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S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=958f67aa840aac7d055ae4cbb015ed04}{% + family={Sohail}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={Syed\bibnamedelima Hussain}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=cdbbb6986e5df549d84a30ffc396a7c4}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={Bilal\bibnamedelima Anjum}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=a666ba25f69b6443152ddc32870f1cbf}{% + family={Ehsan}, + familyi={E\bibinitperiod}, + given={Muhammad\bibnamedelima Ali}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=39e27280e32a4f24c9b7436542ed6bb0}{% + family={Ankah}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={Nestor}, + giveni={N\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=fe0c1dda6a05683ece46e10288dd9042}{% + family={Ali}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={Sameer}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{aec20708c330c1275fb7cf3257d9e5cd} + \strng{fullhash}{655e5b5cc8c73046c2700579a8f97260} + \strng{fullhashraw}{655e5b5cc8c73046c2700579a8f97260} + \strng{bibnamehash}{aec20708c330c1275fb7cf3257d9e5cd} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{aec20708c330c1275fb7cf3257d9e5cd} + \strng{authornamehash}{aec20708c330c1275fb7cf3257d9e5cd} + \strng{authorfullhash}{655e5b5cc8c73046c2700579a8f97260} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{655e5b5cc8c73046c2700579a8f97260} + \field{sortinit}{4} + \field{sortinithash}{9381316451d1b9788675a07e972a12a7} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{A novel 50\% Inconel--50\% cobalt (50 IN--50 Co) superalloy composite was developed via an advanced powder metallurgy spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The microstructural characteristics and electrochemical corrosion behavior of the composite were extensively studied to reveal its potential for industrial applications that demand excellent corrosion resistance properties. Field emissions scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed a homogeneous distribution of IN718 and Co212 alloys within each other, with good interfacial integrity free of secondary phases, reaction products, or voids. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed characteristic peaks corresponding to the pure IN718 and Co212 alloys, respectively, affirming successful composite formation without any secondary phases. Electrochemical corrosion tests, including open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPDP), were conducted to assess the alloy's corrosion resistance. Results demonstrated that the 50 IN--50 Co composite exhibited a substantial enhancement in corrosion resistance, with a charge transfer resistance (Rct) approximately 378\% higher than pure IN718 and 123\% higher than Co212, along with a polarization resistance (Rp) approximately 36\% higher than both IN718 and Co212. The composite's superior corrosion resistance is attributed to an effective passive film formation and enhanced charge transfer resistance. LPR measurements corroborated these findings, with the alloy demonstrating the lowest corrosion current density and the highest polarization resistance. CPDP curves indicated a lower current density and a more comprehensive passivation potential range, suggesting effective surface passivation and reduced pitting susceptibility. These findings highlight the promising potential of the superalloy composite for diverse industrial applications in harsh and corrosive environments. This detailed characterization offers crucial insights for newly developed alloys with customized corrosion resistance, which is essential for use in challenging industrial and engineering environments.} + \field{issn}{1544-1024} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance} + \field{langid}{english} + \field{month}{3} + \field{title}{Microstructural and {{Electrochemical Corrosion Characterization}} of a {{Novel}} 50 {{IN}}--50 {{Co Super Alloy Composite}} in 3.5wt.\% {{NaCl Solution}}} + \field{urlday}{27} + \field{urlmonth}{5} + \field{urlyear}{2025} + \field{year}{2025} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/s11665-025-10951-x + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/X3PSR8YZ/Ogunlakin et al. - 2025 - Microstructural and Electrochemical Corrosion Characterization of a Novel 50 IN–50 Co Super Alloy Co.pdf + \endverb + \keyw{Co212 superalloy,Coatings,Composites,Corrosion,Corrosion resistance,Electrochemistry,IN718 superalloy,Materials Engineering,Metals and Alloys,Structural Materials} + \endentry + \entry{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013}{article}{}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=e8131d75882c2fa7a8421f90ce25d1c8}{% + family={Rosalbino}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={F.}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=926282030f8047fd2d43a9df86389c42}{% + family={Scavino}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={G.}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{fullhash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{fullhashraw}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{bibnamehash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{authornamehash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{authorfullhash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \field{sortinit}{4} + \field{sortinithash}{9381316451d1b9788675a07e972a12a7} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Cobalt-base (Stellite) alloys have seen extensive use in wear environments mainly due to their high strength, corrosion resistance and hardness. Co-base superalloys rely primarily on carbides formed in the Co matrix and at grain boundaries, for their strength and wear resistance. The distribution, size and shape of carbides depend on processing conditions. Currently, the use of Stellite alloys has extended into various industrial sectors (e.g. pulp and paper processing, oil and gas processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical processing) and the need for improved information regarding corrosion of Stellite alloys has increased. It has been recognized that processing changes, which affect the microstructure of Stellite alloys, most affect corrosion resistance. In this work the corrosion behaviour of Stellite 6 alloy in the as-cast and the HIPed consolidated forms is compared and contrasted using DC and AC electrochemical techniques in static saline conditions. The results show that there is a significant difference in the corrosion performance of HIP consolidated Stellite 6 and it is possible to link the corrosion behaviour to the microstructure. The benefits of using HIPing as a manufacturing process for the corrosion performance of Stellite 6 are discussed.} + \field{annotation}{42 citations (Semantic Scholar/DOI) [2025-04-15]} + \field{issn}{0013-4686} + \field{journaltitle}{Electrochimica Acta} + \field{month}{11} + \field{title}{Corrosion Behaviour Assessment of Cast and {{HIPed Stellite}} 6 Alloy in a Chloride-Containing Environment} + \field{urlday}{15} + \field{urlmonth}{4} + \field{urlyear}{2025} + \field{volume}{111} + \field{year}{2013} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \field{pages}{656\bibrangedash 662} + \range{pages}{7} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.019 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/2DRD9XNN/Rosalbino and Scavino - 2013 - Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environme.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/L9KT464K/Rosalbino and Scavino - 2013 - Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environme.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/Q5R7IBUD/Rosalbino and Scavino - 2013 - Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environme.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/QS8M9ND2/Rosalbino and Scavino - 2013 - Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environme.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/DS9UW8EM/S0013468613015338.html;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/PHWTJ7LD/S0013468613015338.html + \endverb + \keyw{Corrosion behaviour,Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS),Passive film,Sodium chloride solution,Stellite 6 alloy} + \endentry + \entry{malayogluComparingPerformanceHIPed2003}{article}{}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=71f57eb10950396ed3fa62c703ddaee5}{% + family={Malayoglu}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={U.}, + giveni={U\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=c00a172220606f67c3da2492047a9b71}{% + family={Neville}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{fullhash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{fullhashraw}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{bibnamehash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{authornamehash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{authorfullhash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \field{sortinit}{5} + \field{sortinithash}{20e9b4b0b173788c5dace24730f47d8c} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{In this paper, results from erosion--corrosion tests performed under liquid--solid erosion conditions in 3.5\% NaCl liquid medium are reported. The focus of the paper is to compare the behaviour of Cast and Hot Isostatically Pressed (HIPed) Stellite 6 alloy in terms of their electrochemical corrosion characteristics, their resistance to mechanical degradation and relationship between microstructure and degradation mechanisms. It has been shown that HIPed Stellite 6 possesses better erosion and erosion corrosion resistance than that of Cast Stellite 6 and two stainless steels (UNS S32760 and UNS S31603) under the same solid loading (200 and 500mg/l), and same temperature (20 and 50{$^\circ$}C). The material removal mechanisms have been identified by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and shown preferential removal of the Co-rich matrix to be less extensive on the HIPed material.} + \field{issn}{0043-1648} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{month}{8} + \field{number}{1} + \field{series}{14th {{International Conference}} on {{Wear}} of {{Materials}}} + \field{title}{Comparing the Performance of {{HIPed}} and {{Cast Stellite}} 6 Alloy in Liquid--Solid Slurries} + \field{urlday}{17} + \field{urlmonth}{2} + \field{urlyear}{2025} + \field{volume}{255} + \field{year}{2003} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \field{pages}{181\bibrangedash 194} + \range{pages}{14} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00287-4 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/22BIGZS5/Malayoglu and Neville - 2003 - Comparing the performance of HIPed and Cast Stellite 6 alloy in liquid–solid slurries.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/54ZML2SM/S0043164803002874.html + \endverb + \keyw{Cast Stellite 6,Corrosion,Erosion,HIPed,Liquid-solid slurries} + \endentry + \entry{malayogluAssessingKineticsMechanisms2005}{article}{}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=71f57eb10950396ed3fa62c703ddaee5}{% + family={Malayoglu}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={U.}, + giveni={U\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=c00a172220606f67c3da2492047a9b71}{% + family={Neville}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ee5b11fe5a87f0778993b26bdf4201f9}{% + family={Lovelock}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{e97dbd10bf73605a8abe6ce76eebeee7} + \strng{fullhash}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{fullhashraw}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{bibnamehash}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{authornamehash}{e97dbd10bf73605a8abe6ce76eebeee7} + \strng{authorfullhash}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \field{sortinit}{5} + \field{sortinithash}{20e9b4b0b173788c5dace24730f47d8c} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Cobalt--base (Stellite) alloys have seen extensive use in wear environments mainly due to their high strength, corrosion resistance and hardness. Co--base superalloys rely primarily on carbides, formed in the Co matrix and at grain boundaries, for their strength and the distribution, size and shape of carbides depends on processing conditions. Currently use of Stellite alloys has extended into various industrial sectors (e.g. pulp and paper processing, oil and gas processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical processing) and the need for improved information regarding corrosion (and often tribo-corrosion) of Stellite alloys has increased. It has been recognised that processing changes, which affect the microstructure of Stellite alloys, will most probably affect the corrosion performance. In this paper the corrosion behaviour of Stellite 6 in the as-cast and the HIP consolidated forms has been compared and contrasted using DC electrochemical techniques in static saline conditions. It has been shown that there is a significant difference in the corrosion performance of HIP consolidated Stellite 6 and it is possible to link the corrosion mechanisms to the microstructure. The benefits of using HIPing as a manufacturing process for the corrosion performance of Stellite 6 are discussed.} + \field{annotation}{29 citations (Semantic Scholar/DOI) [2025-04-12]} + \field{issn}{0010-938X} + \field{journaltitle}{Corrosion Science} + \field{month}{8} + \field{number}{8} + \field{title}{Assessing the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Corrosion of Cast and {{HIPed Stellite}} 6 in Aqueous Saline Environments} + \field{urlday}{30} + \field{urlmonth}{6} + \field{urlyear}{2024} + \field{volume}{47} + \field{year}{2005} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \field{pages}{1911\bibrangedash 1931} + \range{pages}{21} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.corsci.2004.09.011 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/W53CCXFR/Malayoglu et al. - 2005 - Assessing the kinetics and mechanisms of corrosion.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/2N27J6MC/display.html;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/IQJ7KFUN/S0010938X04003129.html;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/UMLTNN6H/S0010938X04003129.html + \endverb + \keyw{(A) Cobalt,(B) Polarisation,(C) Passive film,Pitting corrosion,Potentiostatic} + \endentry + \entry{nevilleAqueousCorrosionCobalt2010}{incollection}{}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=c00a172220606f67c3da2492047a9b71}{% + family={Neville}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=71f57eb10950396ed3fa62c703ddaee5}{% + family={Malayoglu}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={U.}, + giveni={U\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{fullhash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{fullhashraw}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{bibnamehash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{authornamehash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{authorfullhash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \field{sortinit}{5} + \field{sortinithash}{20e9b4b0b173788c5dace24730f47d8c} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Cobalt-base alloys are of great importance in engineering applications across a wide range of sectors from oil and gas to biomedical and this chapter assesses their metallurgy and their corrosion resistance and performance where corrosion is accentuated by a mechanical wear processes. It is intended to guide the reader to the wealth of research work which has been conducted on Co-base alloys. . {©} 2010 Copyright {©} 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.} + \field{booktitle}{Shreir's {{Corrosion}}} + \field{title}{Aqueous Corrosion of Cobalt and Its Alloys} + \field{year}{2010} + \field{pages}{1916\bibrangedash 1936} + \range{pages}{21} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/B978-044452787-5.00093-7 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/EQG4HXFG/Neville and Malayoglu - 2010 - Aqueous corrosion of cobalt and its alloys.