProceedings{ MarlowMLAT10-Strat, + Author = {Simon Marlow and Patrick Maier and Hans-Wolfgang Loidl and Mustafa K. Aswad and Phil Trinder}, + Booktitle = {{Haskell~'10, Baltimore, USA}}, + Pages = {91--102}, + Publisher = ACM, + Title = {{Seq no more: Better Strategies for Parallel {Haskell}}}, + Year = {2010} +} + +@InCollection{ ompp, + Affiliation = {Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen Institut f{\"u}r Informatik, Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Rechnertechnik und Rechnerorganisation}, + Author = {Karl F{\"u}rlinger and Michael Gerndt}, + Booktitle = {{OpenMP Shared Memory Parallel Programming}}, + Editor = {Matthias Mueller and Barbara Chapman and Bronis {de Supinski} and Allen Malony and Michael Voss}, + Keyword = {Computer Science}, + Pages = {15--23}, + Publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg}, + Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}, + Title = {{: A Profiling Tool for OpenMP}}, + Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68555-5_2}, + Volume = {4315}, + Year = {2008}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68555-5\\\\\\\\\\\\\_2} +} + +@Book{ PP-OpenMP01, + Address = {San Francisco, CA, USA}, + Author = {Robit Chandra and Leonardo Dagum and Dave Kohr and Dror Maydan and Jeff McDonald and Ramesh Menon}, + Isbn = {1-55860-671-8}, + Publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.}, + Title = {{Parallel programming in OpenMP}}, + Year = {2001} +} + +@InProceedings{ PGF96, + Author = {S.L. {Peyton Jones} and A. Gordon and S. Finne}, + Booktitle = {{POPL~'96, St Petersburg, USA}}, + Pages = {295--308}, + Publisher = ACM, + Title = {{Concurrent {Haskell}}}, + Year = {1996} +} + +@Book{ ErlangBook, + Author = {J.L. Armstrong and S.R. Virding and M.C. Williams and C. Wikstrom}, + Edition = {2nd}, + Publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + Title = {{Concurrent Programming in Erlang}}, + Year = {1996} +} + +@Misc{ GHC, + Date-Modified = {2012-10-25 11:05:19 +0000}, + Howpublished = {\url{http://www.haskell.org/ghc/}}, + Key = {GHC}, + Title = {{Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC)}} +} + +@InCollection{ eden98, + Affiliation = {Philipps-Universit{\"a}t Marburg D-35032 Marburg Germany D-35032 Marburg Germany}, + Author = {Silvia Breitinger and Ulrike Klusik and Rita Loogen}, + Booktitle = {{Principles of Declarative Programming}}, + Editor = {Catuscia Palamidessi and Hugh Glaser and Karl Meinke}, + Isbn = {978-3-540-65012-6}, + Keyword = {Computer Science}, + Pages = {318--334}, + Publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg}, + Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}, + Title = {{From (sequential) Haskell to (parallel) Eden: An implementation point of view}}, + Volume = {1490}, + Year = {1998} +} + +@InProceedings{ Eden95, + Address = {Glasgow}, + Author = {S. Breitinger and R. Loogen and Y. {Ortega-Mall{\'e}n}}, + Booktitle = {{Functional Programming}}, + Editor = {{D.N.} Turner}, + Publisher = {Springer}, + Series = {{Workshops in Computing}}, + Title = {{Towards a Declarative Language for Parallel and Concurrent Programming}}, + Year = {1995} +} + +@InCollection{ eden97, + Affiliation = {Philipps-Universit{\"a}t Marburg Fachbereich Mathematik, Fachgebiet Informatik Hans Meerwein Stra{\ss}e D-35032 Lahnberge Marburg Germany Hans Meerwein Stra{\ss}e D-35032 Lahnberge Marburg Germany}, + Author = {Silvia Breitinger and Ulrike Klusik and Rita Loogen}, + Booktitle = {{Implementation of Functional Languages}}, + Editor = {Werner Kluge}, + Isbn = {978-3-540-63237-5}, + Keyword = {Computer Science}, + Pages = {141--161}, + Publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg}, + Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}, + Title = {{An implementation of Eden on top of concurrent Haskell}}, + Volume = {1268}, + Year = {1997} +} + +@Unpublished{ Trinder98-GpH, + Author = {Philip W. Trinder and Ed. {Barry Jr.} and M. Kei Davis and Kevin Hammond and Sahalu B. Junaidu and Ulrike Klusik and Hans-Wolfgang Loidl and and Simon L. {Peyton Jones}}, + Month = jul, + Note = {Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, special issue on Architecture-Independent Languages and Software Tools for Parallel Processing}, + Title = {{GpH: An Architecture-Independent Functional Language}}, + Year = {1998} +} + +@Article{ Hammond00-HasPar, + Author = {K. Hammond and D.J. King and H-W. Loidl and {\'A}.J. {Reb{\'o}n Portillo} and P.W. Trinder}, + Journal = {Software --- Practice and Experience}, + Month = feb, + Note = {Submitted for publication}, + Title = {{The HasPar Performance Evaluation Suite for {\sc GpH}: a Parallel Non-Strict Functional Language}}, + Year = 2000 +} + +@InProceedings{ Trinder99-MotGpH, + Abstracturl = {http://www.cee.hw.ac.uk/~dsg/gph/papers/abstracts/pdsia00.html}, + Address = {Sendai, Japan, July 5--7}, + Author = {P.W. Trinder}, + Booktitle = {{Parallel and Distributed Computing for Symbolic and Irregular Applications (PDSIA'99)}}, + Editor = {T. Ito and T. Yuasa}, + Pages = {72--81}, + Publisher = {World Scientific}, + Title = {{Motivation for Glasgow distributed Haskell, a non-strict Functional Language}}, + Url = {http://www.cee.hw.ac.uk/~dsg/gph/papers/ps/pdsia00.ps.gz}, + Year = {1999}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.cee.hw.ac.uk/~dsg/gph/papers/ps/pdsia00.ps.gz} +} + +@InProceedings{ Loidl97-Eng, + Address = {St. Andrews, Scotland}, + Author = {Hans-Wolfgang Loidl and Philip W. Trinder}, + Booktitle = {{Implementation of Functional Languages, 1997}}, + Month = sep, + Publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + Series = {{LNCS}}, + Title = {{Engineering Large Parallel Functional Programs}}, + Year = {1997} +} + +@Article{ Eden05, + Author = {R. Loogen and Y. Ortega-Mall{\'e}n and R. {Pe{\~n}a-Mar{\'i}}}, + Journal = {{Journal of Functional Programming}}, + Number = {3}, + Pages = {431--475}, + Title = {{Parallel Functional Programming in Eden}}, + Volume = {15}, + Xtitle = {{, Special Issue on Functional Approaches to High-Performance Parallel Programming}}, + Year = {2005} +} + +@Article{ Skillicorn98, + Acmid = {280278}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {David B. Skillicorn and Domenico Talia}, + Issn = {0360-0300}, + Issue_Date = {June 1998}, + Journal = {ACM Comput. Surv.}, + Keywords = {general-purpose parallel computation, logic programming languages, object-oriented languages, parallel programming languages, parallel programming models, software development methods, taxonomy}, + Month = jun, + Number = {2}, + Numpages = {47}, + Pages = {123--169}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Title = {{Models and languages for parallel computation}}, + Volume = {30}, + Year = {1998} +} + +@Article{ Flynn96, + Acmid = {234345}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Michael J. Flynn and Kevin W. Rudd}, + Issn = {0360-0300}, + Issue_Date = {March 1996}, + Journal = {ACM Comput. Surv.}, + Month = mar, + Number = {1}, + Numpages = {4}, + Pages = {67--70}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Title = {{Parallel architectures}}, + Volume = {28}, + Year = {1996} +} + +@Book{ Quinn04, + Address = {New York, USA}, + Author = {Michael J. Quinn}, + Isbn = {0-07-282256-2}, + Publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + Title = {{Parallel programming in C with MPI and OpenMP}}, + Year = {2004} +} + +@Book{ Thompson96, + Address = {Essex, England}, + Author = {Simon Thompsion}, + Publisher = {Addision Wesley Longman}, + Title = {{The Craft of Functional Programming}}, + Year = {1996} +} + +@Book{ Mattson05, + Author = {Timothy G. Mattson and Beverly A. Sanders and Berna L. Massingill}, + Isbn = {0-321-22811-1}, + Publisher = {Addision Weasley}, + Title = {{Patterns for Parallel Programming}}, + Year = {2005} +} + +@Article{ Flynn72, + Author = {Michael J. Flynn}, + Issn = {0018-9340}, + Journal = {Computers, IEEE Transactions on}, + Month = {sept.}, + Number = {9}, + Pages = {948--960}, + Title = {{Some Computer Organizations and Their Effectiveness}}, + Volume = {C-21}, + Year = {1972} +} + +@Article{ Skillicorn88, + Author = {D.B. Skillicorn}, + Issn = {0018-9162}, + Journal = {Computer}, + Keywords = {computer architectures, multiprocessor, state-machine, computer architecture, multiprocessing systems}, + Month = {nov.}, + Number = {11}, + Pages = {46--57}, + Title = {{A taxonomy for computer architectures}}, + Volume = {21}, + Year = {1988} +} + +@InProceedings{ 48-core-SCC-PV, + Author = {T.G. Mattson and R.F. {Van der Wijngaart} and M. Riepen and T. Lehnig and P. Brett and W. Haas and P. Kennedy and J. Howard and S. Vangal and N. Borkar and G. Ruhl and S. Dighe}, + Booktitle = {{High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC), 2010 International Conference for}}, + Keywords = {48-core SCC processor, cache-coherent shared memory multiprocessors, distributed memory chips, many-core chips, message passing, shared memory architectures, cache storage, message passing, multiprocessing systems, shared memory systems}, + Month = {nov.}, + Pages = {1--11}, + Title = {{The 48-core SCC Processor: the Programmer's View}}, + Year = {2010} +} + +@InProceedings{ 48-core-SCC, + Author = {J. Howard and S. Dighe and Y. Hoskote and S. Vangal and D. Finan and G. Ruhl and D. Jenkins and H. Wilson and N. Borkar and G. Schrom and F. Pailet and S. Jain and T. Jacob and S. Yada and S. Marella and P. Salihundam and V. Erraguntla and M. Konow and M. Riepen and G. Droege and J. Lindemann and M. Gries and T. Apel and K. Henriss and T. Lund-Larsen and S. Steibl and S. Borkar and V. De and R. {Van Der Wijngaart} and T. Mattson}, + Booktitle = {{Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers (ISSCC), 2010 IEEE International}}, + Issn = {0193-6530}, + Keywords = {2D mesh network, 48-core IA-32 message-passing processor, CMOS, DVFS, fine-grain power management, message passing, on-die shared memory, size 45 nm, message passing, microprocessor chips, power aware computing, shared memory systems}, + Month = {feb.}, + Pages = {108--109}, + Title = {{A 48-Core IA-32 message-passing processor with DVFS in 45nm CMOS}}, + Year = {2010} +} + +@InProceedings{ Beowulf95, + Author = {Thomas Sterling and Donald J. Becker and Daniel Savarese and John E. Dorband and Udaya A. Ranawake and Charles V. Packer}, + Booktitle = {{In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Parallel Processing}}, + Pages = {11--14}, + Publisher = {CRC Press}, + Title = {{Beowulf: A Parallel Workstation For Scientific Computation}}, + Year = {1995} +} + +@InProceedings{ Beowulf03, + Author = {P.A. Revenga and J. Serot and J.L. Lazaro and J.P. Derutin}, + Booktitle = {{Computer Architectures for Machine Perception, 2003 IEEE International Workshop on}}, + Keywords = {Apple Cube mass market computers, Beowulf-class architecture, FireWire video bus, G4 motherboard, IEEE-1394, algorithmic skeleton, dedicated bus, fast Ethernet communication network, fast video i/o, high-level parallel programming model, interprocess communication, parallel computer architecture, real-time embedded vision system, switched interconnection network, video stream processing, computer vision, embedded systems, multiprocessor interconnection networks, parallel architectures, parallel programming, peripheral interfaces, software packages, video signal processing, video streaming}, + Month = {may}, + Pages = {7 pp.--212}, + Title = {{A Beowulf-class architecture proposal for real-time embedded vision}}, + Year = {2003} +} + +@InProceedings{ SCC-Eva11, + Author = {C. Clauss and S. Lankes and P. Reble and T. Bemmerl}, + Booktitle = {{High Performance Computing and Simulation (HPCS), 2011 International Conference on}}, + Keywords = {cache storage, chip complexity, cloud computing, cluster-on-chip architecture, hardware-based cache coherency, hardware-implemented cache coherence protocols, Intel SCC many-core processor, low-level software, many-core research processor, message passing, microcomputers, microprocessor chips, multicore system, noncoherent memory-coupled cores, operating system, parallel processing, programming models, schedules threads, shared main memory, shared-memory programming, shared memory systems, single-chip cloud computer, software-oriented message-passing based architecture}, + Month = {july}, + Pages = {525--532}, + Title = {{Evaluation and improvements of programming models for the Intel SCC many-core processor}}, + Year = {2011} +} + +@InProceedings{ Trends-Chips09, + Author = {Z. Lu and A. Jantsch}, + Booktitle = {{ASIC, 2009. ASICON '09. IEEE 8th International Conference on}}, + Keywords = {Moore's law, bus-based interconnect, centralized memory, diagnostic service, distributed memory, multicore network on chip, network-based interconnect, resource management, terascale computing chips, terascale on-chip computing architecture, computer architecture, microprocessor chips, network-on-chip}, + Month = {oct}, + Pages = {62--66}, + Title = {{Trends of terascale computing Chips in the next ten years}}, + Year = {2009} +} + +@Misc{ MPI, + Howpublished = {\url{http://www.mpi-forum.org/docs/docs.html}}, + Key = {MPI}, + Month = {sep}, + Title = {{Message Passing Interface(MPI) 2.2 Standard}}, + Year = {2009} +} + +@Misc{ OpenMP, + Howpublished = {\url{http://www.openmp.org}}, + Key = {OpenMP}, + Title = {{OpenMP: Application Program Interface (API)}} +} + +@Book{ RWH08, + Author = {Bryan O'Sullivan and John Goerzen and Don Stewart}, + Edition = {1st}, + Isbn = {0596514980, 9780596514983}, + Publisher = {O'Reilly Media, Inc.}, + Title = {{Real World Haskell}}, + Year = {2008} +} + +@Book{ Hutton07, + Author = {Graham Hutton}, + Month = jan, + Publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + Title = {{Programming in Haskell}}, + Year = 2007 +} + +@Book{ Akhter06, + Author = {S. Akhter and J. Roberts}, + Publisher = {Richard Bowles}, + Title = {{Multi-Core Programming: Increasing Performance Through Software Multi-threading}}, + Year = {2006} +} + +@InProceedings{ Conc-Hsk96, + Acmid = {237794}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Simon {Peyton Jones} and Andrew Gordon and Sigbjorn Finne}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages}}, + Isbn = {0-89791-769-3}, + Location = {St. Petersburg Beach, Florida, United States}, + Numpages = {14}, + Pages = {295--308}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{POPL '96}}, + Title = {{Concurrent Haskell}}, + Year = {1996} +} + +@Article{ TrinderHLJ98-Strat, + Author = {Philip W. Trinder and Kevin Hammond and Hans-Wolfgang Loidl and Simon L. {Peyton Jones}}, + Journal = {Journal of Functional Programming}, + Month = jan, + Number = {1}, + Pages = {23--60}, + Title = {{Algorithm + {S}trategy = {P}arallelism}}, + Volume = {8}, + Year = {1998} +} + +@InProceedings{ HudakHJW07-HistHask, + Acmid = {1238856}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Paul Hudak and John Hughes and Simon {Peyton Jones} and Philip Wadler}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages}}, + Isbn = {978-1-59593-766-7}, + Location = {San Diego, California}, + Pages = {12--1--12--55}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{HOPL III}}, + Title = {{A History of Haskell: Being Lazy With Class}}, + Year = {2007} +} + +@Article{ HarrisMJH08-STM, + Acmid = {1378725}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Tim Harris and Simon Marlow and Simon Peyton Jones and Maurice Herlihy}, + Issn = {0001-0782}, + Issue_Date = {August 2008}, + Journal = {Commun. ACM}, + Month = aug, + Number = {8}, + Numpages = {10}, + Pages = {91--100}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Title = {{Composable Memory Transactions}}, + Volume = {51}, + Year = {2008} +} + +@Misc{ Hask, + Howpublished = {\url{http://www.haskell.org}}, + Key = {Haskell}, + Title = {{The Haskell Programming Language}} +} + +@InProceedings{ DataParHask07-report, + Acmid = {1248652}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Manuel M. T. Chakravarty and Roman Leshchinskiy and Simon {Peyton Jones} and Gabriele Keller and Simon Marlow}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Declarative aspects of multicore programming}}, + Isbn = {978-1-59593-690-5}, + Location = {Nice, France}, + Numpages = {9}, + Pages = {10--18}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{DAMP '07}}, + Title = {{Data Parallel Haskell: A Status Report}}, + Year = {2007} +} + +@Article{ ProticTM96-DSM., + Address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, + Author = {Jelica Protic and Milo Tomasevic and Veljko Milutinovic}, + Issn = {1063-6552}, + Journal = {IEEE Concurrency}, + Number = {2}, + Pages = {63--79}, + Publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, + Title = {{Distributed Shared Memory: Concepts and Systems}}, + Volume = {4}, + Year = {1996} +} + +@InProceedings{ AlsaeedMTG12-HdpHprof, + Address = {St Andrews, Scotland}, + Author = {Majed {Al Saeed} and Patrick Maier and Phil Trinder and Lilia Georgieva}, + Booktitle = {{The Draft Proceedings of the Symposium on Trends in Functional Programming (TFP'12)}}, + Title = {{{HdpHprof--- A Profiler for Haskell Distributed Parallel Haskell}}}, + Year = {2012} +} + +@InProceedings{ Spoonhower08-SpaceProf, + Acmid = {1411240}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Daniel Spoonhower and Guy E. Blelloch and Robert Harper and Phillip B. Gibbons}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming}}, + Isbn = {978-1-59593-919-7}, + Keywords = {cost semantics, parallelism, profiling, scheduling, standard ml}, + Location = {Victoria, BC, Canada}, + Numpages = {12}, + Pages = {253--264}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{ICFP '08}}, + Title = {{Space profiling for parallel functional programs}}, + Year = {2008} +} + +@Article{ Malony07-Overhead, + Acmid = {1274619}, + Address = {Thousand Oaks, CA, USA}, + Author = {Allen D. Malony and Sameer Shende and Alan Morris and Felix Wolf}, + Issn = {1094-3420}, + Issue_Date = {May 2007}, + Journal = {Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl.}, + Keywords = {intrusion, overhead compensation, parallel computing, performance measurement and analysis, profiling}, + Month = may, + Number = {2}, + Numpages = {21}, + Pages = {174--194}, + Publisher = {Sage Publications, Inc.}, + Title = {{Compensation of Measurement Overhead in Parallel Performance Profiling}}, + Volume = {21}, + Year = {2007} +} + +@Article{ Nagel96-vampir, + Author = {W. E. Nagel and A. Arnold and M. Weber and H.-Ch. Hoppe and K. Solchenbach}, + Journal = {Supercomputer}, + Pages = {69--80}, + Title = {{VAMPIR: Visualization and Analysis of MPI Resources}}, + Volume = {12}, + Year = {1996} +} + +@Article{ Vetter03-comu, + Acmid = {957883}, + Address = {Orlando, FL, USA}, + Author = {Jeffrey S. Vetter and Frank Mueller}, + Issn = {0743-7315}, + Issue_Date = {September 2003}, + Journal = {Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing}, + Month = sep, + Number = {9}, + Numpages = {13}, + Pages = {853--865}, + Publisher = {Academic Press, Inc.}, + Title = {{Communication Characteristics of Large-scale Scientific Applications for Contemporary Cluster Architectures}}, + Volume = {63}, + Year = {2003} +} + +@Misc{ mpip, + Author = {Jeffrey Vetter and Chris Chambreau}, + Howpublished = {\url{http://mpip.sourceforge.net/}}, + Key = {mpip}, + Note = {Accessed: on Sep 2012}, + Title = {{mpiP: Lightweight, Scalable MPI Profiling}} +} + +@InProceedings{ Vetter01-StaComu, + Acmid = {379590}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Jeffrey S. Vetter and Michael O. McCracken}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practices of parallel programming}}, + Isbn = {1-58113-346-4}, + Location = {Snowbird, Utah, United States}, + Numpages = {10}, + Pages = {123--132}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{PPoPP '01}}, + Title = {{Statistical scalability analysis of communication operations in distributed applications}}, + Year = {2001} +} + +@InProceedings{ Zhai09-FACT, + Acmid = {1654087}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Articleno = {27}, + Author = {Jidong Zhai and Tianwei Sheng and Jiangzhou He and Wenguang Chen and Weimin Zheng}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis}}, + Isbn = {978-1-60558-744-8}, + Keywords = {communication pattern, communication trace, message passing program, parallel application}, + Location = {Portland, Oregon}, + Numpages = {12}, + Pages = {27:1--27:12}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{SC '09}}, + Title = {{FACT: fast communication trace collection for parallel applications through program slicing}}, + Year = {2009} +} + +@Article{ Wu12-ScalaExtrap, + Acmid = {2160914}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Articleno = {5}, + Author = {Xing Wu and Frank Mueller}, + Issn = {0164-0925}, + Issue_Date = {April 2012}, + Journal = {ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.}, + Keywords = {Communication, compression, trace extrapolation, tracing}, + Month = may, + Number = {1}, + Numpages = {29}, + Pages = {5:1--5:29}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Title = {{ScalaExtrap: Trace-based communication extrapolation for SPMD programs}}, + Volume = {34}, + Year = {2012} +} + +@Article{ Heath95-ParVis, + Author = {M.T. Heath and A.D. Malony and D.T. Rover}, + Issn = {1063-6552}, + Journal = {Parallel Distributed Technology: Systems Applications, IEEE}, + Keywords = {abstract model, parallel program performance visualization, performance data visualization, performance displays, performance evaluation models, software tools, user involvement, data visualisation, engineering graphics, parallel programming, software performance evaluation, software tools, user centred design}, + Month = {winter}, + Number = {4}, + Pages = {44--60}, + Title = {{Parallel performance visualization: from practice to theory}}, + Volume = {3}, + Year = {1995} +} + +@InProceedings{ Nickolayev97-TracRed, + Author = {Oleg Y. Nickolayev and Philip C. Roth and Daniel and Daniel A. Reed}, + Booktitle = {{International Journal of Supercomputer Applications and High Performance Computing}}, + Pages = {144--159}, + Title = {{Real-Time Statistical Clustering For Event Trace Reduction}}, + Year = {1997} +} + +@Misc{ Reed92-Pablo, + Address = {Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 1992}, + Author = {Daniel A. Reed and Ruth A. Aydt and Tara M. Madhyastha and Roger J. Noe and Keith A. Shields and Bradley W. Schwartz}, + Title = {{An Overview of the Pablo Performance Analysis Environment}}, + Year = {1992} +} + +@InProceedings{ Glendinning92-PerfVisu, + Author = {Ian Glendinning and Vladimir S. Getov and Stephen A. Hellberg and Roger W. Hockney and David J. Pritchard}, + Booktitle = {{Performance Measurement and Visualization of Parallel Systems}}, + Pages = {251--275}, + Publisher = {Elsevier Science}, + Title = {{Performance Visualisation in a Portable Parallel Programming Environment}}, + Year = {1992} +} + +@Article{ Noeth09-ScalaTrace, + Acmid = {1556729}, + Address = {Orlando, FL, USA}, + Author = {Michael Noeth and Prasun Ratn and Frank Mueller and Martin Schulz and Bronis R. de Supinski}, + Issn = {0743-7315}, + Issue_Date = {August, 2009}, + Journal = {J. Parallel Distrib. Comput.}, + Keywords = {Communication tracing, High-performance computing, Scalability}, + Month = aug, + Number = {8}, + Numpages = {15}, + Pages = {696--710}, + Publisher = {Academic Press, Inc.}, + Title = {{ScalaTrace: Scalable compression and replay of communication traces for high-performance computing}}, + Volume = {69}, + Year = {2009} +} + +@InProceedings{ Ratn08-PresTime, + Acmid = {1375537}, + Address = {New York, NY, USA}, + Author = {Prasun Ratn and Frank Mueller and Bronis R. de Supinski and Martin Schulz}, + Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 22nd annual international conference on Supercomputing}}, + Isbn = {978-1-60558-158-3}, + Keywords = {high-performance computing, message passing, tracing}, + Location = {Island of Kos, Greece}, + Numpages = {10}, + Pages = {46--55}, + Publisher = {ACM}, + Series = {{ICS '08}}, + Title = {{Preserving time in large-scale communication traces}}, + Year = {2008} +} + +@InCollection{ Brunst05-Vampir, + Affiliation = {Dresden University of Technology Center for High Performance Computing Germany}, + Author = {Holger Brunst and Dieter Kranzlm{\"u}ller and Wolfgang Nagel}, + Booktitle = {{Distributed and Parallel Systems}}, + Editor = {Zolt{\'a}n Juh{\'a}sz and P{\'e}ter Kacsuk and Dieter Kranzlm{\"u}ller}, + Isbn = {978-0-387-23096-2}, + Keyword = {Computer Science}, + Pages = {93--102}, + Publisher = {Springer US}, + Series = {{The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science}}, + Title = {{Tools for Scalable Parallel Program Analysis - Vampir NG and DeWiz}}, + Volume = {777}, + Year = {2005} +} + +@TechReport{ Heath94-ParaGraph, + Author = {Michael Heath and Jennifer Etheridge Finger}, + Institution = {University of Illionis and Oak Ridge National Laboratory}, + Title = {{ParaGraph: A Tool for Visualizing Performance of Parallel Programs}}, + Year = {1994} +} + +@Article{ Heath91-Vis, + Author = {M.T. Heath and J.A. Etheridge}, + Doi = {10.1109/52.84214}, + Issn = {0740-7459}, + Journal = {Software, IEEE}, + Keywords = {computer animation, dynamic animation, graphical animation, graphical summaries, message-passing parallel programs, ParaGraph, parallel programming, performance evaluation, performance summaries, performance visualization, program testing, software design, software tool, software tools, trace information}, + Month = {sept.}, + Number = {5}, + Pages = {29--39}, + Title = {{Visualizing the performance of parallel programs}}, + Volume = {8}, + Year = {1991}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/52.84214} +} + +@Article{ Couch93-lpp, + Author = {A.L. Couch}, + Issn = {0018-9219}, + Journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE}, + Keywords = {asynchronous interactions, asynchronous massively parallel programs, autonomous processing elements, massively parallel execution data, parallel programming, performance evaluation, performance problems, program testing, source code improvements, visualization system, visual programming}, + Month = {aug}, + Number = {8}, + Pages = {1116--1125}, + Title = {{Locating performance problems in massively parallel executions}}, + Volume = {81}, + Year = {1993} +} + +@InProceedings{ Hackstadt94-spv-dpp, + Author = {S.T. Hackstadt and A.D. Malony and B. Mohr}, + Booktitle = {{Scalable High-Performance Computing Conference, 1994., Proceedings of the}}, + Keywords = {Dataparallel C, data-parallel programming, data-parallel programs, distribution semantics, pC++, performance behavior, problem size, scalable performance visualization, scalable performance visualizations, three-dimensional graphics, visual scalability properties, computer graphics, parallel languages, parallel programming, program diagnostics, visual programming}, + Month = {may}, + Pages = {342--349}, + Title = {{Scalable performance visualization for data-parallel programs}}, + Year = {1994} +} + +@InCollection{ Hoeflinger01-Vis, + Affiliation = {KAI Software Intel Americas, Inc. Champaign, Illinois 61820 USA}, + Author = {Jay Hoeflinger and Bob Kuhn and Wolfgang Nagel and Paul Petersen and Hrabri Rajic1 and Sanjiv Shah and Jeff Vetter and Michael Voss and Renee Woo}, + Booktitle = {{OpenMP Shared Memory Parallel Programming}}, + Editor = {Rudolf Eigenmann and Michael Voss}, + Isbn = {978-3-540-42346-1}, + Keyword = {Computer Science}, + Pages = {40--52}, + Publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg}, + Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}, + Title = {{An Integrated Performance Visualizer for MPI/OpenMP Programs}}, + Volume = {2104}, + Year = {2001} +} + +@InCollection{ Caubet01-DTM, + Affiliation = {Department of Computer Architecture Technical University of Catalonia European Center for Parallelism of Barcelona Barcelona Spain}, + Author = {Jordi Caubet and Judit Gimenez and Jesus Labarta and Luiz DeRose and Jeffrey Vetter}, + Booktitle = {{OpenMP Shared Memory Parallel Programming}}, + Editor = {Rudolf Eigenmann and Michael Voss}, + Isbn = {978-3-540-42346-1}, + Keyword = {Computer Science}, + Pages = {53--67}, + Publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg}, + Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}, + Title = {{A Dynamic Tracing Mechanism for Performance Analysis of OpenMP Applications}}, + Volume = {2104}, + Year = {2001} +} + +@InCollection{ Smyk02-mix, + Affiliation = {Polish - Japanese Institute of Information Technology ul. Koszykowa 86 02-008 Warsaw Poland}, + Author = {Adam Smyk and Marek Tudruj}, + Booktitle = {{Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics}}, + Editor = {Roman Wyrzykowski and Jack Dongarra and Marcin Paprzycki and Jerzy Wasniewski}, + Isbn = {978-3-540-43792-5}, + Keyword = {Computer Science}, + Pages = {288--296}, + Publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg}, + Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}, + Title = {{Application of Mixed \<i\>MPI/OpenMP\</i\> Programming in a Multi SMP Cluster Computer}}, + Volume = {2328}, + Year = {2002} +} + +@InProceedings{ kessis06-pmv, + Author = {M. Kessis and J.-M. Vincent}, + Booktitle = {{Computing in the Global Information Technology, 2006. ICCGI '06. International Multi-Conference on}}, + Keywords = {Paje visualization framework, distributed application monitoring, event-based tracing framework, interactive behavioral visualization, multithreaded application, parallel application, parallel program system, performance monitoring, scalable behavioral visualization, trace animation, data visualisation, multi-threading, parallel processing, software performance evaluation, supervisory programs}, + Month = {aug.}, + Pages = {34}, + Title = {{Performance Monitoring and Visualization of Large-Sized and Multi-Threaded Applications with the Paje Framework}}, + Year = {2006} +} + +@InProceedings{ Fan10-rpcpv, + Author = {Zhang Fan}, + Booktitle = {{Advanced Computer Control (ICACC), 2010 2nd International Conference on}}, + Keywords = {MPI, finite element method, magnetotelluric parallel forward modeling program, parallel computing, parallel technology, performance visualization system, program communication time, program execution time, speedup, finite element analysis, message passing, parallel programming, program visualisation}, + Month = {march}, + Pages = {323--327}, + Title = {{Research on parallel computing performance visualization based on MPI}}, + Volume = {5}, + Year = {2010} +} + +@InProceedings{ Chung06-BlueGene, + Author = {I-Hsin Chung and Robert E. Walkup and Hui-Fang Wen and Hao Yu}, + Booktitle = {{SC 2006 Conference, Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE}}, + Keywords = {Blue Gene/L, MPI performance analysis tool, message passing, parallel supercomputer, profiling tool, time-stamped event, tracing tool, message passing, parallel machines}, + Month = {nov.}, + Pages = {16}, + Title = {{MPI Performance Analysis Tools on Blue Gene/L}}, + Year = {2006} +} + +@Article{ Kraemer93-Overview, + Author = {E. Kraemer and J.T. Stasko}, + Issn = {0743-7315}, + Journal = {Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing}, + Number = {2}, + Pages = {105--117}, + Title = {{The Visualization of Parallel Systems: An Overview}}, + Volume = {18}, + Year = {1993} +} + +@Article{ Trinder02-ParHask, + Author = {P.W. Trinder and H.W. Loidl and R.F. Pointon}, + Journal = {Journal of Functional Programming}, + Number = {5}, + Pages = {469--510}, + Publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + Title = {{Parallel and distributed Haskells}}, + Volume = {12}, + Year = {2002} +} + +@Misc{ GHC-user-guide, + Author = {The GHC Team}, + Date-Modified = {2012-11-01 10:31:22 +0000}, + Howpublished = {\url{http://www.haskell.org/ghc/docs/7.2.1/html/users_guide/index.html/}}, + Month = {Accessed: 30/10/12}, + Title = {{The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System User's Guide, Version 7.2.1}} +} + +@InProceedings{ Sansom95-TimeSpaceProf, + author = {Patrick M. Sansom and Simon L. {Peyton Jones}}, + title = {{Time and space profiling for non-strict, higher-order functional languages}}, + booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages}}, + series = {{POPL '95}}, + year = {1995}, + isbn = {0-89791-692-1}, + location = {San Francisco, California, United States}, + pages = {355--366}, + numpages = {12}, + acmid = {199531}, + publisher = {ACM}, + address = {New York, NY, USA} +} + +@InProceedings{ Reed91-ScaPerEnv, + author = {D.A. Reed and R.D. Olson and R.A. Aydt and T.M. Madhyastha and T. Birkett and D.W. Jensen and B.A.A. Nazief and B.K. Totty}, + booktitle = {{Distributed Memory Computing Conference, 1991. Proceedings., The Sixth}}, + title = {{Scalable Performance Environments for Parallel Systems}}, + year = {1991}, + month = {apr-1 may}, + volume = {}, + number = {}, + pages = {562--569} +} + +@MastersThesis{ Aljabri10, + title = {{Parallel Concordance Benchmark}}, + author = {Malak Aljabri}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + school = {School of Mathematical and Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University}, + month = aug, + year = {2010} +} + +@Misc{ MulticoreI, + title = {{Phase I The SICSA MultiCore Challenge: Concordance application}}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/sicsawiki/index.php/Challenge_PhaseI}}, + year = {2010}, + key = {Phase I} +} + +@Misc{ Score-P, + title = {{Score-P - Scalable Performance Measurement Infrastructure for Parallel Codes}}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.vi-hps.org/projects/score-p}}, + key = {Score-P}, + note = {Accessed on January 2013} +} + +@Misc{ Vampir, + title = {{Vampir - Performance Optimization}}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.vampir.eu/}}, + key = {Vampir}, + note = {Accessed on January 2013} +} + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapter_Appendix_1.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Appendix_1.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62b9b05 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Appendix_1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +\documentclass[../HWThesis.tex]{subfiles} +\begin{document} +\chapter{Foo} + +Hi I'm an appendix + +Appendices, labelled A, B etc., should be treated as additional chapters and should normally follow the main text. Appendices may consist of supporting material of +considerable length or of lists, documents, commentaries, tables or other evidence that if included in the main text, would interrupt its flow. The style of appendices must be consistent with the style of the main text. Long appendices may be divided into sections, labelled as Appendix A.1 etc., with corresponding subsection numbering, which must be entered in the table of contents. Alternatively, short appendices may be attached to individual chapters, as an extra section with a heading of style 3.7 Appendix. + +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapter_Archive.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Archive.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b48da12 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Archive.tex @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ +\documentclass[../HWThesis.tex]{subfiles} %Copy this at the top of each subfile, then you can render the .tex file on its own +\begin{document} +\begin{refsection} +\chapter{Introduction} +\label{ch:introduction} + + +% Describe why there is a need to look from both the fluid and solid perspective +Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon that results from hydrodynamic elements and material characteristics \cite{Franc2004265}. + +% Hydrodynamic POV +From a hydrodynamic standpoint, cavitation erosion results from the formation of and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles within a fluid medium, due to the local pressure reaching the saturated vapor pressure (due to pressure decrease (cavitation) or temperature increase (boiling)). When these bubbles implode, they emit heat, shockwaves, and high-speed microjets that can impact adjacent solid surfaces, leading to damage to the surface and removal of material due to the accumulation of damage following numerous cavitation events. + +The required pressure drop required by cavitation could be provided by the propagation of ultrasonic acoustic waves and hydrodynamic pressure drops, such as constrictions or the rotational dynamics of turbomachinery \cite{GEVARI2020115065}. + +% Now do the materials POV +The resultant stress levels, which range from 100 - 1000 MPa, can surpass material resistance thresholds, including yield strength, ultimate strength, or fatigue limit, leading to material removal from the surface and subsequent degradation of industrial sysytems. The high strain rate in cavitation erosion makes it rather comparable to explosions or projectile impacts, albeit with very limited volume of deformation and repeated impact loads. The plastic deformation results in progressive hardening, crack propagation, and local fracture and removal of material, with the damage being a function of intensity and frequency of vapor bubble collapse. The selection of more resistent materials requires investigation of material response to cavitation stresses, with the mechanism of erosion being of particular interest. The resulting reduction of performance \& service life and the increased maintenance and repair costs motivate research into understanding how materials respond to the impact of a cavitating material. Cavitation erosion is a major problem in hydroelectric power plants \cite{Romo201216}, Francis turbines \cite{Kumar2024}, nuclear power plant valves \cite{Kim200685, Gao2024}, condensate and boiler feedwater pumps \cite{20221xix}, marine propellers \cite{Usta2023}, liquid-lubricated journal bearings \cite{Cheng2023}, pipline reducers \cite{Zheng2022, Chen201442, Mokrane2019}. + +%The commercial wear resistant Stellite alloys are derived from the Co–Cr–W–C family first investigated by Elwood Haynes in early 1900s [1]. + +% Stellites +Stellite alloys consist of a cobalt (Co) matrix with solid-solution strengthening of chromium (Cr) and tungsten(W)/moblybdenum(Mo), and hard carbid phases (Co, Cr, W, and/or Mo carbides) \cite{Shin2003117, Crook1992766, Desai198489, Youdelis1983379}. The matrix provides execelent high-temperature performance, while the carbides provide strength, wear resistance and resistance to crack propagation \cite{Ahmed2021, Crook199427}. + +% Applications +Stellites are typically used for wear-resistant surfaces in lubrication-starved, high temperature or corrosive environments \cite{Zhang20153579, Ahmed2023, Ahmed20138, Frenk199481, Song1997291}, such as in the nuclear industry \cite{McIntyre1979105, Xu2024, Gao2024}, oil \& gas \cite{Teles2024, Sotoodeh2023929}, marine \cite{Song2019}, power generation \cite{Ding201797}, and aerospace industries \cite{Ashworth1999243}. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) consolidation of Stellite alloys offers significant technological advantages for components operating in aggressive wear environments \cite{Ahmed20138, Ahmed201470, Ashworth1999243, Yu20071385}. Yu et al \cite{Yu2007586, Yu20091} note that HIP consolidation results in superior impact and fatigue resistance over cast alloys. + +% Why are stellites OP at cavitation? +% Stellites have good CE resistance due to the low stacking fault energy of the cobalt fcc phase, which favors planar slip dislocations and increases the number of cycles that leads to fatigue failure. + +% Understanding the matrix phase +Understanding the cobalt phase is crucial for studying structural changes in Co-based alloys widely used in industry. Cobalt and Co-Cr-Mo alloys undergo thermally induced phase transformation from the high temperature face-centered cubic (fcc) $\gamma$ phase to low temperature hexagonal close-packed (hcp) $\epsilon$ phase at 700 K and strain induced fcc-hcp transition through maretensitic-type mechanism (partial movement of dislocations) \cite{HUANG2023106170}. At ambient conditions, the metastable FCC retained phase in stellites can be transformed into HCP phase by mechanical loading, although any HCP phase is completely transformed into a FCC phase between 673 K and 743 K \cite{DUBOS2020128812}; the metastable fcc cobalt phase in stellite alloys \cite{Rajan19821161} absorbs a large part of imparted energy under the mechanical loading of cavitation erosion. The fcc to hcp transition is related to the very low stacking fault energy of the fcc structure (7 mJ/m2) \cite{Tawancy1986337}. Solid-solution strengthening leads to increase of the fcc cobalt matrix strength (due to distortion of the atomic lattice with the additino of elements of different atomic radiuses), decrease of low stacking fault energy \cite{Tawancy1986337} due to the adjusted electronic structure of the metallic lattice, and inhibition of dislocation cross slip. Given that dislocation cross slip is the main deformation mode in imperfect crystals at elevated temperature, as dislocation slip is a diffusion process that is enhanced at high temperature, this leads to high temperature stability \cite{LIU2022294}. The addition of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and carbon (C) stabilize the fcc structure of cobalt (a = 0.35 nm), while chromium (Cr) and tungsten (W), stabilize the hcp structure (a = 0.25 nm and c = 0.41 nm), although Cr and W increases hot corrosion resistance \cite{Vacchieri20171100, Tawancy1986337}. +% Maybe get the size of atoms and show the mismatch? + + +% Let's now move into the carbides portion. +In addition to solid-solution strengthening, the precipitation of carbides allows stellites to endure mechanical and thermal stresses at high temperature. \cite{Gui20171271,osti_4809456} + +% Novelty +% How well was the novelty of the project expressed? +%To date, academic research pertaining to cavitation erosion specifically on HIP'd stellite alloys appears to be absent from the existing literature. + +% Novelty - Me jerking off to the novelty of my thesis +Given the detrimental influence of voids and defects on cavitation erosion, the lack of academic investigation into cavitation erosion on HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) stellite alloys, underscores the need for further exploration. Moreover, the complexity introduced by blended stellite alloys in the context of cavitation erosion in corrosive enironments adds another layer of intrigue to this research endeavor. By analyzing the interactions between alloy composition, microstructure, and cavitation erosion behavior, this thesis aims to fill a critical gap in the current understanding of material performance under cavitation erosion conditions. + +\section{Thesis Structure Details} +\label{sec: thesis details} +For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy the thesis shall not normally exceed 80,000 words and shall not normally exceed 400 pages in length including Appendices, with a limit of no more than 100,000 words. In exceptional circumstances, the Research Degrees Committee will consider requests for thesis exceeding 100,000 on a case by case basis. The number of pages of a thesis exceeding 80,000 words in length shall be increased on a pro rata basis in accordance with the word limit. For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Published Research, a critical review of the published research which shall be in the range of 10,000 to 25,000 words must be submitted. + +Chapter 1 of the thesis must be an Introduction, so headed, defining the relation of the thesis to other work in the same field and referring appropriately to any findings, propositions or new discoveries contained in the thesis and to any important points about sources or treatment. + +Thesis guidelines can be found at: \\ \url{https://www.hw.ac.uk/uk/students/doc/guidelinesonsubmissionandformatofthesis.pdf} + +Related documents and forms at: \url{https://www.hw.ac.uk/uk/students/studies/examinations/thesis.htm} + +\subsection{Layout details} +\label{sec: layout} +In the main tex document \texttt{HWThesis.tex} the margins are set, and the left margin is larger than the right one. This is because the PhD thesis you submit will be printed one-side rather than double sided. So in any two spread the printed page will be the one on the right hand side. Therefore, the left side of every page will connect to the thesis binding, so you need an extra large margin to make sure none of your images or text are hidden by the binding. + +\subsubsection{Paragraph indentation} I have turned off the LaTeX default of having the first line of each paragraph be indented. If you want to turn that back on, simply go to the preamble in \texttt{HWThesis.tex} and comment out the line \texttt{\textbackslash usepackage\{parskip\}}. + +\section{Template Structure} +This LaTeX template is for you to have the format generally laid out, and an example structure. The main file is \texttt{HWThesis.tex}, that defines the title page, layout, packages, and a few other pieces of information. The file tree is set up for a long project, with a few folders. A \texttt{Figures} folder for all your figures, then a \texttt{Chapters} folder to keep the tex files for each chapter. This is just so you don't accidentally make one massive tex file where it gets really really difficult to correct LaTeX mistakes for example. You can change this structure if you'd like, for example with a different figures folder for every chapter. + +I have also tried to make this structure modular. For large Theses, if they have lots of images, it can take a long time for them to render, but you are likely only wanting to update one chapter or appendix at a time. So I have introduced the \texttt{subfiles} package. + +\subsection{\texttt{subfiles}} +The subfiles package allows you to render individual subdocuments within a larger document, keeping all the functionality from the main document intact. You can see how I have done this in \texttt{HWThesis.tex} where the introduction is added with the \texttt{subfile} command, rather than \texttt{input} or \texttt{include} command. Then each chapter just begins with one line of text\texttt{ \\documentclass[../HWThesis.tex]\{subfiles\}}, and has \\ \texttt{begin\{document\}, end\{document\}} around the rest of the chapter. See further down for details on generating per-chapter references. + +\subsubsection{What is the advantage?} +With this, you can work on each chapter in isolation, and not worry about massively long typesetting times, or breaking the rest of your LaTeX document. The main thing that might not work is the citation numbering. This is done at the end of a document, so won't show the numbers correctly unless you render the whole \texttt{HWThesis.tex}, unless you do some workarounds. + +\section{What other features are in this template?} + +\subsection{citations with \texttt{biblatex}} + +So you can use \texttt{biblatex} to define however you would like your references styled. You will have your bibliography in whatever your software of choice is, and you can use that (for example Zotero or Mendeley) to connect to an Overleaf document, or make BibItems / a big .bib file. This has to be loaded with the \texttt{\textbackslash addbibresource\{...\}} command as I have done in the header. You can do this with multiple files if for example you have different bibliographies per paper. + +Note, for the per-chapter features we are talking about, we need \texttt{backend = biber} - so if you are generating things offline, you will need to run biber, instead of bibtex to generate the correct behaviour. + +I have also set some default arguments when loading \texttt{biblatex}. Lets talk about your citation options. For more detail, please search for the biblatex documentation. + +\subsubsection{citation sorting} +I have set the default sorting=none. This means your bibliography will show things in the order you reference them. If you want them sorted by name, then year, then title, set sorting=nyt. For title, then name, then year, sorting=tny. There are lots of these options listed in the documentation, including sorting citations bby type of document etc. + +\subsubsection{formatting citations} +\label{sec: format-citations } + +I have set the default style for the citation and the bibliography to numeric-comp, meaning compressed numerical style, similar to Vancouver style citations \cite{gum2}. +This means where possible citations will be numbered. The compressed part means that if you cite a range of numbers with a few of them in a row, so instead of showing [1][2][3][5] it will show ranges as hyphenated like [1-3, 5] for example. You may change this to any style you like, or ideally what is used in your field. Let's see a citation range: \cite{gum2, Maier10, gum} + +\subsubsection{Doing bibliographies per chapter, vs for the whole thesis} + +For the default whole-thesis bibliography, you just need a \texttt{\textbackslash printbibliography} command at the end of your thesis, before the document ends, I have this set up already for you by default. + +But if you have a lot of references and a lot of chapters, you may prefer separate bibliographies per chapter. \texttt{biblatex} makes doing sub-bibliographies very easy. You just need to set up a \texttt{begin refsection and end refsection} at the top and bottom of each chapter, and then have a \texttt{\textbackslash printbibliography[heading=subbibliography]} command inside of it. You can do one of these per chapter (\textit{so one per-subfile}). Lets do that now for this introduction chapter. Things are already set up so we can just print it right here (though normally we'd do that at the bottom of the chapter). You'll see that it doesn't include any citations from the next chapter. \cite{gum2, Talia01} + +You can look through the biblatex documentation for how to split the bibliography by document type, keyword and all other sorts of things. But this minimal set up should be enough for you to copy paste and achieve something functional quite quickly. + +You can also still print the per-chapter references outside of the refsections, there is an example at the end of this thesis. +You just do \\ \texttt{\textbackslash printbibliography\{section=1,heading=subbibliography\}} where 1 means \textit{the first refsection}. Note, the default title is \textit{References}, to set a custom title, for example the name of the chapter you can set this manually by adding \texttt{title = your custom title} + +\subsubsection{Sub-bibliography numbering} + +The default for sub-bibliographies is that each \texttt{refsection} starts a new index. So each new bibliography starts from [1] again. +If you want separate sub-bibliographies, but with the numbers to continue between chapters, use \texttt{refsegment} instead of \texttt{refsection}. And similarly for printing bibliographies, swap section for segment e.g. \texttt{\textbackslash printbibliography\{segment=1,heading=subbibliography\}} + +\subsection{Linking to figures, equations and sections with \texttt{hyperref}} + +We can also reference prior sections, for example you might want to see \cref{sec: thesis details} for specifics on how to set up a thesis. These links should be clickable in the pdf thanks to the \texttt{hyperref} package. These links \textbf{will not show up when printing, they are digital only}. If you want to make them printable, you can do that with the help of the \texttt{hyperref} documentation. To link to anything, it needs a label. So label anything you want to reference with with \texttt{\textbackslash \label{...}} and you will be good to go. You can also look up its documentation to change all kinds of behaviours, for example the default link looks like a box around numbers, you can also set it to be like a webpage where links are different colours, but have no boxes around them. Don't go too wild. + +\subsection{better internal references with \texttt{cleveref}} +\label{sec: cleveref} + +You will notice that when you use a \texttt{ref} command to point to somethign you have labelled (a subsection, figure, equation etc) - you only get the number. It might be more convenient to have it automatically say \textit{eqn 2.2} rather than just \textit{2.2}, forcing you to type eqn, fig, sec every time. That's what this package is here to help. This lets you type \texttt{\textbackslash cref} instead of \texttt{\textbackslash ref}, and it will automatically write eq./fig./sec. as appropriate. To capitalise (if at the beginning of a sentence) use Cref instead of cref. + +If you want the full label (figure/equation/section instead of fig./eq./sec. ) then you can add \texttt{[noabbrev]} before the curly brackets when loading cleveref. + +So lets use \texttt{\textbackslash ref} to reference a section (\ref{sec: cleveref}), a figure (\ref{fig: black shield}), a table (\ref{tab: example table}), and an equation (\ref{eqn: example equation}) + +Now the same with cleveref \texttt{\textbackslash cref}: a section (\cref{sec: cleveref}), a figure (\cref{fig: black shield}), a table (\cref{tab: example table}), and an equation (\cref{eqn: example equation}) + +\subsection{Colors} +You may want to even change the color of text when working on it, you can do that like this \textcolor{red}{there are some colors that are already named in \texttt{graphicx}} but you can also define your own. \definecolor{light-blue}{rgb}{0.8,0.85,1} \textcolor{light-blue}{So now I have a specific light blue color, very nice.} You may want to have colours to highlight sections you are working on, but text needs to be black when you submit! + +\subsection{Acronyms, via \texttt{acro}} + +This thesis comes set up with acronyms so you can define terms you use repeatedly and make sure they're formatted correctly every time. A simple acronym is \ac{wys}, as this is the first time it is used in the thesis, we get the long version, with the short version following it in brackets. Now it has been used once, we can now simply write the acronym command \texttt{ac\{wys\}} again and we will just get the shortened version. For example: \textit{unlike \LaTeX, Microsoft Word is a \ac{wys} typesetting program. } + +These acronyms have to be defined in the preamble of \texttt{HWThesis.tex} . You will want to use these when you just don't want to have to type out a term over and over again, or you can invoke long and hard to spell terms like bacterial names, specific pieces of hardware used in experiments, or even lengthy phrases. This document is set up to include a page that lists used terms. \acl{opt}. + +Of course you can choose whether you want the long or short version of an acronym at any point, here is a quick summary of options: +\begin{table}[H] +\begin{tabular}{lll} +first & \texttt{ac\{lol\}} & \ac{lol} \\ +second & \texttt{ac\{lol\}}& \ac{lol} \\ +long & \texttt{acl\{lol\}} & \acl{lol} \\ +short & \texttt{acs\{lol\}} & \acs{lol} \\ +full & \texttt{acf\{lol\}} & \acf{lol} +\end{tabular} +\caption{This is also an example of a table} +\label{tab: example table} +\end{table} + +This is a very versatile package that saves time and lets you say the important things, whether that is \ac{jau} or \ac{woodchuck} + +\section{Symbols} +Top tip, if you are struggling to remember the name of a \LaTeX symbol you need, maybe play around with detexify, where you can draw a symbol, and it will try and find a matching one in \LaTeX: \url{https://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html}. + +\subsection{Maths} +As a physicist I have included a few packages for maths, these should be standard enough. Specifically I have added \texttt{amsmath} for maths environments and better equations, \texttt{amssymb} for extended mathematical symbols, and \texttt{amsthm} for better maths theorems. + +\begin{equation} +e = \sum\limits_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n!} = 1 + \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{1\cdot 2} + \frac{1}{1\cdot 2\cdot 3} + \cdots +\label{eqn: example equation} +\end{equation} + +An important note here - Thesis guidelines say every equation that appears on its own line, needs an associated number, even if you don't refer to it. So $2 = \sum_i^\infty 2^{-i}$ would not need a number, but the above equation \ref{eqn: example equation} does. I also added in a different fraction option with the \texttt{nicefrac} package. So you can make your fractions like this $\nicefrac{1}{2}$ as compared to the standard $\frac{1}{2}$, up to you! + +\subsection{SI Units via \texttt{siunitx}} + +The SI unit package is also include, one of the more common usages is to have a proper command for the degree symbol, for example 10 degrees becomes \(\ang{10}\). However the package also includes a lot of functions for using units like grams, candela, moles, electronvolts etc with numbers, so that the unit labels look the same whether in text mode or math mode. If you write a lot of units, maybe look into the documentation. + +\textbf{That is everything, the following chapters show some example plots, tables, and then an appendix with details on how an appendix should be set up.} + +\section{Keeping Track} + +\listoftodos + +\subsection{Todo notes} + +If while writing you want some very visible coloured boxes to tell you what you have To Do, then use the \todo[color=yellow]{this is a yellow todo note in the margin}todonotes package. + +This lets you create todo notes, and empty figures. You can even make a list of your todo notes to see what you have left to do. + +Here are some examples. +\todo[inline]{hello, this is a todo note that is inline} + +Now lets do a placeholder figure in \cref{fig: missing figure} +\begin{figure}[H] +\begin{center} +\missingfigure[figwidth = .5\linewidth]{one day a nice figure could go here} +\caption{captions still work} +\label{fig: missing figure}%labels work too +\end{center} +\end{figure} + +And of course, above this subsection we generated a list of todos. + +\subsection{Subfigures and Subcaptions} +I have both of these in the header for the main \texttt{HWThesis.tex} but I have not bothered to test them, play around at your own risk, I don't really like either package honestly. + +\section{Logos} +Last last thing, I have included a new university crest for the title page, but you may want an alternative. Here I will quickly show you the ones I have included. You can then choose exactly which one you would like on your title page! + +\begin{figure}[H] +\begin{center} + +\includegraphics[width=.5\linewidth]{HW_shield.pdf} +\caption{The default HW\_shield, that I cropped from the full logo svg}%make sure to put a \ before any underscores in captions, otherwise it can get nasty +\label{fig:shield} +\end{center} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics [width=0.5\linewidth]{HW_shield_black.pdf} + \caption{The black HW\_shield.pdf, that I also cropped from the full logo svg} + \label{fig: black shield} +\end{center} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics [width=0.5\linewidth]{HW_logo} + \caption{The JPEG HW\_logo from the intranet} + \label{fig: hw logo} +\end{center} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics [width=0.5\linewidth]{HW_logo_black} +\caption{Lastly... the black JPEG HW\_logo from the intranet.} + \label{fig: hw logo black} +\end{center} +\end{figure} + +%\printbibtitle +\printbibliography +\end{refsection} +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapter_Background.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Background.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2d9c3d --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Background.tex @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +\documentclass[../HWThesis.tex]{subfiles} +\begin{document} +\begin{refsection} +\chapter{Background} +\label{ch:background} + + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics [width=12cm]{Background/pic.png} + \caption{Figure Caption.} + \label{fig:label} +\end{center} +\end{figure} + +Some default citations: \cite{gum, ghc-smp} + +\subsection{Subsection} + +\begin{table}[H] +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{c c c c} % centered columns (4 columns) +\hline\hline %inserts double horizontal lines +Case & Method\#1 & Method\#2 & Method\#3 \\ [0.5ex] % inserts table +%heading +\hline % inserts single horizontal line +1 & 50 & 837 & 970 \\ % inserting body of the table +2 & 47 & 877 & 230 \\ +3 & 31 & 25 & 415 \\ +4 & 35 & 144 & 2356 \\ +5 & 45 & 300 & 556 \\ [1ex] % [1ex] adds vertical space +\hline %inserts single line +\end{tabular}\caption{Table Caption} +\label{tab:lable} +\end{center} +\end{table} + + +\subsubsection{Subsubsection} + + +\end{refsection} +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapter_Conclusion.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Conclusion.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5f5548 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Conclusion.tex @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +\documentclass[../HWThesis.tex]{subfiles} +\begin{document} + +\chapter{Conclusion and Future Work} +\label{ch:conclusion} +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapter_Design.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Design.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..756022b --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Design.tex @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +\documentclass[../HWThesis.tex]{subfiles} +\begin{document} + +\chapter{Design} +\label{ch:design} + +Write.. +\section{Section} + +According to \cite{ghc-pps} ... + + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics [width=12cm]{Design/pic.png} + \caption{Figure Caption.} + \label{fig:label} +\end{center} +\end{figure} + + +\subsection{Subsection} + +\begin{table}[H] +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{c rrrrrrr} % creating eight columns +\hline\hline %inserting double-line +Audio Name&\multicolumn{7}{c}{Sum of Extracted Bits} \\ [0.5ex] +\hline % inserts single-line +Police & 5 & -1 & 5& 5& -7& -5& 3\\ % Entering row contents +Midnight & 7 & -3 & 5& 3& -1& -3& 5\\ +News & 9 & -3 & 7& 9& -5& -1& 9\\[1ex] % [1ex] adds vertical space +\hline % inserts single-line +\end{tabular} +\caption{Table Caption} +\label{tab:lable} +\end{center} +\end{table} + + +\subsubsection{Subsubsection} + +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapter_Introduction.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Introduction.