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/WHCULADN/display.html + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015}{inproceedings}{}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=d1dea97a94bcc9e5f1059efb2bf7e656}{% + family={Azzi}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=e0bb54604048a1f245397e2d1be337af}{% + family={Vernhes}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod}, + given={L.}, + giveni={L\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=9539b302212d5c1004b11979b421d554}{% + family={Bousser}, + familyi={B\bibinitperiod}, + given={E.}, + giveni={E\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=8a5e5ef381d5c6c3fe957a49e4360d33}{% + family={{Klemberg-Sapieha}}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.\bibnamedelimi E.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim E\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \list{publisher}{1}{% + {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection}% + } + \strng{namehash}{57b49c6fc197693a279e1b7dc6383072} + \strng{fullhash}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{fullhashraw}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{bibnamehash}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{authornamehash}{57b49c6fc197693a279e1b7dc6383072} + \strng{authorfullhash}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \field{sortinit}{6} + \field{sortinithash}{b33bc299efb3c36abec520a4c896a66d} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Wear of materials is a serious problem facing industry especially in mechanical applications where moving parts are continuously subjected to friction. Hard coatings prepared by a variety of processes are nowadays considered as effective solutions to protect components against wear. Examples of such processes are: thermal spray coating, vacuum-based coating and hardfacing. In this paper, we study the mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of two hard coating systems: CoCr Stellite 6 (ST6) hardfacing on 316 stainless steel and NiWCrB Colmonoy 88 (C88) thermal spray coating on Inconel 718. The effect of gas nitriding on the microstructure and wear performance of these coating systems is investigated. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural analysis. Micro-indentation technique was utilized to measure the surface and cross-sectional hardness of the coatings. Rockwell indentation technique was used to evaluate coating adhesion in accordance with CEN/TS 1071-8. Pin-on-disk tests were conducted to assess the tribological performance of the coatings. Microstructural analysis showed that ST6 has a cobalt matrix in the form of dendrites reinforced with metal carbide particles whereas C88 has a Nickel matrix reinforced mainly with metal boride particles. ST6 and C88 improved significantly the wear resistance of their corresponding substrates. This is mainly due to good adhesion and high hardness of the coatings; HR15N values of ST6 and C88 were almost 85 as compared to 61 and 80 for 316 and INC substrates, respectively. ST6 was found to improve significantly the corrosion resistance of 316 whereas C88 decreased the corrosion performance of INC. Moreover, nitriding treatment was found to improve significantly the wear resistance of 316 and INC, however, in the case of ST6, nitriding was beneficial in terms of wear resistance only at relatively low load.} + \field{annotation}{0 citations (Semantic Scholar/DOI) [2025-04-16]} + \field{booktitle}{{{ASME}} 2014 {{International Mechanical Engineering Congress}} and {{Exposition}}} + \field{langid}{english} + \field{month}{3} + \field{title}{Tribo {{Mechanical Properties}} of {{CoCr}} and {{NiWCrB Hardfacing Superalloy Coating Systems}}} + \field{urlday}{16} + \field{urlmonth}{4} + \field{urlyear}{2025} + \field{year}{2015} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1115/IMECE2014-39372 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/ZS9U4NG6/Azzi et al. - 2015 - Tribo Mechanical Properties of CoCr and NiWCrB Hardfacing Superalloy Coating Systems.pdf + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}{thesis}{}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f}{% + family={Wu}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Xueyao}, + giveni={X\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \list{institution}{1}{% + {Carleton University}% + } + \list{location}{1}{% + {Ottawa, Ontario}% + } + \strng{namehash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{fullhash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{fullhashraw}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{bibnamehash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{authornamehash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{authorfullhash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \field{sortinit}{6} + \field{sortinithash}{b33bc299efb3c36abec520a4c896a66d} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{A novel high entropy alloy (HEA), designated as HE6, is created by combining the features of HEAs and Stellite alloys in this research. The new alloy has the equiatomic Co-Cr-Fe-Ni composition (22 at.\%) with a large amount of W (19 wt.\%), small amounts of C (0.96 wt.\%) and Mo (3 wt.\%). The bulk specimens of HE6 alloy are fabricated from the alloy powder via spark plasma sintering (SPS) and plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding processes. The microstructures of the SPS and PTA specimens are studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and using X-ray diffraction (XRD). A series of material characterization tests such as hardness, wear and corrosion are performed on the bulk HE6 specimens. As the benchmark of Stellite alloy family, Stellite 6 is investigated along with HE6 for comparison. It is found that HE6 alloy has a microstructure which is similar to that of Stellite alloys where various carbides and intermetallics are embedded in a solid solution matrix, but compared to Stellite 6, the FCC solid solution of HE6 consists of multi-element structures (Co, Cr, Fe and Ni), not single FCC Co structure, and also, the carbides and intermetallics in HE6 alloy are more diverse. The hardness and dry-sliding wear tests show that HE6 alloy does not perform as well as Stellite 6. In the electrochemical and immersion corrosion tests, similar to Stellite alloys, HE6 alloy displays passivation ability by forming protective Cr-rich oxide films in 3.5\% NaCl, 2\% HCl and 10\% H2SO4 solutions, but localized corrosion (pitting) can occur when the oxide films are broken. HE6 alloy shows less resistance to corrosion under the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic polarization tests than Stellite 6, but has lower corrosion rates under immersion test in 5\% HCl and 10\% H2SO4 solutions for the longer testing duration (72 hours), also showing nearly stable corrosion rate with testing time, which indicates better repairing ability of the oxide films.} + \field{langid}{english} + \field{title}{Microstructure and {{Performance Studies}} of a {{Novel Cobalt High Entropy Alloy}}} + \field{type}{Master of {{Applied Science}}} + \field{urlday}{14} + \field{urlmonth}{3} + \field{urlyear}{2025} + \field{year}{2020} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.22215/etd/2020-14374 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/TBH5RZ9Y/Wu - 2020 - Microstructure and Performance Studies of a Novel Cobalt High Entropy Alloy.pdf + \endverb + \endentry \enddatalist \endrefsection \endinput diff --git a/presentation/slides.bbl-SAVE-ERROR b/presentation/slides.bbl-SAVE-ERROR index 4272813..e7bb8ab 100644 --- a/presentation/slides.bbl-SAVE-ERROR +++ b/presentation/slides.bbl-SAVE-ERROR @@ -66,6 +66,290 @@ \endverb \keyw{boronising,cavitation,cavitation erosion resistance,friction stir processing,hardness,HVOF coating,nitriding,PVD coating,shot peening} \endentry + \entry{malayogluComparingPerformanceHIPed2003}{article}{}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=71f57eb10950396ed3fa62c703ddaee5}{% + family={Malayoglu}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={U.}, + giveni={U\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=c00a172220606f67c3da2492047a9b71}{% + family={Neville}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{fullhash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{fullhashraw}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{bibnamehash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{authornamehash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{authorfullhash}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{49054a18ed24a57daa4c3278c94c6ce5} + \field{sortinit}{4} + \field{sortinithash}{9381316451d1b9788675a07e972a12a7} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{In this paper, results from erosion--corrosion tests performed under liquid--solid erosion conditions in 3.5\% NaCl liquid medium are reported. The focus of the paper is to compare the behaviour of Cast and Hot Isostatically Pressed (HIPed) Stellite 6 alloy in terms of their electrochemical corrosion characteristics, their resistance to mechanical degradation and relationship between microstructure and degradation mechanisms. It has been shown that HIPed Stellite 6 possesses better erosion and erosion corrosion resistance than that of Cast Stellite 6 and two stainless steels (UNS S32760 and UNS S31603) under the same solid loading (200 and 500mg/l), and same temperature (20 and 50{$^\circ$}C). The material removal mechanisms have been identified by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and shown preferential removal of the Co-rich matrix to be less extensive on the HIPed material.} + \field{issn}{0043-1648} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{month}{8} + \field{number}{1} + \field{series}{14th {{International Conference}} on {{Wear}} of {{Materials}}} + \field{title}{Comparing the Performance of {{HIPed}} and {{Cast Stellite}} 6 Alloy in Liquid--Solid Slurries} + \field{urlday}{17} + \field{urlmonth}{2} + \field{urlyear}{2025} + \field{volume}{255} + \field{year}{2003} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \field{pages}{181\bibrangedash 194} + \range{pages}{14} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00287-4 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/22BIGZS5/Malayoglu and Neville - 2003 - Comparing the performance of HIPed and Cast Stellite 6 alloy in liquid–solid slurries.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/54ZML2SM/S0043164803002874.html + \endverb + \keyw{Cast Stellite 6,Corrosion,Erosion,HIPed,Liquid-solid slurries} + \endentry + \entry{malayogluAssessingKineticsMechanisms2005}{article}{}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=71f57eb10950396ed3fa62c703ddaee5}{% + family={Malayoglu}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={U.}, + giveni={U\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=c00a172220606f67c3da2492047a9b71}{% + family={Neville}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ee5b11fe5a87f0778993b26bdf4201f9}{% + family={Lovelock}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{e97dbd10bf73605a8abe6ce76eebeee7} + \strng{fullhash}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{fullhashraw}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{bibnamehash}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{authornamehash}{e97dbd10bf73605a8abe6ce76eebeee7} + \strng{authorfullhash}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{6d20cef4e19bc64d64fcdd07161b9ac9} + \field{sortinit}{4} + \field{sortinithash}{9381316451d1b9788675a07e972a12a7} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Cobalt--base (Stellite) alloys have seen extensive use in wear environments mainly due to their high strength, corrosion resistance and hardness. Co--base superalloys rely primarily on carbides, formed in the Co matrix and at grain boundaries, for their strength and the distribution, size and shape of carbides depends on processing conditions. Currently use of Stellite alloys has extended into various industrial sectors (e.g. pulp and paper processing, oil and gas processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical processing) and the need for improved information regarding corrosion (and often tribo-corrosion) of Stellite alloys has increased. It has been recognised that processing changes, which affect the microstructure of Stellite alloys, will most probably affect the corrosion performance. In this paper the corrosion behaviour of Stellite 6 in the as-cast and the HIP consolidated forms has been compared and contrasted using DC electrochemical techniques in static saline conditions. It has been shown that there is a significant difference in the corrosion performance of HIP consolidated Stellite 6 and it is possible to link the corrosion mechanisms to the microstructure. The benefits of using HIPing as a manufacturing process for the corrosion performance of Stellite 6 are discussed.} + \field{annotation}{29 citations (Semantic Scholar/DOI) [2025-04-12]} + \field{issn}{0010-938X} + \field{journaltitle}{Corrosion Science} + \field{month}{8} + \field{number}{8} + \field{title}{Assessing the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Corrosion of Cast and {{HIPed Stellite}} 6 in Aqueous Saline Environments} + \field{urlday}{30} + \field{urlmonth}{6} + \field{urlyear}{2024} + \field{volume}{47} + \field{year}{2005} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \field{pages}{1911\bibrangedash 1931} + \range{pages}{21} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.corsci.2004.09.011 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/W53CCXFR/Malayoglu et al. - 2005 - Assessing the kinetics and mechanisms of corrosion.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/2N27J6MC/display.html;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/IQJ7KFUN/S0010938X04003129.html;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/UMLTNN6H/S0010938X04003129.html + \endverb + \keyw{(A) Cobalt,(B) Polarisation,(C) Passive film,Pitting corrosion,Potentiostatic} + \endentry + \entry{nevilleAqueousCorrosionCobalt2010}{incollection}{}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=c00a172220606f67c3da2492047a9b71}{% + family={Neville}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=71f57eb10950396ed3fa62c703ddaee5}{% + family={Malayoglu}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={U.}, + giveni={U\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{fullhash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{fullhashraw}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{bibnamehash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{authornamehash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{authorfullhash}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{9593ff71fc126477835f10aeb0544b21} + \field{sortinit}{4} + \field{sortinithash}{9381316451d1b9788675a07e972a12a7} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Cobalt-base alloys are of great importance in engineering applications across a wide range of sectors from oil and gas to biomedical and this chapter assesses their metallurgy and their corrosion resistance and performance where corrosion is accentuated by a mechanical wear processes. It is intended to guide the reader to the wealth of research work which has been conducted on Co-base alloys. . {©} 2010 Copyright {©} 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.} + \field{booktitle}{Shreir's {{Corrosion}}} + \field{title}{Aqueous Corrosion of Cobalt and Its Alloys} + \field{year}{2010} + \field{pages}{1916\bibrangedash 1936} + \range{pages}{21} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/B978-044452787-5.00093-7 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/EQG4HXFG/Neville and Malayoglu - 2010 - Aqueous corrosion of cobalt and its alloys.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/WHCULADN/display.html + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013}{article}{}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=e8131d75882c2fa7a8421f90ce25d1c8}{% + family={Rosalbino}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={F.}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=926282030f8047fd2d43a9df86389c42}{% + family={Scavino}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={G.}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{fullhash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{fullhashraw}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{bibnamehash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{authornamehash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{authorfullhash}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{36d2582fd30d252f704f9311c20257b1} + \field{sortinit}{4} + \field{sortinithash}{9381316451d1b9788675a07e972a12a7} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Cobalt-base (Stellite) alloys have seen extensive use in wear environments mainly due to their high strength, corrosion resistance and hardness. Co-base superalloys rely primarily on carbides formed in the Co matrix and at grain boundaries, for their strength and wear resistance. The distribution, size and shape of carbides depend on processing conditions. Currently, the use of Stellite alloys has extended into various industrial sectors (e.g. pulp and paper processing, oil and gas processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical processing) and the need for improved information regarding corrosion of Stellite alloys has increased. It has been recognized that processing changes, which affect the microstructure of Stellite alloys, most affect corrosion resistance. In this work the corrosion behaviour of Stellite 6 alloy in the as-cast and the HIPed consolidated forms is compared and contrasted using DC and AC electrochemical techniques in static saline conditions. The results show that there is a significant difference in the corrosion performance of HIP consolidated Stellite 6 and it is possible to link the corrosion behaviour to the microstructure. The benefits of using HIPing as a manufacturing process for the corrosion performance of Stellite 6 are discussed.} + \field{annotation}{42 citations (Semantic Scholar/DOI) [2025-04-15]} + \field{issn}{0013-4686} + \field{journaltitle}{Electrochimica Acta} + \field{month}{11} + \field{title}{Corrosion Behaviour Assessment of Cast and {{HIPed Stellite}} 6 Alloy in a Chloride-Containing Environment} + \field{urlday}{15} + \field{urlmonth}{4} + \field{urlyear}{2025} + \field{volume}{111} + \field{year}{2013} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \field{pages}{656\bibrangedash 662} + \range{pages}{7} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.019 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/2DRD9XNN/Rosalbino and Scavino - 2013 - Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environme.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/L9KT464K/Rosalbino and Scavino - 2013 - Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environme.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/Q5R7IBUD/Rosalbino and Scavino - 2013 - Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environme.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/QS8M9ND2/Rosalbino and Scavino - 2013 - Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environme.pdf;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/DS9UW8EM/S0013468613015338.html;/home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/PHWTJ7LD/S0013468613015338.html + \endverb + \keyw{Corrosion behaviour,Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS),Passive film,Sodium chloride solution,Stellite 6 alloy} + \endentry + \entry{azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015}{inproceedings}{}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=d1dea97a94bcc9e5f1059efb2bf7e656}{% + family={Azzi}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=e0bb54604048a1f245397e2d1be337af}{% + family={Vernhes}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod}, + given={L.}, + giveni={L\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=9539b302212d5c1004b11979b421d554}{% + family={Bousser}, + familyi={B\bibinitperiod}, + given={E.}, + giveni={E\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=8a5e5ef381d5c6c3fe957a49e4360d33}{% + family={{Klemberg-Sapieha}}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.\bibnamedelimi E.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim E\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \list{publisher}{1}{% + {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection}% + } + \strng{namehash}{57b49c6fc197693a279e1b7dc6383072} + \strng{fullhash}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{fullhashraw}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{bibnamehash}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{authornamehash}{57b49c6fc197693a279e1b7dc6383072} + \strng{authorfullhash}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{ad0e27a5d2118f600d335aede01fb9f3} + \field{sortinit}{5} + \field{sortinithash}{20e9b4b0b173788c5dace24730f47d8c} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Wear of materials is a serious problem facing industry especially in mechanical applications where moving parts are continuously subjected to friction. Hard coatings prepared by a variety of processes are nowadays considered as effective solutions to protect components against wear. Examples of such processes are: thermal spray coating, vacuum-based coating and hardfacing. In this paper, we study the mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of two hard coating systems: CoCr Stellite 6 (ST6) hardfacing on 316 stainless steel and NiWCrB Colmonoy 88 (C88) thermal spray coating on Inconel 718. The effect of gas nitriding on the microstructure and wear performance of these coating systems is investigated. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural analysis. Micro-indentation technique was utilized to measure the surface and cross-sectional hardness of the coatings. Rockwell indentation technique was used to evaluate coating adhesion in accordance with CEN/TS 1071-8. Pin-on-disk tests were conducted to assess the tribological performance of the coatings. Microstructural analysis showed that ST6 has a cobalt matrix in the form of dendrites reinforced with metal carbide particles whereas C88 has a Nickel matrix reinforced mainly with metal boride particles. ST6 and C88 improved significantly the wear resistance of their corresponding substrates. This is mainly due to good adhesion and high hardness of the coatings; HR15N values of ST6 and C88 were almost 85 as compared to 61 and 80 for 316 and INC substrates, respectively. ST6 was found to improve significantly the corrosion resistance of 316 whereas C88 decreased the corrosion performance of INC. Moreover, nitriding treatment was found to improve significantly the wear resistance of 316 and INC, however, in the case of ST6, nitriding was beneficial in terms of wear resistance only at relatively low load.} + \field{annotation}{0 citations (Semantic Scholar/DOI) [2025-04-16]} + \field{booktitle}{{{ASME}} 2014 {{International Mechanical Engineering Congress}} and {{Exposition}}} + \field{langid}{english} + \field{month}{3} + \field{title}{Tribo {{Mechanical Properties}} of {{CoCr}} and {{NiWCrB Hardfacing Superalloy Coating Systems}}} + \field{urlday}{16} + \field{urlmonth}{4} + \field{urlyear}{2025} + \field{year}{2015} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1115/IMECE2014-39372 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/ZS9U4NG6/Azzi et al. - 2015 - Tribo Mechanical Properties of CoCr and NiWCrB Hardfacing Superalloy Coating Systems.pdf + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}{thesis}{}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f}{% + family={Wu}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Xueyao}, + giveni={X\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \list{institution}{1}{% + {Carleton University}% + } + \list{location}{1}{% + {Ottawa, Ontario}% + } + \strng{namehash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{fullhash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{fullhashraw}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{bibnamehash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{authornamehash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{authorfullhash}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{f81812ca23235d219efb11e87d2f546f} + \field{sortinit}{5} + \field{sortinithash}{20e9b4b0b173788c5dace24730f47d8c} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{A novel high entropy alloy (HEA), designated as HE6, is created by combining the features of HEAs and Stellite alloys in this research. The new alloy has the equiatomic Co-Cr-Fe-Ni composition (22 at.\%) with a large amount of W (19 wt.\%), small amounts of C (0.96 wt.\%) and Mo (3 wt.\%). The bulk specimens of HE6 alloy are fabricated from the alloy powder via spark plasma sintering (SPS) and plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding processes. The microstructures of the SPS and PTA specimens are studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and using X-ray diffraction (XRD). A series of material characterization tests such as hardness, wear and corrosion are performed on the bulk HE6 specimens. As the benchmark of Stellite alloy family, Stellite 6 is investigated along with HE6 for comparison. It is found that HE6 alloy has a microstructure which is similar to that of Stellite alloys where various carbides and intermetallics are embedded in a solid solution matrix, but compared to Stellite 6, the FCC solid solution of HE6 consists of multi-element structures (Co, Cr, Fe and Ni), not single FCC Co structure, and also, the carbides and intermetallics in HE6 alloy are more diverse. The hardness and dry-sliding wear tests show that HE6 alloy does not perform as well as Stellite 6. In the electrochemical and immersion corrosion tests, similar to Stellite alloys, HE6 alloy displays passivation ability by forming protective Cr-rich oxide films in 3.5\% NaCl, 2\% HCl and 10\% H2SO4 solutions, but localized corrosion (pitting) can occur when the oxide films are broken. HE6 alloy shows less resistance to corrosion under the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic polarization tests than Stellite 6, but has lower corrosion rates under immersion test in 5\% HCl and 10\% H2SO4 solutions for the longer testing duration (72 hours), also showing nearly stable corrosion rate with testing time, which indicates better repairing ability of the oxide films.} + \field{langid}{english} + \field{title}{Microstructure and {{Performance Studies}} of a {{Novel Cobalt High Entropy Alloy}}} + \field{type}{Master of {{Applied Science}}} + \field{urlday}{14} + \field{urlmonth}{3} + \field{urlyear}{2025} + \field{year}{2020} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.22215/etd/2020-14374 + \endverb + \verb{file} + \verb /home/grokkingstuff/Sync/Zotero/Zotero/storage/TBH5RZ9Y/Wu - 2020 - Microstructure and Performance Studies of a Novel Cobalt High Entropy Alloy.pdf + \endverb + \endentry \enddatalist \endrefsection \endinput diff --git 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"/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmbx8.tfm" 1746385105 1332 1fde11373e221473104d6cc5993f046e "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmex10.tfm" 1746385105 992 662f679a0b3d2d53c1b94050fdaa3f50 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmmi10.tfm" 1746385105 1528 abec98dbc43e172678c11b3b9031252a "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmmi12.tfm" 1746385105 1524 4414a8315f39513458b80dfc63bff03a "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmmi6.tfm" 1746385105 1512 f21f83efb36853c0b70002322c1ab3ad "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmmi8.tfm" 1746385105 1520 eccf95517727cb11801f4f1aee3a21b4 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmmib10.tfm" 1746385105 1524 554068197b70979a55370e6c6495f441 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm" 1746385105 1296 45809c5a464d5f32c8f98ba97c1bb47f "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmss10.tfm" 1746385105 1316 b636689f1933f24d1294acdf6041daaa "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmss12.tfm" 1746385105 1324 37b971caf729d7edd9cbb9f9b0ea76eb "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmss8.tfm" 1746385105 1296 d77f431d10d47c8ea2cc18cf45346274 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmssbx10.tfm" 1746385105 1272 e2d13f0df30bf3ad990bb9d028e37f34 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmsy10.tfm" 1746385105 1124 6c73e740cf17375f03eec0ee63599741 "" @@ -68,8 +70,10 @@ "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/fira/FiraMono-Regular-tosf-t1.tfm" 1746385105 1360 dfbacd55e2269d2ff422e3de3884feab "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/latex-fonts/lasy6.tfm" 1746385105 520 4889cce2180234b97cad636b6039c722 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/sansmathaccent/mathkerncmssi10.tfm" 1746385105 1696 aaa5bbd1f47f001247d42218ce371101 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/sansmathaccent/mathkerncmssi12.tfm" 1746385105 1708 6d4e701533a08297ca48058e38aa9e38 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/sansmathaccent/mathkerncmssi8.tfm" 1746385105 1676 fb6c6a335484692abff897d6e8965829 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/sansmathaccent/mathkerncmssxi10.tfm" 1746385105 2940 aae2d62ae19aaede2ff836fdb64bf2b7 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/sansmathaccent/mathkerncmssxi12.tfm" 1746385105 2996 b19b843f7f65ec180622aa72f6002525 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/sansmathaccent/mathkerncmssxi8.tfm" 1746385105 3000 8e600ffb247b55d33f019684291222af "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmmi10.pfb" 1746385105 36299 5f9df58c2139e7edcf37c8fca4bd384d "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmss10.pfb" 1746385105 24457 5cbb7bdf209d5d1ce9892a9b80a307cc "" @@ -77,14 +81,15 @@ "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmsy10.pfb" 1746385105 32569 5e5ddc8df908dea60932f3c484a54c0d "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmsy8.pfb" 1746385105 32626 4f5c1b83753b1dd3a97d1b399a005b4b "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfcc1000.pfb" 1746385105 109713 30d6420127e1c84309fa7008a69b7170 "" - "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfsi0800.pfb" 1746385105 106155 4e16f416d5fdb93b4f46066a1e2489e8 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfsi1000.pfb" 1746385105 103607 8dec125a771685406ae21998f7cfb6f2 "" - "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfsi1095.pfb" 1746385105 106965 72348192f7f7f7c44b4558f2996b4879 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfso1000.pfb" 1746385105 160858 2985abeca00255053fda4e0f01ab8650 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfss0600.pfb" 1746385105 99931 c4bf5cbd82bc527fffa6bd4047ab5d6a "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfss0700.pfb" 1746385105 96887 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148436 6a185415b8a1b77c58fee2272f3574e2 "" @@ -130,14 +135,19 @@ "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/basiclayer/pgfcoreshade.code.tex" 1746385105 35249 abd4adf948f960299a4b3d27c5dddf46 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/basiclayer/pgfcoretransformations.code.tex" 1746385105 22012 81b34a0aa8fa1a6158cc6220b00e4f10 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/basiclayer/pgfcoretransparency.code.tex" 1746385105 8893 e851de2175338fdf7c17f3e091d94618 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/libraries/tikzlibrarybackgrounds.code.tex" 1746385105 4572 4a19637ef65ce88ad2f2d5064b69541d "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/libraries/tikzlibrarydecorations.code.tex" 1746385105 5628 dc0ee4ba7f3e40acae5600067ce833de "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/libraries/tikzlibrarydecorations.pathmorphing.code.tex" 1746385105 321 cdd11262840e01e25374a2d458f15e99 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/libraries/tikzlibrarydecorations.pathreplacing.code.tex" 