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..da77376 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapter_Introduction.tex @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +%\documentclass[../HWThesis.tex]{subfiles} %Copy this at the top of each subfile, then you can render the .tex file on its own +%\begin{document} +%\begin{refsection} +\chapter{Introduction} +\label{ch:introduction} + + +% Describe why there is a need to look from both the fluid and solid perspective +%Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon that results from hydrodynamic elements and material characteristics \cite{Franc2004265}. +% Why is the above important? + +Cavitation erosion occurs when vapor bubbles form and collapse within a fluid due to local pressure reaching the vapor pressure threshold \cite{knapp1970cavitation, brennen1995cavitation, Lauterborn_Bolle_1975}. The implosion emits heat \cite{doi:10.1126/science.253.5026.1397}, shockwaves \cite{10.1115/1.4049933}, and microjets \cite{XIONG2022105899} that damage adjacent solid surfaces, leading to material removal due to cumulative cavitation events \cite{Franc2004265, karimi1986cavitation}. The resulting stress levels, as seen in Figure \ref{fig:cavitation_damage}, can exceed material thresholds, causing surface damage and system degradation \cite{Pereira1998}. Understanding material response to cavitation stresses is crucial for selecting resistant materials and minimizing maintenance costs. + +\begin{figure}[h] +\centering +\includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{Figures/the-damage-mechanism-of-cavitation.png} +\label{fig:cavitation_damage} +\caption{Damage mechanism of cavitation} +\end{figure} + + + + +Stellites are cobalt-chromium alloys that are typically used for surfaces in lubrication-starved, high temperature or corrosive environments \cite{Zhang20153579, Ahmed2023, Ahmed20138, Frenk199481, Song1997291}, such as in the nuclear industry \cite{McIntyre1979105, Xu2024, Gao2024}, oil \& gas \cite{Teles2024, Sotoodeh2023929}, marine \cite{Song2019}, power generation \cite{Ding201797}, and aerospace industries \cite{Ashworth1999243}. The wear resistance of different stellite alloys manufactured by casting, forging, laser cladding, and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been investigated extensively, \cite{Opris2007581, Engqvist2000219, Antony198352, Crook1992766, Desai198489, Yang1995196, DeMolVanOtterloo19971225, Frenk199481, Ahmed20138, Yu2007586, KRELL2020203138, Yu2007586, KRELL2020203138}. The cavitation erosion of stellites has been investigated in experimental studies \cite{Wang2023, Szala2022741, Mitelea2022967, Liu2022, Sun2021, Szala2021, Zhang2021, Mutascu2019776, Kovalenko2019175, E201890, Ciubotariu2016154, Singh201487, Hattor2014257, Depczynski20131045, Singh2012498, Romo201216, Hattori20091954, Ding201797, Guo2016123, Ciubotariu201698}, along with investigations into cobalt-based alloys \cite{Lavigne2022, Hou2020, Liu2019, Zhang20191060, E2019246, Romero2019581, Romero2019518, Lei20119, Qin2011209, Ding200866, Feng2006558}. + +Ahmed et al. have investigated the impact of HIP'ing on stellite alloys, finding superior impact and fatigue resistance compared to cast stellite alloys \cite{Ahmed2021, Ahmed2017487,Ahmed201470,Ahmed201498,Yu20071385,Yu20091}. They also explored blended alloys formed by consolidating two stellite powders, resulting in unique microstructures influenced by the different diffusion rates of added elements. Depending on the composition of the stellite powders used, the blended alloys possess uniform microstructure or regions that are similar to the constituent powders \cite{Ahmed2023,Ahmed2021}. This is due to the different diffusion rates of the added elements - carbon diffuses through the blended alloys while tungsten cannot diffuse due to its high atomic radius \cite{Ahmed2023,Ahmed2021}. + + +%Ahmed et al investigate the influence of the HIP'ing process on stellites \cite{Ahmed2021,Ahmed2017487,Ahmed201470,Ahmed201498,Yu20071385, Yu20091}, and conclude that HIP consolidation of Stellite alloys offers significant technological advantages for components operating in aggressive wear environments due to superior impact and fatigue resistance over cast alloys \cite{Ahmed20138, Ahmed201470, Ashworth1999243, Yu20071385}. In order to achieve unique microstructures from existing stellite alloys, Ahmed et al investigate the performance of blended alloys \cite{Ahmed2023,Ahmed2021}, which are formed through the consolidation of a mixture of two stellite powders. During the HIP'ing process, carbides are precipitated, in addition to reduction of supersaturation of the matrix. + +%The powders are created through gas atomization, in which a stream of liquid stellite alloy is disrupted and atomized into tiny molten droplets by a high-pressure inert gas flow. The free-falling molten droplets rapidly solidify into spherical particles before being collected, forming high quality stellite powders with controllable size \cite{Ahmed2023,Ahmed2021}. +%The rapid cooling of the powder during atomization leads to reduced precipitation of carbides and supersaturation of the metallic matrix with other elements, as seen in the reduced proportion of carbide phases detected in the XRD performed on powders, compared to XRD of HIP'd samples \cite{Ahmed2023,Ahmed2021}. +%The mixing of powders is conducted in a powder hopper that ensures uniform distribution of powder mixtures. The HIP treatment was conducted at a temperature of 1200 C and a pressure of 100 MPa for a duration of 4 hours, resulting in full dense blended stellite alloys \cite{Ahmed2023,Ahmed2021}. + + +% The use of blended stellite + + +% Stellite alloys can be manufactured by casting, deposition welding, laser cladding, forging, or hot isostatic pressing (HIP). These different processes result in different microstructures. + +% Why are stellites OP at cavitation? +% Stellites have good CE resistance due to the low stacking fault energy of the cobalt fcc phase, which favors planar slip dislocations and increases the number of cycles that leads to fatigue failure. + + +% Novelty +% How well was the novelty of the project expressed? +%To date, academic research pertaining to cavitation erosion specifically on HIP'd stellite alloys appears to be absent from the existing literature. + +% Novelty - Me jerking off to the novelty of my thesis +In light of the advantageous impact of fine carbide structure and microstructure on cavitation erosion, the lack of academic investigation into cavitation erosion on HIP'ed stellite alloys highlights the imperative for additional research. Investigating the effects of alloy composition \& microstructure of blended alloys on their cavitation erosion behaviour promises to yield deeper insights into stellite performance under such conditions. + + + +\section{Aims and Objectives} +% Were the aims of the project clearly expressed? +% Were they specific and measurable? +% Were they realistic? +% Were adequate timescales referred to? + +Cavitation erosion impacts various industrial components, lowering their service life and increasing overall costs. In order to minimize damage \& losses due to cavitation, the mechanisms by which materials degrade under cavitation erosion need to be understood. This work aims at identifying the most relevant factors to the cavitation erosion of base and blended stellite alloys, with a focus on how composition and microstructure affect cavitation resistance. The objectives of this work are to: + +\begin{enumerate} + + \item \textbf{Design and develop} an experimental rig capable of accurately simulating cavitation erosion conditions in distilled water \& artificial seawater and achieving measurable \& replicable erosion rates, \textbf{by end of May}. + \item \textbf{Quantify} cavitation erosion resistance of stellite materials in distilled water and artificial seawater \textbf{by end of June}. + \item \textbf{Investigate} the morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, and surface characteristics of eroded stellite samples \textbf{by end of July}. + \begin{enumerate} + \item \textbf{Acquire} Optical Microscopy images of eroded stellite samples at different stages of testing, in order to track changes of overall morphology of eroded surface. + \item \textbf{Acquire} Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of eroded stellite samples to analyze the microstructural changes and phase composition resulting from cavitation erosion. + \item \textbf{Acquire} Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) images and scans to analyze the elemental composition of specific regions on the eroded stellite samples (elemental composition of matrix, carbides, and interfaces) + \end{enumerate} + \item \textbf{Develop} mathematical models for cavitation erosion of stellite alloys \textbf{by end of July}. + \begin{enumerate} + \item \textbf{Investigate} the relationship between composition and previously reported structure-property relationships to cavitation erosion rates. + \item \textbf{Assess} the applicability of parameter-models of cavitation erosion to experimental data of the cumulative mass loss of stellites. + \end{enumerate} + \item \textbf{Understand} the cavitation mechanism in stellite alloys and describe a phenomological model of CE in stellite alloys and provide actionable recommendations for enhancing cavitation resistance in stellite alloys +\end{enumerate} + +Finite element simulations (FEA) and other numerical simulation techniques are outside the the scope of this thesis. + + +\section{Gantt Chart} + +\includepdf[pages=-,landscape=true,angle=-180]{Ganttv2.pdf} + +\clearpage +\section{Resources} +% In this section, you list what resources you require to do the project. +% Do you need lab access? +% Do you require access to archives? +% Do you need to establish a budget? +% How will you procure the required resources? + +The designed rig will require the use of the following equipment +\begin{itemize}[noitemsep] + \item Q500 Sonicator (existing) + \item Vacuum Pump and Dessicator (purchased) + \item Chilled Water Supply (existing) + \item Coiled heat exchanger (purchased) + \item Air Compressor (existing) +\end{itemize} + +This work will require access to the following Heriot-Watt University laboratories. +\begin{itemize}[noitemsep] + \item Energy Laboratory \\ + Location of relevant existing equipment (sonotrode, microscope, precision balance). There are two computers in the Energy Lab, the first to control the microscope and to handle image processing through ImageJ, and second for general purpose computing. The second computer has an automated backup, in addition to version control on all data stored. + \item Chemical Laboratory \\ + Acetone is stored in Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinet in Chemical Lab, with purchase of more acetone available through vendors registered with Procurement. Distilled water is provided by Type 1 water purification system in the Chemical Laboratory. + \item Fabrication \& Automotive Laboratory \\ + Access to tools for modification of equipment. + \item Electronics Laboratory \\ + Access to soldering equipment for work on unpowered equipment. +\end{itemize} + +In addition to the above, the following items are required: +\begin{itemize}[noitemsep] + \item Specimens of Blended Stellite Alloys (provided by Dr Rehan Ahmed) + \item Access to material characterization equipment (SEM, EDS, and XRD) through MoU w/ University of Sharjah. +\end{itemize} + + +\section{Risks} +The major obstacle for this project is the potential for time constraints and delays, especially those that were not adequately accounted for during the initial project planning phase. + +\subsection{Experimental setup complexity risks} +Experimental setup could pose unexpected issues due to lack of planning. In order to mitigate the risk of unexpected design changes, the following strategies are to be employed: + +\begin{itemize}[noitemsep] + + \item Detailed Planning and Design in CAD \\ + The rig is to be designed in CAD to ensure all subsystems meet spatial, power, and I/O requirements. + + \item Expert Consultation \& Review \\ + The rig design is to be reviewed by supervisor and other expereinced researchers \& engineers. Feedback is to be recorded and designed altered to alleviate concerns. Identified people for review are Dr Rehan Ahmed, Dr Mohammed Al-Musleh, Muhsin Aykapaddatu + + \item Functionality/performance is not as expected or to specification \\ + Pilot testing of the rig to ASTM G32 standards using known materials (e.g., 316L stainless steel) will verify functionality and performance, comparing results with existing data. + + \item Documenting Procedures and Troubleshooting Protocols \\ + Detailed documentation of components and development of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) aligned with ASTM G32 standards will be maintained. Troubleshooting protocols will be established for unforeseen issues. + + \item Modular Design \& Redundancies \\ + The rig will feature a modular design for easy component adjustment. Spare parts will be readily available for quick replacement or repair, minimizing downtime. +\end{itemize} + +\subsection{Health \& Safety risks} + +% TODO Link to appendix + +The primary H\&S risks are Noise Exposure and Chemical Hazards (exposure to acetone). Both of these risks have been investigated in existing risk assessments for equipment have been attached to the appendix for the reader's perusal. Unlike the proposed additions, these equipment involve human interaction, requiring the need for a more comprehensive risk assessment. The risk assessments were written by the author, with feedback from project supervisor and lab manager. + +\begin{itemize} +\item Grinder-Polisher, available at Appendix \ref{RA_GrinderPolisher} +\item Ultrasonic Bath, available at Appendix \ref{RA_UltrasonicBath} +\item Cavitation Equipment, available at Appendix \ref{RA_Cavitation} +\end{itemize} + +\section{Beneficiaries \& Stakeholders} + +% Applications for CE research +Industrial manufacturers and technology providers will benefit from improved understanding of cavitation erosion in stellite alloys, enabling the development of more durable materials for applications in harsh environments, such as hydroelectric power plants \cite{Romo201216}, Francis turbines \cite{Kumar2024}, nuclear power plant valves \cite{Kim200685, Gao2024}, condensate and boiler feedwater pumps \cite{20221xix}, marine propellers \cite{Usta2023}, liquid-lubricated journal bearings \cite{Cheng2023}, pipline reducers \cite{Zheng2022, Chen201442, Mokrane2019}. + +The project supervisor and academic faculty represent the primary stakeholders, whose critique will be necessary for attaining project \& academic objectives. Apart from serving as mentor, the project supervisor has provided rare specimens and leveraged inter-university connections to access material characterization facilities, enhancing the project's resources and capabilities. Other stakeholders are: + +\begin{itemize} + \item Peer Researchers: offer peer review and collaboration, in addition to being users of similar equipment. Undergraduate students are unlikely to be present during project duration, although they are likely to be end users of equipment after project close. + \item Research Community: contribute to understanding of cavitation erosion and benefit from data. Project outcomes generate data and contribute to understanding of cavitation erosion. + \item Lab Management: ensure compliance with health and safety requirements. Additionally, the lab management consists of doctoral students working on other research equipment; their advice will helpful when troubleshooting issues that arise. +\end{itemize} + + +%\end{refsection} +%\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapter_LitReview.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapter_LitReview.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d72142 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapter_LitReview.tex @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +%\documentclass[../HWThesis.tex]{subfiles} %Copy this at the top of each subfile, then you can render the .tex file on its own +%\begin{document} +%\begin{refsection} +\chapter{Literature Review} +\label{ch:literature_review} + + +% Describe why there is a need to look from both the fluid and solid perspective +Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon that results from hydrodynamic elements and material characteristics \cite{Franc2004265}. When components are exposed to sustained cavitation erosion, the component surface is degraded and material is progressively lost. + +% Hydrodynamic POV +From a hydrodynamic standpoint, cavitation erosion results from the formation of and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles within a fluid medium, due to the local pressure reaching the saturated vapor pressure (due to pressure decrease (cavitation) or temperature increase (boiling)). When these bubbles implode, they emit heat, shockwaves, and high-speed microjets that can impact adjacent solid surfaces, leading to damage to the surface and removal of material due to the accumulation of damage following numerous cavitation events \cite{Yu2024771, Niedzwiedzka201671, Micu2017894}. The required pressure drop required by cavitation could be provided by the propagation of ultrasonic acoustic waves and hydrodynamic pressure drops, such as constrictions or the rotational dynamics of turbomachinery \cite{GEVARI2020115065}. Impurities in the fluid, such as solid particles and nanobubbles with a radius of 500nm can significantly reduce the cavitation threshold leading to increased cavitation intensity \cite{Bai2020}. When these bubbles collapse near walls, the concentration of energy on very small areas of the wall result in high stress levels on the wall \cite{Karimi19861}. + + +% Now do the materials POV +The resultant stress levels, which range from 100 - 1000 MPa, can surpass material resistance thresholds, including yield strength, ultimate strength, or fatigue limit, leading to material removal from the surface and subsequent degradation of industrial systems \cite{Yu2024771, Niedzwiedzka201671, Micu2017894}. The high strain rate in cavitation erosion makes it rather comparable to explosions or projectile impacts, albeit with very limited volume of deformation and repeated impact loads \cite{Meged2002914, Hattori2010855, Steller2021, Steller2020, Meged2015262, FortesPatella2013205}. The plastic deformation results in progressive hardening, crack propagation, and local fracture and removal of material, with the damage being a function of intensity and frequency of vapor bubble collapse \cite{KARIMI19871, Meng1995443, Berchiche2002601}. The selection of more resistent materials requires investigation of material response to cavitation stresses, with the mechanism of erosion being of particular interest \cite{Meged2003277, Soyama200427, Meged200642}. The resulting reduction of performance \& service life and the increased maintenance and repair costs motivate research into understanding how materials respond to the impact of a cavitating material. + + + +\section{Measuring cavitation erosion through ASTM G32} + +% Let's describe the ultrasonic cavitation setup and go deeper +% Why is thin layer stuff so important? +The ASTM G32 standard defines the study of cavitation performance of materials by placing an ultrasonic sonotrode above a stationary specimen, forming a thin liquid layer between the two solid walls, as seen in Figure \ref{fig:ASTMG32_fig}. The sonotrode horn emits an acoustic wave into the fluid and causes cavitation when the pressure amplitude is sufficiently high. Due to the reflection and superposition of ultrasound in the thin liquid layer, the intensity of cavitating bubbles is increased, leading to accelerated cavitation erosion \cite{ASTMG32, Bai2020, Hammitt1980}. + +\begin{figure}[h!] + \centering + \label{fig:ASTMG32_fig} +\includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{Figures/ASTMG32_important_parameters.png} +\caption{Important parameters of experimental apparatus from ASTM G32. From \cite{ASTMG32}} +\end{figure} + +\subsection{Effect of distance between sonotrode and specimen} +Endo et al \cite{Endo1967229} found that the extent of damage depends upon the thickness of the thin liquid layer, Kikuchi et al \cite{Kikuchi1985211} find that the extent of damage is a function of the reciprocal of the thickness of the liquid layer. For thicknesses $h < 0.5mm$, numerous bubbles coalese into several large bubble clusters in contact with the horn tip and the staionary specimen, while for thicknesses $h > 0.5mm$, the numerous bubbles produced are isolated \cite{Me-Bar1996741,Abouel-Kasem201221702, Wu201775}. + +\subsection{Effect of liquid temperature} +The test water temperature affects the degree of cavitation erosion \cite{Singer1979147, Ahmed1998119}, with mass loss rate initially increasing with increase in temperature, peaking at an optimum temperature $T_m$, then decreasing with further increase in temperature \cite{Peng2020}, with bulk liquid temperatures above 50 C not altering erosion rate significantly \cite{Singer1979147, Nagalingam20182883}. However, it must be noted that the temperature of the liquid film between the ultrasonic tip and sample rises rapidly, regardless of the bulk liquid temperature \cite{Endo1967229, Abouel-Kasem201221702}, with maximum erosion rates observed with film temperatures at temperatures 30-35 C \cite{Singer1979147, Priyadarshi2023}. + + +\section{Stellite} + +% Stellites +Stellite alloys belong to the cobalt-chromium family, with the addition of tungsten or molybdenum as the main alloying elements. +The matrix in stellite alloys consist of cobalt (Co) with solid-solution strengthening of a substantial amount of chromium (Cr) and tungsten(W)/moblybdenum(Mo), resulting in high hardness \& strength at high temperature, with carbide precipitations (Co, Cr, W, and/or Mo carbides) adding strength and wear resistance \cite{Shin2003117, Crook1992766, Desai198489, Youdelis1983379, Ahmed2021, Crook199427}. Stellites are typically used for wear-resistant surfaces in lubrication-starved, high temperature or corrosive environments \cite{Zhang20153579, Ahmed2023, Ahmed20138, Frenk199481, Song1997291}, such as in the nuclear industry \cite{McIntyre1979105, Xu2024, Gao2024}, oil \& gas \cite{Teles2024, Sotoodeh2023929}, marine \cite{Song2019}, power generation \cite{Ding201797}, and aerospace industries \cite{Ashworth1999243}. + + + +The wear resistance of different stellite alloys manufactured by casting, forging, laser cladding, and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been investigated extensively, \cite{Opris2007581, Engqvist2000219, Antony198352, Crook1992766, Desai198489, Yang1995196, DeMolVanOtterloo19971225, Frenk199481, Ahmed20138, Yu2007586, KRELL2020203138, Yu2007586, KRELL2020203138}. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) consolidation of Stellite alloys offers significant technological advantages for components operating in aggressive wear environments \cite{Ahmed20138, Ahmed201470, Ashworth1999243, Yu20071385}. Yu et al \cite{Yu2007586, Yu20091} note that HIP consolidation results in superior impact and fatigue resistance over cast alloys. The cavitation erosion of stellites has been investigated in experimental studies, as seen in Table \ref{tab:stellite}, \cite{Wang2023, Szala2022741, Mitelea2022967, Liu2022, Sun2021, Szala2021, Zhang2021, Mutascu2019776, Kovalenko2019175, E201890, Ciubotariu2016154, Singh201487, Hattor2014257, Depczynski20131045, Singh2012498, Romo201216, Hattori20091954, Ding201797, Guo2016123, Ciubotariu201698}, along with investigations into cobalt-based alloys \cite{Lavigne2022, Hou2020, Liu2019, Zhang20191060, E2019246, Romero2019581, Romero2019518, Lei20119, Qin2011209, Ding200866, Feng2006558}. However the cavitation erosion mechanism has not been fully established, particularly with the effect of microstructure due to different fabrication techniques, as seen in Figure \ref{fig:stellite_microstructure}. +In addition to the energy absorbing effect of phase transformation of the cobalt matrix \cite{Feng2006558}, Heathcock et al \cite{Heathcock1981597} find that finer carbide structure leads to increased cavitation erosion resistance, an observation ratified by Garzon et al \cite{Garzon2005145}. Cavitation erosion of stellite coatings is improved in seawater, when compared to distilled water \cite{Hou2020}, likely due to the protective effect of chromium oxides inhibiting formation of erosion pits \cite{Liu2019}. + + + +\begin{figure}[h!] + \centering + \label{fig:stellite_microstructure} +\includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{Figures/microstructure.jpg} +\caption{Microstructure of Stellite alloys 1, 12, 6, \& 21 due to casting, welding, and HIP'ing. From \cite{KRELL2020203138}.} +\end{figure} + + +% Insert table of stellite compositions here +% Why are stellites OP at cavitation? +% Stellites have good CE resistance due to the low stacking fault energy of the cobalt fcc phase, which favors planar slip dislocations and increases the number of cycles that leads to fatigue failure. + + +\begin{table}[ht] +\centering +% To place a caption above a table +\caption{Operating parameters used in ASTM G32 tests on Stellite specimens} +\label{tab:stellite} +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} +\hline +\multirow{3}{*}{\rotatebox{-90}{\bf Indirect}} & \multirow{3}{*}{\rotatebox{-90}{\bf Water}} & HIP'ed Stellite 6 & 50 & - & 0.5 & 1.5 & 24 & 2.09 & \cite{Szala2022741} \\ + & & $5 \times 10^{16} \frac{Mn^{+}}{cm^{2}}$ HIP'ed Stellite 6 & 50 & - & 0.5 & 1.5 & 24 & 2.07 & \cite{Szala2022741} \\ + & & $10 \times 10^{16} \frac{Mn^{+}}{cm^{2}}$ HIP'ed Stellite 6 & 50 & - & 0.5 & 1.5 & 24 & 1.88 & \cite{Szala2022741} \\ +\hline +\hline +\multirow{10}{*}{\rotatebox{-90}{\bf Direct}} & \multirow{3}{*}{\rotatebox{-90}{\bf Water}} & LC Stellite 6 & 50 & 25 & - & 1 & 14 & 2.7 & \cite{Sun2021} \\ + & & SLD Stellite 6 & 50 & 25 & - & 1 & 14 & 0.77 & \cite{Sun2021} \\ + & & HVOF Stellite 21 & 25 & 25 & - & 0.5 & 8 & - & \cite{Liu2022} \\ \cline{2-10} + & \multirow{7}{*}{\rotatebox{-90}{\bf 3.5 wt\% NaCl}} & Stellite 728 & 50 & 25 & - & 5 & 50 & 1.012 & \cite{Wang2023} \\ + & & Stellite 6 & 50 & 25 & - & 5 & 50 & 2.841 & \cite{Wang2023} \\ + & & Stellite 6B & 50 & 25 & - & 5 & 50 & 2.018 & \cite{Wang2023} \\ + & & HVOF Stellite 21 & 25 & 25 & - & 0.5 & 8 & - & \cite{Liu2022} \\ + & & LC Stellite 6 & 50 & 25 & - & 1 & 14 & 0.044 & \cite{Zhang2021} \\ + & & SLD-1.0kW Stellite 6 & 50 & 25 & - & 1 & 14 & 0.017 & \cite{Zhang2021} \\ + & & SLD-1.0kW Stellite 6 & 50 & 25 & - & 1 & 14 & 0.017 & \cite{Zhang2021} \\ +\hline +\multicolumn{2}{l}{} & & & & & & & & \\ +\cline{1-3} +\multicolumn{3}{|l}{Peak to Peak Amplitude (\SI{}{\micro\metre}) } & & & & & & & \\ +\cline{1-4} +\multicolumn{4}{|l}{Water Temperature (\SI{}{\celsius})} & & & & & & \\ +\cline{1-5} +\multicolumn{5}{|l}{Standoff Distance (\SI{}{\milli\metre})} & & & & & \\ +\cline{1-6} +\multicolumn{6}{|l}{Test Duration (hr)} & & & & \\ +\cline{1-7} +\multicolumn{7}{|l}{Total Duration (hr)} & & & \\ +\cline{1-8} +\multicolumn{8}{|l}{Terminal Erosion Rate for Eroded Area \SI{199}{\milli\metre\squared} (\SI{}{\milli\gram\per\hour})} & & \\ +\cline{1-9} +\multicolumn{9}{|l}{References} & \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table} + +Corrosion studies conducted on stellites find high corrosion resistance. The matrix is preferentially attacked, with the dissolution of $Co$ into $Co^{2+}$, while a surface layer comprised of chromium-rich oxides (Cr2O3 \& Cr(OH)3) prevents further corrosion in chloride-rich environments. Zhang et al find that stellite alloys with higher carbon content have less corrosion resistance \cite{Zhang20153579}. Malayoglu et al find improved erosion and corrosion resistance of HIP'ed Stellite 6 over cast Stellite 6, due to lessened removal of Co-rich matrix in HIP'ed material. \cite{MALAYOGLU2003181}. Mohamed et al report similar improved performance of HIP'ed Stellite 6 and attribute it to the fine grain size of carbides in HIP'ed materials \cite{Mohamed1999195}. + + + + +\subsection{Matrix phase} +% Understanding the matrix phase +% Understanding the cobalt phase is crucial for studying structural changes in Co-based alloys widely used in industry. +Cobalt and Co-Cr alloys undergo thermally induced phase transformation from the high temperature face-centered cubic (fcc) $\gamma$ phase to low temperature hexagonal close-packed (hcp) $\epsilon$ phase at 700 K and strain induced fcc-hcp transition through maretensitic-type mechanism (partial movement of dislocations) \cite{HUANG2023106170, Wang2023}. At ambient conditions, the metastable FCC retained phase in stellites can be transformed into HCP phase by mechanical loading, although any HCP phase is completely transformed into a FCC phase between 673 K and 743 K \cite{DUBOS2020128812, Liu2022}; the metastable fcc cobalt phase in stellite alloys \cite{Rajan19821161, Sun2021} absorbs a large part of imparted energy under the mechanical loading of cavitation erosion. The fcc to hcp transition is related to the very low stacking fault energy of the fcc structure (7 mJ/m2) \cite{Tawancy1986337, Szala2022741, DeMolVanOtterloo1997239}. + +% Let's talk about the addition of other elements +Solid-solution strengthening leads to increase of the fcc cobalt matrix strength (due to distortion of the atomic lattice with the addition of elements of different atomic radii), and decrease of low stacking fault energy \cite{Tawancy1986337} due to the adjusted electronic structure of the metallic lattice. Dislocation motion in stellites is discouraged by solute atoms of Mo and W, due to the large atomic sizes. Given that dislocation cross slip is the main deformation mode in imperfect crystals at elevated temperature, as dislocation slip is a diffusion process that is enhanced at high temperature, this leads to high temperature stability \cite{LIU2022294}. In addition, nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and carbon (C) stabilize the fcc structure of cobalt (a = 0.35 nm), while chromium (Cr) and tungsten (W), stabilize the hcp structure (a = 0.25 nm and c = 0.41 nm) \cite{Vacchieri20171100, Tawancy1986337}. + +% Maybe get the size of atoms and show the mismatch? + +\subsection{Carbide phase} + +The amount and types of carbides dispersed in the stellite matrix are primarily determined by the carbon content, with higher carbon content encouraging carbides with higher C/M ratios, while the size of carbides is determined by the cooling rate \cite{Desai198489, DeMolVanOtterloo19971225}. Carbon content can be used to distinguish between different stellite alloys: high-carbon stellites designed for high wear resistance, abrasion, \& severe galling, medium-carbon (0.5 - 1.6\% wt) stellites used for high temperature service, and low-carbon (<0.5\% wt) stellites used primarily for corrosion resistance, cavitation, \& sliding wear \cite{kapoor2013microstructure, Szala2021}. Low-carbon stellites depend primarily of solid-solution strengthening for their mechanical properties. As the carbon content increases, the W/Mo content is usually also increased to prevent depletion of Cr from matrix solid solution strengthening \cite{Zhang20153579, Mohamed1999195}. Chromium is the predominant carbide former, with M7C3 and M23C6 phases, in addition to providing corrosion resistance and strength to the stellite matrix \cite{Singh201487, Hattor2014257, Depczynski20131045}. Difference between the M7C3 and M23C6 phases is not readily visible under SEM. In tungsten-containing alloys, carbides of type M7C3 and M6C are formed in addition to the matrix. Ahmed et al report on the identification of intermetallic Co3W and Co7W6 phases through XRD, although these phases are not identified in SEM observations \cite{DeBrouwer1966141, Crook1990446, KRELL2020203138}. + + +\subsection{Blended Stellite Alloys} + +Ahmed et al investigate the influence of the HIP'ing process on stellites \cite{Ahmed2021,Ahmed2017487,Ahmed201470,Ahmed201498,Yu20071385, Yu20091}, and conclude that HIP consolidation of Stellite alloys offers significant technological advantages for components operating in aggressive wear environments due to superior impact and fatigue resistance over cast alloys \cite{Ahmed20138, Ahmed201470, Ashworth1999243, Yu20071385}. In order to achieve unique microstructures from existing stellite alloys, Ahmed et al investigate the performance of blended alloys \cite{Ahmed2023,Ahmed2021}, which are formed through the consolidation of a mixture of two stellite powders. + +% The heck is a blended stellite alloys +A blended stellite alloy is formed by hot isostatic pressing of a mixture of two stellite powders. The powders are created through gas atomization, in which a stream of liquid stellite alloy is disrupted and atomized into tiny molten droplets by a high-pressure inert gas flow \cite{Atkinson20002981, Ahmed2023, Yu2007, Ahmed2021}. The free-falling molten droplets rapidly solidify into spherical particles before being collected, forming high quality stellite powders with controllable size. The rapid cooling of the powder during atomization leads to reduced precipitation of carbides and supersaturation of the metallic matrix with other elements, as seen in the reduced proportion of carbide phases detected in the XRD performed on powders, compared to XRD of HIP'd samples. The mixing of powders is conducted in a powder hopper that ensures uniform distribution of powder mixtures \cite{Ahmed2023, Ahmed2021}. The HIP treatment was conducted at a temperature of 1200 C and a pressure of 100 MPa for a duration of 4 hours, resulting in full dense blended stellite alloys \cite{Li19872831, Ashworth2000351, Atkinson1991}. During the HIP'ing process, carbides are precipitated, in addition to reduction of supersaturation of the matrix \cite{Li19931345, Li19891645}. Depending on the composition of the stellite powders used, the blended alloys could possess uniform microstructure or regions that are similar to the constituent powders. This is due to the different diffusion rates of the added elements - carbon diffuses through the blended alloys while tungsten cannot diffuse due to its high atomic radius \cite{Speight1964683, Coble19704798, Ahmed2023, Ahmed2021}. + +In summary, the literature review underscores the necessity for additional academic inquiry into the cavitation erosion resistance of HIP'ed stellite alloys, particularly focusing on the influence of composition on microstructure and cavitation erosion behavior. This thesis endeavors to address this gap in knowledge by conducting a comprehensive investigation. + + + + +% Novelty +% How well was the novelty of the project expressed? +%To date, academic research pertaining to cavitation erosion specifically on HIP'd stellite alloys appears to be absent from the existing literature. + +% Novelty - Me jerking off to the novelty of my thesis +%Given the detrimental influence of voids and defects on cavitation erosion, the lack of academic investigation into cavitation erosion on HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) stellite alloys, underscores the need for further exploration. Moreover, the complexity introduced by blended stellite alloys in the context of cavitation erosion in corrosive enironments adds another layer of intrigue to this research endeavor. By analyzing the interactions between alloy composition, microstructure, and cavitation erosion behavior, this thesis aims to fill a critical gap in the current understanding of material performance under cavitation erosion conditions. + + +%\end{refsection} +%\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter1-Introduction.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter1-Introduction.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ba040d --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter1-Introduction.tex @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +\documentclass[../Thesis]{subfiles} + +\begin{document} + +\chapter{Introduction} +\chaptermark{Chapter 1 title} % optional for veryy long chapter, you can rename what appear in the header + +{ +\hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +\minitoc +} +%% have a mini table of content at the start of the chapter + +\section{Start} +\subsection{Basic Info} +\subsubsection{This Is A Subsubsection} +Subsubsection should not be numbered, nor indicated in the table of contents. The config options are tocdepth and secnumdepth, you can find them in the config file. + +\paragraph{Paragraph Title} +I studied \cite{C08} and that was fun. I also looked at \cite{C02} \footnote{you should do footnotes like this. More details here \url{https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Footnotes}}. + +I also wrote this \cite{C05}. But the most fun thing was reading \cite{C01} + +URI should be included like this \url{https://github.com/jackred/Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template}. + +\subsection{Equation} +Equations placed on separate lines from the text should be numbered whether or not they are referred to in the text. Numbering should appear in round brackets at the right hand side of the page and be ordered consecutively either throughout the thesis as (1) etc, or in each chapter (1.1) etc. Equations should be referred to in the text as equation(1) etc.\par +\bigskip +Believe it or not, this is the equation for the canonical version of PSO, using the inertia factor, first proposed in 1998. +\begin{equation} + V_{i} = wV_{i} + c_{1} * U(0,1) * (P_{i} - X_{i}) + c_{2} * U(0,1) * (L_{i} - X_{i}) + \label{eqn:velocityInertia} +\end{equation} + +% you refer an equation like this +And here you have the constriction factor equation, which have the same role as the inertia factor defined in \eref{eqn:velocityInertia}, but is used differently. Proposed in 1999. +\begin{equation} + \chi = \dfrac{2}{|2 - \phi - \sqrt{\phi^{2} - 4\phi}|} + \label{eqn:velocityConstriction} +\end{equation} + +Was I just lazy and copied the equation of my Master Thesis? Not at all. Look, here is the gravity equation for PSO2011, proposed, as the name suggest, in 2011. +\begin{equation} + G_{i} = \dfrac{X_{i} + (X_{i}+U(0,1)c(P_{i}-X_{i})) + (X_{i}+U(0,1)c(L_{i}-X_{i}))}{3} + \label{eqn:gravityVelocity2011} +\end{equation} + +\clearpage % aesthetic purpose + +\subsection{Tables} +Tables, figures etc. shall be numbered either consecutively throughout the thesis–Table 1, Figure 1 etc., or within individual chapters Chapter –Table1.1, but not within sections or subsections. With in the text tables should be referred to as table 1etc. + +\begin{table}[H] + \centering + \begin{tabular}{llllll} + D10 & min & max & median & std & average \\ + f1 & 0.00E+00 & 0.00E+00 & 0.00E+00 & 0.00E+00 & 0.00E+00 \\ + f3 & 4.40E-02 & 1.37E+08 & 3.49E+05 & 2.18E+07 & 6.46E+06 \\ + f8 & 2.01E+01 & 2.05E+01 & 2.03E+01 & 8.44E-02 & 2.03E+01 \\ + f9 & 1.51E+00 & 6.96E+00 & 4.54E+00 & 1.21E+00 & 4.53E+00 \\ + f15 & 1.41E+02 & 1.04E+03 & 7.16E+02 & 2.26E+02 & 6.64E+02 \\ + f20 & 1.26E+00 & 3.82E+00 & 3.02E+00 & 5.67E-01 & 2.93E+00 \\ + f21 & 1.00E+02 & 4.00E+02 & 4.00E+02 & 1.05E+02 & 3.33E+02 \\ + f22 & 8.79E+01 & 8.30E+02 & 4.83E+02 & 2.00E+02 & 4.91E+02 \\ + f25 & 2.04E+02 & 2.23E+02 & 2.15E+02 & 3.73E+00 & 2.15E+02 + \end{tabular} + \rule{35em}{0.5pt} + \caption[Example table]{Summary Statistics for the 10 dimensional case of PSO 2007 with a ring neighborhood of 4. I know you don't know what it means. But at least you have an example of a table. More info here \url{https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Tables}} + \label{tab:PSO_2007_D10_R4} +\end{table} + + +\subsection{Figures} +Because I think you are very interested in PSO (or I am just very lazy) here is a nice figure explaining how PSO 2006 works. +\begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \includegraphics[]{Figures/pso2006.png} + \rule{35em}{0.5pt} + \caption[SPSO 06/07 movement]{SPSO 2006 and 2007 particle's position update. $X'_{i}$ and $X"_{i}$ are temporary point to explain the second and third terms of equation \ref{eqn:velocityInertia}.} + \label{fig:schemaPSO2006Update} +\end{figure} + + +\clearpage % aesthetic purpose + +And while we are at it, look at the 2011 version, that you can't probably understand without the context, but eh, it's a figure to illustrate how to put some. We can see it is different than \fref{fig:schemaPSO2006Update} +\begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \includegraphics[]{Figures/pso2011.png} + \rule{35em}{0.5pt} + \caption[SPSO 2011 movement]{SPSO 2011 particle's position update. $X'_{i}$ is generated inside the hyper-sphere of center $G_{i}$.} + \label{fig:schemaPSO2011Update} +\end{figure} + +I placed my figure right after the text, but you will usually use other option to place them, such as \textit{htpb}. More info \url{https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Positioning_of_Figures}. + +\begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \rotatebox{90}{\includegraphics[width=22cm]{Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001}} + \rule{35em}{0.5pt} + \caption[Sideways picture]{How to put a very big picture sideways. It is in French but who cares?} + \label{fig:veryBigFigure} +\end{figure} + + +\begin{landscape} +\begin{figure}[!h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001} + \caption{How to put a figure in landscape instead} + \label{fig:verybigfigure2} +\end{figure} +\end{landscape} + + +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter2.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter2.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9681b78 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +\documentclass[../Thesis]{subfiles} +\begin{document} + +\chapter{Some Very Informative Text} +\chaptermark{Title of The Chapter} + +{ +\hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +\minitoc +} + +\section{Information} +\subsection{This is a test} + +Let's just have the equation of Charged PSO to see how equation are numbered through Chapter (spoil, per chapter): +\begin{equation} + V_{i} = wV_{i} + c_{1} * U(0,1) * (P_{i} - X_{i}) + c_{2} * U(0,1) * (L_{i} - X_{i}) + a_{i} \label{eqn:velocityChargedUpdate} +\end{equation} +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Congue eu consequat ac felis donec et odio pellentesque. Sem fringilla ut morbi tincidunt augue interdum. Imperdiet massa tincidunt nunc pulvinar sapien et ligula. Urna condimentum mattis pellentesque id nibh tortor. Fringilla est ullamcorper eget nulla facilisi etiam dignissim. Vel turpis nunc eget lorem dolor sed viverra ipsum nunc. Volutpat est velit egestas dui id ornare arcu odio. Pretium nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus. Aenean et tortor at risus viverra adipiscing at. Vivamus arcu felis bibendum ut tristique et egestas quis. Sollicitudin aliquam ultrices sagittis orci. Vulputate sapien nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum. + + +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter3.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter3.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67f58fb --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +\documentclass[../Thesis]{subfiles} +\begin{document} + +\chapter{Conclusion} +\chaptermark{This is the end, skyfall} + +{ +\hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +\minitoc +} + +\section{This is the end} + + +You have to finish your Thesis. 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Feedback is to be recorded and design is to be altered to alleviate concerns. + }; + + \node (ModularDesignMitigation) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode03, xshift=4.5cm, yshift=-4cm] + { + \textbf{Modular Design} + \nodepart{second} + Modularization of the design should allow for easy modification and adjustment of components as needed. + }; + + \node (RedundancySparePartsMitigation) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode03, xshift=9.5cm] + { + \textbf{Spare Part \& Redundancies} + \nodepart{second} + Spare parts are to be readily available, either in nearby storage or purchasable through local vendors by next business day. + }; + +\begin{comment} + \node (Part) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, right=of AuxNode02] + { + \textbf{PART} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + + \node (AuxNode03) [below=of Sensor] {}; + \node (Pressure) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode03, xshift=2cm] + { + \textbf{Pressure} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (Temperature) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, right=of AuxNode03, xshift=-2cm] + { + \textbf{Temperature} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (PressureInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Pressure, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-p-suction\newline fw-p-delivery\newline fw-p-loop\newline sw-p-suction\newline sw-p-delivery + \newline sw-p-loop + }; + \node (ClOp) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of PressureInstants] + { + \textbf{Closed/Open} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (ClOpInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of ClOp, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-clop-warm-up\newline sw-clop-control + }; + \node (TemperatureInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Temperature, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-t-engine\newline fw-t-heat-exch.\newline sw-t-heat-exch. + }; + \node (Level) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of TemperatureInstants] + { + \textbf{Level} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (LevelInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Level, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-l-tank + }; + \node (Ammeter) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of LevelInstants] + { + \textbf{Ammeter} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (AmmeterInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Ammeter, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-pump-ammeter\newline sw-pump-ammeter + }; + + \node (AuxNode04) [below=of Part] {}; + \node (Pump) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode04, xshift=2cm] + { + \textbf{Pump} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (Valve) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, right=of AuxNode04, xshift=-2cm] + { + \textbf{Valve} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (PumpInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Pump, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-pump\newline sw-pump + }; + \node (Tank) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of PumpInstants] + { + \textbf{Tank} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (ValveInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Valve, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-suction-valve\newline fw-delivery-valve\newline sw-suction-valve\newline sw-delivery-valve + \newline sw-discharge-valve\newline sw-control-valve + }; + \node (Engine) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of ValveInstants] + { + \textbf{Engine} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (TankInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Tank, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-expansion-tank + }; + \node (HeatExchanger) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of TankInstants] + { + \textbf{Heat Exchanger} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (HeatExchangerInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of HeatExchanger, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-heat-exchanger + }; + \node (EngineInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Engine, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-engine + }; + \node (Strainer) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of HeatExchangerInstants] + { + \textbf{Strainer} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (StrainerInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Strainer, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}sw-strainer + }; + \node (Coolant) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of EngineInstants] + { + \textbf{Coolant} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (CoolantInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Coolant, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-coolant\newline sw-coolant + }; + + \node (AuxNode05) [below=of System] {}; + \node (CoolingSystem) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode05, xshift=2cm] + { + \textbf{Cooling System} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (CoolingLoop) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, right=of AuxNode05, xshift=-2cm] + { + \textbf{Cooling Loop} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (CoolingSystemInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of CoolingSystem, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}cool + }; + \node (CoolingLoopInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of CoolingLoop, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-loop\newline sw-loop + }; + + + \draw[myarrow] (Sensor.north) -- ++(0,0.8) -| (TechnicalRisk.south); + \draw[line] (Sensor.north) -- ++(0,0.8) -| (Part.north); + + \draw[line] (Pressure.west) -- ++(-0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Temperature.east) -- ++(0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Level.east) -- ++(0.2,0); + \draw[myarrow] (ClOp.west) -- ++(-0.2,0) -- ([yshift=0.5cm, xshift=-0.2cm] Pressure.north west) -| + ([xshift=-1cm]Sensor.south); + \draw[myarrow] (Ammeter.east) -- ++(0.2,0) -- ([yshift=0.5cm, xshift=0.2cm] Temperature.north east) -| + ([xshift=1cm]Sensor.south); + + \draw[line] (Tank.west) -- ++(-0.2,0); + \draw[line] (HeatExchanger.west) -- ++(-0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Pump.west) -- ++(-0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Valve.east) -- ++(0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Engine.east) -- ++(0.2,0); + \draw[myarrow] (Strainer.west) -- ++(-0.2,0) -- ([yshift=0.5cm, xshift=-0.2cm] Pump.north west) -| + ([xshift=-1cm]Part.south); + \draw[myarrow] (Coolant.east) -- ++(0.2,0) -- ([yshift=0.5cm, xshift=0.2cm] Valve.north east) -| + ([xshift=1cm]Part.south); + + \draw[myarrow] (CoolingSystem.north) -- ++(0,0.8) -| (System.south); + \draw[line] (CoolingSystem.north) -- ++(0,0.8) -| (CoolingLoop.north); +\end{comment} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001.png b/proposal_archive/Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecacc75 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:32399f890fe06d17701013ed980469acc576489865f99698fce199af4c6c0c27 +size 112125 diff --git a/proposal_archive/HWThesis.pdf b/proposal_archive/HWThesis.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f94ec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/HWThesis.pdf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c5757c22bce47cd6af90a3a88f54fde21e3215e24c3c8013201d9ff8c033b83f +size 691508 diff --git a/proposal_archive/HWThesis.tex b/proposal_archive/HWThesis.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8746a02 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/HWThesis.tex @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Heriot-Watt University Thesis Template +% Created by : Majed Al Saeed +% Date: June 2012 +% Department of Computer Science +% Heriot-Watt University +% +% Updated by: Alexandre Coates +% Date: February 2021 +% Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences +% Heriot-Watt University +% +% Used by: Vishakh Pradeep Kumar +% Date: April 2024 +% School of Engineering and Physical Sciences +% Heriot-Watt University +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{report} + +%==============================title page info================================= + +% Name of the author +\newcommand{\auth}{Vishakh Pradeep Kumar} +% Title of Thesis +\newcommand{\thesistitle}{Cavitation Erosion of Blended Stellite Alloys} +% Degree +\newcommand{\degree}{MSc. Mechanical Engineering} +% Date submitted +\newcommand{\supdate}{April 2024} + +%===================================packages=================================== +\usepackage[top=20mm, bottom=20mm, left=40mm, right=20mm]{geometry} +\usepackage{setspace} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} %fancy headers +\usepackage{acro} %acronyms +\usepackage{graphicx} %graphics +%\usepackage{subfigure}% +%\usepackage{subcaption} %subcaptions for subfigures +\usepackage{xspace} +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{pdfpages} +\usepackage{alltt} +\usepackage{float} % to use [H] +\usepackage[notindex, nottoc, notlof, notlot]{tocbibind} %table of content options +%\usepackage{lscape} % if you want to use land scape in one paper + %...\begin{landscape}\end{landscape} +\usepackage{amsmath} %mathematical environments for equations etc +\usepackage{amssymb} %mathematical symbols +\usepackage{amsthm} %for defining mathematical theorems +\usepackage{siunitx} %mainly for producing the degrees symbol using \ang{}, but contains SI units obviously +\usepackage{braket} %for BraKet notation +\usepackage{nicefrac} %a nice fraction, side by side rather than top to bottom +\usepackage{hyperref} %in-document links between references and sections/figures/equations +\usepackage{wrapfig} %figure placement +\usepackage[counterclockwise]{rotating} +\usepackage{booktabs} %better tables + +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{xcolor} +\usepackage{multirow} +\usepackage{amsfonts} + +\usepackage{cleveref} %more internal referencing behaviour, lets you use \cref instead of \ref, MUST BE AFTER HYPERREF +%\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} %related to encoding %not needed as of 2018/9 I think +\usepackage{parskip} % OPTIONAL - removes paragraph indentation +\usepackage[colorinlistoftodos]{todonotes} % to do notes, might help you keep track of things +\reversemarginpar +\setlength{\marginparwidth}{35mm} +%\reversemarginpar %force todonotes into the left margin, as it defaults to the right hand margin + +\usepackage{enumitem} + + +%%% Citations %%% +\usepackage[backend=biber,style=numeric-comp, sorting=none]{biblatex} %using biblatex for citations, style is set to numeric-comp by default, and sorting is set to none so the bibliography prints references in the order of their appearance. See more details in the main document + +\addbibresource{literature_review.bib} %add a source for references here +%if you want to load from multiple bib files then do \addbibresource{file1,file2,file3} - no spaces, and you may need the .bib or whatever you file extension is + + +%%% other things %%% +\graphicspath{{Figures/}{../Figures/}} %sets path for figures for two levels of nesting the fig folder + +\setcounter{tocdepth}{3} %set how many subsections your table of contents will show down to +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} %set how many levels deep your section numbering will go, 3 means going to subsubsection +\date{\today} + +%=========================== define acronyms =============== +%list the command to type, the short version, and the long version at a minimum +%for more advanced features like grouping, tagging or setting capitalisation, see the acro documentation on CTAN +%\DeclareAcronym{lol}{short = lol, long = laughing out loud} +%\DeclareAcronym{www}{short = WWW , long = World-Wide Web} +%\DeclareAcronym{wys}{short=WYSIWYG, long = What you see is what you get} +%\DeclareAcronym{woodchuck}{short = HMWWAWCIAWCCW, long= How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?} +%\DeclareAcronym{opt}{short = Optional, long = Including a list of used terms/acronyms is totally optional} +%\DeclareAcronym{jau}{short = JAU, long = Join a Union} +%\input {Acronyms} %or you can list your acronyms in a separate file, but it is more work to sort out with subfiles + + +\usepackage{subfiles} %this need to be the LAST package you include +%===================================Document=================================== +\begin{document} +\doublespacing + +%==================================Title page================================== +\pagestyle{empty} +\begin{center} +\begin{spacing}{2} +{\large{\ \\ \vspace{1.5cm}\textbf{\MakeUppercase{Research Proposal}}}}\\ +{\Large{\ \\ \vspace{0.05cm}\textbf{\MakeUppercase{\thesistitle}}}}\\ +\end{spacing} +\vfill +{\Large\textit{by}}\\\vspace{0.2cm} +{\Large\upshape{\auth}}\\\vspace{1.0cm} +\includegraphics[width=5cm]{HW_shield}\\ +\vspace{1cm} +{\large Submitted for the degree of \\ \degree}\\ +\vspace{1cm} +{\large\textsc{School of Engineering and Physical Sciences}\\ +\textsc{Heriot-Watt University}}\vfill +{\large{\supdate}} +\end{center} +%===================================Abstract================================= +\clearpage +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Abstract} +\end{center} +\vspace{1cm} + +\begin{spacing}{1} +\noindent +%Write the abstract here. +%In accordance with the Academic Regulations the thesis must contain an abstract preferably not exceeding 200 words, bound in to precede the thesis. The abstract should appear on its own, on a single page. The format should be the same as that of the main text. The abstract should provide a synopsis of the thesis and shall state clearly the nature and scope of the research undertaken and of the contribution made to the knowledge of the subject treated. There should be a brief statement of the method of investigation where appropriate, an outline of the major divisions or principal arguments of thework and a summary of any conclusions reached. The abstract must follow the Title Page. + +% TODO +Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon influenced by the intensity of cavitating bubbles and material resistance, leading to performance degradation through material loss. This research endeavors to evaluate the resistance of blended stellite alloys to cavitation erosion. +%Simulation of cavitation phenomena will be achieved using ultrasonic vibrating probes positioned consistently from the material. +The study will investigate the synergy between cavitation and corrosion through in-situ electrochemical measurements. Experimental procedures will involve an ultrasonic vibratory horn operating at a fixed frequency of 20 kHz, with adjustable peak-to-peak amplitude. Microstructural characterization of cavitated sample surfaces and underlying cross-sections affected by cavitation will be conducted using scanning electron microscopy. + + +\end{spacing} +%==================================frontmatter================================ +\clearpage +\pagestyle{plain} +\clearpage\pagenumbering{roman} + +%\noindent +%{\LARGE\textbf{Acknowledgements}} +%\vspace{1cm} + +%\begin{spacing}{1} +%\noindent +%You can write whatever you want to in the Acknowledgements, I have seen thanks to videogames, rubber ducks, takeaway restaurants, Karl Marx and so on. Some people even go as far as to put down things or people that got in the way of their thesis. If you consider going that route, keep things civil! Still, this is your space, there's no real guidelines, include a fancy quote then several paragraphs about ghosts if you like, or maybe a poem that speaks to you. Have a think about it. + +%After this comes the mandatory table of contents. + +%\textbf{Lists of Tables and Figures, Glossary, List of Publications by the Candidate} + +%It is \textit{optional} to provide these lists. If provided, then they should start on the page following the table of contents and be in the order: Tables, Figures, Glossary (list of abbreviations), Publications. + +%Items in lists of Tables and Figures should be in the order in which they occur in the text. +%\end{spacing} + +\tableofcontents +%\listoftables %optional +%\listoffigures %optional% +%\printacronyms %OPTIONAL prints used acronyms wherever you put this +%===================================headings================================= +\clearpage +\pagestyle{fancy} +\pagenumbering{arabic} +\fancyhead{} +\lhead{\slshape \leftmark} +\cfoot{\thepage} +\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt} +\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.0pt} +\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\chaptername\ \thechapter:\ #1}{}} +%===================================Chapters================================ + +\input{Chapter_Introduction} +\input{Chapter_LitReview} +%\subfile{Chapter_Archive} +%\subfile{Chapter_Background} +%\subfile{Chapter_Design} +%\subfile{Chapter_Conclusion} + + +%=================================Bibliography================================ +%If you just need super simple references you can remove all the biblatex stuff and have this for a lump of references at the end, but it's less flexible than biblatex. Remember, you can just remove all of the refsections and biblatex will work with just a \printbibliography command wherever you'd like. + +%\bibliographystyle{abbrv} +%\bibliography{Bibliography.bib} + +%print bibliography for whole thesis (not obligatory, you can do per-chapter bibliographies if you want) +%\printbibliography[section=1,heading=subbibliography, title= Introduction] %print references for the 1st refsection, custom title for references +%\printbibliography[section=2,heading=subbibliography, title = some random custom title] %print references for the 2nd refsection, + +%\printbibheading %print the heading that say BIBLIOGRAPHY +\printbibliography % print ALL references + +%===================================Appendix================================ +\appendix +%\subfile{Chapters/Appendix1} + +\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{Appendix \thechapter.\ #1}{}} + +\chapter{Risk Assessments} + +The following risk assessments are: +\begin{itemize} +\item Grinder-Polisher \ref{RA_GrinderPolisher} +\item Ultrasonic Bath \ref{RA_UltrasonicBath} +\item Cavitation Equipment \ref{RA_Cavitation} +\end{itemize} + +\section{Risk Assessment - Grinder Polisher} +\label{RA_GrinderPolisher} + +\includepdf[pages=- pagecommand={\section{Risk Assessment Grinder Polisher}\label{RA_GrinderPolisher}\thispagestyle{plain}}]{equipment_manuals/RA_GrinderPolisher.pdf} + + +\section{Risk Assessment - Ultrasonic Bath} +\label{RA_UltrasonicBath} + +\includepdf[pages=- pagecommand={\section{Risk Assessment - Ultrasonic Bath }\label{RA_UltrasonicBath}\thispagestyle{plain}}]{equipment_manuals/RA_UltrasonicBath.pdf} + + +\section{Risk Assessment - Cavitation Equipment} +\label{RA_Cavitation} + +\includepdf[pages=- pagecommand={\section{Risk Assessment - Cavitation }\label{RA_Cavitation}\thispagestyle{plain}}]{equipment_manuals/RA_Cavitation.pdf} + + +%\printbiblist +%the sorting order of your bibliography is determined by the arguments in the square brackets when importing biblatex, can sort by year or name if preferred +\end{document} + + diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-config.tex b/proposal_archive/I-config.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a406131 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-config.tex @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +%% prefer than direct use in usepackage geometry +%% A4 layout in point is % 595x842 + +%% default value +\setlength{\hoffset}{0pt} +\setlength{\voffset}{0pt} + +%% height +%% 72 - 60 + 20 + 25 = 57 +\setlength{\topmargin}{-60pt} +\setlength{\headheight}{20pt} +\setlength{\headsep}{25pt} + +\setlength{\footskip}{30pt} + +%% width +%% 72 + 32 + 10 = 114pt = 40mm +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\evensidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\marginparsep}{10pt} + +%% size text +\setlength{\textheight}{728pt} +\setlength{\textwidth}{425pt} + +%% style +%% preliminary, just roman pagination + empty header +\fancypagestyle{preliminary}{ + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} + \fancyhead[RCL]{} + + \pagenumbering{Roman} +} +%% chapter/classic text style +\fancypagestyle{chapter}{ + %% title of the chapter, left header, no uppercase, 10 pt, italics, no bold + \fancyhead[L]{\normalfont\itshape\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont\nouppercase{\leftmark}} + \fancyhead[R]{} + + \fancyfoot[C]{\thepage} + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt} + \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} + \pagenumbering{arabic} +} + +%% define length and scaling for baseline +\newcommand{\headingBaseline}{12} +\newcommand{\headingBaselineDiv}{10} +\newlength{\chapterFontSize} +\newlength{\sectionFontSize} +\newlength{\subsectionFontSize} +\newlength{\chapterBaseline} +\newlength{\sectionBaseline} +\newlength{\subsectionBaseline} + +%% change those value if you want to change the chapter/section/subsection font size +\setlength{\chapterFontSize}{14pt} +\setlength{\sectionFontSize}{12pt} +\setlength{\subsectionFontSize}{12pt} + +%% automatic computation for baseline, rule of thumb is 1.2 +\setlength{\chapterBaseline}{ \chapterFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\sectionBaseline}{ \sectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\subsectionBaseline}{ \subsectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} + + +%% headings +%% Chapter, 14-point, bold +\titleformat{\chapter}[display] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter, +% \titleformat{\chapter}[display] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\chapter}{0pt}{10pt}{25pt} + +%% Section, 12-point +\titleformat{\section}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter +% \titleformat{\section}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{25pt}{15pt} + +%% Subsection, 12-point, italic +\titleformat{\subsection}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{} +% \titleformat{\subsection}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont\MakeLowercase}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{\makefirstuc} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{20pt}{10pt} + +%% table of content +\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Table of Contents} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{2} +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} + +%% list of figure +\renewcommand*\listfigurename{Figure table} + +%% init gloassaries +%% noidx cause otherwise we have to do a normal glossary, compile, then remove it so it is cached +%% because we only use acronym +\makenoidxglossaries + +%% bibliography config +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/6977 +\DeclareBibliographyCategory{cited} +\AtEveryCitekey{\addtocategory{cited}{\thefield{entrykey}}} +%\addbibresource{Bibliography.bib} +%\addbibresource{../literature_review.bib} + +%% hyperref setup +\hypersetup{ + colorlinks = true, + linkcolor = blue, % normal internal links, like ref, can be black tbh + citecolor = blue, % bibliographical links + urlcolor = blue, % linked urls + filecolor = black % url which open local bfiles +} + +%% modified reference function +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/438998 +\newcommand\eref[1]{equation~(\ref{#1})} +\newcommand\tref[1]{table~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand\fref[1]{figure~\ref{#1}} + +%% 1.5 line spacing +\setstretch{1.5} diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-glossary.tex b/proposal_archive/I-glossary.