1746385105 1319 0b2de5126c6cbc295f0eb77f7344b34d "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/libraries/tikzlibraryfit.code.tex" 1746385105 3626 2d87dc681257fa32d07a8b3934b10f88 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/libraries/tikzlibrarymatrix.code.tex" 1746385105 4228 c39d423dc1a80da31c8c67bf1067f384 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/libraries/tikzlibraryplotmarks.code.tex" 1746385105 325 36322b0789619b270aec5993d5a9ed08 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/libraries/tikzlibrarypositioning.code.tex" 1746385105 3937 3f208572dd82c71103831da976d74f1a "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/libraries/tikzlibrarytopaths.code.tex" 1746385105 11518 738408f795261b70ce8dd47459171309 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/tikz.code.tex" 1746385105 186782 af500404a9edec4d362912fe762ded92 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/libraries/decorations/pgflibrarydecorations.pathmorphing.code.tex" 1746385105 8843 5533436db3e30fbad1e0440db6027dac "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/libraries/decorations/pgflibrarydecorations.pathreplacing.code.tex" 1746385105 7474 f05a7223b140f230922562ac6a9fede5 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/libraries/pgflibraryarrows.meta.code.tex" 1746385105 58801 1e750fb0692eb99aaac45698bbec96b1 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/libraries/pgflibraryfpu.code.tex" 1746385105 85938 8e4ba97c5906e1c0d158aea81fe29af7 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/libraries/pgflibraryplothandlers.code.tex" 1746385105 32995 ac577023e12c0e4bd8aa420b2e852d1a "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/libraries/pgflibraryplotmarks.code.tex" 1746385105 14526 4bc184b12436aa7f6490b2d2036870ef "" @@ -289,6 +299,12 @@ "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/lbx/english.lbx" 1746385105 40021 daa5a82ed0967f3ac4b77cb8384cac55 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/booktabs/booktabs.sty" 1746385105 6078 f1cb470c9199e7110a27851508ed7a5c "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/capt-of/capt-of.sty" 1746385105 1311 063f8536a047a2d9cb1803321f793f37 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/caption/caption-beamer.sto" 1746385105 4350 a9295a4610cd29113396b45a37d92606 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/caption/caption.sty" 1746385105 56128 c2ccf1a29d78c33bc553880402e4fb9a "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/caption/caption3.sty" 1746385105 72619 ee90b6612147680fd73c3b1406a74245 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/caption/ltcaption.sty" 1746385105 7418 021d7c4eb11bde94592761855a3d046e "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/caption/subcaption.sty" 1746385105 12494 0c0cdb824278a4d51cefeb2e79901315 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/chemgreek/chemgreek.sty" 1746385105 47530 64600845afa9c25b782d42fa33f66772 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/csquotes/csquotes.cfg" 1746385105 7068 06f8d141725d114847527a66439066b6 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/csquotes/csquotes.def" 1746385105 22135 0975a49eeaed232aa861e9425ffb2e7c "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/csquotes/csquotes.sty" 1746385105 62767 e79d6d7a989e7da62dcf3d0a65c1faee "" @@ -326,6 +342,7 @@ "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/kvsetkeys/kvsetkeys.sty" 1746385105 13815 760b0c02f691ea230f5359c4e1de23a7 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3backend/l3backend-pdftex.def" 1746385105 30366 13daaaa774357bc2a262523ba6a04bac "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/expl3.sty" 1746385105 6558 e00ead217769dd82217e7c94d181dc63 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/l3keys2e/l3keys2e.sty" 1746385105 4674 22943918cc84173478a588d6efbc800b "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xparse/xparse.sty" 1746385105 9783 ab4bee47700c04aadedb8da27591b0ab "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/epstopdf-sys.cfg" 1746385105 678 4792914a8f45be57bb98413425e4c7af "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/listings/listings.cfg" 1746385105 1865 301ae3c26fb8c0243307b619a6aa2dd3 "" @@ -336,6 +353,7 @@ "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/logreq/logreq.sty" 1746385105 6187 b27afc771af565d3a9ff1ca7d16d0d46 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/mathtools/mathtools.sty" 1746385105 62711 3b0ed1d68b598a75677c10d16646d5e5 "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/mathtools/mhsetup.sty" 1746385105 5582 a43dedf8e5ec418356f1e9dfe5d29fc3 "" + "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/mhchem/mhchem.sty" 1746385105 133877 abeecc93dabd0b08364240f40830f21b "" "/opt/texlive/2025/texmf-dist/tex/latex/microtype/microtype-pdftex.def" 1746385105 49650 26a5e891c8da4553198575ba0517c0e5 "" 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+\headcommand {\beamer@documentpages {50}} +\headcommand {\gdef \inserttotalframenumber {21}} diff --git a/presentation/slides.org b/presentation/slides.org index bf4bb3e..1704f5b 100644 --- a/presentation/slides.org +++ b/presentation/slides.org @@ -35,7 +35,16 @@ #+LaTeX_HEADER: %%% GRAPHICS %%% #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{graphicx} #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{pgfplots} +#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[version=4]{mhchem} % For \ce{} chemical formulas #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{tikz} +#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usetikzlibrary{ +#+LaTeX_HEADER: positioning, % For relative positioning of nodes (e.g., right=of) +#+LaTeX_HEADER: backgrounds, % For drawing on background layers +#+LaTeX_HEADER: arrows.meta, % For advanced arrow tips (e.g., Stealth) +#+LaTeX_HEADER: fit, % For fitting nodes around other nodes +#+LaTeX_HEADER: matrix % For creating matrices of nodes +#+LaTeX_HEADER: } +#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{subcaption} #+LaTeX_HEADER: %%% MATH & SCIENCE %%% #+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{amsmath} @@ -57,9 +66,9 @@ #+LaTeX_HEADER: \bibliography{references.bib} #+LaTeX_HEADER: % DESIGN COLORS -#+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{accent}{HTML}{7EBDC2} % accent color -#+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{bgcolor}{HTML}{FCFCFF} % background color -#+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{bgcolorAlt}{HTML}{ECF1FC} % alternative background color +#+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{accent}{HTML}{EE4B2B} % accent color +#+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{bgcolor}{HTML}{FFFFFF} % background color +#+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{bgcolorAlt}{HTML}{FFCCCC} % alternative background color #+LaTeX_HEADER: \definecolor{fgcolor}{HTML}{222244} % foreground/text color #+LaTeX_HEADER: % @@ -252,29 +261,391 @@ #+LaTeX: \item point 2 #+LaTeX: } -*** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example: +*** A screenshot :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.4 - :BEAMER_env: example :END: -Stuff -# #+ATTR_LaTeX: :width \textwidth -# [[file://../../images/org-beamer/a-simple-slide.png]] +#+LaTeX: \only<1>{ +[[file:tikz_valve_seat_original.png]] +#+LaTeX: } + +#+LaTeX: \only<2>{ +[[file:tikz_valve_seat_bubble.png]] +#+LaTeX: } + +#+LaTeX: \only<3>{ +[[file:tikz_valve_seat_damage.png]] +#+LaTeX: } +** Influences on Stellite Properties + +\begin{center} +Microstructure determines Cavitation Resistance +\end{center} + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}[ht!] +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \begin{tikzpicture}[ +#+LaTeX: %--- Global Settings --- +#+LaTeX: % Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default +#+LaTeX: node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm, +#+LaTeX: %--- Node Styles --- +#+LaTeX: element_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: draw=blue!50!gray, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=blue!5, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % Custom styles for each element +#+LaTeX: Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: % Style for the individual phase boxes +#+LaTeX: phase_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=yellow!30, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % New styles with proportional heights to fill the container +#+LaTeX: matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=3.0cm}, % 3 parts +#+LaTeX: cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=0.5cm}, % 2 parts +#+LaTeX: w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.5cm}, % 1 part +#+LaTeX: % Style for the manufacturing process boxes +#+LaTeX: process_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=orange!20, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % Style for the material property boxes +#+LaTeX: property_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=green!20, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: %--- Background Box Styles --- +#+LaTeX: group_bg/.style={ +#+LaTeX: draw=black!50, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: dashed, +#+LaTeX: inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: %--- Arrow & Line Styles --- +#+LaTeX: % Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger +#+LaTeX: flow_arrow/.style={ +#+LaTeX: ->, +#+LaTeX: blue!80!black, +#+LaTeX: line width=1.5pt, +#+LaTeX: >={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]} +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: connection_line/.style={ +#+LaTeX: ->, +#+LaTeX: red!70!black, +#+LaTeX: >=Stealth +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: ] +#+LaTeX: % Define a background layer +#+LaTeX: \pgfdeclarelayer{background} +#+LaTeX: \pgfsetlayers{background,main} +#+LaTeX: %======== Nodes ========% +#+LaTeX: % Matrix of source materials +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=element_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: ] (source) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: |[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=phase_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (phases) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: |[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[cr_carbide_box]| {\tiny Chromium carbides} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[w_carbide_box]| {\tiny Tungsten carbides} \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=process_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (processes) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: Cooling rates \\ +#+LaTeX: Carbide Size \\ +#+LaTeX: {Carbide \\ Morphology} \\ +#+LaTeX: Porosity \\ +#+LaTeX: Slight changes to phase composition \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=property_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of processes, +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (properties) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: Hardness \\ +#+LaTeX: Cavitation Erosion \\ +#+LaTeX: Fatigue Strength \\ +#+LaTeX: Wear Resistance \\ +#+LaTeX: Corrosion Resistance \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: %======== Backgrounds ========% +#+LaTeX: \begin{pgfonlayer}{background} +#+LaTeX: % Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(source), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, fit=(phases), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(processes), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(properties), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \end{pgfonlayer} +#+LaTeX: %======== Arrows & Lines ========% +#+LaTeX: % Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label +#+LaTeX: \draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {Process} (processes_bg); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: % Specific connection arrows remain unchanged +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \end{tikzpicture} +#+LaTeX: % No caption needed for a slide +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + +** Influences on Stellite Properties + +\begin{center} +Increased Carbides, Increased Hardness, Increased Cavitation Resistance +\end{center} + +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}[ht!] +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \begin{tikzpicture}[ +#+LaTeX: %--- Global Settings --- +#+LaTeX: % Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default +#+LaTeX: node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm, +#+LaTeX: %--- Node Styles --- +#+LaTeX: element_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: draw=blue!50!gray, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=blue!5, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % Custom styles for each element +#+LaTeX: Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: % Style for the individual phase boxes +#+LaTeX: phase_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=yellow!30, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % New styles with proportional heights to fill the container +#+LaTeX: matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=2.0cm}, % 3 parts +#+LaTeX: cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=1.3cm}, % 2 parts +#+LaTeX: w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.6cm}, % 1 part +#+LaTeX: % Style for the manufacturing process boxes +#+LaTeX: process_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=orange!20, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % Style for the material property boxes +#+LaTeX: property_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=green!20, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: %--- Background Box Styles --- +#+LaTeX: group_bg/.style={ +#+LaTeX: draw=black!50, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: dashed, +#+LaTeX: inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: %--- Arrow & Line Styles --- +#+LaTeX: % Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger +#+LaTeX: flow_arrow/.style={ +#+LaTeX: ->, +#+LaTeX: blue!80!black, +#+LaTeX: line width=1.5pt, +#+LaTeX: >={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]} +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: connection_line/.style={ +#+LaTeX: ->, +#+LaTeX: red!70!black, +#+LaTeX: >=Stealth +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: ] +#+LaTeX: % Define a background layer +#+LaTeX: \pgfdeclarelayer{background} +#+LaTeX: \pgfsetlayers{background,main} +#+LaTeX: %======== Nodes ========% +#+LaTeX: % Matrix of source materials +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=element_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: ] (source) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: |[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=phase_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (phases) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: |[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[cr_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Chromium carbides} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[w_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Tungsten carbides} \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=process_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (processes) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: Cooling rates \\ +#+LaTeX: Carbide Size \\ +#+LaTeX: {Carbide \\ Morphology} \\ +#+LaTeX: Porosity \\ +#+LaTeX: Slight changes to phase composition \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=property_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of processes, +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (properties) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: Hardness \\ +#+LaTeX: Cavitation Erosion \\ +#+LaTeX: Fatigue Strength \\ +#+LaTeX: Wear Resistance \\ +#+LaTeX: Corrosion Resistance \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: %======== Backgrounds ========% +#+LaTeX: \begin{pgfonlayer}{background} +#+LaTeX: % Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(source), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, fit=(phases), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(processes), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(properties), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \end{pgfonlayer} +#+LaTeX: %======== Arrows & Lines ========% +#+LaTeX: % Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label +#+LaTeX: \draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {Process} (processes_bg); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: % Specific connection arrows remain unchanged +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \end{tikzpicture} +#+LaTeX: % No caption needed for a slide +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + + +** COMMENT Stellite -** Stellite mind map -:PROPERTIES: -:BEAMER_env: frame -:END: -This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points: -** Why -** A simple slide This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points: - the first, very @important@, point! @@ -286,7 +657,28 @@ This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points: The above list could be numbered or any other type of list and may include sub-lists. -** A more complex slide + +** COMMENT Stellite mind map +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: frame +:END: +This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points: + +** COMMENT Why + +** COMMENT A simple slide +This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points: + +- the first, very @important@, point! +- the previous point shows the use of the special markup which + translates to the Beamer specific /alert/ command for highlighting + text. + + +The above list could be numbered or any other type of list and may +include sub-lists. + +** COMMENT A more complex slide This slide illustrates the use of Beamer blocks. The following text, with its own headline, is displayed in a block: *** Org mode increases productivity :B_theorem: @@ -299,7 +691,7 @@ with its own headline, is displayed in a block: \hfill \(\qed\) -** Two columns +** COMMENT Two columns *** A block :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: @@ -328,7 +720,11 @@ Stuff * Methodology + + + ** Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing + *** Text :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.5 @@ -347,8 +743,8 @@ Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature. #+LaTeX: \caption{ASTM G32 apparatus for cavitation testing} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} - ** Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} *** Close up picture of cavitation erosion :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: @@ -383,8 +779,8 @@ Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature. #+LaTeX: \caption{Custom CNC-cut sample holder} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} - -** Methodology - Seawater Filtering and pH +** Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} *** Text :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.3 @@ -394,7 +790,6 @@ Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature. - Seawater pH was measured after calibrating pH meter with buffer solutions of pH 7 and pH 14. - *** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.7 @@ -449,9 +844,8 @@ Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature. #+LaTeX: \end{figure} - - ** Methodology - Electrochemical Setup +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} *** Figure of Electrochemical setup :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: @@ -486,8 +880,8 @@ Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature. #+LaTeX: \caption{Initial prototype with platinum counter electrode} #+LaTeX: \end{figure} - ** Methodology - Electrochemical Tests +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} - Open Circuit Potential (OCP) @@ -507,6 +901,9 @@ Naturally aerated *seawater* at room temperature. + Scan rate - 0.1 mV/s + Data Acquisition rate - 10 Hz + + + ** Methodology - X-ray Diffraction (XRD) *** Text :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: @@ -564,7 +961,7 @@ The constituent phases were examined by X-ray diffraction #+LaTeX: \item We used XRD to identify the constituent phases, using fairly standard parameters. The reason we went to the effort of getting XRD was to identify if the manufacturing process caused a difference in proportion of cobalt phase, or in the type of carbides formed. #+LaTeX: } -*** Figure of XRD instrument :BMCOL: +*** Figure of SEM instrument :BMCOL: :PROPERTIES: :BEAMER_col: 0.3 :END: @@ -612,7 +1009,670 @@ The constituent phases were examined by X-ray diffraction * Results & Discussion +** Results - OM Images +:PROPERTIES: +:BEAMER_env: frame +:END: + +# The eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1 appears quite smooth and homogeneous, even up to magnifications of 1000X. + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: % Use columns for a stable side-by-side layout +#+LaTeX: \begin{columns}[T] +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: % --- LEFT COLUMN: Cycles through As-cast images --- +#+LaTeX: \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: % Only on slide 1 +#+LaTeX: \only<1>{ +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{0} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_asCast_Stellite1_500X_central_1.jpg} +#+LaTeX: \caption{\centering As-cast Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen centre)} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: % Only on slide 2 +#+LaTeX: \only<2>{ +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{2} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_asCast_Stellite1_500X_butterfly_1.jpg} +#+LaTeX: \caption{\centering As-cast Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen midway)} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: % Only on slide 3 +#+LaTeX: \only<3>{ +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{3} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_asCast_Stellite1_500X_nearEdge_1.jpg} +#+LaTeX: \caption{\centering As-cast Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen edge)} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: \end{column} +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: % --- RIGHT COLUMN: Static HIPed image for comparison --- +#+LaTeX: \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: % This subfigure is visible on all slides (1, 2, and 3) +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_HIPed_Stellite1_500X.jpg} +#+LaTeX: \caption{\centering HIPed Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen centre)} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: \end{column} +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \end{columns} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Optical Microscopy Images of as-cast and HIPed Stellite 1 specimens} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + + +** Results - HIPed Stellite 1 SEM Images + + +# The eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1 appears quite smooth and homogeneous, even up to magnifications of 1000X. + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: % First subfigure +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_10X_SE.jpg} +#+LaTeX: \caption{SE w/ mag 10X} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: %\hfill % Adds horizontal space between subfigures +#+LaTeX: % Second subfigure +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_1000X_SE.jpg} +#+LaTeX: \caption{SE w/ mag 1000X} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + +** Results - HIPed Stellite 1 SEM Images + + +# At higher magnifications we find that carbides and carbide-sized voids in the matrix. + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{figure}{-1} % Add this line to decrement the figure counter +#+LaTeX: % First subfigure +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{2} % Add this line to start numbering from (c) +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_5000X_SE.jpg} +#+LaTeX: \caption{SE w/ mag 5000X} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: %\hfill % Adds horizontal space between subfigures +#+LaTeX: % Second subfigure +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_5000X_BSE.jpg} +#+LaTeX: \caption{BSE w/ mag 5000X} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + + + +** Results - OCP + +# At higher magnifications we find that carbides and carbide-sized voids in the matrix. + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OCP.png} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Open Circuit Potential (OCP) of as-Cast and HIPed Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + + +** Results - OCP + +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} + +*** A block :BMCOL: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_col: 0.4 + :END: + +- *OCPs shows upward trend* + + Upward (nobler) trend indicates passivation (formation of protective layer), reducing rate of corrosion. +- *HIPed S1 has lower OCP than as-cast S1* + + Lower OCP is indicative of more thermodynamically stable materials \cite{ogunlakinMicrostructuralElectrochemicalCorrosion2025, rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013}. + + + + +*** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_col: 0.6 + :END: + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{figure}{-1} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OCP.png} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Open Circuit Potential (OCP) of as-Cast and HIPed Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + + +** Results - EIS + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \only<1>{ +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{0} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{EIS_CS_Bode_comparison.png} +#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS Bode plot of as-Cast Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: \only<2>{ +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{1} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{EIS_HS_Bode_comparison.png} +#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS Bode plot of HIPed Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: \only<3>{ +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{2} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{EIS_CS_Nyquist_comparison.png} +#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS Nyquist plot of as-Cast Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: \only<4>{ +#+LaTeX: \begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth} +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \setcounter{subfigure}{3} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{EIS_HS_Nyquist_comparison.png} +#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS Nyquist plot of HIPed Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{subfigure} +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Comparison of EIS results with excitation frequencies 10, 20, and 30 mV} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + +** Results - EIS + +#+LaTeX: \only<1>{ +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{EIS_doublecolumn_bode_plot.png} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} +#+LaTeX: } + + +#+LaTeX: \only<2->{ +#+LaTeX: \begin{columns} +#+LaTeX: \begin{column}{0.4\columnwidth} +#+LaTeX: \begin{itemize} +#+LaTeX: \only<2>{ +#+LaTeX: \item \alert{EIS is mostly independent of excitation frequency} +#+LaTeX: \newline \newline +#+LaTeX: The discontinuitity that appears at lower frequencies is "delayed" at higher excitation voltages, but datapoints are similar with small errorbars. +#+LaTeX: \newline \newline Values taken with excitation voltage of 20mV will be used for quantitative analysis +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: \only<3->{ +#+LaTeX: \item EIS is mostly independent of excitation frequency +#+LaTeX: \item \alert{HIPed Stellite 1 possesses greater impedence} +#+LaTeX: \newline \newline +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: Greater impedence indicates greater resistance to corrosion. Similar dependence on microstructure observed in as-cast \& HIPed Stellite 6 \cite{malayogluComparingPerformanceHIPed2003, malayogluAssessingKineticsMechanisms2005, nevilleAqueousCorrosionCobalt2010, rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013}. +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: \end{itemize} +#+LaTeX: \end{column} +#+LaTeX: % +#+LaTeX: \begin{column}{0.59\columnwidth} +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{EIS_doublecolumn_bode_plot.png} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} +#+LaTeX: \end{column} +#+LaTeX: % +#+LaTeX: \end{columns} +#+LaTeX: } + +** Results - EIS + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{EIS_Nyquist_EC_fitting.png} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Equivalent Circuit fit of EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1, compared with circuit fits extracted from existing literature \cite{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013, azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015, wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}.} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + + +** Results - EIS + + +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} + +*** A block :BMCOL: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_col: 0.4 + :END: + +- HIPed S1 shows lower resistance than HIPed S6 +- as-Cast S1 shows lower resistance than as-Cast S6 +- HIPing, Laserclad (high cooling rate) results in higher resistance than as-Cast, PTA (low cooling rate) + +- *HIPing significantly improves corrosion resistance* + +*** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_col: 0.6 + :END: + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{EIS_Nyquist_EC_fitting.png} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Equivalent Circuit fit of EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1, compared with circuit fits extracted from existing literature \cite{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013, azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015, wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}.} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + + +** Results - Tafel + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_Tafel.png} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Tafel plot for HIPed Stellite 1} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + +** Results - Tafel + +#+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} + +*** A block :BMCOL: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_col: 0.4 + :END: + +- HIPed S1 shows lower resistance than HIPed S6 +- as-Cast S1 shows lower resistance than as-Cast S6 +- HIPing, Laserclad (high cooling rate) results in higher resistance than as-Cast, PTA (low cooling rate) + +- *HIPing significantly improves corrosion resistance* + +*** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_col: 0.6 + :END: + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure} +#+LaTeX: \includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{EIS_Nyquist_EC_fitting.png} +#+LaTeX: \vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +#+LaTeX: \caption{Equivalent Circuit fit of EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1, compared with circuit fits extracted from existing literature \cite{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013, azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015, wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}.} +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + + + * Conclusion +** Effect of Casting + +# #+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}[ht!] +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \begin{tikzpicture}[ +#+LaTeX: %--- Global Settings --- +#+LaTeX: % Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default +#+LaTeX: node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm, +#+LaTeX: %--- Node Styles --- +#+LaTeX: element_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: draw=blue!50!gray, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=blue!5, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % Custom styles for each element +#+LaTeX: Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: % Style for the individual phase boxes +#+LaTeX: phase_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=yellow!30, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % New styles with proportional heights to fill the container +#+LaTeX: matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=2.0cm}, % 3 parts +#+LaTeX: cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=1.3cm}, % 2 parts +#+LaTeX: w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.6cm}, % 1 part +#+LaTeX: % Style for the manufacturing process boxes +#+LaTeX: process_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=orange!20, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % Style for the material property boxes +#+LaTeX: property_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=green!20, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: %--- Background Box Styles --- +#+LaTeX: group_bg/.style={ +#+LaTeX: draw=black!50, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: dashed, +#+LaTeX: inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: %--- Arrow & Line Styles --- +#+LaTeX: % Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger +#+LaTeX: flow_arrow/.style={ +#+LaTeX: ->, +#+LaTeX: blue!80!black, +#+LaTeX: line width=1.5pt, +#+LaTeX: >={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]} +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: connection_line/.style={ +#+LaTeX: ->, +#+LaTeX: red!70!black, +#+LaTeX: >=Stealth +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: ] +#+LaTeX: % Define a background layer +#+LaTeX: \pgfdeclarelayer{background} +#+LaTeX: \pgfsetlayers{background,main} +#+LaTeX: %======== Nodes ========% +#+LaTeX: % Matrix of source materials +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=element_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: ] (source) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: |[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=phase_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (phases) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: |[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[cr_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Chromium carbides} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[w_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Tungsten carbides} \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=process_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (processes) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: Cooling rates {\bfseries \only<1->{\small Slow}}\\ +#+LaTeX: Carbide Size {\bfseries \only<2->{\small Large}}\\ +#+LaTeX: {Carbide \\ Morphology \\ {\bfseries \only<3->{\tiny Heterogeneous} }} \\ +#+LaTeX: Porosity {\bfseries \only<4->{\tiny Present}}\\ +#+LaTeX: Slight changes to phase composition \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=property_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of processes, +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (properties) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: Hardness \\ +#+LaTeX: Cavitation Erosion \\ +#+LaTeX: Fatigue Strength \\ +#+LaTeX: Wear Resistance \\ +#+LaTeX: Corrosion Resistance \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: %======== Backgrounds ========% +#+LaTeX: \begin{pgfonlayer}{background} +#+LaTeX: % Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(source), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, fit=(phases), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(processes), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(properties), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \end{pgfonlayer} +#+LaTeX: %======== Arrows & Lines ========% +#+LaTeX: % Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label +#+LaTeX: \draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {Cast} (processes_bg); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: % Specific connection arrows remain unchanged +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \end{tikzpicture} +#+LaTeX: % No caption needed for a slide +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + +** Effect of HIPing + +# #+LaTeX: \addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} + +#+LaTeX: \begin{figure}[ht!] +#+LaTeX: \centering +#+LaTeX: \begin{tikzpicture}[ +#+LaTeX: %--- Global Settings --- +#+LaTeX: % Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default +#+LaTeX: node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm, +#+LaTeX: %--- Node Styles --- +#+LaTeX: element_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: draw=blue!50!gray, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=blue!5, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % Custom styles for each element +#+LaTeX: Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 }, +#+LaTeX: Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 }, +#+LaTeX: % Style for the individual phase boxes +#+LaTeX: phase_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=yellow!30, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % New styles with proportional heights to fill the container +#+LaTeX: matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=2.0cm}, % 3 parts +#+LaTeX: cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=1.3cm}, % 2 parts +#+LaTeX: w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.6cm}, % 1 part +#+LaTeX: % Style for the manufacturing process boxes +#+LaTeX: process_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=orange!20, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: % Style for the material property boxes +#+LaTeX: property_box/.style={ +#+LaTeX: text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: font=\tiny, +#+LaTeX: align=center, +#+LaTeX: draw=black!70, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: fill=green!20, +#+LaTeX: minimum height=1.5em +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: %--- Background Box Styles --- +#+LaTeX: group_bg/.style={ +#+LaTeX: draw=black!50, +#+LaTeX: rounded corners, +#+LaTeX: dashed, +#+LaTeX: inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: %--- Arrow & Line Styles --- +#+LaTeX: % Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger +#+LaTeX: flow_arrow/.style={ +#+LaTeX: ->, +#+LaTeX: blue!80!black, +#+LaTeX: line width=1.5pt, +#+LaTeX: >={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]} +#+LaTeX: }, +#+LaTeX: connection_line/.style={ +#+LaTeX: ->, +#+LaTeX: red!70!black, +#+LaTeX: >=Stealth +#+LaTeX: } +#+LaTeX: ] +#+LaTeX: % Define a background layer +#+LaTeX: \pgfdeclarelayer{background} +#+LaTeX: \pgfsetlayers{background,main} +#+LaTeX: %======== Nodes ========% +#+LaTeX: % Matrix of source materials +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=element_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide +#+LaTeX: ] (source) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: |[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=phase_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (phases) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: |[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[cr_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Chromium carbides} \\ +#+LaTeX: |[w_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Tungsten carbides} \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=process_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (processes) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: {Cooling rates \\ {\bfseries \only<1->{\small Fast}}}\\ +#+LaTeX: Carbide Size {\bfseries \only<2->{\small Small}}\\ +#+LaTeX: {Carbide \\ Morphology \\ {\bfseries \only<3->{\tiny Uniform} }} \\ +#+LaTeX: Porosity {\bfseries \only<4->{\tiny Absent}}\\ +#+LaTeX: Slight changes to phase composition \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: % Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap +#+LaTeX: \node[matrix of nodes, +#+LaTeX: nodes=property_box, +#+LaTeX: row sep=1mm, +#+LaTeX: right=0.6cm of processes, +#+LaTeX: anchor=west +#+LaTeX: ] (properties) +#+LaTeX: { +#+LaTeX: Hardness \\ +#+LaTeX: Cavitation Erosion \\ +#+LaTeX: Fatigue Strength \\ +#+LaTeX: Wear Resistance \\ +#+LaTeX: Corrosion Resistance \\ +#+LaTeX: }; +#+LaTeX: %======== Backgrounds ========% +#+LaTeX: \begin{pgfonlayer}{background} +#+LaTeX: % Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(source), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, fit=(phases), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(processes), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \node[group_bg, +#+LaTeX: fit=(properties), +#+LaTeX: label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){}; +#+LaTeX: \end{pgfonlayer} +#+LaTeX: %======== Arrows & Lines ========% +#+LaTeX: % Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label +#+LaTeX: \draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {HIPing} (processes_bg); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: % Specific connection arrows remain unchanged +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +#+LaTeX: \end{tikzpicture} +#+LaTeX: % No caption needed for a slide +#+LaTeX: \end{figure} + + * Bibliography :PROPERTIES: diff --git a/presentation/slides.pdf b/presentation/slides.pdf index 0614fd1..06a6bfc 100644 Binary files a/presentation/slides.pdf and b/presentation/slides.pdf differ diff --git a/presentation/slides.snm b/presentation/slides.snm index 2795f26..cdfed01 100644 --- a/presentation/slides.snm +++ b/presentation/slides.snm @@ -1,38 +1,70 @@ -\beamer@slide {sec:org8d33909<1>}{2} -\beamer@slide {sec:org8d33909}{2} -\beamer@slide {sec:org849ef48}{4} -\beamer@slide {sec:org5559f60<1>}{4} -\beamer@slide {sec:org5559f60}{4} -\beamer@slide {sec:orgff18bcc}{4} -\beamer@slide {sec:orgaa07d1d<1>}{5} -\beamer@slide {sec:orgaa07d1d}{5} -\beamer@slide {sec:org7eb9556<1>}{6} -\beamer@slide 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sections numbered, xcolor=dvipsnames, aspectratio=169]{beamer} \usepackage{graphicx} @@ -23,7 +23,16 @@ %%% GRAPHICS %%% \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem} % For \ce{} chemical formulas \usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{ +positioning, % For relative positioning of nodes (e.g., right=of) +backgrounds, % For drawing on background layers +arrows.meta, % For advanced arrow tips (e.g., Stealth) +fit, % For fitting nodes around other nodes +matrix % For creating matrices of nodes +} +\usepackage{subcaption} %%% MATH & SCIENCE %%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb} @@ -41,9 +50,9 @@ \bibliography{references.bib} % DESIGN COLORS -\definecolor{accent}{HTML}{7EBDC2} % accent color -\definecolor{bgcolor}{HTML}{FCFCFF} % background color -\definecolor{bgcolorAlt}{HTML}{ECF1FC} % alternative background color +\definecolor{accent}{HTML}{EE4B2B} % accent color +\definecolor{bgcolor}{HTML}{FFFFFF} % background color +\definecolor{bgcolorAlt}{HTML}{FFCCCC} % alternative background color \definecolor{fgcolor}{HTML}{222244} % foreground/text color % \setbeamercolor{normal text}{% @@ -181,7 +190,7 @@ legend style = { \begin{document} \maketitle -\begin{frame}[label={sec:org8d33909}]{Agenda} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org3acc074}]{Agenda} \begin{itemize} \item Introduction \item Aims @@ -191,10 +200,10 @@ legend style = { \end{itemize} \end{frame} \section{Introduction} -\label{sec:org849ef48} +\label{sec:org57ff44f} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:org5559f60}]{Cavitation Erosion} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org0376fcd}]{Cavitation Erosion} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.6\columnwidth} \begin{itemize} @@ -215,69 +224,384 @@ Cavitation erosion leads to removal of material, crack growth, and part failure. } \end{column} \begin{column}{0.4\columnwidth} -\begin{example}[A screenshot]\label{sec:orgff18bcc} -Stuff -\end{example} +\only<1>{ +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{tikz_valve_seat_original.png} +\end{center} +} + +\only<2>{ +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{tikz_valve_seat_bubble.png} +\end{center} +} + +\only<3>{ +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{tikz_valve_seat_damage.png} +\end{center} +} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgaa07d1d}]{Stellite mind map} -This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points: -\end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:org7eb9556}]{Why} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org0529998}]{Influences on Stellite Properties} +\begin{center} +Microstructure determines Cavitation Resistance +\end{center} + +\begin{figure}[ht!] +\centering +\begin{tikzpicture}[ +%--- Global Settings --- +% Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default +node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm, +%--- Node Styles --- +element_box/.style={ +draw=blue!50!gray, +rounded corners, +fill=blue!5, +minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide +minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +align=center, +font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide +}, +% Custom styles for each element +Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 }, +Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 }, +W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 }, +Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 }, +C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 }, +Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 }, +% Style for the individual phase boxes +phase_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=yellow!30, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +% New styles with proportional heights to fill the container +matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=3.0cm}, % 3 parts +cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=0.5cm}, % 2 parts +w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.5cm}, % 1 part +% Style for the manufacturing process boxes +process_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=orange!20, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +% Style for the material property boxes +property_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=green!20, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +%--- Background Box Styles --- +group_bg/.style={ +draw=black!50, +rounded corners, +dashed, +inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content +}, +%--- Arrow & Line Styles --- +% Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger +flow_arrow/.style={ +->, +blue!80!black, +line width=1.5pt, +>={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]} +}, +connection_line/.style={ +->, +red!70!black, +>=Stealth +} +] +% Define a background layer +\pgfdeclarelayer{background} +\pgfsetlayers{background,main} +%======== Nodes ========% +% Matrix of source materials +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=element_box, +row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide +] (source) +{ +|[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\ +|[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\ +|[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\ +|[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\ +|[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\ +|[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\ +}; +% Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=phase_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap +anchor=west +] (phases) +{ +|[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\ +|[cr_carbide_box]| {\tiny Chromium carbides} \\ +|[w_carbide_box]| {\tiny Tungsten carbides} \\ +}; +% Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=process_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm +anchor=west +] (processes) +{ +Cooling rates \\ +Carbide Size \\ +{Carbide \\ Morphology} \\ +Porosity \\ +Slight changes to phase composition \\ +}; +% Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=property_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=0.6cm of processes, +anchor=west +] (properties) +{ +Hardness \\ +Cavitation Erosion \\ +Fatigue Strength \\ +Wear Resistance \\ +Corrosion Resistance \\ +}; +%======== Backgrounds ========% +\begin{pgfonlayer}{background} +% Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them +\node[group_bg, +fit=(source), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, fit=(phases), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, +fit=(processes), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, +fit=(properties), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){}; +\end{pgfonlayer} +%======== Arrows & Lines ========% +% Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label +\draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {Process} (processes_bg); +% Specific connection arrows remain unchanged +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\end{tikzpicture} +% No caption needed for a slide +\end{figure} \end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org0cd9329}]{Influences on Stellite Properties} +\begin{center} +Increased Carbides, Increased Hardness, Increased Cavitation Resistance +\end{center} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgc5fa305}]{A simple slide} -This slide consists of some text with a number of bullet points: +\addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} -\begin{itemize} -\item the first, very @important@, point! -\item the previous point shows the use of the special markup which -translates to the Beamer specific \emph{alert} command for highlighting -text. -\end{itemize} - - -The above list could be numbered or any other type of list and may -include sub-lists. -\end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:org6136f28}]{A more complex slide} -This slide illustrates the use of Beamer blocks. The following text, -with its own headline, is displayed in a block: -\begin{theorem}[Org mode increases productivity]\label{sec:orgd9ec0d0} -\begin{itemize} -\item org mode means not having to remember \LaTeX{} commands. -\item it is based on ascii text which is inherently portable. -\item Emacs! -\end{itemize} - -\hfill \(\qed\) -\end{theorem} -\end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:org2fd4e9e}]{Two columns} -\begin{columns} -\begin{column}{0.4\columnwidth} -\begin{itemize} -\item this slide consists of two columns -\item the first (left) column has no heading and consists of text -\item the second (right) column has an image and is enclosed in an -\alert{example} block -\end{itemize} -\end{column} -\begin{column}{0.6\columnwidth} -\begin{example}[A screenshot]\label{sec:org9c58c6f} -Stuff -\end{example} -\end{column} -\end{columns} +\begin{figure}[ht!] +\centering +\begin{tikzpicture}[ +%--- Global Settings --- +% Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default +node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm, +%--- Node Styles --- +element_box/.style={ +draw=blue!50!gray, +rounded corners, +fill=blue!5, +minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide +minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +align=center, +font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide +}, +% Custom styles for each element +Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 }, +Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 }, +W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 }, +Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 }, +C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 }, +Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 }, +% Style for the individual phase boxes +phase_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=yellow!30, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +% New styles with proportional heights to fill the container +matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=2.0cm}, % 3 parts +cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=1.3cm}, % 2 parts +w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.6cm}, % 1 part +% Style for the manufacturing process boxes +process_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=orange!20, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +% Style for the material property boxes +property_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=green!20, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +%--- Background Box Styles --- +group_bg/.style={ +draw=black!50, +rounded corners, +dashed, +inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content +}, +%--- Arrow & Line Styles --- +% Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger +flow_arrow/.style={ +->, +blue!80!black, +line width=1.5pt, +>={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]} +}, +connection_line/.style={ +->, +red!70!black, +>=Stealth +} +] +% Define a background layer +\pgfdeclarelayer{background} +\pgfsetlayers{background,main} +%======== Nodes ========% +% Matrix of source materials +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=element_box, +row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide +] (source) +{ +|[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\ +|[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\ +|[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\ +|[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\ +|[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\ +|[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\ +}; +% Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=phase_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap +anchor=west +] (phases) +{ +|[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\ +|[cr_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Chromium carbides} \\ +|[w_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Tungsten carbides} \\ +}; +% Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=process_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm +anchor=west +] (processes) +{ +Cooling rates \\ +Carbide Size \\ +{Carbide \\ Morphology} \\ +Porosity \\ +Slight changes to phase composition \\ +}; +% Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=property_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=0.6cm of processes, +anchor=west +] (properties) +{ +Hardness \\ +Cavitation Erosion \\ +Fatigue Strength \\ +Wear Resistance \\ +Corrosion Resistance \\ +}; +%======== Backgrounds ========% +\begin{pgfonlayer}{background} +% Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them +\node[group_bg, +fit=(source), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, fit=(phases), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, +fit=(processes), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, +fit=(properties), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){}; +\end{pgfonlayer} +%======== Arrows & Lines ========% +% Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label +\draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {Process} (processes_bg); +% Specific connection arrows remain unchanged +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\end{tikzpicture} +% No caption needed for a slide +\end{figure} \end{frame} \section{Aims} -\label{sec:org303b207} +\label{sec:org8df6c8b} \section{Methodology} -\label{sec:orgbef4864} +\label{sec:org48ab44a} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:org352c9d6}]{Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing} + + + +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org237db36}]{Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.5\columnwidth} Naturally aerated \alert{seawater} at room temperature. @@ -291,7 +615,8 @@ Naturally aerated \alert{seawater} at room temperature. \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:orge61b2bc}]{Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org31dcc9d}]{Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing} +\addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.3\columnwidth} \begin{figure} @@ -316,7 +641,8 @@ Naturally aerated \alert{seawater} at room temperature. \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:org1a6574c}]{Methodology - Seawater Filtering and pH} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgb301bdf}]{Methodology - ASTM G32 Cavitation Erosion Testing} +\addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.3\columnwidth} \begin{itemize} @@ -334,7 +660,7 @@ Naturally aerated \alert{seawater} at room temperature. \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:org83c4f25}]{Methodology - Electrochemical Setup} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgbb25989}]{Methodology - Electrochemical Setup} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.7\columnwidth} \begin{itemize} @@ -370,7 +696,8 @@ Naturally aerated \alert{seawater} at room temperature. \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:org9f72708}]{Methodology - Electrochemical Setup} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org6945eb6}]{Methodology - Electrochemical Setup} +\addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.35\columnwidth} \begin{figure} @@ -395,7 +722,9 @@ Naturally aerated \alert{seawater} at room temperature. \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgd95bc75}]{Methodology - Electrochemical Tests} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgbcc4ec8}]{Methodology - Electrochemical Tests} +\addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} + \begin{itemize} \item Open Circuit Potential (OCP) @@ -420,7 +749,7 @@ The current density through the sample with an externally imposed voltage \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgab57b2e}]{Methodology - X-ray Diffraction (XRD)} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgebb20b7}]{Methodology - X-ray Diffraction (XRD)} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.4\columnwidth} The constituent phases were examined by X-ray diffraction @@ -446,7 +775,7 @@ The constituent phases were examined by X-ray diffraction \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} -\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgb382ef0}]{Methodology - Optical Microscopy (OM) \& Electron Microscopy (SEM)} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org4e6a351}]{Methodology - Optical Microscopy (OM) \& Electron Microscopy (SEM)} \begin{columns} \begin{column}{0.7\columnwidth} \begin{itemize} @@ -484,11 +813,603 @@ Images were taken with Vega TESCAN and Oxford Instruments \end{columns} \end{frame} \section{Results \& Discussion} -\label{sec:org81ba502} +\label{sec:orgc223044} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org98f5c39}]{Results - OM Images} +\begin{figure} +\centering +% Use columns for a stable side-by-side layout +\begin{columns}[T] +% --- LEFT COLUMN: Cycles through As-cast images --- +\begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} +% Only on slide 1 +\only<1>{ +\begin{subfigure}{\textwidth} +\centering +\setcounter{subfigure}{0} +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_asCast_Stellite1_500X_central_1.jpg} +\caption{\centering As-cast Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen centre)} +\end{subfigure} +} +% Only on slide 2 +\only<2>{ +\begin{subfigure}{\textwidth} +\centering +\setcounter{subfigure}{2} +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_asCast_Stellite1_500X_butterfly_1.jpg} +\caption{\centering As-cast Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen midway)} +\end{subfigure} +} +% Only on slide 3 +\only<3>{ +\begin{subfigure}{\textwidth} +\centering +\setcounter{subfigure}{3} +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_asCast_Stellite1_500X_nearEdge_1.jpg} +\caption{\centering As-cast Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen edge)} +\end{subfigure} +} +\end{column} +% --- RIGHT COLUMN: Static HIPed image for comparison --- +\begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} +% This subfigure is visible on all slides (1, 2, and 3) +\begin{subfigure}{\textwidth} +\centering +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OM_HIPed_Stellite1_500X.jpg} +\caption{\centering HIPed Stellite 1 w/ mag 500X \\(specimen centre)} +\end{subfigure} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\vspace{-\baselineskip} +\caption{Optical Microscopy Images of as-cast and HIPed Stellite 1 specimens} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org824c448}]{Results - HIPed Stellite 1 SEM Images} +\begin{figure} +\centering +% First subfigure +\begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth} +\centering +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_10X_SE.jpg} +\caption{SE w/ mag 10X} +\end{subfigure} +%\hfill % Adds horizontal space between subfigures +% Second subfigure +\begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth} +\centering +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_1000X_SE.jpg} +\caption{SE w/ mag 1000X} +\end{subfigure} +\vspace{-\baselineskip} +\caption{Eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org22f33c2}]{Results - HIPed Stellite 1 SEM Images} +\begin{figure} +\centering +\addtocounter{figure}{-1} % Add this line to decrement the figure counter +% First subfigure +\begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth} +\setcounter{subfigure}{2} % Add this line to start numbering from (c) +\centering +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_5000X_SE.jpg} +\caption{SE w/ mag 5000X} +\end{subfigure} +%\hfill % Adds horizontal space between subfigures +% Second subfigure +\begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth} +\centering +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_5000X_BSE.jpg} +\caption{BSE w/ mag 5000X} +\end{subfigure} +\vspace{-\baselineskip} +\caption{Eroded surface of HIPed Stellite 1} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org3b02916}]{Results - OCP} +\begin{figure} +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OCP.png} +\vspace{-\baselineskip} +\caption{Open Circuit Potential (OCP) of as-Cast and HIPed Stellite 1} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org4c32354}]{Results - OCP} +\addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} +\begin{columns} +\begin{column}{0.4\columnwidth} +\begin{itemize} +\item \alert{OCPs shows upward trend} + +Upward (nobler) trend indicates passivation (formation of protective layer), reducing rate of corrosion. +\item \alert{HIPed S1 has lower OCP than as-cast S1} + +Lower OCP is indicative of more thermodynamically stable materials \cite{ogunlakinMicrostructuralElectrochemicalCorrosion2025, rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013}. +\end{itemize} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.6\columnwidth} +\begin{figure} +\addtocounter{figure}{-1} +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{OCP.png} +\vspace{-\baselineskip} +\caption{Open Circuit Potential (OCP) of as-Cast and HIPed Stellite 1} +\end{figure} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgb05d03e}]{Results - EIS} +\begin{figure} +\only<1>{ +\begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth} +\centering +\setcounter{subfigure}{0} +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{EIS_CS_Bode_comparison.png} +\caption{EIS Bode plot of as-Cast Stellite 1} +\end{subfigure} +} +\only<2>{ +\begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth} +\centering +\setcounter{subfigure}{1} +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{EIS_HS_Bode_comparison.png} +\caption{EIS Bode plot of HIPed Stellite 1} +\end{subfigure} +} +\only<3>{ +\begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth} +\centering +\setcounter{subfigure}{2} +\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{EIS_CS_Nyquist_comparison.png} +\caption{EIS Nyquist plot of as-Cast Stellite 1} +\end{subfigure} +} +\only<4>{ +\begin{subfigure}{0.88\textwidth} +\centering +\setcounter{subfigure}{3} +\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{EIS_HS_Nyquist_comparison.png} +\caption{EIS Nyquist plot of HIPed Stellite 1} +\end{subfigure} +} +\vspace{-\baselineskip} +\caption{Comparison of EIS results with excitation frequencies 10, 20, and 30 mV} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org0f60290}]{Results - EIS} +\only<1>{ +\begin{figure} +\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{EIS_doublecolumn_bode_plot.png} +\vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +\caption{EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1} +\end{figure} +} + + +\only<2->{ +\begin{columns} +\begin{column}{0.4\columnwidth} +\begin{itemize} +\only<2>{ +\item \alert{EIS is mostly independent of excitation frequency} +\newline \newline +The discontinuitity that appears at lower frequencies is "delayed" at higher excitation voltages, but datapoints are similar with small errorbars. +\newline \newline Values taken with excitation voltage of 20mV will be used for quantitative analysis +} +\only<3->{ +\item EIS is mostly independent of excitation frequency +\item \alert{HIPed Stellite 1 possesses greater impedence} +\newline \newline +Greater impedence indicates greater resistance to corrosion. Similar dependence on microstructure observed in as-cast \& HIPed Stellite 6 \cite{malayogluComparingPerformanceHIPed2003, malayogluAssessingKineticsMechanisms2005, nevilleAqueousCorrosionCobalt2010, rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013}. +} +\end{itemize} +\end{column} +% +\begin{column}{0.59\columnwidth} +\begin{figure} +\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{EIS_doublecolumn_bode_plot.png} +\vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +\caption{EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1} +\end{figure} +\end{column} +% +\end{columns} +} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgb8c8899}]{Results - EIS} +\begin{figure} +\includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{EIS_Nyquist_EC_fitting.png} +\vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +\caption{Equivalent Circuit fit of EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1, compared with circuit fits extracted from existing literature \cite{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013, azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015, wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}.} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org447edee}]{Results - EIS} +\addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} +\begin{columns} +\begin{column}{0.4\columnwidth} +\begin{itemize} +\item HIPed S1 shows lower resistance than HIPed S6 +\item as-Cast S1 shows lower resistance than as-Cast S6 +\item HIPing, Laserclad (high cooling rate) results in higher resistance than as-Cast, PTA (low cooling rate) + +\item \alert{HIPing significantly improves corrosion resistance} +\end{itemize} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.6\columnwidth} +\begin{figure} +\includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{EIS_Nyquist_EC_fitting.png} +\vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +\caption{Equivalent Circuit fit of EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1, compared with circuit fits extracted from existing literature \cite{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013, azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015, wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}.} +\end{figure} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:orgf86c4d6}]{Results - Tafel} +\begin{figure} +\includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{HIPed_Stellite1_Tafel.png} +\vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +\caption{Tafel plot for HIPed Stellite 1} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org60cdbf3}]{Results - Tafel} +\addtocounter{framenumber}{-1} +\begin{columns} +\begin{column}{0.4\columnwidth} +\begin{itemize} +\item HIPed S1 shows lower resistance than HIPed S6 +\item as-Cast S1 shows lower resistance than as-Cast S6 +\item HIPing, Laserclad (high cooling rate) results in higher resistance than as-Cast, PTA (low cooling rate) + +\item \alert{HIPing significantly improves corrosion resistance} +\end{itemize} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.6\columnwidth} +\begin{figure} +\includegraphics[width=0.58\textwidth]{EIS_Nyquist_EC_fitting.png} +\vspace{-0.5\baselineskip} +\caption{Equivalent Circuit fit of EIS of as-Cast Stellite 1 and HIPed Stellite 1, compared with circuit fits extracted from existing literature \cite{rosalbinoCorrosionBehaviourAssessment2013, azziTriboMechanicalProperties2015, wuMicrostructurePerformanceStudies2020}.} +\end{figure} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} \section{Conclusion} -\label{sec:org8d03af3} - +\label{sec:org5f84353} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org31e35fe}]{Effect of Casting} +\begin{figure}[ht!] +\centering +\begin{tikzpicture}[ +%--- Global Settings --- +% Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default +node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm, +%--- Node Styles --- +element_box/.style={ +draw=blue!50!gray, +rounded corners, +fill=blue!5, +minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide +minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +align=center, +font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide +}, +% Custom styles for each element +Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 }, +Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 }, +W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 }, +Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 }, +C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 }, +Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 }, +% Style for the individual phase boxes +phase_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=yellow!30, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +% New styles with proportional heights to fill the container +matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=2.0cm}, % 3 parts +cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=1.3cm}, % 2 parts +w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.6cm}, % 1 part +% Style for the manufacturing process boxes +process_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=orange!20, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +% Style for the material property boxes +property_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=green!20, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +%--- Background Box Styles --- +group_bg/.style={ +draw=black!50, +rounded corners, +dashed, +inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content +}, +%--- Arrow & Line Styles --- +% Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger +flow_arrow/.style={ +->, +blue!80!black, +line width=1.5pt, +>={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]} +}, +connection_line/.style={ +->, +red!70!black, +>=Stealth +} +] +% Define a background layer +\pgfdeclarelayer{background} +\pgfsetlayers{background,main} +%======== Nodes ========% +% Matrix of source materials +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=element_box, +row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide +] (source) +{ +|[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\ +|[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\ +|[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\ +|[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\ +|[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\ +|[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\ +}; +% Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=phase_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap +anchor=west +] (phases) +{ +|[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\ +|[cr_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Chromium carbides} \\ +|[w_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Tungsten carbides} \\ +}; +% Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=process_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm +anchor=west +] (processes) +{ +Cooling rates {\bfseries \only<1->{\small Slow}}\\ +Carbide Size {\bfseries \only<2->{\small Large}}\\ +{Carbide \\ Morphology \\ {\bfseries \only<3->{\tiny Heterogeneous} }} \\ +Porosity {\bfseries \only<4->{\tiny Present}}\\ +Slight changes to phase composition \\ +}; +% Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=property_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=0.6cm of processes, +anchor=west +] (properties) +{ +Hardness \\ +Cavitation Erosion \\ +Fatigue Strength \\ +Wear Resistance \\ +Corrosion Resistance \\ +}; +%======== Backgrounds ========% +\begin{pgfonlayer}{background} +% Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them +\node[group_bg, +fit=(source), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, fit=(phases), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, +fit=(processes), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, +fit=(properties), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){}; +\end{pgfonlayer} +%======== Arrows & Lines ========% +% Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label +\draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {Cast} (processes_bg); +% Specific connection arrows remain unchanged +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\end{tikzpicture} +% No caption needed for a slide +\end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[label={sec:org6d1955e}]{Effect of HIPing} +\begin{figure}[ht!] +\centering +\begin{tikzpicture}[ +%--- Global Settings --- +% Horizontal distance between groups is 1.5cm by default +node distance=0.4cm and 1.5cm, +%--- Node Styles --- +element_box/.style={ +draw=blue!50!gray, +rounded corners, +fill=blue!5, +minimum height=1.5em, % Adjusted for slide +minimum width=1.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +align=center, +font=\tiny % Use smaller font for slide +}, +% Custom styles for each element +Co_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, draw=gray!70 }, +Cr_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, draw=gray!70 }, +W_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!70 }, +Mo_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, draw=gray!50 }, +C_element/.style={ element_box, fill=blue!50!gray!40!white, draw=gray!50 }, +Fe_element/.style={ element_box, fill=gray!30, draw=gray!50 }, +% Style for the individual phase boxes +phase_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=yellow!30, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +% New styles with proportional heights to fill the container +matrix_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!30!white, minimum height=2.0cm}, % 3 parts +cr_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!50!white, minimum height=1.3cm}, % 2 parts +w_carbide_box/.style={phase_box, fill=blue!20!gray!10!white, minimum height=0.6cm}, % 1 part +% Style for the manufacturing process boxes +process_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=orange!20, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +% Style for the material property boxes +property_box/.style={ +text width=2.0cm, % Adjusted for slide +font=\tiny, +align=center, +draw=black!70, +rounded corners, +fill=green!20, +minimum height=1.5em +}, +%--- Background Box Styles --- +group_bg/.style={ +draw=black!50, +rounded corners, +dashed, +inner sep=0.2cm, % Adjusted for slide +minimum height=5.2cm % Increased height to fit all content +}, +%--- Arrow & Line Styles --- +% Made the arrow thicker and the arrowhead much larger +flow_arrow/.style={ +->, +blue!80!black, +line width=1.5pt, +>={Stealth[length=8mm, width=4mm]} +}, +connection_line/.style={ +->, +red!70!black, +>=Stealth +} +] +% Define a background layer +\pgfdeclarelayer{background} +\pgfsetlayers{background,main} +%======== Nodes ========% +% Matrix of source materials +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=element_box, +row sep=1mm % Adjusted for slide +] (source) +{ +|[Co_element]| {\large \ce{Co}} \\ +|[Cr_element]| {\large \ce{Cr}} \\ +|[W_element]| {\large \ce{W}} \\ +|[Mo_element]| {\large \ce{Mo}} \\ +|[C_element]| {\large \ce{C}} \\ +|[Fe_element]| {\begin{tabular}{c} \ce{Fe, Ni} \\ \ce{Si, B} \\ \ce{Ln, Mn, V} \end{tabular}} \\ +}; +% Matrix for the phases, positioned with a smaller, specific distance +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=phase_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=0.6cm of source, % This sets the smaller gap +anchor=west +] (phases) +{ +|[matrix_box]| {{\normalsize Matrix} \\ Solid solution strengthening} \\ +|[cr_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Chromium carbides} \\ +|[w_carbide_box]| {\normalsize Tungsten carbides} \\ +}; +% Updated Matrix for the manufacturing processes, uses the default larger gap +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=process_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=2.5cm of phases, % <<< CHANGED: Increased distance from 1.5cm (default) to 2.5cm +anchor=west +] (processes) +{ +{Cooling rates \\ {\bfseries \only<1->{\small Fast}}}\\ +Carbide Size {\bfseries \only<2->{\small Small}}\\ +{Carbide \\ Morphology \\ {\bfseries \only<3->{\tiny Uniform} }} \\ +Porosity {\bfseries \only<4->{\tiny Absent}}\\ +Slight changes to phase composition \\ +}; +% Matrix for the material properties, uses the default larger gap +\node[matrix of nodes, +nodes=property_box, +row sep=1mm, +right=0.6cm of processes, +anchor=west +] (properties) +{ +Hardness \\ +Cavitation Erosion \\ +Fatigue Strength \\ +Wear Resistance \\ +Corrosion Resistance \\ +}; +%======== Backgrounds ========% +\begin{pgfonlayer}{background} +% Name the background nodes so we can draw arrows between them +\node[group_bg, +fit=(source), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]{Element \\ Composition}}](source_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, fit=(phases), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Phase \\ Composition}](phases_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, +fit=(processes), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Microstructure \\ Properties}](processes_bg){}; +\node[group_bg, +fit=(properties), +label={[font=\small\bfseries, align=center, above, yshift=2mm]Material \\ Properties}](properties_bg){}; +\end{pgfonlayer} +%======== Arrows & Lines ========% +% Arrow between Phase Composition and Manufacturing Process with a label +\draw[flow_arrow] (phases_bg) -- node[above=2mm, font=\small\bfseries] {HIPing} (processes_bg); +% Specific connection arrows remain unchanged +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-1-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-2-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-3-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thin, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-1-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-4-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-2-1.west); +\draw[->, red!70!black, very thick, >=Stealth] (source-5-1.east) -- (phases-3-1.west); +\end{tikzpicture} +% No caption needed for a slide +\end{figure} +\end{frame} \begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{Bibliography} \printbibliography \end{frame} diff --git a/presentation/slides.toc b/presentation/slides.toc index e511dad..2778d40 100644 --- a/presentation/slides.toc +++ b/presentation/slides.toc @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ \babel@toc {english}{}\relax \babel@toc {english}{}\relax \beamer@sectionintoc {1}{Introduction}{3}{0}{1} -\beamer@sectionintoc {2}{Aims}{10}{0}{2} -\beamer@sectionintoc {3}{Methodology}{11}{0}{3} -\beamer@sectionintoc {4}{Results \& Discussion}{20}{0}{4} -\beamer@sectionintoc {5}{Conclusion}{21}{0}{5} +\beamer@sectionintoc {2}{Aims}{9}{0}{2} +\beamer@sectionintoc {3}{Methodology}{10}{0}{3} +\beamer@sectionintoc {4}{Results \& Discussion}{19}{0}{4} +\beamer@sectionintoc {5}{Conclusion}{38}{0}{5} diff --git a/presentation/tikz_valve_seat_bubble.png b/presentation/tikz_valve_seat_bubble.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a63d05a Binary files 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