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..058d391 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-glossary.tex @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +\newacronym{gcd}{GCD}{Greatest Common Divisor} +\newacronym{lcm}{LCM}{Least Common Multiple} diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-info.tex b/proposal_archive/I-info.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d792127 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-info.tex @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +% [[file:thesis.org::+BEGIN_SRC latex :tangle I-info.tex][No heading:1]] +%% The title of Thesis +\newcommand{\thesisTitle}{Cavitation Erosion of Blended Stellite Alloys} +%% Number of Volume, if more than one +%% not sure how it works out with latex tbh +%\newcommand{\numberVolume}{2} +%% The number of this volume +%\newcommand{\actualVolume}{1} +%% The author's name (you) +\newcommand{\authorName}{Vishakh Pradeep Kumar} +%% Distinctions/Qualifications if desired +%\newcommand{\distinction}{} +%% The qualification +\newcommand{\degreeQualification}{MSc. Mechanical Engineering} +%% The institution +%\newcommand{\institution}{Some weird institute no one ever heard about} +%% The school +\newcommand{\school}{School of Engineering and Physical Sciences} +\newcommand{\university}{Heriot-Watt University} +%% Month of submission +\newcommand{\monthDate}{April} +%% Year of submission +\newcommand{\yearDate}{2024} +% No heading:1 ends here diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-packages-2.tex b/proposal_archive/I-packages-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3ff884 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-packages-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +\usepackage{subfiles} diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-packages.tex b/proposal_archive/I-packages.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06348b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-packages.tex @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +\usepackage{graphicx} % include graphics +\usepackage{fancyhdr} % layout +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % font +\usepackage{setspace} % spacing +% \usepackage[left=4cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry} +\usepackage{mathptmx} % looks like times new roman +\usepackage{slantsc} +\usepackage{titlesec} +\usepackage{mfirstuc} +\usepackage{calc}% http://ctan.org/pkg/calc +\usepackage[acronym, nonumberlist]{glossaries} % https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Glossaries +\usepackage[defernumbers=true, sorting=none]{biblatex} +\usepackage{hyperref} % https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref +\usepackage{pdfpages} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{minitoc} +\usepackage{pdflscape} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/1-titlepages.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/1-titlepages.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..037b727 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/1-titlepages.tex @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +\begin{center} +\vspace*{15pt}\par +\setstretch{1} +% \hrule +% \vspace{10pt}\par +\begin{spacing}{1.8} +%% you can replace by \MakeUppercase if you want uppercase +{\Large\bfseries\MakeLowercase{\capitalisewords{\thesisTitle}}}\\ +\end{spacing} +% \hrule +% This thesis is composed of \numberVolume volumes. This one is the number \actualVolume. + +\vspace{40pt}\par +\includegraphics[width=140pt]{Figures/logo.png}\\ +\vspace{40pt}\par + + +{\itshape\fontsize{15.5pt}{19pt}\selectfont by\\}\vspace{15pt}\par + +{ +\Large \authorName +% , \distinction +}\vspace{55pt}\par + +{ +\large Submitted for the degree of \\ \vspace{8pt} \Large\slshape\degreeQualification\\ +} + +\vspace{35pt}\par + +{\scshape\setstretch{1.5} \institution\\ \school\\ \university\\ +} + +\vspace{50pt}\par + + +{\large \monthDate\ \yearDate} + +%\vfill + +%\begin{flushleft} +%\setstretch{1.4}\small +%The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. +%\end{flushleft} +\end{center} + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/2-abstract.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/2-abstract.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09e1786 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/2-abstract.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Abstract} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent +In accordance with the Academic Regulations the thesis must contain an abstract preferably not exceeding 200 words, bound in to precede the thesis. The abstract should appear on its own, on a single page. The format should be the same as that of the main text. The abstract should provide a synopsis of the thesis and shall state clearly the nature and scope of the research undertaken and of the contribution made to the knowledge of the subject treated. There should be a brief statement of the method of investigation where appropriate, an outline of the major divisions or principal arguments of the work and a summary of any conclusions reached. The abstract must follow the Title Page. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/3-dedication.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/3-dedication.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0327ef --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/3-dedication.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Dedication} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +If a dedication is included then it should be immediately after the Abstract page.\par +I don't what it is actually. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/4-acknowledgments.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/4-acknowledgments.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..55760cc --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/4-acknowledgments.tex @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Acknowledgements} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent I wanna thanks all coffee and tea manufacturers and sellers that made the completion of this work possible. diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..621429b Binary files /dev/null and b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf differ diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..457b94e --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.tex @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +Declaration statement + +https://www.hw.ac.uk/students/studies/examinations/thesis.htm + +This form should be placed after the Acknowledgements and bound into every copy of the thesis. Please note that the Student Service Centre will be unable to accept your thesis if the form is not bound into each submitted copy + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Publications/Publication1.pdf b/proposal_archive/Publications/Publication1.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12efe30 Binary files /dev/null and b/proposal_archive/Publications/Publication1.pdf differ diff --git a/proposal_archive/README.md b/proposal_archive/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..610b2ad --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +# Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template +A template for LaTeX. Should be following the guidelines for the submission of a thesis at Heriot-Watt University. + +## Copyright/Licensing +This template is licensed under the MIT License. You can use it, modify it, distribute it, as long as the License and Copyright notice are included. You don't need to provide the copyright notice in the pdf version of your thesis. However if you provide or make public the latex version, please include it. The License limitations includes liability and warranty. + +MIT is softer than the lppl or whatever other License you can find, hence my use of it. + +## Disclaimer +Any word missing or other type of error should be attributed to my lack of attention and my absence of motivation about reading everything twice. + +## Implementation +I tried to follow the guideline as much as possible, here is what I made: +- A4 sized, with 40mm left margin and 20mm other margin, with 2 spaces between sentences and 1.5 spacing between lines, with justified text. +- 12pt font, similar to Times New Roman (LaTeX don't have the exact one) +- Page Numbering 10mm above the edge, Roman numerals (possible to remove) for the preliminaries +- Titlepage with everything asked for +- Abstract/Dedication/Acknowledgements page +- Pdf inclusion code to add the Declaration form right in the Thesis +- Table of Content, List of Tables, Figures, Glossary (for acronym), List of Publications by the Candidate (using the bibliography system) +- One chapter per files, that you can compile alone to avoid long compilation on the whole Thesis +- Heading: chapter 14pt, section 12pt, subsection 12pt italicised, all bold. Chapter and section have capitalised initial in the heading (not in the toc). It can be changed in the config files as it can be annoying if you have word that should be all uppercase. +- Chapter numbering, note numbering +- Headers with chapter title (or leftmark if you change it), 10pt italicsm no bold, Footers with only page number +- Table/Figures/Equations command for referencing, propoer numbering +- Appendices letter numbering +- Published paper as pdf in appendix, referenced in toc +- List of reference and Bibliography (or further reading) using biblatex + +## Modifications + +There is probably some modifications to the Template itself you want to make. I'll try to list a few I thought of. + +### Contributing +If you think the one you did are worth mentionning, you can submit a Pull Request to this repository with your modifications. In the even I don't have time to maintain this repository in the future, feel free to fork it and contact me about it, I'll update the README to inform people to look at your fork instead. + +### Comment +You will find some comment in the Template. It is often there to change some part. The most notable one are: +- the Table Of Content/List Of Figures/etc one, which allow you to remove the pagination from those specific pages (it is very annoying to do) +- Some part of the title page I don't think are necessary + +It also works the other way, part such as the List of Figures, List of Publications, Bibliography, etc are optional and can be commented. + +### Heading +I followed the guidelines regarding the heading size, which makes them way smaller than the default LaTeX style and also less noticeable. This can be changed in the `I-config.tex` files. Line 57-59 define the constant defining the size of the headder. The baseline is automatically computed. The style itself can be changed in the next part, starting line 69. + +### Glossary +I used the acronym version for the glossary, and I am not using the `\gls` command. You can have more details here: [Overleaf help](https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Glossaries). This is bit annoying to work with, as without the `noidx` command, you need first to create a normal glossary, then comment it and create your acronym gloassary. The package is creating some cached files, and apparently need it this way. The way it is written in the template works however, but if you want more functionality from the package, you will have to implement them yourself. + +### Bibliography +I put 3 bibliographies: +- The list of publications (yours) if you have one +- The list of references, the work you cite +- The bliography or further reading, for any works you used but don't cite + +Only the references use a numbered column. The two other are sorted alphabetically. Your work should be put in the `BibMine.bib` file. It will be listed in the References and Further reading (depending if you cite it). If you want to change that, you will have to modify the `refsection` and/or create some new one. Everything was done with biblatex. + +### Section/Chapter heading / Thesis title +I originally added some auto capitalising because I thought it was nice, but it can be pretty annoying if you want to write full uppercase word, and it doesn't appear in the TOC. I left it commented if you want to still use it however + +## How to use + +### Overleaf +A template is available on Overleaf [here](https://www.overleaf.com/latex/templates/heriot-watt-thesis-template/whcchqtmfxgf) + +### Github +You can download the lastest version (normally the same as on Overleaf) on [github](https://github.com/jackred/Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template) clicking on `code` then `Download ZIP`. You can also clone or fork the repository directly to create your thesis repository. diff --git a/proposal_archive/ResearchProposal_Vishakh.pdf b/proposal_archive/ResearchProposal_Vishakh.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04d7b75 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/ResearchProposal_Vishakh.pdf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a90017ab152d39ccf6a737c1f6161678ca9f653745e4a2cef439364a76262861 +size 1736951 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.aux b/proposal_archive/Thesis.aux new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aaeb7b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.aux @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +\relax +\providecommand\hyper@newdestlabel[2]{} +\abx@aux@refcontext{nty/global//global/global} +\providecommand\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\AtBeginDocument} +\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined +\global\let\oldcontentsline\contentsline +\gdef\contentsline#1#2#3#4{\oldcontentsline{#1}{#2}{#3}} +\global\let\oldnewlabel\newlabel 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It will be recreated by +% biber as required. +% +\begingroup +\makeatletter +\@ifundefined{ver@biblatex.sty} + {\@latex@error + {Missing 'biblatex' package} + {The bibliography requires the 'biblatex' package.} + \aftergroup\endinput} + {} +\endgroup + + +\refsection{0} + \datalist[entry]{nty/global//global/global} + \entry{Ahmed2023}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=8da5f61983121a25e044ca92bd036b2a}{% + family={Fardan}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{fullhash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{bibnamehash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{authornamehash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{authorfullhash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \field{sortinit}{A} + \field{sortinithash}{2f401846e2029bad6b3ecc16d50031e2} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Stellite alloys have good wear resistance and maintain their strength up to ~ 600°C, making them suitable for various industrial applications like cutting tools and combustion engine parts. This investigation was aimed at i) manufacturing new Stellite alloy blends using powder metallurgy and ii) mathematically mapping hardness, yield strength, ductility and impact energy of base and alloy blends. Linear, exponential, polynomial approximations and dimensional analyses were conducted in this semi-empirical mathematical modelling approach. Base alloy compositions similar to Stellite 1, 4, 6, 12, 20 and 190 were used in this investigation to form new alloys via blends. The microstructure was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Mechanical performance of alloys was conducted using tensile, hardness and Charpy impact tests. MATLAB® coding was used for the development of property maps. This investigation indicates that hardness and yield strength can be linked to the wt.\% composition of carbon and tungsten using linear approximation with a maximum variance of 5\% and 20\%, respectively. Elongation and carbide fraction showed a non-linear relationship with alloy composition. Impact energy was linked with elongation through polynomial approximation. A dimensional analysis was developed by interlinking carbide fraction, hardness, yield strength, and elongation to impact energy. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.} + \field{journaltitle}{Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies} + \field{note}{Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Green Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access} + \field{title}{Mapping the mechanical properties of cobalt-based stellite alloys manufactured via blending} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{year}{2023} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1080/2374068X.2023.2220242 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ahmed2021}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=75bf7913ab7463c6e3734bec975046fc}{% + family={Villiers\bibnamedelima Lovelock}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.L.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}, + prefix={de}, + prefixi={d\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{fullhash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{bibnamehash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{authornamehash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{authorfullhash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \field{sortinit}{A} + \field{sortinithash}{2f401846e2029bad6b3ecc16d50031e2} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{Cited by: 13} + \field{title}{Sliding wear of blended cobalt based alloys} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{466-467} + \field{year}{2021} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.wear.2020.203533 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ahmed20138}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + 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\field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Tribology International} + \field{note}{Cited by: 33} + \field{title}{Influence of Re-HIPing on the structure-property relationships of cobalt-based alloys} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{57} + \field{year}{2013} + \field{pages}{8\bibrangedash 21} + \range{pages}{14} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.triboint.2012.06.025 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ahmed201470}{article}{} + \name{author}{7}{}{% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=b552922eec4e7175e66609f3e11152e3}{% + family={Ashraf}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=145daf06393e14faf89e790de4a50404}{% + family={Elameen}, + familyi={E\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1c8f35a67217a8f6cbd1f8d3edb797b0}{% + family={Faisal}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={N.H.}, + giveni={N\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=5bf83cf496101d151bbd94a2cca8bbc2}{% + family={El-Sherik}, + familyi={E\bibinithyphendelim S\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.M.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=f360754165e65bab8e87dd3e7aca95bd}{% + family={Elakwah}, + familyi={E\bibinitperiod}, + given={Y.O.}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1b3addb2e90c3e138b74db31e00608e8}{% + family={Goosen}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.F.A.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{82fc6b0dd69b51d07006a5e8127c7a8f} + \strng{fullhash}{556606f570f2a5902b98e54ed6912e82} + \strng{bibnamehash}{82fc6b0dd69b51d07006a5e8127c7a8f} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{82fc6b0dd69b51d07006a5e8127c7a8f} + \strng{authornamehash}{82fc6b0dd69b51d07006a5e8127c7a8f} + \strng{authorfullhash}{556606f570f2a5902b98e54ed6912e82} + \field{extraname}{2} + \field{sortinit}{A} + \field{sortinithash}{2f401846e2029bad6b3ecc16d50031e2} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{cited By 41} + \field{number}{1-2} + \field{title}{Single asperity nanoscratch behaviour of HIPed and cast Stellite 6 alloys} + \field{volume}{312} + \field{year}{2014} + \field{pages}{70\bibrangedash 82} + \range{pages}{13} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.wear.2014.02.006 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ashworth1999243}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=a0a9668f5a93080c8425a8cf80e9d0d2}{% + family={Ashworth}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.A.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=861f02603fbb24a7065a7efd1c8a7e84}{% + family={Bryar}, + familyi={B\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.C.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=27753a82b6390957cb920ec5052f0810}{% + family={Jacobs}, + familyi={J\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.H.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \list{language}{1}{% + {English}% + } + \list{publisher}{1}{% + {Maney Publishing}% + } + \strng{namehash}{abac9b3a3bd887c0c8dedb4a4e169c92} + \strng{fullhash}{21073b0f0b4358cee2a29a604087751a} + \strng{bibnamehash}{abac9b3a3bd887c0c8dedb4a4e169c92} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{abac9b3a3bd887c0c8dedb4a4e169c92} + \strng{authornamehash}{abac9b3a3bd887c0c8dedb4a4e169c92} + \strng{authorfullhash}{21073b0f0b4358cee2a29a604087751a} + \field{sortinit}{A} + \field{sortinithash}{2f401846e2029bad6b3ecc16d50031e2} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{In the present paper the microstructure and properties of a range of hipped Stellite powders are investigated, the basic aim of the study being to generate a material/property database to facilitate alloy selection for potential applications involving net shape component manufacture. Particular attention is paid to the morphology, particle size distribution, and surface composition of the as atomised powders and their effect on subsequent consolidation. The consolidated powders are fully characterised in terms of microstructure and the composition and distribution of secondary phases. The effect of hipping temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of the powders are discussed in terms of the optimum processing temperature for the various alloys.} + \field{issn}{00325899} + \field{journaltitle}{Powder Metallurgy} + \field{note}{Cited by: 21} + \field{number}{3} + \field{title}{Microstructure and property relationships in hipped Stellite powders} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{42} + \field{year}{1999} + \field{pages}{243\bibrangedash 249} + \range{pages}{7} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1179/003258999665585 + \endverb + \keyw{Consolidation; Hardness; Hot isostatic pressing; Metallographic microstructure; Metallographic phases; Morphology; Particle size analysis; Powder metals; Surface structure; Tensile properties; Thermal effects; Wear resistance; Atomised powders; Hipped stellite powders; Net shape component manufacture; Stellite} + \endentry + \entry{Chen201442}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=9ce5142cfd8d1c2cef3d3a1795a6e892}{% + family={Chen}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Fei-Jun}, + giveni={F\bibinithyphendelim J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=551ea7bc38f82912c2ee4f39b5f986bd}{% + family={Yao}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Cheng}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2d4d6ada5ba6b8efe68970cb2a98d162}{% + family={Yang}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Zhen-Guo}, + giveni={Z\bibinithyphendelim G\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{fullhash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{bibnamehash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{authornamehash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{authorfullhash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \field{sortinit}{C} + \field{sortinithash}{4d103a86280481745c9c897c925753c0} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Engineering Failure Analysis} + \field{note}{Cited by: 44} + \field{title}{Failure analysis on abnormal wall thinning of heat-transfer titanium tubes of condensers in nuclear power plant Part II: Erosion and cavitation corrosion} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{37} + \field{year}{2014} + \field{pages}{42\bibrangedash 52} + \range{pages}{11} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.11.002 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Cheng2023}{article}{} + \name{author}{6}{}{% + {{hash=8f654dacacc03006195979b12b096c07}{% + family={Cheng}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Feng}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=6d764bc3263d41bbaa6cf2479004c3aa}{% + family={Wu}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Fujia}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=557b5bf05ca404c8f58d52b022bcc787}{% + family={Wang}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Shuo}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2edd70af216c3594995fd9e5ed10f73d}{% + family={Peng}, + familyi={P\bibinitperiod}, + given={Xiaoxing}, + giveni={X\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=58c0f4ca7214428a8b177e0725ddb48f}{% + family={Cao}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Yantao}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1072e46f1428ee437063f36eb2e2e95b}{% + family={Yang}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Shifei}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{e113b101a5313ae720de2277f2e0cf4e} + \strng{fullhash}{7f9b261ccc10218511f63a5abc4406a0} + \strng{bibnamehash}{e113b101a5313ae720de2277f2e0cf4e} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{e113b101a5313ae720de2277f2e0cf4e} + \strng{authornamehash}{e113b101a5313ae720de2277f2e0cf4e} + \strng{authorfullhash}{7f9b261ccc10218511f63a5abc4406a0} + \field{sortinit}{C} + \field{sortinithash}{4d103a86280481745c9c897c925753c0} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Tribology International} + \field{note}{Cited by: 2} + \field{title}{A prediction model for suction cavitation erosion in a journal bearing} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{184} + \field{year}{2023} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.triboint.2023.108424 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Crook1992766}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=16985215fbfc4124567154cd4ca61487}{% + family={Crook}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={P.}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=c17dfa16af9603e39212f8cc1ee2f33c}{% + family={Levy}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.V.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{fullhash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{bibnamehash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{authornamehash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{authorfullhash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \field{sortinit}{C} + \field{sortinithash}{4d103a86280481745c9c897c925753c0} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{ASM Handbook} + \field{note}{cited By 18} + \field{title}{Friction and wear of cobalt-base wrought alloys} + \field{volume}{18} + \field{year}{1992} + \field{pages}{766\bibrangedash 771} + \range{pages}{6} + \endentry + \entry{Crook199427}{article}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf}{% + family={Crook}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Paul}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{fullhash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{bibnamehash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{authornamehash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{authorfullhash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \field{sortinit}{C} + \field{sortinithash}{4d103a86280481745c9c897c925753c0} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Advanced Materials and Processes} + \field{note}{cited By 22} + \field{number}{4} + \field{title}{Cobalt-base alloys resist wear, corrosion, and heat} + \field{volume}{145} + \field{year}{1994} + \field{pages}{27\bibrangedash 30} + \range{pages}{4} + \endentry + \entry{Desai198489}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=fc05df304d9bc11398a5c124af37591d}{% + family={Desai}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={V.M.}, + giveni={V\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ec550afc1e3aea4900fb58655a64f6da}{% + family={Rao}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={C.M.}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=33b6be2f67c7c521e0d9dd2e94cb03fa}{% + family={Kosel}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={T.H.}, + giveni={T\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1ad7f5a75d8dc26e538ca7e4d233e622}{% + family={Fiore}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={N.F.}, + giveni={N\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{aeae2b334e415789011cf05b2beda57d} + \strng{fullhash}{3e12109fb3ad3bbc6eba6a83ee61b7de} + \strng{bibnamehash}{aeae2b334e415789011cf05b2beda57d} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{aeae2b334e415789011cf05b2beda57d} + \strng{authornamehash}{aeae2b334e415789011cf05b2beda57d} + \strng{authorfullhash}{3e12109fb3ad3bbc6eba6a83ee61b7de} + \field{sortinit}{D} + \field{sortinithash}{6f385f66841fb5e82009dc833c761848} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{cited By 57} + \field{number}{1} + \field{title}{Effect of carbide size on the abrasion of cobalt-base powder metallurgy alloys} + \field{volume}{94} + \field{year}{1984} + \field{pages}{89\bibrangedash 101} + \range{pages}{13} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/0043-1648(84)90168-6 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ding201797}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=2eaf2f6ae9a17a6cd4c7c02fce21d700}{% + family={Ding}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={Yinping}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=6e0407cf2820edaaaeebbc9f383e0490}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Rong}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2b00ca9ea5084e5849e3a5a7ed7bda50}{% + family={Yao}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Jianhua}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1f585645b6265eaf4aecf3077e06bac5}{% + family={Zhang}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={Qunli}, + giveni={Q\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=cce05cab2c437e9c128f853684ee3137}{% + family={Wang}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Liang}, + giveni={L\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{0d002b7be241610612472ae1588e166c} + \strng{fullhash}{f3b9bb41ad54f4d97f9ff1df2a6b4a28} + \strng{bibnamehash}{0d002b7be241610612472ae1588e166c} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{0d002b7be241610612472ae1588e166c} + \strng{authornamehash}{0d002b7be241610612472ae1588e166c} + \strng{authorfullhash}{f3b9bb41ad54f4d97f9ff1df2a6b4a28} + \field{sortinit}{D} + \field{sortinithash}{6f385f66841fb5e82009dc833c761848} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{A Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing consisting of 70% Stellite 3 and 30% Stellite 21, is created via laser cladding for control valve seat sealing surfaces, aiming at enhancing hardness and wear resistance compared with Stellite 6, and improving cracking in laser cladding compared with Stellite 3. The Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing is made on 316 stainless steel substrate and does not show any cracking in liquid penetrant testing. The microstructure of the hardfacing is analyzed using SEM, EDS and XRD. The hardness, dry sliding wear resistance, cavitation-erosion resistance in NaOH solution and corrosion resistance in morpholine solution at pH 9.5 to simulate the amine environment of boiler feedwater service in power generation plants, are evaluated. The Stellite 6 hardfacing prepared with the same laser process parameters is also analyzed and tested under the same conditions for comparison. The experimental results and real industrial test demonstrate superior performance of the Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing to the Stellite 6 hardfacing for control valve seat sealing application. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.} + \field{journaltitle}{Surface and Coatings Technology} + \field{note}{Cited by: 57} + \field{title}{Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing via laser cladding for control valve seat sealing surfaces} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{329} + \field{year}{2017} + \field{pages}{97\bibrangedash 108} + \range{pages}{12} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.09.018 + \endverb + \keyw{Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Cladding (coating); Corrosion; Corrosion resistance; Cracks; Electrochemical corrosion; Erosion; Hardness; Laser cladding; Mixtures; Nondestructive examination; Safety valves; Stainless steel; Steel testing; Stellite; Wear resistance; 316 stainless steel; Cavitation erosion resistance; Dry sliding wear; Laser process parameters; Liquid-penetrant testing; Power generation plants; Sealing applications; Stellite alloy; Alloy steel} + \endentry + \entry{DUBOS2020128812}{article}{} + \name{author}{8}{}{% + {{hash=9a1119596e1b4d4b23c0a148f6be566c}{% + family={Dubos}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={Pierre-Antoine}, + giveni={P\bibinithyphendelim A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=01e964477cfd75eeae5b3b943c3b962f}{% + family={Fajoui}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={Jamal}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=129c0ffd557e8feeb5a8b4b7b792c839}{% + family={Iskounen}, + familyi={I\bibinitperiod}, + given={Nadjib}, + giveni={N\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=a0b974802709aa401fbb4420cfeea3db}{% + family={Coret}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Michel}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=3621a3c6ca2b622f5a6d10bec40d021d}{% + family={Kabra}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Saurabh}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=21d695de83cb08e5fcad52c7d96928e1}{% + family={Kelleher}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Joe}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0977b957b854668cd42a1381f69ebf22}{% + family={Girault}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Baptiste}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=e6d6e3c69ceda316a5670caa0b5a539f}{% + family={Gloaguen}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={David}, + giveni={D\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{19950fb5a63db6a9fd0828833b72ef30} + \strng{fullhash}{2d85e92bd28793bdc05ec4381d10cc12} + \strng{bibnamehash}{19950fb5a63db6a9fd0828833b72ef30} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{19950fb5a63db6a9fd0828833b72ef30} + \strng{authornamehash}{19950fb5a63db6a9fd0828833b72ef30} + \strng{authorfullhash}{2d85e92bd28793bdc05ec4381d10cc12} + \field{sortinit}{D} + \field{sortinithash}{6f385f66841fb5e82009dc833c761848} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Thermal and mechanical effects on the phase transformation of polycrystalline two-phase HCP/FCC cobalt have been studied in coupled and decoupled ways. This experimental work has involved in situ X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis to determine phase proportions under various thermomechanical conditions, those which are not referenced in the litterature. A quantitative analysis is proposed to better understand phase transformation in a cobalt rolled sheet. New experimental results show that the metastable FCC retained phase can be transformed into HCP phase by a mechanical loading. In accordance with the theory and the literature, the prominent phase (HCP) can subsequently be transformed with an increase of temperature above 743 K.} + \field{issn}{0167-577X} + \field{journaltitle}{Materials Letters} + \field{title}{Temperature effect on strain-induced phase transformation of cobalt} + \field{volume}{281} + \field{year}{2020} + \field{pages}{128812} + \range{pages}{1} + \verb{doi} + \verb https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128812 + \endverb + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167577X20315196 + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167577X20315196 + \endverb + \keyw{Cobalt,Phase transformation,Diffraction,Mechanical behavior,characterization} + \endentry + \entry{Franc2004265}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=ef942b0b95388b2d9142189e3eb79cf7}{% + family={Franc}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.P.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=7a9440fb866e343e95aa80ee3d668b90}{% + family={Michel}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.M.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{fullhash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{bibnamehash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{authornamehash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{authorfullhash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \field{sortinit}{F} + \field{sortinithash}{2638baaa20439f1b5a8f80c6c08a13b4} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{journaltitle}{Fundamentals of Cavitation} + \field{note}{cited By 959} + \field{year}{2004} + \field{pages}{265} + \range{pages}{1} + \endentry + \entry{Frenk199481}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=6e61e4cc50de7f0f6f6fa42dce1a72c1}{% + family={Frenk}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=38d34d9973e4cdc0ed305fca9bfc6034}{% + family={Kurz}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={W.}, + giveni={W\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{fullhash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{bibnamehash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{authornamehash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{authorfullhash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \field{sortinit}{F} + \field{sortinithash}{2638baaa20439f1b5a8f80c6c08a13b4} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{cited By 126} + \field{number}{1-2} + \field{title}{Microstructural effects on the sliding wear resistance of a cobalt-based alloy} + \field{volume}{174} + \field{year}{1994} + \field{pages}{81\bibrangedash 91} + \range{pages}{11} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/0043-1648(94)90089-2 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Gao2024}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=ddd762e6a81e0cea53e6abb0ae3c6c4d}{% + family={Gao}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Guiyan}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=df2adc553a4ff58eab8725cbeaf0a23b}{% + family={Guo}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Shusheng}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=a402f14d4bb819a6d34c249184b62363}{% + family={Li}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Derui}, + giveni={D\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{fullhash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{bibnamehash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{authornamehash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{authorfullhash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \field{sortinit}{G} + \field{sortinithash}{32d67eca0634bf53703493fb1090a2e8} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Materials} + \field{note}{Cited by: 0} + \field{number}{5} + \field{title}{A Review of Cavitation Erosion on Pumps and Valves in Nuclear Power Plants} + \field{type}{Review} + \field{volume}{17} + \field{year}{2024} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.3390/ma17051007 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{GEVARI2020115065}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=93d9cff817608f96c206941face4c5d7}{% + family={Gevari}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Moein\bibnamedelima Talebian}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim T\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=e271948379fd6fee4bd30a4d576761b8}{% + family={Abbasiasl}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={Taher}, + giveni={T\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=67d0558f57dbf7548b5b43a80b85f47f}{% + family={Niazi}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={Soroush}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=efb87c095e41c6349ba97d939982e130}{% + family={Ghorbani}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Morteza}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=311cf929c32c6c2ce5aa2728ae09ad47}{% + family={Koşar}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Ali}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{76843143b68c90c6ac5d9d854fd56c1f} + \strng{fullhash}{7e654139b427bf36f3a25a5848105f5b} + \strng{bibnamehash}{76843143b68c90c6ac5d9d854fd56c1f} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{76843143b68c90c6ac5d9d854fd56c1f} + \strng{authornamehash}{76843143b68c90c6ac5d9d854fd56c1f} + \strng{authorfullhash}{7e654139b427bf36f3a25a5848105f5b} + \field{sortinit}{G} + \field{sortinithash}{32d67eca0634bf53703493fb1090a2e8} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{The phase change phenomenon in fluids as a result of low local pressure under a critical value is known as cavitation. Acoustic wave propagation or hydrodynamic pressure drop of the working fluid are the main reasons for inception of this phenomenon. Considering the released energy from the collapsing cavitation bubbles as a reliable source has led to its implementation to different fields, namely, heat transfer, surface cleaning and fouling, water treatment, food industry, chemical reactions, energy harvesting. A considerable amount of energy in the mentioned industries is required for thermal applications. Cavitation could serve for minimizing the energy demand and optimizing the processes. Thus, the energy efficiency of the systems could be significantly enhanced. This review article focuses on the direct and indirect thermal applications of hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation. Relevant studies with emerging applications are discussed, while developments in cavitation, which have given rise to thermal applications during the last decade, are also included in this review.} + \field{issn}{1359-4311} + \field{journaltitle}{Applied Thermal Engineering} + \field{title}{Direct and indirect thermal applications of hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation: A review} + \field{volume}{171} + \field{year}{2020} + \field{pages}{115065} + \range{pages}{1} + \verb{doi} + \verb https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115065 + \endverb + \keyw{Hydrodynamic cavitation,Acoustic cavitation,Heat transfer enhancement,Water treatment,Food industry} + \endentry + \entry{HUANG2023106170}{article}{} + \name{author}{6}{}{% + {{hash=55328195d8b2c0f90f11e12f5ddb7d65}{% + family={Huang}, + familyi={H\bibinitperiod}, + given={Zonglian}, + giveni={Z\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2938deb5048323c6e1bfdd80975d5b28}{% + family={Wang}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Bo}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0138deaf332692ced30d823b9cebc488}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Fei}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=92c4cc87ddf9f0a5abb5ff8d5b8878d4}{% + family={Song}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={Min}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=971be18e8809118d44c885580820c916}{% + family={Ni}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={Song}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=eb96d2754cddae273dd482f087734e31}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Shaojun}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{61779e4ce456f415f5dc118db21bed83} + \strng{fullhash}{8ca9ebea09cf1f645c339306001d45ac} + \strng{bibnamehash}{61779e4ce456f415f5dc118db21bed83} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{61779e4ce456f415f5dc118db21bed83} + \strng{authornamehash}{61779e4ce456f415f5dc118db21bed83} + \strng{authorfullhash}{8ca9ebea09cf1f645c339306001d45ac} + \field{sortinit}{H} + \field{sortinithash}{23a3aa7c24e56cfa16945d55545109b5} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{The influence of laser energy density and heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of Co-Cr-Mo-W alloys fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) are investigated symmetrically. When the laser power, the scanning speed, and the scanning space are set as 160 W, 400 mm/s, and 0.07 mm, respectively, the SLM-ed Co-Cr-Mo-W alloys display high strength and good ductility simultaneously. The precipitates ranging from nano- to macro- scale are finely distributed in SLM-ed CoCr alloys grains and/or along the grain boundaries in the heat treated alloys. Co-Cr-Mo-W alloys with an excellent combination of strength and ductility can be achieved by tailoring the microstructure and morphology of SLM-ed alloys during the heat treatment. The tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 1221.38 ± 10 MPa, 778.81 ± 12 MPa, and 17.2 ± 0.67\%, respectively.} + \field{issn}{0263-4368} + \field{journaltitle}{International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials} + \field{title}{Microstructure evolution, martensite transformation and mechanical properties of heat treated Co-Cr-Mo-W alloys by selective laser melting} + \field{volume}{113} + \field{year}{2023} + \field{pages}{106170} + \range{pages}{1} + \verb{doi} + \verb https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2023.106170 + \endverb + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263436823000707 + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263436823000707 + \endverb + \keyw{Co–Cr–Mo-W alloys,Selective laser melting,Heat treatment,Martensite phase transformation,Mechanical properties} + \endentry + \entry{Kim200685}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=4ac20ce0bb07901a22f4dc32ae528eee}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Ji\bibnamedelima Hui}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1c0f556175387987a33ffbe351d2b5f7}{% + family={Na}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={Kwang\bibnamedelima Su}, + giveni={K\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ef8ca56a9fe15a8661b77ba0ccbb33e1}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Gyung\bibnamedelima Guk}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim G\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=40e6ce3aea7cc874ac4de783dfab617b}{% + family={Yoon}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Chong\bibnamedelima S.}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2a28c8d002e1319c5eb2392961d9e5e8}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Seon\bibnamedelima Jin}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim J\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{4d68dd5c0efbe03de230d6cd69424f58} + \strng{fullhash}{196c9a752c1a6b1b1b78ec342a7ad915} + \strng{bibnamehash}{4d68dd5c0efbe03de230d6cd69424f58} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{4d68dd5c0efbe03de230d6cd69424f58} + \strng{authornamehash}{4d68dd5c0efbe03de230d6cd69424f58} + \strng{authorfullhash}{196c9a752c1a6b1b1b78ec342a7ad915} + \field{sortinit}{K} + \field{sortinithash}{c02bf6bff1c488450c352b40f5d853ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Nuclear Materials} + \field{note}{Cited by: 15} + \field{number}{1-3} + \field{title}{Effect of manganese on the cavitation erosion resistance of iron-chromium-carbon-silicon alloys for replacing cobalt-base Stellite} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{352} + \field{year}{2006} + \field{pages}{85\bibrangedash 89} + \range{pages}{5} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.072 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Kumar2024}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=7a01333f7a8882a1544ea42b848a85a9}{% + family={Kumar}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Prashant}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0a94fe7bbcf1e5a7774d7916408006e8}{% + family={Singal}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.K.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=9872c57732b846418f7606933c5882a4}{% + family={Gohil}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Pankaj\bibnamedelima P.}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim P\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{fullhash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{bibnamehash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{authornamehash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{authorfullhash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \field{sortinit}{K} + \field{sortinithash}{c02bf6bff1c488450c352b40f5d853ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews} + \field{note}{Cited by: 0} + \field{title}{A technical review on combined effect of cavitation and silt erosion on Francis turbine} + \field{type}{Review} + \field{volume}{190} + \field{year}{2024} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.rser.2023.114096 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{LIU2022294}{incollection}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=5d07f51a51d9c2c1363bab089c022727}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Lin}, + giveni={L\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=c085572f860d99d03a37c331ee13ff68}{% + family={Zhang}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={Jun}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=f1c10f217320cbd95d327e5e670fd288}{% + family={Ai}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={Cheng}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \name{editor}{1}{}{% + {{hash=513d1413715776326b75a279890066b6}{% + family={Caballero}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Francisca\bibnamedelima G.}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim G\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \list{location}{1}{% + {Oxford}% + } + \list{publisher}{1}{% + {Elsevier}% + } + \strng{namehash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{fullhash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{bibnamehash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{authornamehash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{authorfullhash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{editorbibnamehash}{513d1413715776326b75a279890066b6} + \strng{editornamehash}{513d1413715776326b75a279890066b6} + \strng{editorfullhash}{513d1413715776326b75a279890066b6} + \field{sortinit}{L} + \field{sortinithash}{7c47d417cecb1f4bd38d1825c427a61a} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{For over eight decades now, superalloys have provided the most reliable and cost-effective means to meet the operation requirement of high temperature and stress for aeroengine and industrial gas turbine. Nickel-based superalloys achieve the highest temperature and stress combination performance among all kinds of superalloys, making them ideal for the most demanding applications, such as critical component of turbine disk and blade. This article presents an overview on nickel-based superalloys and summarizes their current research and application. The topics cover composition, phases and microstructures, metallurgical principles of various strengthening, processing methods including melting, casting, forging, heat treating, powder metallurgy and thermal barrier coating. It also describes the principles and processes of component production with different metallurgical methods, including an upcoming technology of additive manufacturing. The development trends of nickel-based superalloys and some potential alternative metallic materials with higher temperature capacity beyond nickel-based superalloys are prospected.} + \field{booktitle}{Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys} + \field{isbn}{978-0-12-819733-2} + \field{title}{Nickel-Based Superalloys} + \field{year}{2022} + \field{pages}{294\bibrangedash 304} + \range{pages}{11} + \verb{doi} + \verb https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.12093-4 + \endverb + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128035818120934 + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128035818120934 + \endverb + \keyw{Additive manufacturing,Aero-engine,Composition,Directional solidification,Heat treating,Industrial gas turbine,Investment casting,Mechanical property,Microstructure,Nickel-based superalloy,Powder metallurgy,Single crystal,Strengthening mechanism,Thermal barrier coatings,Vacuum induction melting} + \endentry + \entry{McIntyre1979105}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=df2bb06cbe95e9faaa65206f72765216}{% + family={McIntyre}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={N.S.}, + giveni={N\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=fc9097282acc465dc58d590fcf3d4b96}{% + family={Zetaruk}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={D.}, + giveni={D\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=8bd8e44b953aeb5c525be802ec5059ca}{% + family={Murphy}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={E.V.}, + giveni={E\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{fullhash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{bibnamehash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{authornamehash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{authorfullhash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \field{sortinit}{M} + \field{sortinithash}{4625c616857f13d17ce56f7d4f97d451} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Surface and Interface Analysis} + \field{note}{Cited by: 28} + \field{number}{4} + \field{title}{X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the aqueous oxidation of stellite‐6 alloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{1} + \field{year}{1979} + \field{pages}{105\bibrangedash 110} + \range{pages}{6} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1002/sia.740010402 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Mokrane2019}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=2259be8a6f9e7f37efa94cadfb296e93}{% + family={Mokrane}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={Wahiba}, + giveni={W\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ecd586dd3ab122088a1fae69818941f3}{% + family={Kettab}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Ahmed}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{fullhash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{bibnamehash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{authornamehash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{authorfullhash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \field{sortinit}{M} + \field{sortinithash}{4625c616857f13d17ce56f7d4f97d451} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration} + \field{note}{Cited by: 3} + \field{number}{1} + \field{title}{Flow behaviour analysis through a venturi designed for industrial and environmental processes} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{4} + \field{year}{2019} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/s41207-018-0093-6 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Rajan19821161}{article}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41}{% + family={Rajan}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={Krishna}, + giveni={K\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{fullhash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{bibnamehash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{authornamehash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{authorfullhash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \field{sortinit}{R} + \field{sortinithash}{5e1c39a9d46ffb6bebd8f801023a9486} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{The effect of heat treatment on microstructure has been studied in a Co-Cr-Mo-C alloy using transmission electron microscopy. Isothermal aging treatments at 750 °C were found to promote a two stage fcc → hcp transformation, coincident with a discontinuous precipitation of M 23C 6 carbides. The variation in morphology of the carbides associated with the fcc → hcp transition is discussed in terms of the nature of the fcc/hcp interface. © 1982 American Society for Metals and The Metallurgical Society of AIME.} + \field{journaltitle}{Metallurgical Transactions A} + \field{note}{Cited by: 79} + \field{number}{7} + \field{title}{Phase transformations in a wrought Co-Cr-Mo-C alloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{13} + \field{year}{1982} + \field{pages}{1161\bibrangedash 1166} + \range{pages}{6} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/BF02645497 + \endverb + \keyw{COBALT METALLOGRAPHY - Transformations; COBALT CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM ALLOYS} + \endentry + \entry{Romo201216}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=abd07783347fdc165942b01479e16afb}{% + family={Romo}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.A.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=9c9837ed5fce5c7a1aeb233aa99aa04d}{% + family={Santa}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.F.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=fecaae68172b53756247ca68af700ed9}{% + family={Giraldo}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.E.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=467faf266d1206e4566fe6d0465b33f0}{% + family={Toro}, + familyi={T\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{285bcf9d2b83436d537b5e21b7fde046} + \strng{fullhash}{e0312588d226589c879f5d182ca350e9} + \strng{bibnamehash}{285bcf9d2b83436d537b5e21b7fde046} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{285bcf9d2b83436d537b5e21b7fde046} + \strng{authornamehash}{285bcf9d2b83436d537b5e21b7fde046} + \strng{authorfullhash}{e0312588d226589c879f5d182ca350e9} + \field{sortinit}{R} + \field{sortinithash}{5e1c39a9d46ffb6bebd8f801023a9486} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Tribology International} + \field{note}{Cited by: 67} + \field{title}{Cavitation and high-velocity slurry erosion resistance of welded Stellite 6 alloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{47} + \field{year}{2012} + \field{pages}{16\bibrangedash 24} + \range{pages}{9} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.triboint.2011.10.003 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Shin2003117}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=3415cba32eb492c2f823c25157ef7589}{% + family={Shin}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-C.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=61cf36d9da8025aa006db6343e275482}{% + family={Doh}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-M.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=b754d705360ba879fb57dd58f379c353}{% + family={Yoon}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-K.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim K\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=72f2735083ef1646e3d14f45d3987f16}{% + family={Lee}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={D.-Y.}, + giveni={D\bibinithyphendelim Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=403455eb0986d19921f6d8fbefaed203}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-S.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{d10b0db504b271ad585df7137ac0b592} + \strng{fullhash}{4aed67b17d1aee3c2e164efea2d4f056} + \strng{bibnamehash}{d10b0db504b271ad585df7137ac0b592} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{d10b0db504b271ad585df7137ac0b592} + \strng{authornamehash}{d10b0db504b271ad585df7137ac0b592} + \strng{authorfullhash}{4aed67b17d1aee3c2e164efea2d4f056} + \field{sortinit}{S} + \field{sortinithash}{b164b07b29984b41daf1e85279fbc5ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Surface and Coatings Technology} + \field{note}{cited By 181} + \field{number}{2-3} + \field{title}{Effect of molybdenum on the microstructure and wear resistance of cobalt-base Stellite hardfacing alloys} + \field{volume}{166} + \field{year}{2003} + \field{pages}{117\bibrangedash 126} + \range{pages}{10} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00853-8 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Song1997291}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=98a0eae8959995fdf8080e7c18275cb4}{% + family={Song}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-H.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=fca1c5f63ea68c1fb43183293b86627f}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.-J.}, + giveni={H\bibinithyphendelim J\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{fullhash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{bibnamehash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{authornamehash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{authorfullhash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \field{sortinit}{S} + \field{sortinithash}{b164b07b29984b41daf1e85279fbc5ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{cited By 30} + \field{number}{1-2} + \field{title}{Sliding wear performance of cobalt-based alloys in molten-Al-added zinc bath} + \field{volume}{210} + \field{year}{1997} + \field{pages}{291\bibrangedash 298} + \range{pages}{8} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/S0043-1648(97)00092-6 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Song2019}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=9c2434e61665c7986ceb405a3bca9230}{% + family={Song}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={Moo-Keun}, + giveni={M\bibinithyphendelim K\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=a68bc48761feffdd02d0f66c07413968}{% + family={Park}, + familyi={P\bibinitperiod}, + given={Su-Han}, + giveni={S\bibinithyphendelim H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=3bd56a4b04b85d22e68d7fccec646a9e}{% + family={Lee}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Su-Jin}, + giveni={S\bibinithyphendelim J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=b1f122a8cf9ad2750fd7b5466a0dafd2}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Jong-Do}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim D\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{0bdd9d4fea843ecf3526615b0e369773} + \strng{fullhash}{5ef23c8c15a7ad7b560cefee4f5a3bd8} + \strng{bibnamehash}{0bdd9d4fea843ecf3526615b0e369773} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{0bdd9d4fea843ecf3526615b0e369773} + \strng{authornamehash}{0bdd9d4fea843ecf3526615b0e369773} + \strng{authorfullhash}{5ef23c8c15a7ad7b560cefee4f5a3bd8} + \field{sortinit}{S} + \field{sortinithash}{b164b07b29984b41daf1e85279fbc5ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{In this study, experiments with various parameters were performed to apply laser cladding to the exhaust valve face of a marine engine and optimum conditions were derived. The used specimen was an actual exhaust valve, and the heat source was a high-power diode laser. Cladding was applied to the exhaust valve face using the optimum conditions, and a sound clad layer without internal defects, such as pores and cracks, was formed. The average hardness of the clad layer formed under the optimum conditions was higher than 529 Hv. Component analysis showed a very low dilution rate inside the clad layer. © 2019 World Scientific Publishing Company.} + \field{journaltitle}{Modern Physics Letters B} + \field{note}{Cited by: 4} + \field{number}{14-15} + \field{title}{Study on optimization of laser cladding using Stellite 6 powder for exhaust valve face of marine engine} + \field{type}{Conference paper} + \field{volume}{33} + \field{year}{2019} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1142/S0217984919400372 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Sotoodeh2023929}{article}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe}{% + family={Sotoodeh}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={Karan}, + giveni={K\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{fullhash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{bibnamehash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{authornamehash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{authorfullhash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \field{sortinit}{S} + \field{sortinithash}{b164b07b29984b41daf1e85279fbc5ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Stellite is a cobalt-chromium alloy that is widely used for hard facing of the industrial valves’ internal components, including the seat and closure member, to prevent erosion and cavitation. Although previous studies have emphasized using stellite to avoid erosion and wearing of substrates, most of them do not focus on applying this material for the valve industry in oil and gas projects. Thus, the present study mainly aims to provide a method to qualify the stellite 6 hardfacing applied on the low-temperature carbon steel (LTCS) valve body contact surface with disks and ensure that the weld overlay is used correctly. This study has developed a weld overlay qualification method including various tests such as Non-destructive test (NDT), Charpy V-Notch test, chemical composition, hardness test, and finally micro examination. The results of the trials and interpretation and evaluation are also included in this research. © 2022, The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.} + \field{journaltitle}{Experimental Techniques} + \field{note}{Cited by: 1} + \field{number}{4} + \field{title}{Stellite Weld Overlay Qualification on the Body of a Dual Plate Check Valve in Low-Temperature Carbon Steel in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{47} + \field{year}{2023} + \field{pages}{929\bibrangedash 938} + \range{pages}{10} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/s40799-022-00594-1 + \endverb + \keyw{Chromium alloys; Cobalt alloys; Eddy current testing; Inert gases; Offshore oil well production; Temperature; Welds; Facing alloys; Hard facing alloy procedure qualification record; Lows-temperatures; Shielding gas; Stellite 6; Stellite 6 and 21; Tungsten inert gas; Weld overlay; Welding technique; Erosion} + \endentry + \entry{Tawancy1986337}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=f3547527506994c69c774b2c0d77ac73}{% + family={Tawancy}, + familyi={T\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.M.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=f7d566a34064f3d0ccab33dde7a34069}{% + family={Ishwar}, + familyi={I\bibinitperiod}, + given={V.R.}, + giveni={V\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=6f964da88776c95344b60d3d9b6241fa}{% + family={Lewis}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={B.E.}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{fullhash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{bibnamehash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{authornamehash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{authorfullhash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \field{sortinit}{T} + \field{sortinithash}{9af77f0292593c26bde9a56e688eaee9} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Materials Science Letters} + \field{note}{Cited by: 40} + \field{number}{3} + \field{title}{On the fcc → hcp transformation in a cobalt-base superalloy (Haynes alloy No. 25)} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{5} + \field{year}{1986} + \field{pages}{337\bibrangedash 341} + \range{pages}{5} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/BF01748098 + \endverb + \keyw{COBALT METALLOGRAPHY - Transformations; CRYSTALS - Structure; COBALT-BASE SUPERALLOY; HAYNES ALLOY; MULTIPHASE ALLOYS; SUPERALLOYS} + \endentry + \entry{Teles2024}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=50be1ef36128c86d7bc8b9a64683eef7}{% + family={Teles}, + familyi={T\bibinitperiod}, + given={Diógenes\bibnamedelima Barbosa}, + giveni={D\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim B\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=34acc4c07cf6a7bcd8fb6b1321020e48}{% + family={Velho\bibnamedelimb de\bibnamedelima Castro}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim d\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Victor}, + giveni={V\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=3449a7e15a4f7d42dae92deab55fc3c8}{% + family={Tagliari}, + familyi={T\bibinitperiod}, + given={Mariana\bibnamedelimb dos\bibnamedelima Reis}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim d\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=305e99ca0f8ea2c5bccc6d70389eb9ef}{% + family={João\bibnamedelimb de\bibnamedelima Souza}, + familyi={J\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim d\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim S\bibinitperiod}, + given={André}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=90481a667d9fac9ee9e0d14bf9da53cd}{% + family={Fraga\bibnamedelima Malfatti}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim M\bibinitperiod}, + given={Célia}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}, + prefix={de}, + prefixi={d\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{28d6cccb3f060ec6ffe9dabc4cc6144c} + \strng{fullhash}{8d820c4454d7fa466b04e7612018df27} + \strng{bibnamehash}{28d6cccb3f060ec6ffe9dabc4cc6144c} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{28d6cccb3f060ec6ffe9dabc4cc6144c} + \strng{authornamehash}{28d6cccb3f060ec6ffe9dabc4cc6144c} + \strng{authorfullhash}{8d820c4454d7fa466b04e7612018df27} + \field{sortinit}{T} + \field{sortinithash}{9af77f0292593c26bde9a56e688eaee9} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Gate valve is one of the most common design concepts in onshore Oil & Gas installations. This equipment is composed of a wedge-shaped obturator that performs linear sliding movements during activation. Fluid sealing is achieved through metallic contact between the surfaces of the gate and seat components. Metal surfaces are commonly hardened by heat treatment or coated with Stellite 6 alloy by plasma-transferred arc welding (PTAW). The application of high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) coatings on these surfaces for wedge-gate valves has not yet been foreseen. In addition, comparative studies on the tribological performance of technical surfaces used in onshore wedge-gate valves are also scarce. Therefore, this study presents the results of tests performed on specimens using a ball-on-flat tribometer with linear reciprocating sliding, simulating a gate valve tribosystem in operation: flat (gate) and ball (seat). Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr was used with the contact interfaces under the following conditions: (A) heat treated, (B) Stellite 6 coating by PTAW, (C) Stellite 6 coating by HVOF, and (D) tungsten carbide coating by HVOF. The flat/ball tribological pairs investigated were A/B (TRIM 8), B/B (TRIM 5), C/B, and D/B. The coefficient of friction (COF), surface wear, and wear mechanisms were comparatively evaluated. The results showed that the newly proposed surfaces (C and D) are promising alternatives to reduce material consumption and improve the performance of valves in operation according to the application requirements. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{Cited by: 0} + \field{title}{Effect of HVOF spray coating on the tribological surface of onshore gate valves} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{546-547} + \field{year}{2024} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205322 + \endverb + \keyw{Hard facing; HVOF thermal spraying; Plasma welding; Sprayed coatings; Tribology; Tungsten carbide; Wear of materials; Ball on flats; Ball-on-flat tribometer; Gate valve; Gate valve surface; High velocity oxygen fuel coatings; High velocity oxygen fuels; Metallic seal; Metallics; Tribological properties; Tribometers; Friction} + \endentry + \entry{Usta2023}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=a770e300d6b574ef59fd150a1dcfbf05}{% + family={Usta}, + familyi={U\bibinitperiod}, + given={Onur}, + giveni={O\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ebe36ee278045dcf8ce0251626efbf06}{% + family={Köksal}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Çağatay\bibnamedelima Sabri}, + giveni={Ç\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=cf2d701845d6d4d15cf633bbfa2be00c}{% + family={Korkut}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Emin}, + giveni={E\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{fullhash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{bibnamehash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{authornamehash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{authorfullhash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \field{sortinit}{U} + \field{sortinithash}{6901a00e45705986ee5e7ca9fd39adca} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Ocean Engineering} + \field{note}{Cited by: 4} + \field{title}{A systematic study into the cavitation erosion test for marine propeller materials by cavitating jet technique} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{284} + \field{year}{2023} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115252 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Vacchieri20171100}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=822e5c985f1aaa9baa2fb4cf54d06568}{% + family={Vacchieri}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod}, + given={E.}, + giveni={E\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=e6a4feb14dc6dfa34fb925388375e20a}{% + family={Costa}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0ab43c46409a6aa8599edc413ffa90c9}{% + family={Roncallo}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={G.}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=fc73c3c3913f252c904aa7bc7d3e38b4}{% + family={Cacciamani}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={G.}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{94de1693a8515fc1c10e3eeb80b1d244} + \strng{fullhash}{9ba416ce301f4d3d91970308ce023111} + \strng{bibnamehash}{94de1693a8515fc1c10e3eeb80b1d244} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{94de1693a8515fc1c10e3eeb80b1d244} + \strng{authornamehash}{94de1693a8515fc1c10e3eeb80b1d244} + \strng{authorfullhash}{9ba416ce301f4d3d91970308ce023111} + \field{sortinit}{V} + \field{sortinithash}{afb52128e5b4dc4b843768c0113d673b} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Co-based superalloy, ECY768, applied on gas turbine vanes, shows the presence of cracks after service. EBSD studies revealed hcp transformation in the base material near cracked regions. This phase arises from a martensitic transformation of fcc matrix and bestows high fragility. The phase transformation is related to temperature and loading distribution that characterises components in service. However, at the service temperatures, the hcp transformation is not expected for ECY768. An in-house thermodynamic database was developed using the Calphad approach and thermodynamic calculations were applied to the complicated alloy composition for phase stability range evaluation. Moreover, a testing campaign was planned to artificially create this martensitic transformation and to comprehend the influence of plastic strain on fcc-hcp transformation. The transformation mechanisms were understood and some methods were developed for hcp-phase removal through refurbishment heat treatment. This paper is part of a thematic issue on the 9th International Charles Parsons Turbine and Generator Conference. All papers have been revised and extended before publication in Materials Science and Technology. © 2017 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.} + \field{journaltitle}{Materials Science and Technology (United Kingdom)} + \field{note}{Cited by: 7} + \field{number}{9} + \field{title}{Service induced fcc→hcp martensitic transformation in a Co-based superalloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{33} + \field{year}{2017} + \field{pages}{1100\bibrangedash 1107} + \range{pages}{8} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1080/02670836.2016.1273866 + \endverb + \keyw{Cracks; Gas turbines; Heating; Intermetallics; Linear transformations; Phase transitions; Superalloys; Thermodynamics; Calphad; Co-based superalloys; Fcc--hcp transformation; Loading distribution; Service temperature; Thermodynamic calculations; Thermodynamic database; Transformation mechanisms; Martensitic transformations} + \endentry + \entry{Xu2024}{article}{} + \name{author}{7}{}{% + {{hash=385a47d2bb25434940fd067ec0eefeb8}{% + family={Xu}, + familyi={X\bibinitperiod}, + given={Pengxiang}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=08ba777870b757f9331ed1020016fb15}{% + family={Li}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Pengyang}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=8fbf8953af1445cf0f82198e60558b1c}{% + family={Chen}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Yunshuai}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2938deb5048323c6e1bfdd80975d5b28}{% + family={Wang}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Bo}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=328ce5b567f30212a8d3b006827759ce}{% + family={Lu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Han}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=cb445897487c10ff4b258c3c9f24731f}{% + family={Xu}, + familyi={X\bibinitperiod}, + given={Chaoyuan}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=4053eb20b077f36b6f24fee98d914d77}{% + family={Dai}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={Man}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{6938c7c1b4a6a24553b4840e5efe36fb} + \strng{fullhash}{e05ba0364f3a4b5b64786f8b2e9bae2e} + \strng{bibnamehash}{6938c7c1b4a6a24553b4840e5efe36fb} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{6938c7c1b4a6a24553b4840e5efe36fb} + \strng{authornamehash}{6938c7c1b4a6a24553b4840e5efe36fb} + \strng{authorfullhash}{e05ba0364f3a4b5b64786f8b2e9bae2e} + \field{sortinit}{X} + \field{sortinithash}{1965c258adceecf23ce3d67b05113442} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Materials Today Communications} + \field{note}{Cited by: 1} + \field{title}{Optimization of process parameters for laser cladding Stellite6 cobalt-based alloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{38} + \field{year}{2024} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108430 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Youdelis1983379}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=7ab404d8d06b9383560e88b458a28791}{% + family={Youdelis}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={W.V.}, + giveni={W\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2c8673ef1ad99270da26090334336285}{% + family={Kwon}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={O.}, + giveni={O\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{fullhash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{bibnamehash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{authornamehash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{authorfullhash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \field{sortinit}{Y} + \field{sortinithash}{fd67ad5a9ef0f7456bdd9aab10fe1495} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Metal Science} + \field{note}{cited By 23} + \field{number}{8} + \field{title}{Carbide phases in cobalt base superalloy: Role of nucleation entropy in refinement} + \field{volume}{17} + \field{year}{1983} + \field{pages}{379\bibrangedash 384} + \range{pages}{6} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1179/030634583790420664 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Yu2007586}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=f46cff6a47143fdbd36ae8842919e073}{% + family={Yu}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=39fbce992265c4dd42ff7cb6ab804ded}{% + family={Villiers\bibnamedelima Lovelock}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}, + prefix={de}, + prefixi={d\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{fullhash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{bibnamehash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{authornamehash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{authorfullhash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \field{sortinit}{Y} + \field{sortinithash}{fd67ad5a9ef0f7456bdd9aab10fe1495} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Tribology} + \field{note}{cited By 30} + \field{number}{3} + \field{title}{A comparison of the tribo-mechanical properties of a wear resistant cobalt-based alloy produced by different manufacturing processes} + \field{volume}{129} + \field{year}{2007} + \field{pages}{586\bibrangedash 594} + \range{pages}{9} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1115/1.2736450 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Yu20091}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=f46cff6a47143fdbd36ae8842919e073}{% + family={Yu}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=720a4573d41f2302c51d8dfc20eb7025}{% + family={Lovelock}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.\bibnamedelimi de\bibnamedelima Villiers}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim d\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim V\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{fullhash}{57ca415fdcbe0d531a76658a78b7a3d4} + \strng{bibnamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authornamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authorfullhash}{57ca415fdcbe0d531a76658a78b7a3d4} + \field{extraname}{1} + \field{sortinit}{Y} + \field{sortinithash}{fd67ad5a9ef0f7456bdd9aab10fe1495} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Tribology} + \field{note}{Cited by: 35} + \field{number}{1} + \field{title}{Influence of manufacturing process and alloying element content on the tribomechanical properties of cobalt-based alloys} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{131} + \field{year}{2009} + \field{pages}{1\bibrangedash 12} + \range{pages}{12} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1115/1.2991122 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Yu20071385}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=f46cff6a47143fdbd36ae8842919e073}{% + family={Yu}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=416ccb52090ef6e21a2a60b61048fb4b}{% + family={De\bibnamedelima Villiers\bibnamedelima Lovelock}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim V\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{fullhash}{5a41db039602f3f35fb4d51c6352f656} + \strng{bibnamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authornamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authorfullhash}{5a41db039602f3f35fb4d51c6352f656} + \field{extraname}{2} + \field{sortinit}{Y} + \field{sortinithash}{fd67ad5a9ef0f7456bdd9aab10fe1495} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, WCE 2007} + \field{note}{cited By 7} + \field{title}{Tribo-mechanical evaluations of cobalt-based (Stellite 4) alloys manufactured via HIPing and casting} + \field{volume}{2} + \field{year}{2007} + \field{pages}{1385\bibrangedash 1390} + \range{pages}{6} + \endentry + \entry{Zhang20153579}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=3d3c96ee0dea81aaeaaee5f28cc812c8}{% + family={Zhang}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={X.Z.}, + giveni={X\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=47fa1cfa42f039e59f4e014c1941c712}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=031a8718c5c3986f8c22b3e59c743db1}{% + family={Chen}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={K.Y.}, + giveni={K\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=276801cdeff1b23dc886b6bae5eac7a4}{% + family={Yao}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.X.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1bd47217fcbd490142b34b2baa82ab5d}{% + family={Collier}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{bcba69d759e461d767e492b9ac899400} + \strng{fullhash}{07f72011458cfec5234b8f774c254f78} + \strng{bibnamehash}{bcba69d759e461d767e492b9ac899400} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{bcba69d759e461d767e492b9ac899400} + \strng{authornamehash}{bcba69d759e461d767e492b9ac899400} + \strng{authorfullhash}{07f72011458cfec5234b8f774c254f78} + \field{sortinit}{Z} + \field{sortinithash}{96892c0b0a36bb8557c40c49813d48b3} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Corrosion behavior of wrought Stellite 6B and Stellite 6K, which have similar chemical composition but contain different carbon content, in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and in Green Death solution is investigated using various electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The obtained potentiodynamic polarization curves, cyclic polarization curves, and EIS spectra for these alloys are in good agreement, showing that Stellite 6K with higher carbon content is easier corroded due to its larger volume fraction of carbides but the Cr2O3 film formed on this alloy is stronger and more stable than that on Stellite 6B. Further immersion tests on these alloys show that Stellite 6K has less resistance to pitting corrosion. © 2015, ASM International.} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance} + \field{note}{Cited by: 6} + \field{number}{9} + \field{title}{Electrochemical Study of Corrosion Behavior of Wrought Stellite Alloys in Sodium Chloride and Green Death Solutions} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{24} + \field{year}{2015} + \field{pages}{3579\bibrangedash 3587} + \range{pages}{9} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/s11665-015-1629-4 + \endverb + \keyw{Carbides; Corrosion; Corrosive effects; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Oxide films; Pitting; Polarization; Potentiodynamic polarization; Sodium alloys; Sodium chloride; Stellite; Chemical compositions; Corrosion behavior; Cyclic polarization; Cyclic polarization curves; ELectrochemical methods; Electrochemical studies; Potentiodynamic polarization curves; Stellite alloy; Electrochemical corrosion} + \endentry + 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\strng{bibnamehash}{d0bb538537ade3036ed264190bdfebd3} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{d0bb538537ade3036ed264190bdfebd3} + \strng{authornamehash}{d0bb538537ade3036ed264190bdfebd3} + \strng{authorfullhash}{c8b7c76946264a1103b6fa286761defa} + \field{sortinit}{Z} + \field{sortinithash}{96892c0b0a36bb8557c40c49813d48b3} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Engineering Failure Analysis} + \field{note}{Cited by: 13} + \field{title}{On the cavitation erosion-corrosion of pipeline steel at different locations of Venturi pipe} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{138} + \field{year}{2022} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106333 + \endverb + \endentry + \enddatalist + \missing{20221xix} +\endrefsection +\endinput + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.bcf b/proposal_archive/Thesis.bcf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d04c834 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.bcf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version 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file mode 100644 index 0000000..928f39e --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc3 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +{\reset@font\mtcSfont\mtc@string\contentsline{section}{\noexpand \leavevmode \numberline {3.1}This is the end}{\reset@font\mtcSfont 9}{section.3.1}} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc4 b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc5 b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.out b/proposal_archive/Thesis.out new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9bc111 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.out @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.1}{\376\377\000P\000r\000o\000j\000e\000c\000t\000\040\000P\000r\000o\000p\000o\000s\000a\000l}{}% 1 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.run.xml b/proposal_archive/Thesis.run.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b618a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.run.xml @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]> + + + latex + + Thesis.bcf + + + Thesis.bbl + + + blx-dm.def + blx-compat.def + biblatex.def + standard.bbx + numeric.bbx + numeric.cbx + biblatex.cfg + english.lbx + + + + biber + + biber + Thesis + + + Thesis.bcf + + + Thesis.bbl + + + Thesis.bbl + + + Thesis.bcf + + + ../literature_review.bib + + + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.tex b/proposal_archive/Thesis.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e922fc --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.tex @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +%%%% +%% This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License. +%% If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at https://opensource.org/licenses/mit +%% +%% Last update: 2021/10/11 +%% +%% author: Dorian Gouzou +%% repository hosted on github at https://github.com/jackred/Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template +%%%% +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report} + +\usepackage{graphicx} % include graphics +\usepackage{fancyhdr} % layout +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % font +\usepackage{setspace} % spacing +% \usepackage[left=4cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry} +\usepackage{mathptmx} % looks like times new roman +\usepackage{slantsc} +\usepackage{titlesec} +\usepackage{mfirstuc} +\usepackage{calc}% http://ctan.org/pkg/calc +\usepackage[acronym, nonumberlist]{glossaries} % https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Glossaries +\usepackage{biblatex} +%\usepackage{pdfpages} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{minitoc} +\usepackage{pdflscape} +\usepackage{hyperref} % https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref +\usepackage{comment} + + +\input{I-config} + +% Glossary +\newacronym{gcd}{GCD}{Greatest Common Divisor} +\newacronym{lcm}{LCM}{Least Common Multiple} + + +\addbibresource{../literature_review.bib} + + +% some package need to be loaded last in preamble +\usepackage{subfiles} + +\begin{document} + + + +\pagestyle{empty} +%\input{Preliminaries/1-titlepages} + +\begin{center} +\vspace*{15pt}\par +\setstretch{1} +% \hrule +% \vspace{10pt}\par +\begin{spacing}{1.8} +%% you can replace by \MakeUppercase if you want uppercase +{\Large\bfseries\MakeLowercase{\capitalisewords{Cavitation Erosion of Blended Stellite Alloys}}}\\ +\end{spacing} +% \hrule +% This thesis is composed of \numberVolume volumes. This one is the number \actualVolume. + +\vspace{40pt}\par +\includegraphics[width=140pt]{Figures/logo.png}\\ +\vspace{40pt}\par + +{\itshape\fontsize{15.5pt}{19pt}\selectfont by\\}\vspace{15pt}\par + +{ + \Large Vishakh Pradeep Kumar + % , \distinction +}\vspace{55pt}\par + +{ +\large Submitted for the degree of \\ \vspace{8pt} \Large\slshape MSc. Mechanical Engineering\\ +} + +\vspace{35pt}\par + +{\scshape\setstretch{1.5} School of Engineering and Physical Sciences\\ Heriot-Watt University\\ +} + +\vspace{50pt}\par + + +{\large April 2024} + +%\vfill + +%\begin{flushleft} +%\setstretch{1.4}\small +%The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. +%\end{flushleft} +\end{center} + + +\clearpage +% % remove this line if you don't want pagination on preliminary pages +% % also read the comment below, for table of content and other + + +\pagestyle{preliminary} +%\input{Preliminaries/2-abstract} + +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Abstract} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent +Cavitation erosion process is a multifaceted phenomenon that depends not only on the strength characteristics of cavitating bubbles but also on the erosion resistance of materials to the cavitation energy imparted upon them. The loss of material due to cavitation leads to degradation in performance + + +The aim of this MSc project is to investigate the resistance of blended stellite alloys to cavitation erosion. The cavitation phenomena is simulated by ultrasonic vibrating probes, or sonicators, located at fixed gap from the material. + +The synergistic effect existing between cavitation erosion and corrosion erosion is investigated with the help of in-situ electrochemical measurements of corrosion. + + +% Describe the apparatus +Experiments are to be conducted using an ultrasonic vibratory horn, with fixed frequency 20 kHz and variable peak to peak amplitude. + +% Describe the need for scanning electron microscopy +Scanning electron microscopy is to be used to characterize the microstructural characteristics of the cavitated sample surfaces, as well as cross sections of the surface directly underneath cavitation. + +%In accordance with the Academic Regulations the thesis must contain an abstract preferably not exceeding 200 words, bound in to precede the thesis. The abstract should appear on its own, on a single page. The format should be the same as that of the main text. The abstract should provide a synopsis of the thesis and shall state clearly the nature and scope of the research undertaken and of the contribution made to the knowledge of the subject treated. There should be a brief statement of the method of investigation where appropriate, an outline of the major divisions or principal arguments of the work and a summary of any conclusions reached. The abstract must follow the Title Page. + + +\clearpage + + +%\includepdf[pages=-]{Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf} +%{ +% \setstretch{1} +% \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +% \tableofcontents +% \listoftables % optional +% \listoffigures % optional +% \glsaddall % this is to include all acronym. You can do a sort of citation for acronym and include only the one you use, Look at the glossary package for details. +% \printnoidxglossary[type=\acronymtype, title=Glossary] % optional +% %% put your publications in BibMine.bib +% %% They will be displayed here +% \begin{refsection}[BibMine.bib] +% \DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{#1} +% \nocite{*} +% \printbibliography[omitnumbers=true,title={List of Publications}] +% \end{refsection} +%} + + + + +\clearpage + +\pagestyle{chapter} +\chapter{Project Proposal} +\chaptermark{Project Proposal} % optional for veryy long chapter, you can rename what appear in the header + +%\section{Start} +%\subsection{Basic Info} +%\subsubsection{This Is A Subsubsection} +%Subsubsection should not be numbered, nor indicated in the table of contents. The config options are tocdepth and secnumdepth, you can find them in the config file. + + + + +% Describe why there is a need to look from both the fluid and solid perspective +Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon that results from hydrodynamic elements and material characteristics \cite{Franc2004265}. + +%# Hydrodynamic POV +From a hydrodynamic standpoint, cavitation erosion results from the formation of and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles within a fluid medium, due to the local pressure reaching the saturated vapor pressure (due to pressure decrease (cavitation) or temperature increase (boiling)). When these bubbles implode, they emit heat, shockwaves, and high-speed microjets that can impact adjacent solid surfaces, leading to damage to the surface and removal of material due to the accumulation of damage following numerous cavitation events. + +The required pressure drop required by cavitation could be provided by the propagation of ultrasonic acoustic waves and hydrodynamic pressure drops, such as constrictions or the rotational dynamics of turbomachinery \cite{GEVARI2020115065}. + +% Now do the materials POV +The resultant stress levels, which range from 100 - 1000 MPa, can surpass material resistance thresholds, including yield strength, ultimate strength, or fatigue limit, leading to material removal from the surface and subsequent degradation of industrial sysytems. The high strain rate in cavitation erosion makes it rather comparable to explosions or projectile impacts, albeit with very limited volume of deformation and repeated impact loads. The plastic deformation results in progressive hardening, crack propagation, and local fracture and removal of material, with the damage being a function of intensity and frequency of vapor bubble collapse. The selection of more resistent materials requires investigation of material response to cavitation stresses, with the mechanism of erosion being of particular interest. The resulting reduction of performance \& service life and the increased maintenance and repair costs motivate research into understanding how materials respond to the impact of a cavitating material. Cavitation erosion is a major problem in hydroelectric power plants \cite{Romo201216}, Francis turbines \cite{Kumar2024}, nuclear power plant valves \cite{Kim200685, Gao2024}, condensate and boiler feedwater pumps \cite{20221xix}, marine propellers \cite{Usta2023}, liquid-lubricated journal bearings \cite{Cheng2023}, and pipline reducers \cite{Zheng2022, Chen201442, Mokrane2019}. +% Stellites +Stellite alloys consist of a cobalt (Co) matrix with solid-solution strengthening of chromium (Cr) and tungsten(W)/moblybdenum(Mo), and hard carbid phases (Co, Cr, W, and/or Mo carbides) \cite{Shin2003117, Crook1992766, Desai198489, Youdelis1983379}. The matrix provides execelent high-temperature performance, while the carbides provide strength, wear resistance and resistance to crack propagation \cite{Ahmed2021, Crook199427}. + +% Applications +Stellites are typically used for wear-resistant surfaces in lubrication-starved, high temperature or corrosive environments \cite{Zhang20153579, Ahmed2023, Ahmed20138, Frenk199481, Song1997291}, such as in the nuclear industry \cite{McIntyre1979105, Xu2024, Gao2024}, oil \& gas \cite{Teles2024, Sotoodeh2023929}, marine \cite{Song2019}, power generation \cite{Ding201797}, and aerospace industries \cite{Ashworth1999243}. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) consolidation of Stellite alloys offers significant technological advantages for components operating in aggressive wear environments \cite{Ahmed20138, Ahmed201470, Ashworth1999243, Yu20071385}. Yu et al \cite{Yu2007586, Yu20091} note that HIP consolidation results in superior impact and fatigue resistance over cast alloys. + +% Understanding the matrix phase +Understanding the cobalt phase is crucial for studying structural changes in Co-based alloys widely used in industry. Cobalt and Co-Cr-Mo alloys undergo thermally induced phase transformation from the high temperature face-centered cubic (fcc) $\gamma$ phase to low temperature hexagonal close-packed (hcp) $\epsilon$ phase at 700 K and strain induced fcc-hcp transition through maretensitic-type mechanism (partial movement of dislocations) \cite{HUANG2023106170}. At ambient conditions, the metastable FCC retained phase in stellites can be transformed into HCP phase by mechanical loading, although any HCP phase is completely transformed into a FCC phase between 673 K and 743 K \cite{DUBOS2020128812}; the metastable fcc cobalt phase in stellite alloys \cite{Rajan19821161} absorbs a large part of imparted energy under the mechanical loading of cavitation erosion. The fcc to hcp transition is related to the very low stacking fault energy of the fcc structure (7 mJ/m2) \cite{Tawancy1986337}. Solid-solution strengthening leads to increase of the fcc cobalt matrix strength (due to distortion of the atomic lattice with the additino of elements of different atomic radiuses), decrease of low stacking fault energy \cite{Tawancy1986337} due to the adjusted electronic structure of the metallic lattice, and inhibition of dislocation cross slip. Given that dislocation cross slip is the main deformation mode in imperfect crystals at elevated temperature, as dislocation slip is a diffusion process that is enhanced at high temperature, this leads to high temperature stability \cite{LIU2022294}. The addition of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and carbon (C) stabilize the fcc structure of cobalt (a = 0.35 nm), while chromium (Cr) and tungsten (W), stabilize the hcp structure (a = 0.25 nm and c = 0.41 nm), although Cr and W increases hot corrosion resistance \cite{Vacchieri20171100, Tawancy1986337}. + + + +% How well was the novelty of the project expressed? +% Me jerking off to the novelty of my thesis +To date, academic research pertaining to cavitation erosion specifically on HIP'd stellite alloys appears to be absent from the existing literature, which underscores the need for exploration. +Moreover, the complexity introduced by blended stellite alloys in the context of cavitation erosion in corrosive enironments adds another layer of intrigue to this research endeavor. By analyzing the interactions between alloy composition, microstructure, and cavitation erosion behavior, this thesis aims to fill a critical gap in the current understanding of material performance under cavitation erosion conditions. + + + + +\label{Bibliography} +\printbibliography[title={References}, heading=bibintoc, resetnumbers=true] + + +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.toc b/proposal_archive/Thesis.toc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/proposal_archive/syllabus_rubric.pdf b/proposal_archive/syllabus_rubric.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c125040 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/syllabus_rubric.pdf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9514be3a0fb5f9c1754bc75d8356bd96e8960c098ad33cd8e763e0b9f282d69e +size 404097 diff --git a/proposal_archive/thesis.org b/proposal_archive/thesis.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..535949e --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/thesis.org @@ -0,0 +1,403 @@ +#+TITLE: Thesis + + + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +%%%% +%% This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License. +%% If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at https://opensource.org/licenses/mit +%% +%% Last update: 2021/10/11 +%% +%% author: Dorian Gouzou +%% repository hosted on github at https://github.com/jackred/Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template +%%%% +#+END_SRC + +* Preamble + +#+CAPTION: Document Class +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report} +#+END_SRC + +** Packages + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\usepackage{graphicx} % include graphics +\usepackage{fancyhdr} % layout +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % font +\usepackage{setspace} % spacing +% \usepackage[left=4cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry} +\usepackage{mathptmx} % looks like times new roman +\usepackage{slantsc} +\usepackage{titlesec} +\usepackage{mfirstuc} +\usepackage{calc}% http://ctan.org/pkg/calc +\usepackage[acronym, nonumberlist]{glossaries} % https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Glossaries +\usepackage[defernumbers=true, sorting=none]{biblatex} +\usepackage{hyperref} % https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref +\usepackage{pdfpages} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{minitoc} +\usepackage{pdflscape} +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\usepackage{subfiles} +#+END_SRC + +** Config + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +%% prefer than direct use in usepackage geometry +%% A4 layout in point is % 595x842 + +%% default value +\setlength{\hoffset}{0pt} +\setlength{\voffset}{0pt} + +%% height +%% 72 - 60 + 20 + 25 = 57 +\setlength{\topmargin}{-60pt} +\setlength{\headheight}{20pt} +\setlength{\headsep}{25pt} + +\setlength{\footskip}{30pt} + +%% width +%% 72 + 32 + 10 = 114pt = 40mm +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\evensidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\marginparsep}{10pt} + +%% size text +\setlength{\textheight}{728pt} +\setlength{\textwidth}{425pt} + +%% style +%% preliminary, just roman pagination + empty header +\fancypagestyle{preliminary}{ + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} + \fancyhead[RCL]{} + + \pagenumbering{Roman} +} +%% chapter/classic text style +\fancypagestyle{chapter}{ + %% title of the chapter, left header, no uppercase, 10 pt, italics, no bold + \fancyhead[L]{\normalfont\itshape\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont\nouppercase{\leftmark}} + \fancyhead[R]{} + + \fancyfoot[C]{\thepage} + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt} + \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} + \pagenumbering{arabic} +} + +%% define length and scaling for baseline +\newcommand{\headingBaseline}{12} +\newcommand{\headingBaselineDiv}{10} +\newlength{\chapterFontSize} +\newlength{\sectionFontSize} +\newlength{\subsectionFontSize} +\newlength{\chapterBaseline} +\newlength{\sectionBaseline} +\newlength{\subsectionBaseline} + +%% change those value if you want to change the chapter/section/subsection font size +\setlength{\chapterFontSize}{14pt} +\setlength{\sectionFontSize}{12pt} +\setlength{\subsectionFontSize}{12pt} + +%% automatic computation for baseline, rule of thumb is 1.2 +\setlength{\chapterBaseline}{ \chapterFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\sectionBaseline}{ \sectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\subsectionBaseline}{ \subsectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} + + +%% headings +%% Chapter, 14-point, bold +\titleformat{\chapter}[display] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter, +% \titleformat{\chapter}[display] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\chapter}{0pt}{10pt}{25pt} + +%% Section, 12-point +\titleformat{\section}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter +% \titleformat{\section}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{25pt}{15pt} + +%% Subsection, 12-point, italic +\titleformat{\subsection}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{} +% \titleformat{\subsection}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont\MakeLowercase}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{\makefirstuc} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{20pt}{10pt} + +%% table of content +\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Table of Contents} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{2} +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} + +%% list of figure +\renewcommand*\listfigurename{Figure table} + +%% init gloassaries +%% noidx cause otherwise we have to do a normal glossary, compile, then remove it so it is cached +%% because we only use acronym +\makenoidxglossaries + +%% bibliography config +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/6977 +\DeclareBibliographyCategory{cited} +\AtEveryCitekey{\addtocategory{cited}{\thefield{entrykey}}} +\addbibresource{Bibliography.bib} +\addbibresource{BibMine.bib} + +%% hyperref setup +\hypersetup{ + colorlinks = true, + linkcolor = blue, % normal internal links, like ref, can be black tbh + citecolor = blue, % bibliographical links + urlcolor = blue, % linked urls + filecolor = black % url which open local files +} + +%% modified reference function +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/438998 +\newcommand\eref[1]{equation~(\ref{#1})} +\newcommand\tref[1]{table~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand\fref[1]{figure~\ref{#1}} + +%% 1.5 line spacing +\setstretch{1.5} +#+END_SRC + + + + +** Info + +#+CAPTION: Information pertaining to me and the university +#+BEGIN_SRC latex :tangle I-info.tex +%% The title of Thesis +\newcommand{\thesisTitle}{Cavitation Erosion of Blended Stellite Alloys} +%% Number of Volume, if more than one +%% not sure how it works out with latex tbh +%\newcommand{\numberVolume}{2} +%% The number of this volume +%\newcommand{\actualVolume}{1} +%% The author's name (you) +\newcommand{\authorName}{Vishakh Pradeep Kumar} +%% Distinctions/Qualifications if desired +%\newcommand{\distinction}{} +%% The qualification +\newcommand{\degreeQualification}{MSc. Mechanical Engineering} +%% The institution +%\newcommand{\institution}{Some weird institute no one ever heard about} +%% The school +\newcommand{\school}{School of Engineering and Physical Sciences} +\newcommand{\university}{Heriot-Watt University} +%% Month of submission +\newcommand{\monthDate}{April} +%% Year of submission +\newcommand{\yearDate}{2024} +#+END_SRC + + + +** Glossary + +#+CAPTION: Glossary +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\newacronym{gcd}{GCD}{Greatest Common Divisor} +\newacronym{lcm}{LCM}{Least Common Multiple} +#+END_SRC + + +* Document + + +#+CAPTION: Document begin +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\begin{document} + +\dominitoc + +#+END_SRC + +** Preliminaries + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\input{Preliminaries/1-titlepages} +#+END_SRC + +*** Titlepage + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex :tangle no + +\pagestyle{empty} +\begin{center} +\vspace*{15pt}\par +\setstretch{1} +% \hrule +% \vspace{10pt}\par +\begin{spacing}{1.8} +%% you can replace by \MakeUppercase if you want uppercase +{\Large\bfseries\MakeLowercase{\capitalisewords{\thesisTitle}}}\\ +\end{spacing} +% \hrule +% This thesis is composed of \numberVolume volumes. This one is the number \actualVolume. + +\vspace{40pt}\par +\includegraphics[width=140pt]{Figures/logo.png}\\ +\vspace{40pt}\par + + +{\itshape\fontsize{15.5pt}{19pt}\selectfont by\\}\vspace{15pt}\par + +{ +\Large \authorName +% , \distinction +}\vspace{55pt}\par + +{ +\large Submitted for the degree of \\ \vspace{8pt} \Large\slshape\degreeQualification\\ +} + +\vspace{35pt}\par + +{\scshape\setstretch{1.5} \institution\\ \school\\ \university\\ +} + +\vspace{50pt}\par + + +{\large \monthDate\ \yearDate} + +%\vfill + +%\begin{flushleft} +%\setstretch{1.4}\small +%The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. +%\end{flushleft} +\end{center} + +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + + + +*** Abstract + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\pagestyle{preliminary} +%\input{Preliminaries/2-abstract} + +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Abstract} +\end{center} + +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent +In accordance with the Academic Regulations the thesis must contain an abstract preferably not exceeding 200 words, bound in to precede the thesis. The abstract should appear on its own, on a single page. The format should be the same as that of the main text. The abstract should provide a synopsis of the thesis and shall state clearly the nature and scope of the research undertaken and of the contribution made to the knowledge of the subject treated. There should be a brief statement of the method of investigation where appropriate, an outline of the major divisions or principal arguments of the work and a summary of any conclusions reached. The abstract must follow the Title Page. + +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +*** Dedication + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Dedication} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +If a dedication is included then it should be immediately after the Abstract page.\par +I don't what it is actually. +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +*** Acknowledgments + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Acknowledgements} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent I wanna thanks all coffee and tea manufacturers and sellers that made the completion of this work possible. +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +*** Declaration +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +% % read about declaration in file +% % \input{Preliminaries/5-declaration} +\includepdf[pages=-]{Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf} + +{ + \setstretch{1} + \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} + \tableofcontents + \listoftables % optional + \listoffigures % optional + \glsaddall % this is to include all acronym. You can do a sort of citation for acronym and include only the one you use, Look at the glossary package for details. + \printnoidxglossary[type=\acronymtype, title=Glossary] % optional + %% put your publications in BibMine.bib + %% They will be displayed here + \begin{refsection}[BibMine.bib] + \DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{#1} + \nocite{*} + \printbibliography[omitnumbers=true,title={List of Publications}] + \end{refsection} +} + +%% if you don't want pagination you need to use this commented part instead of the one above for the table of content/list of figure/etc +%% this is because the toc is defined in an annoying way, especially multi page one +%% solution found here: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/173423 +% { +% \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +% \pagestyle{empty} % Removes numbers from middle pages. +% \fancypagestyle{plain} % Re-definition removes numbers from first page. +% { +% \fancyhf{}% % Clear all header and footer fields. +% \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}% Clear rules (remove these two lines if not desired). +% \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}% +% } +% \tableofcontents +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% \listoftables %optional +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% \listoffigures %optional +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% \glsaddall % this is to include all acronym. You can do a sort of citation for acronym and include only the one you use, Look at the glossary package for details. +% \printnoidxglossary[type=\acronymtype, title=Glossary] % optional +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% %% put your publications in BibMine.bib +% %% They will be displayed here +% \begin{refsection}[BibMine.bib] +% \DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{#1} +% \nocite{*} +% \printbibliography[omitnumbers=true,title={List of Publications}] +% \end{refsection} +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% } + + + +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + + diff --git a/proposal_archive/thesis_original.org b/proposal_archive/thesis_original.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..535949e --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/thesis_original.org @@ -0,0 +1,403 @@ +#+TITLE: Thesis + + + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +%%%% +%% This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License. +%% If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at https://opensource.org/licenses/mit +%% +%% Last update: 2021/10/11 +%% +%% author: Dorian Gouzou +%% repository hosted on github at https://github.com/jackred/Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template +%%%% +#+END_SRC + +* Preamble + +#+CAPTION: Document Class +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report} +#+END_SRC + +** Packages + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\usepackage{graphicx} % include graphics +\usepackage{fancyhdr} % layout +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % font +\usepackage{setspace} % spacing +% \usepackage[left=4cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry} +\usepackage{mathptmx} % looks like times new roman +\usepackage{slantsc} +\usepackage{titlesec} +\usepackage{mfirstuc} +\usepackage{calc}% http://ctan.org/pkg/calc +\usepackage[acronym, nonumberlist]{glossaries} % https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Glossaries +\usepackage[defernumbers=true, sorting=none]{biblatex} +\usepackage{hyperref} % https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref +\usepackage{pdfpages} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{minitoc} +\usepackage{pdflscape} +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\usepackage{subfiles} +#+END_SRC + +** Config + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +%% prefer than direct use in usepackage geometry +%% A4 layout in point is % 595x842 + +%% default value +\setlength{\hoffset}{0pt} +\setlength{\voffset}{0pt} + +%% height +%% 72 - 60 + 20 + 25 = 57 +\setlength{\topmargin}{-60pt} +\setlength{\headheight}{20pt} +\setlength{\headsep}{25pt} + +\setlength{\footskip}{30pt} + +%% width +%% 72 + 32 + 10 = 114pt = 40mm +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\evensidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\marginparsep}{10pt} + +%% size text +\setlength{\textheight}{728pt} +\setlength{\textwidth}{425pt} + +%% style +%% preliminary, just roman pagination + empty header +\fancypagestyle{preliminary}{ + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} + \fancyhead[RCL]{} + + \pagenumbering{Roman} +} +%% chapter/classic text style +\fancypagestyle{chapter}{ + %% title of the chapter, left header, no uppercase, 10 pt, italics, no bold + \fancyhead[L]{\normalfont\itshape\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont\nouppercase{\leftmark}} + \fancyhead[R]{} + + \fancyfoot[C]{\thepage} + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt} + \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} + \pagenumbering{arabic} +} + +%% define length and scaling for baseline +\newcommand{\headingBaseline}{12} +\newcommand{\headingBaselineDiv}{10} +\newlength{\chapterFontSize} +\newlength{\sectionFontSize} +\newlength{\subsectionFontSize} +\newlength{\chapterBaseline} +\newlength{\sectionBaseline} +\newlength{\subsectionBaseline} + +%% change those value if you want to change the chapter/section/subsection font size +\setlength{\chapterFontSize}{14pt} +\setlength{\sectionFontSize}{12pt} +\setlength{\subsectionFontSize}{12pt} + +%% automatic computation for baseline, rule of thumb is 1.2 +\setlength{\chapterBaseline}{ \chapterFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\sectionBaseline}{ \sectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\subsectionBaseline}{ \subsectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} + + +%% headings +%% Chapter, 14-point, bold +\titleformat{\chapter}[display] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter, +% \titleformat{\chapter}[display] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\chapter}{0pt}{10pt}{25pt} + +%% Section, 12-point +\titleformat{\section}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter +% \titleformat{\section}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{25pt}{15pt} + +%% Subsection, 12-point, italic +\titleformat{\subsection}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{} +% \titleformat{\subsection}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont\MakeLowercase}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{\makefirstuc} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{20pt}{10pt} + +%% table of content +\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Table of Contents} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{2} +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} + +%% list of figure +\renewcommand*\listfigurename{Figure table} + +%% init gloassaries +%% noidx cause otherwise we have to do a normal glossary, compile, then remove it so it is cached +%% because we only use acronym +\makenoidxglossaries + +%% bibliography config +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/6977 +\DeclareBibliographyCategory{cited} +\AtEveryCitekey{\addtocategory{cited}{\thefield{entrykey}}} +\addbibresource{Bibliography.bib} +\addbibresource{BibMine.bib} + +%% hyperref setup +\hypersetup{ + colorlinks = true, + linkcolor = blue, % normal internal links, like ref, can be black tbh + citecolor = blue, % bibliographical links + urlcolor = blue, % linked urls + filecolor = black % url which open local files +} + +%% modified reference function +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/438998 +\newcommand\eref[1]{equation~(\ref{#1})} +\newcommand\tref[1]{table~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand\fref[1]{figure~\ref{#1}} + +%% 1.5 line spacing +\setstretch{1.5} +#+END_SRC + + + + +** Info + +#+CAPTION: Information pertaining to me and the university +#+BEGIN_SRC latex :tangle I-info.tex +%% The title of Thesis +\newcommand{\thesisTitle}{Cavitation Erosion of Blended Stellite Alloys} +%% Number of Volume, if more than one +%% not sure how it works out with latex tbh +%\newcommand{\numberVolume}{2} +%% The number of this volume +%\newcommand{\actualVolume}{1} +%% The author's name (you) +\newcommand{\authorName}{Vishakh Pradeep Kumar} +%% Distinctions/Qualifications if desired +%\newcommand{\distinction}{} +%% The qualification +\newcommand{\degreeQualification}{MSc. Mechanical Engineering} +%% The institution +%\newcommand{\institution}{Some weird institute no one ever heard about} +%% The school +\newcommand{\school}{School of Engineering and Physical Sciences} +\newcommand{\university}{Heriot-Watt University} +%% Month of submission +\newcommand{\monthDate}{April} +%% Year of submission +\newcommand{\yearDate}{2024} +#+END_SRC + + + +** Glossary + +#+CAPTION: Glossary +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\newacronym{gcd}{GCD}{Greatest Common Divisor} +\newacronym{lcm}{LCM}{Least Common Multiple} +#+END_SRC + + +* Document + + +#+CAPTION: Document begin +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\begin{document} + +\dominitoc + +#+END_SRC + +** Preliminaries + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\input{Preliminaries/1-titlepages} +#+END_SRC + +*** Titlepage + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex :tangle no + +\pagestyle{empty} +\begin{center} +\vspace*{15pt}\par +\setstretch{1} +% \hrule +% \vspace{10pt}\par +\begin{spacing}{1.8} +%% you can replace by \MakeUppercase if you want uppercase +{\Large\bfseries\MakeLowercase{\capitalisewords{\thesisTitle}}}\\ +\end{spacing} +% \hrule +% This thesis is composed of \numberVolume volumes. This one is the number \actualVolume. + +\vspace{40pt}\par +\includegraphics[width=140pt]{Figures/logo.png}\\ +\vspace{40pt}\par + + +{\itshape\fontsize{15.5pt}{19pt}\selectfont by\\}\vspace{15pt}\par + +{ +\Large \authorName +% , \distinction +}\vspace{55pt}\par + +{ +\large Submitted for the degree of \\ \vspace{8pt} \Large\slshape\degreeQualification\\ +} + +\vspace{35pt}\par + +{\scshape\setstretch{1.5} \institution\\ \school\\ \university\\ +} + +\vspace{50pt}\par + + +{\large \monthDate\ \yearDate} + +%\vfill + +%\begin{flushleft} +%\setstretch{1.4}\small +%The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. +%\end{flushleft} +\end{center} + +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + + + +*** Abstract + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\pagestyle{preliminary} +%\input{Preliminaries/2-abstract} + +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Abstract} +\end{center} + +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent +In accordance with the Academic Regulations the thesis must contain an abstract preferably not exceeding 200 words, bound in to precede the thesis. The abstract should appear on its own, on a single page. The format should be the same as that of the main text. The abstract should provide a synopsis of the thesis and shall state clearly the nature and scope of the research undertaken and of the contribution made to the knowledge of the subject treated. There should be a brief statement of the method of investigation where appropriate, an outline of the major divisions or principal arguments of the work and a summary of any conclusions reached. The abstract must follow the Title Page. + +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +*** Dedication + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Dedication} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +If a dedication is included then it should be immediately after the Abstract page.\par +I don't what it is actually. +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +*** Acknowledgments + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Acknowledgements} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent I wanna thanks all coffee and tea manufacturers and sellers that made the completion of this work possible. +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +*** Declaration +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +% % read about declaration in file +% % \input{Preliminaries/5-declaration} +\includepdf[pages=-]{Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf} + +{ + \setstretch{1} + \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} + \tableofcontents + \listoftables % optional + \listoffigures % optional + \glsaddall % this is to include all acronym. You can do a sort of citation for acronym and include only the one you use, Look at the glossary package for details. + \printnoidxglossary[type=\acronymtype, title=Glossary] % optional + %% put your publications in BibMine.bib + %% They will be displayed here + \begin{refsection}[BibMine.bib] + \DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{#1} + \nocite{*} + \printbibliography[omitnumbers=true,title={List of Publications}] + \end{refsection} +} + +%% if you don't want pagination you need to use this commented part instead of the one above for the table of content/list of figure/etc +%% this is because the toc is defined in an annoying way, especially multi page one +%% solution found here: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/173423 +% { +% \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +% \pagestyle{empty} % Removes numbers from middle pages. +% \fancypagestyle{plain} % Re-definition removes numbers from first page. +% { +% \fancyhf{}% % Clear all header and footer fields. +% \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}% Clear rules (remove these two lines if not desired). +% \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}% +% } +% \tableofcontents +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% \listoftables %optional +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% \listoffigures %optional +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% \glsaddall % this is to include all acronym. You can do a sort of citation for acronym and include only the one you use, Look at the glossary package for details. +% \printnoidxglossary[type=\acronymtype, title=Glossary] % optional +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% %% put your publications in BibMine.bib +% %% They will be displayed here +% \begin{refsection}[BibMine.bib] +% \DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{#1} +% \nocite{*} +% \printbibliography[omitnumbers=true,title={List of Publications}] +% \end{refsection} +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% } + + + +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +