,Authors,Author full names,Author(s) ID,Title,Year,Source title,Volume,Issue,Art. No.,Page start,Page end,Page count,Cited by,DOI,Link,Abstract,Author Keywords,Index Keywords,References,Editors,Publisher,ISSN,ISBN,CODEN,Abbreviated Source Title,Document Type,Publication Stage,Open Access,Source,EID ,Singh N.K.; Ang A.S.M.; Mahajan D.K.; Singh H.,"Singh, Navneet K. (57222188561); Ang, Andrew S.M. (56208464800); Mahajan, Dhiraj K. (8712400500); Singh, Harpreet (55627877339)",57222188561; 56208464800; 8712400500; 55627877339,Cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based cermet coatings for monel K-500,2021,Tribology International,159,,106954,,,,23,10.1016/j.triboint.2021.106954,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101791936&doi=10.1016%2fj.triboint.2021.106954&partnerID=40&md5=f28c1def942f7738d20b9cfe94440d7a,"WC-NiCr and WC-Hastelloy C coatings were deposited on Monel K-500 substrate by HVOF-spray with an aim to enhance cavitation erosion resistance of the alloy. The cavitation tests were performed for 10 h following ASTM G32-10 standard. Both WC-NiCr as well as WC-Hastelloy C coatings successfully reduced the erosion volume loss of the alloy by 59% and 9% respectively. The relatively superior performance of WC-NiCr coating could be attributed to better combination of its microhardness and fracture toughness. Formation of craters, cavities, and debonding of splats were found to be the signatures of cavitation erosion in the coatings. Whereas, microplastic tearing and microcracks were observed as the primary erosion mechanism in Monel K-500. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd",Cavitation; Cermet; Monel K-500; Thermal spray coatings,Cavitation; Erosion; Fracture toughness; HVOF thermal spraying; Microcracks; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cermet coatings; Erosion mechanisms; Hastelloy; HVOF spray; Ni-Cr coatings; Volume loss; Nickel coatings,"Carach J., Hloch S., Hlavacek P., Gombar M., Klichova D., Botko F., Mital D., Lehocka D., Hydro-abrasive disintegration of alloy Monel K-500-the influence of technological and abrasive factors on the surface quality, Procedia Eng, 149, pp. 17-23, (2016); Jasionowski R., Depczynski W., Zasada D., Analysis of the initial cavitation erosion period of selected nickel alloys, IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, 461, pp. 1-6, (2019); Pollock T.M., Tin S., Nickel-based alloys for advanced turbine engines chemistry, microstructure, and properties, J Propul Power, 22, pp. 361-374, (2006); Raikwar A.S., Jain A., A review paper on hydrodynamic cavitation, ijesc, 7, pp. 10296-10299, (2017); Grewal H.S., Singh H., Agrawal A., Understanding liquid impingement erosion behaviour of nickel-alumina based thermal spray coatings, Wear, 301, pp. 424-433, (2013); Grewal H.S., Agrawal A., Singh H., Arora H.S., Cavitation erosion studies on friction stir processed hydroturbine steel, Trans Indian Inst Met, 65, pp. 731-734, (2012); Franc J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of cavitation, (2005); Knight R., The HVOF process - the hottest topic in the thermal spray industry, Weld J, pp. 25-30, (1993); Sidhu T.S., Prakash S., Agrawal R.D., State of the art of HVOF coating investigations - a review, Mar Technol Soc J, 39, pp. 53-64, (2005); Wang Y.Y., Li C.J., Ohmori A., Influence of substrate roughness on the bonding mechanisms of high velocity oxy-fuel sprayed coatings, Thin Solid Films, 485, pp. 141-147, (2005); Berger L.M., Application of hardmetals as thermal spray coatings, Int J Refract Metals Hard Mater, 49, pp. 350-364, (2015); Souza V.A.D., Neville A., Corrosion and erosion damage mechanisms during erosion-corrosion of WC-Co-Cr cermet coatings, Wear, 255, pp. 146-156, (2003); Picas J.A., Punset M., Baile M.T., Martin E., Forn A., Tribological evaluation of HVOF thermal-spray coatings as a hard chrome replacement, Surf Interface Anal, 43, pp. 1346-1353, (2011); Piola R., Ang A.S.M., Leigh M., Wade S.A., A comparison of the antifouling performance of air plasma spray (APS) ceramic and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) coatings for use in marine hydraulic applications, Biofouling, 34, pp. 479-491, (2018); Zhang P., Jiang J., Ma A., Wang Z., Wu Y., Lin P., Cavitation erosion resistance of WC-Cr-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr coatings prepared by HVOF, Adv Mater Res, 15-17, pp. 199-204, (2006); Du J., Zhang J., Xu J., Zhang C., Cavitation-corrosion behaviors of HVOF sprayed WC-25WB-10Co-5NiCr and MoB-25NiCr coatings, Ceram Int, 46, pp. 21707-21718, (2020); Souza V.A.D., Neville A., Linking electrochemical corrosion behaviour and corrosion mechanisms of thermal spray cermet coatings (WC-CrNi and WC/CrC-CoCr), Mater Sci Eng., 352, pp. 202-211, (2003); Ang A.S.M., Howse H., Wade S.A., Berndt C.C., Manufacturing of nickel based cermet coatings by the HVOF process, Surf Eng, 32, pp. 713-724, (2016); Howse H., Ang A.S.M., Wade S.A., Berndt C.C., Investigation into the suitability of HVOF nickel based cermets in marine hydraulic service subject to biofouling, ITSC, pp. 759-765, (2018); Zhang C.H., Wu C.L., Zhang S., Jia Y.F., Guan M., Tan J.Z., Lin B., Laser cladding of NiCrSiB on Monel 400 to enhance cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance, Rare Met, pp. 1-9, (2016); Song Z., Shiqi W., Wendong C., Siwen H., Chunhua Z., Meng G., Cavitation erosion properties of ni-based re alloy coating on monel alloy by laser cladding, Rare Met Mater Eng, 47, pp. 1517-1522, (2018); “Standard guide for metallographic preparation of thermal sprayed coatings.” E1920-03, ASTM Int., 1-5, (2016); “Standard test method for vickers indentation hardness of advanced ceramics.” C13217-08, ASTM Int., 1-9, (2003); Ding X., Huang Y., Yuan C., Ding Z., Deposition and cavitation erosion behavior of multimodal WC-10Co4Cr coatings sprayed by HVOF, Surf Coating Technol, 392, (2020); Varis T., Suhonen T., Ghabchi A., Valarezo A., Sampath S., Liu X., Hannula S.P., Formation mechanisms, structure, and properties of HVOF-sprayed WC-CoCr coatings: an approach toward process maps, J Therm Spray Technol, 23, pp. 1009-1018, (2014); Lamana M.S., Pukasiewicz A.G.M., Sampath S., Influence of cobalt content and HVOF deposition process on the cavitation erosion resistance of WC-Co coatings, Wear, 398-399, pp. 209-219, (2018); Enrique R.R., Fracture toughness determinations by means of indentation fracture, Nanocompos. 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Indus., pp. 21-38, (2011); Vackel A., Dwivedi G., Sampath S., Structurally integrated, damage-tolerant, thermal spray coatings, JOM (J Occup Med), 67, pp. 1540-1553, (2015); Usmani S., Sampath S., Houck D.L., Lee D., Effect of carbide grain size on the sliding and abrasive wear behavior of thermally sprayed WC-Co coatings, Tribol Trans, 40, pp. 470-478, (1997); “Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus.” G 32-10, pp. 1-19, (2010); “Standard test methods of determining area percentage porosity in thermal sprayed coatings.” E2109-01, pp. 1-8, (2014); Pramod T., Kumar R.K., Seetharamu S., Kamaraj M., Effect of porosity on cavitation erosion resistance of HVOF processed tungsten carbide coatings, Int J Adv Mech Eng, 4, pp. 307-314, (2014); Gonzalez-Hermosilla W.A., Chicot D., Lesage J., Barbera-Sosa J.G.L., Gruescu I.C., Statia M.H., Puchi-Cabrera E.S., Effect of substrate roughness on the fatigue behavior of a SAE 1045 steel coated with a WC-10Co-4Cr cermet, deposited by HVOF thermal spray, Mater. 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Eng., 527, pp. 6551-6561, (2010); Ding Z.X., Chen W., Wang Q., Resistance of cavitation erosion of multimodal WC-12Co coatings sprayed by HVOF, Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China, 21, pp. 2231-2236, (2011); Hattori S., Nakao E., Cavitation erosion mechanism and quantitative evaluation based on erosion particles, Wear, 249, pp. 839-845, (2001); Wang Y., Liu J., Kang N., Darut G., Poirier T., Stella J., Liao H., Planche M.P., Cavitation erosion of plasma-sprayed CoMoCrSi coatings, Tribol Int, 102, pp. 429-435, (2016); Lavigne S., Pougoum F., Savoie S., Martinu L., Klemberg-Sapieha J.E., Schulz R., Cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF CaviTec coatings, Wear, 386-387, pp. 90-98, (2017); Lima M.M., Godoy C., Modensei P.J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Dvison A., Matthews A., Coating fracture toughness determined by Vickers indentation: an important parameter in cavitation erosion resistance of WC–Co thermally sprayed coatings, Surf Coating Technol, 177-178, pp. 489-496, (2004); Ding X., Cheng X., Yu X., Li C., Yuan C., Ding Z., Structure and cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed multi-dimensional WC–10Co4Cr coating, Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China, 28, pp. 487-494, (2018); Zhang H., Chen X., Gong Y., Tian Y., McDonald A., Li H., In-situ SEM observations of ultrasonic cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF-sprayed coatings, Ultrason Sonochem, 60, (2020); Hong S., Wu Y., Wu J., Zheng Y., Xhang Y., Cheng J., Li J., Lin J., Effect of flow velocity on cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed WC-10Ni and WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coatings, Int J Refract Metals Hard Mater, 92, (2020); Yang Q., Senda T., Ohmori A., Effect of carbide grain size on microstructure and sliding wear behavior of HVOF-sprayed WC–12% Co coatings, Wear, 254, pp. 23-34, (2003); Zhang C., Ning Y., Yuxi H., Chao W., Xu B., Song Z., Study on cavitation erosion behavior of Monel alloys in the simulated seawater solution, Adv Mater Res, 631-632, pp. 40-43, (2013)",,Elsevier Ltd,0301679X,,TRBIB,Tribol Int,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85101791936 ,Szala M.; Walczak M.; Świetlicki A.,"Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Walczak, Mariusz (26435581200); Świetlicki, Aleksander (57224314207)",56545535000; 26435581200; 57224314207,"Effect of microstructure and hardness on cavitation erosion and dry sliding wear of HVOF deposited CoNiCrAlY, NiCoCrAlY and NiCrMoNbTa coatings",2022,Materials,15,1,93,,,,22,10.3390/ma15010093,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121748597&doi=10.3390%2fma15010093&partnerID=40&md5=dd39477fadbc075bf167e68323efdc95,"Metallic coatings based on cobalt and nickel are promising for elongating the life span of machine components operated in harsh environments. However, reports regarding the ambient temperature tribological performance and cavitation erosion resistance of popular MCrAlY (where M = Co, Ni or Co/Ni) and NiCrMoNbTa coatings are scant. This study comparatively investigates the effects of microstructure and hardness of HVOF deposited CoNiCrAlY, NiCoCrAlY and NiCr-MoNbTa coatings on tribological and cavitation erosion performance. The cavitation erosion test was conducted using the vibratory method following the ASTM G32 standard. The tribological examina-tion was done using a ball-on-disc tribometer. Analysis of the chemical composition, microstructure, phase composition and hardness reveal the dry sliding wear and cavitation erosion mechanisms. Coatings present increasing resistance to both sliding wear and cavitation erosion in the following order: NiCoCrAlY < CoNiCrAlY < NiCrMoNbTa. The tribological behaviour of coatings relies on abrasive grooving and oxidation of the wear products. In the case of NiCrMoNbTa coatings, abrasion is followed by the severe adhesive smearing of oxidised wear products which end in the lowest coefficient of friction and wear rate. Cavitation erosion is initiated at microstructure discontinuities and ends with severe surface pitting. CoNiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlY coatings present semi brittle behavior, whereas NiCrMoNbTa presents ductile mode and lesser surface pitting, which improves its anti-cavitation performance. The differences in microstructure of investigated coatings affect the wear and cavitation erosion performance more than the hardness itself. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",Cavitation corrosion; Cobalt; Erosion rate; Failure analysis; Hardness; MCrAlY; Nickel; Roughness; Surface engineering; Tribology; Wear,Abrasion; Adhesives; Aluminum alloys; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chemical analysis; Chromium; Chromium alloys; Cobalt; Cobalt alloys; Erosion; Friction; Hardness; Nickel; Textures; Tribology; Wear resistance; Cobalt and nickels; Dry sliding wear; Erosion rates; Harsh environment; Lifespans; MCrAlY; Metallic coating; Performance; Surface engineering; Surface pitting; Failure analysis,"Latka L., Thermal barrier coatings manufactured by suspension plasma spraying—A review, Adv. Mat. Sci, 18, pp. 95-117, (2018); Winnicki M., Advanced Functional Metal-Ceramic and Ceramic Coatings Deposited by Low-Pressure Cold Spraying: A Review, Coatings, 11, (2021); Latka L., Szala M., Macek W., Branco R., Mechanical Properties and Sliding Wear Resistance of Suspension Plasma Sprayed YSZ Coatings, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. 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Eng, 42, (2020); Taylor T.A., Overs M.P., Gill B.J., Tucker R.C., Experience with MCrAl and thermal barrier coatings produced via inert gas shrouded plasma deposition, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A Vac. Surf. Film, 3, pp. 2526-2531, (1985); Soltani R., Samadi H., Garcia E., Coyle T.W., Development of Alternative Thermal Barrier Coatings for Diesel Engines, (2005); Chun G., Jianmin C., Rungang Y., Jiansong Z., Microstructure and high temperature wear resistance of laser cladding NiCoCrAlY/ZrB2 coating, Rare Met. Mater. Eng, 42, pp. 1547-1551, (2013); Wang W., Li J., Ge Y., Kong D., Structural characteristics and high-temperature tribological behaviors of laser cladded NiCoCrAlY–B4 C composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. 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Perform, 30, pp. 7195-7212, (2021)",,MDPI,19961944,,,Mater.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85121748597 ,Chernin L.; Guobys R.; Vilnay M.,"Chernin, Leon (7006691464); Guobys, Raimondas (57210864540); Vilnay, Margi (57053345000)",7006691464; 57210864540; 57053345000,Factors affecting the procedure for testing cavitation erosion of GFRP composites using an ultrasonic transducer,2023,Wear,530-531,,205059,,,,2,10.1016/j.wear.2023.205059,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165985087&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2023.205059&partnerID=40&md5=da3bd614ee93dc37e864de59d055cefd,"In many marine applications, glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are exposed to adverse environmental effects including cavitation. Prolonged exposure to cavitation can damage GFRP composite surfaces that would eventually require repairing or replacing marine device components. This study initially investigates the deterioration of GFRP composite and its constituent materials (i.e., epoxy and glass) by cavitation erosion. The cavitation cloud is produced by an ultrasonic transducer, and cavitation erosion tests adhered to ASTM G32-16 standard. It is shown that the erosion process of GFRP composite has characteristics of both epoxy and glass. The second part of this study investigates the effect of several parameters associated with the experimental setup, testing procedure and material properties on ultrasonic cavitation erosion of GFRP composite. These parameters include gas content in testing liquid, type of specimen support, specimen water absorption, acoustic impedance, and tensile strength. It is reported that specimen edge treatment influenced water absorption, specimen preconditioning was important for accurate recording of erosion damage accumulation, acoustic impedance and tensile strength were directly correlated with erosion damage, while the cavitation erosion process of GFRP composite was mostly insensitive to gas content in testing liquid but was significantly affected by the type of specimen support. © 2023 The Authors",Experimental setup and procedure; Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite; Specimen material properties; Ultrasonic cavitation erosion,Acoustic impedance; Deterioration; Erosion; Glass fibers; Marine applications; Reinforcement; Tensile strength; Tensile testing; Ultrasonic transducers; Water absorption; Epoxy; Erosion damage; Erosion process; Experimental setup and procedure; Exposed to; Gas content; Glass-fiber reinforced polymer composites; Specimen material property; Ultrasonic cavitation; Ultrasonic cavitation erosion; Cavitation,"Chernin L., Val D., Probabilistic prediction of cavitation on rotor blades of tidal stream turbines, Renew. Energy, 113, pp. 688-696, (2017); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); Hammond D., Amateau M., Queeney R., Cavitation erosion performance of fiber reinforced composites, J. Compos. Mater., 27, 16, pp. 1522-1544, (1993); Caccese V., Light K., Berube K., Cavitation erosion resistance of various material systems, Ships Offshore Struct., 1, 4, pp. 309-322, (2006); Yamatogi T., Murayama H., Uzawa K., Kageyama K., Watanabe N., Study on cavitation erosion of composite materials for marine propeller, ICCM-1, (2009); Guobys R., Rodriguez A., Chernin L., Cavitation erosion performance of unidirectional glass fibre reinforced composites, Compos. B Eng., 177, 15 November, (2019); Hattori S., Itoh T., Cavitation erosion resistance of plastics, Wear, 271, 7-8, pp. 1103-1108, (2011); Rahman N., Hassan A., Yahya R., Lafia-Araga R., Impact properties of glass-fiber/polypropylene composites: the influence of fiber loading, specimen geometry and test temperature, Fibers Polym., 14, 11, pp. 1877-1885, (2013); Minnaert M., XVI. On musical air-bubbles and the sounds of running water, London, Edinburgh Dublin Phil. Mag. J. Sci., 16, 104, pp. 235-248, (1933); Feng H., Barbosa-Canovas G., Weiss J., Ultrasound Technologies for Food and Bioprocessing, (2011); Bai L., Xu W., Zhang F., Li N., Zhang Y., Huang D., Cavitation characteristics of pit structure in ultrasonic field, Sci. 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Mater., 46, 25, pp. 3151-3162, (2012); Sathishkumar T., Satheeshkumar S., Naveen J., Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites - a review, J. Reinforc. Plast. Compos., 33, 13, pp. 1258-1275, (2014); Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials, (2014); Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics, (2015); Alvarez Franco F.J., Fundamentals of airborne acoustic positioning systems, Intelligent Data-Centric Systems, Geographical and Fingerprinting Data to Create Systems for Indoor Positioning and Indoor/Outdoor Navigation, 2019, pp. 335-351, (2019); Chi S., Park J., Shon M., Study on cavitation erosion resistance and surface topologies of various coating materials used in shipbuilding industry, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, pp. 384-389, (2015); Wallenberger F., Bingham P., Fiberglass and Glass Technology, (2010); Bohm H., Betz S., Ball A., The wear resistance of polymers, Tribol. Int., 23, 6, pp. 399-406, (1990)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85165985087 ,Roa C.V.; Valdes J.A.; Larrahondo F.; Rodríguez S.A.; Coronado J.J.,"Roa, C.V. (56736483200); Valdes, J.A. (35201978100); Larrahondo, F. (57189349606); Rodríguez, S.A. (26425236600); Coronado, J.J. (14621581300)",56736483200; 35201978100; 57189349606; 26425236600; 14621581300,Comparison of the Resistance to Cavitation Erosion and Slurry Erosion of Four Kinds of Surface Modification on 13-4 Ca6NM Hydro-Machinery Steel,2021,Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,30,10,,7195,7212,17,16,10.1007/s11665-021-05908-9,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107513747&doi=10.1007%2fs11665-021-05908-9&partnerID=40&md5=8543d9246527352a1a7bc70ff69ef0c8,"The cavitation and slurry jet erosion resistance of surface-coated and thermochemically treated CA6NM 13-4 steel were evaluated in this work. The cavitation erosion experiments followed the ASTM G32 standard, while the slurry jet erosion tests were performed using a homemade tribometer. CA6NM steel was used as substrate and as reference material for all wear experiments. The surface treatments included plasma nitriding and salt bath nitro-carburization, while the coatings evaluated were thermal-sprayed WC-10Co4Cr and a commercial grade elastomeric coating. The microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the mechanical properties were estimated by nanoindentation. From the results analysis, it was found that the plasma nitriding permitted high improvement against slurry jet erosion, similarly to the WC-10Co4Cr coating. Moreover, the thermochemical treatments of plasma nitriding and salt bath nitrocarburizing showed better increments of cavitation resistance when compared to the coatings evaluated. Based on these findings, comments on the challenges involved in the manufacture route for hydropower runners with enhanced performance against wear are included. © 2021, ASM International.",13-4 CA6NM steel; cavitation erosion; HVOF coating; plasma nitriding; salt bath nitrocarburizing; slurry erosion; turbomachinery,Aluminum nitride; Cavitation; Erosion; Machinery; Nitriding; Nitrogen plasma; Plasma applications; Scanning electron microscopy; Sprayed coatings; Wear of materials; Cavitation resistance; Commercial grade; Elastomeric coatings; Erosion experiments; Erosion resistance; Reference material; Thermo-chemically; Thermochemical treatments; Surface resistance,"Gohil P.P., Saini R., Coalesced Effect of Cavitation and Silt Erosion in Hydro Turbines—A Review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 33, pp. 280-289, (2014); Dorji U., Ghomashchi R., Hydro Turbine Failure Mechanisms: An Overview, Eng. Fail. Anal., 44, pp. 136-147, (2014); Padhy M.K., Saini R., A Review on Silt Erosion in Hydro Turbines, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 12, 7, pp. 1974-1987, (2008); Sangal S., Singhal M., Saini R., Hydro-abrasive Erosion in Hydro Turbines: A Review, Int. J. Green Energy, 15, 4, pp. 232-253, (2018); Teran L., Et al., Failure Analysis of a Run-of-the-river Hydroelectric Power Plant, Eng. Fail. Anal., 68, pp. 87-100, (2016); Lopez D., Zapata J., Sepulveda M., Hoyos E., Toro A., The Role of Particle Size and Solids Concentration on the Transition From Moderate to Severe Slurry Wear Regimes of ASTM A743 Gr ade CA6NM Stainless Steel, Tribol. Int., 127, pp. 96-107, (2018); Espitia L., Toro A., Cavitation Resistance, Microstructure and Surface Topography of Materials Used for Hydraulic Components, Tribol. Int., 43, 11, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Garcia G., Lopez-Rios V., Espinosa A., Abenojar J., Velasco F., Toro A., Cavitation Resistance of Epoxy-Based Multilayer Coatings: Surface Damage and Crack Growth Kinetics During the Incubation Stage, Wear, 316, 1-2, pp. 124-132, (2014); Romo S., Santa J., Giraldo J., Toro A., Cavitation and High-Velocity Slurry Erosion Resistance of Welded Stellite 6 Alloy, Tribol. Int., 47, pp. 16-24, (2012); Santa J., Blanco J., Giraldo J., Toro A., Cavitation Erosion of Martensitic and Austenitic Stainless Steel Welded Coatings, Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Santa J., Espitia L., Blanco J., Romo S., Toro A., Slurry and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Thermal Spray Coatings, Wear, 267, 1-4, pp. 160-167, (2009); Mann B., Arya V., Abrasive and Erosive Wear Characteristics of Plasma Nitriding and HVOF Coatings: Their Application in Hydro Turbines, Wear, 249, 5-6, pp. 354-360, (2001); Singh H., Goyal K., Goyal D.K., Experimental Investigations on Slurry Erosion Behaviour of HVOF and HVOLF Sprayed Coatings on Hydraulic Turbine Steel, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 70, 6, pp. 1585-1592, (2017); Prashar G., Vasudev H., Thakur L., Brunatto S., Performance of Different Coating Materials Against Slurry Erosion Failure in Hydrodynamic Turbines: A Review, Eng. Failure Anal., 115, (2014); Allenstein A., Lepienski C., Buschinelli A.D.A., Brunatto S., Improvement of the Cavitation Erosion Resistance for Low-Temperature Plasma Nitrided CA-6NM Martensitic Stainless Steel, Wear, 309, 1-2, pp. 159-165, (2014); Espitia L., Varela L., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Low Temperature Plasma Nitrided Martensitic Stainless Steel, Wear, 301, 1-2, pp. 449-456, (2013); Manisekaran T., Kamaraj M., Sharrif S., Joshi S., Slurry Erosion Studies on Surface Modified 13Cr-4Ni Steels: Effect of Angle of Impingement and Particle Size, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 16, 5, pp. 567-572, (2007); Huang R., Wang J., Zhong S., Li M., Xiong J., Fan H., Surface Modification of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel by Low Temperature Salt Bath Nitrocarburizing at 430 C, Appl. Surf. Sci., 271, pp. 93-97, (2013); Grewal H., Arora H., Singh H., Agrawal A., Surface Modification of Hydroturbine Steel Using Friction Stir Processing, Appl. Surf. Sci., 268, pp. 547-555, (2013); Kishor B., Chaudhari G., Nath S., Cavitation Erosion of Thermomechanically Processed 13/4 Martensitic Stainless Steel, Wear, 319, 1-2, pp. 150-159, (2014); Mann B., High-Energy Particle Impact Wear Resistance of Hard Coatings and Their Application in Hydroturbines, Wear, 237, 1, pp. 140-146, (2000); Krella A., Cavitation Erosion of Monolayer PVD Coatings–An Influence of Deposition Technique on the Degradation Process, Wear, 478, (2021); Latka L., Michalak M., Szala M., Walczak M., Sokolowski P., Ambroziak A., Influence of 13 wt% TiO2 Content in Alumina-titania Powders on Microstructure, Sliding Wear and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of APS Sprayed Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 410, (2021); Szala M., Latka L., Awtoniuk M., Winnicki M., Michalak M., Neural Modelling of APS Thermal Spray Process Parameters for Optimizing the Hardness, Porosity and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 Coatings, Processes, 8, 12, (2020); Azar G.T.P., Yelkarasi C., Urgen M., The Role of Droplets on the Cavitation Erosion Damage of TiN Coatings Produced with Cathodic Arc Physical Vapor Deposition, Surf. Coat. Technol., 322, pp. 211-217, (2017); Teran L., Et al., Analysis of Economic Impact From Erosive Wear by Hard Particles in a Run-of-the-river Hydroelectric Plant, Energy, 113, pp. 1188-1201, (2016); Liu X., Luo Y., Karney B.W., Wang W., A Selected Literature Review of Efficiency Improvements in Hydraulic Turbines, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 51, pp. 18-28, (2015); Kumar P., Saini R., Study of Cavitation in Hydro Turbines—A Review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 14, 1, pp. 374-383, (2010); Trautwein A., Gysel W., Influence of long-time aging of CF8 and CF8M cast steel at temperatures between 300 and 500 C on impact toughness and structural properties, Stainless Steel Castings: ASTM International, pp. 165-189, (1982); Allenstein A., Lepienski C., Buschinelli A., Brunatto S., Plasma Nitriding Using High H2 Content Gas Mixtures for a Cavitation Erosion Resistant Steel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 277, pp. 15-24, (2013); Schramm B., Dwars A., Kuhl A., Do Coatings Protect Against Corrosion and Wear?, World Pumps, 2005, 470, pp. 32-38, (2005); Correa C., Garcia G., Garcia A., Bejarano W., Guzman A., Toro A., Wear Mechanisms of Epoxy-Based Composite Coatings Submitted to Cavitation, Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 2274-2279, (2011); Allenstein A., Et al., Strong Evidences of Tempered Martensite-to-nitrogen-expanded Austenite Transformation in CA-6NM Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 552, pp. 569-572, (2012); Yan J., Et al., Microstructure and Properties of SAE 2205 Stainless Steel After Salt Bath Nitrocarburizing at 450 °C, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 23, 4, pp. 1157-1164, (2014); Prakash G., Nath S., Studies on Enhancement of Silt Erosion Resistance of 13/4 Martensitic Stainless Steel by Low-Temperature Salt Bath Nitriding, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 27, 7, pp. 3206-3216, (2018); Sugiyama K., Nakahama S., Hattori S., Nakano K., Slurry Wear and Cavitation Erosion of Thermal-Sprayed Cermets, Wear, 258, 5-6, pp. 768-775, (2005); Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken PA, (2009); Staia M., Et al., Effect of Substrate Roughness Induced by Grit Blasting Upon Adhesion of WC-17% Co Thermal Sprayed Coatings, Thin Solid Films, 377, pp. 657-664, (2000); Amada S., Hirose T., Influence of Grit Blasting Pre-Treatment on the Adhesion Strength of Plasma Sprayed Coatings: Fractal Analysis of Roughness, Surf. Coat. 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Coat., 7, (2017); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.D.A., Brunatto S.F., Plasma Nitriding of CA-6NM Steel: Effect of H2+ N2 gas Mixtures in Nitride Layer Formation for Low N2 Contents at 500°C, Mater. Res., 13, 4, pp. 557-562, (2010); Hernandez-Rengifo E., Rodriguez S.A., Coronado J.J., Improving Fatigue Strength of Hydromachinery 13Cr-4Ni CA6NM Steel with Nitriding and Thermal Spraying Surface Treatments, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 44, 4, pp. 1059-1072, (2021); Dossett J., Totten G., Introduction to Surface Hardening of Steels, ASM Handbook, 4, pp. 389-398, (2013); Shanmugavel P., Bhaskar G., Chandrasekaran M., Mani P., Srinivasan S., An Overview of Fracture Analysis in Functionally Graded Materials, Eur. J. Sci. Res., 68, 3, pp. 412-439, (2012); Saeidi S., Voisey K., McCartney D., Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of VPS and HVOF CoNiCrAlY Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 20, 6, pp. 1231-1243, (2011); Taillon G., Et al., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms in Stainless Steels and in Composite Metal–Ceramic HVOF Coatings, Wear, 364, pp. 201-210, (2016); Thakur L., Arora N., A Study on Erosive Wear Behavior of HVOF Sprayed Nanostructured WC-CoCr Coatings, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 27, 5, pp. 1461-1467, (2013); Jegou S., Kubler R., Barrallier L., On residual stresses development during nitriding of steel: Thermochemical and time dependence, Advanced Materials Research, 89-91, pp. 256-261, (2010); Arndt R.E., Ippen A.T., Rough Surface Effects on Cavitation Inception, Journal of Basic Engineering, 90, 2, pp. 249-261, (1968); Thiruvengadam A., Waring S., Mechanical Properties of Metals and Their Cavitation Damage Resistance, pp. 1-14, (1964); Soyama H., Surface Mechanics Design of Metallic Materials on Mechanical Surface Treatments, Mech. Eng. Rev., 2, 1, (2015); Hong C.-C., Stern M., The Computation of Stress Intensity Factors in Dissimilar Materials, J. Elast., 8, 1, pp. 21-34, (1978); Stachowiak G., Batchelor A.W., Engineering tribology, (2013)",,Springer,10599495,,JMEPE,J Mater Eng Perform,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85107513747 ,Szala M.; Łatka L.; Walczak M.; Winnicki M.,"Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Łatka, Leszek (36661124200); Walczak, Mariusz (26435581200); Winnicki, Marcin (37462588100)",56545535000; 36661124200; 26435581200; 37462588100,"Comparative study on the cavitation erosion and sliding wear of cold-sprayed al/al2o3 and cu/al2o3 coatings, and stainless steel, aluminium alloy, copper and brass",2020,Metals,10,7,856,1,25,24,56,10.3390/met10070856,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087183364&doi=10.3390%2fmet10070856&partnerID=40&md5=3341fab9170f1f9ee00af14774b8f826,"The paper investigates the cavitation erosion (CE) and sliding wear (SW) resistance of cold-sprayed Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 composites and studies them in relation to a set of metallic materials such as aluminium alloy (AlCu4Mg1), pure copper (Cu110), brass (CuZn40Pb2) and stainless steel (AISI 304). The coatings were deposited on stainless steel by low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) using Al (40 wt.%) and Cu (50 wt.%) blended with Al2O3 (60 and 50 wt.%, respectively) feedstocks. CE resistance was estimated by the stationary sample method according to the ASTM G32 standard. The SW test was conducted using a ball-on-disc tester with compliance to the ASTM G99 standard. Results obtained for the LPCS coatings show that the Cu/Al2O3 coating exhibits a denser structure but lower adhesion and microhardness than Al/Al2O3. The Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 resistance to cavitation is lower than for bulk alloys; however, composites present higher sliding wear resistance to that of AlCu4Mg1, CuZn40Pb2 and stainless steel. The CE wear mechanisms of LPCS composites start at the structural discontinuities and non-uniformities. The cavitation erosion degradation mechanism of Al/Al2O3 relies on chunk material detachment while that of Cu/Al2O3 initiates by alumina removal and continues as layer-like Cu-metallic material removal. CE damage of metal alloys relies on the fatigue-induced removal of deformed material. The SW mechanism of bulk alloys has a dominant adhesive mode. The addition of Al2O3 successfully reduces the material loss of LPCS composites but increases the friction coefficient. Coatings’ wear mechanism has an adhesive-abrasive mode. In both CE and SW environment, the behaviour of the cold-sprayed Cu/Al2O3 composite is much more promising than that of the Al/Al2O3. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",Alumina; Aluminium; Cavitation erosion; Cold spray; Composite; Copper; Failure mechanism; Friction coefficient; MMC; Sliding; Wear,,"Wen S., Huang P., Principles of Tribology, (2012); Tomkow J., Czuprynski A., Fydrych D., The abrasive wear resistance of coatings manufactured on high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) offshore steel in wet welding conditions, Coatings, 10, (2020); Al-Hamed A., Al-Fadhli H.Y., Al-Mutairi S., Yilbas B.S., Hashmi M.S.J., Stokes J., Investigation of HVOF thermal sprayed nanostructured WC-12Co mixed with Inconel-625 coatings for oil/gas applications, Surface Effects and Contact Mechanics XI; WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences, 78, pp. 215-225, (2013); Szala M., Szafran M., Macek W., Marchenko S., Hejwowski T., Abrasion resistance of S235, S355, C45, AISI 304 and Hardox 500 steels with usage of garnet, corundum and carborundum abrasives, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 13, pp. 151-161, (2019); Krebs S., Gaertner F., Klassen T., Cold spraying of Cu-Al-Bronze for cavitation protection in marine environments, Mater. Werkst, 45, pp. 708-716, (2014); Hou B.-R., Zhang J., Duan J.-Z., Li Y., Zhang J.-L., Corrosion of thermally sprayed zinc and aluminium coatings in simulated splash and tidal zone conditions, Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol, 38, pp. 157-160, (2003); Verna E., Biagi R., Kazasidis M., Galetto M., Bemporad E., Lupoi R., Modeling of erosion response of cold-sprayed In718-Ni composite coating using full factorial design, Coatings, 10, (2020); Zakrzewska D.E., Krella A.K., Cavitation erosion resistance influence of material properties, Adv. Mater. Sci, 19, pp. 18-34, (2019); Du J., Zhang J., Zhang C., Effect of heat treatment on the cavitation erosion performance of WC–12Co coatings, Coatings, 9, (2019); Szymanski K., Hernas A., Moskal G., Myalska H., Thermally sprayed coatings resistant to erosion and corrosion for power plant boilers—A review, Surf. Coat. Technol, 268, pp. 153-164, (2015); Zoei M.S., Sadeghi M.H., Salehi M., Effect of grinding parameters on the wear resistance and residual stress of HVOF-deposited WC–10Co–4Cr coating, Surf. Coat. Technol, 307, pp. 886-891, (2016); Goyal D.K., Singh H., Kumar H., Sahni V., Slurry erosive wear evaluation of HVOF-spray Cr2O3 coating on some turbine steels, J. Therm. Spray Technol, 21, pp. 838-851, (2012); Singh J., Kumar S., Mohapatra S.K., An erosion and corrosion study on thermally sprayed WC-Co-Cr powder synergized with Mo2C/Y2O3/ZrO2 feedstock powders, Wear, pp. 438-439, (2019); Lavigne S., Pougoum F., Savoie S., Martinu L., Klemberg-Sapieha J.E., Schulz R., Cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF CaviTec coatings, Wear, pp. 90-98, (2017); Koga G.Y., Wolf W., Schulz R., Savoie S., Bolfarini C., Kiminami C.S., Botta W.J., Corrosion and wear properties of FeCrMnCoSi HVOF coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 357, pp. 993-1003, (2019); Yang K., Li J., Wang Q., Li Z., Jiang Y., Bao Y., Effect of laser remelting on microstructure and wear resistance of plasma sprayed Al2O3-40% TiO2 coating, Wear, pp. 314-318, (2019); Yang K., Rong J., Feng J., Zhuang Y., Zhao H., Wang L., Ni J., Tao S., Shao F., Ding C., Excellent wear resistance of plasma-sprayed amorphous Al2O3–Y3Al5O12 ceramic coating, Surf. Coat. 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Sci, 66, pp. 301-310, (2018); Sun W., Tan A.W.-Y., Wu K., Yin S., Yang X., Marinescu I., Liu E., Post-process treatments on supersonic cold sprayed coatings: A review, Coatings, 10, (2020); Koivuluoto H., Larjo J., Marini D., Pulci G., Marra F., Cold-sprayed Al6061 coatings: Online spray monitoring and influence of process parameters on coating properties, Coatings, 10, (2020); Meng F., Yue S., Song J., Quantitative prediction of critical velocity and deposition efficiency in cold-spray: A finite-element study, Scr. Mater, 107, pp. 83-87, (2015); Kumar S., Vidyasagar V., Jyothirmayi A., Joshi S.V., Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and corrosion performance of cold-sprayed tantalum coatings, J. Therm. Spray Techol, 25, pp. 745-756, (2016); Zhang Y., Shockley J.M., Vo P., Chromik R.R., Tribological behavior of a cold-sprayed Cu–MoS2 composite coating during dry sliding wear, Tribol. 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Technol, 324, pp. 190-200, (2017); Chen W., Yu Y., Cheng J., Wang S., Zhu S., Liu W., Yang J., Microstructure, mechanical properties and dry sliding wear behavior of Cu-Al2O3-graphite solid-lubricating coatings deposited by low-pressure cold spraying, J. Therm. Spray Techol, 27, pp. 1652-1663, (2018); Zhang Y., Choudhuri D., Scharf T.W., Descartes S., Chromik R.R., Tribologically induced nanolaminate in a cold-sprayed WC-reinforced Cu matrix composite: A key to high wear resistance, Mater. Des, 182, (2019); Zhang L., Yang S., Lv X., Jie X., Wear and corrosion resistance of cold-sprayed Cu-based composite coatings on magnesium substrate, J. Therm. Spray Techol, 28, pp. 1212-1224, (2019); Jenkins R., Yin S., Aldwell B., Meyer M., Lupoi R., New insights into the in-process densification mechanism of cold spray Al coatings: Low deposition efficiency induced densification, J. Mater. Sci. Technol, 35, pp. 427-431, (2019); Wang Y., Normand B., Suo X., Planche M.-P., Liao H., Tang J., Cold-sprayed AZ91D coating and SiC/AZ91D composite coatings, Coatings, 8, (2018); Wang Y., Normand B., Liao H., Zhao G., Mary N., Tang J., SiCp/Al5056 composite coatings applied to a magnesium substrate by cold gas dynamic spray method for corrosion protection, Coatings, 10, (2020); Winnicki M., Malachowska A., Piwowarczyk T., Rutkowska-Gorczyca M., Ambroziak A., The bond strength of Al + Al2O3 cermet coatings deposited by low-pressure cold spraying, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng, 16, pp. 743-752, (2016); Cong D., Li Z., He Q., Chen H., Zhao Z., Zhang L., Wu H., Wear behavior of corroded Al-Al2O3 composite coatings prepared by cold spray, Surf. Coat. Technol, 326, pp. 247-254, (2017); Chen X., Li C., Xu S., Hu Y., Ji G., Wang H., Microstructure and microhardness of Ni/Al-TiB2 composite coatings prepared by cold spraying combined with postannealing treatment, Coatings, 9, (2019); Hu H.X., Jiang S.L., Tao Y.S., Xiong T.Y., Zheng Y.G., Cavitation erosion and jet impingement erosion mechanism of cold sprayed Ni–Al2O3 coating, Nucl. Eng. Des, 241, pp. 4929-4937, (2011); Lu X., Wang S., Xiong T., Wen D., Wang G., Du H., Anticorrosion properties of Zn–Al composite coating prepared by cold spraying, Coatings, 9, (2019); Wang K., Wang S., Xiong T., Wen D., Wang G., Liu W., Du H., Protective performance of Zn-Al-Mg-TiO2 coating prepared by cold spraying on marine steel equipment, Coatings, 9, (2019); Winnicki M., Malachowska A., Rutkowska-Gorczyca M., Sokolowski P., Ambroziak A., Pawlowski L., Characterization of cermet coatings deposited by low-pressure cold spraying, Surf. Coat. 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Technol, 235, pp. 108-116, (2013); Pitchuka S.B., Boesl B., Zhang C., Lahiri D., Nieto A., Sundararajan G., Agarwal A., Dry sliding wear behavior of cold sprayed aluminum amorphous/nanocrystalline alloy coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 238, pp. 118-125, (2014); Kazasidis M., Yin S., Cassidy J., Volkov-Husovic T., Vlahovic M., Martinovic S., Kyriakopoulou E., Lupoi R., Microstructure and cavitation erosion performance of nickel-Inconel 718 composite coatings produced with cold spray, Surf. Coat. Technol, 382, (2020); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Abrasion, erosion and cavitation erosion wear properties of thermally sprayed alumina based coatings, Coatings, 4, pp. 18-36, (2014); Matikainen V., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., A study of Cr3C2-based HVOF-and HVAF-sprayed coatings: Abrasion, dry particle erosion and cavitation erosion resistance, Wear, pp. 446-447, (2020); Szala M., Walczak M., Pasierbiewicz K., Kaminski M., Cavitation erosion and sliding wear mechanisms of AlTiN and TiAlN films deposited on stainless steel substrate, Coatings, 9, (2019); Michalak M., Latka L., Sokolowski P., Niemiec A., Ambroziak A., The microstructure and selected mechanical properties of Al2O3 + 13 wt.% TiO2 plasma sprayed coatings, Coatings, 10, (2020); Latka L., Szala M., Michalak M., Palka T., Impact of atmospheric plasma spray parameters on cavitation erosion resistance of Al2O3-13%TiO2 coatings, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, pp. 342-347, (2019); ASTM G32-10: Standard Test. Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); ASTM G99-95a: Standard Test. Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus, (2000); Walczak M., Pieniak D., Niewczas A.M., Effect of recasting on the useful properties CoCrMoW alloy, Eksploat. Niezawodn. Maint. Reliab, 16, pp. 330-336, (2014); Davis J.R., Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, (2004); Yu M., Li W., Metal matrix composite coatings by cold spray, Cold-Spray Coatings: Recent Trends and Future perspectives, pp. 297-318, (2018); Kubatik T.F., Pala Z., Neufuss K., Vilemova M., Musalek R., Stoulil J., Slepicka P., Chraska T., Metallurgical bond between magnesium AZ91 alloy and aluminium plasma sprayed coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 282, pp. 163-170, (2015); Torres B., Taltavull C., Lopez A.J., Campo M., Rams J., Al/SiCp and Al11Si/SiCp coatings on AZ91 magnesium alloy by HVOF, Surf. Coat. Technol, 261, pp. 130-140, (2015); Abedini M., Reuter F., Hanke S., Corrosion and material alterations of a CuZn38Pb3 brass under acoustic cavitation, Ultrason. Sonochem, 58, (2019); Jourani A., Bouvier S., Friction and wear mechanisms of 316L stainless steel in dry sliding contact: Effect of abrasive particle size, Tribol. 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Sci. Technol, 25, pp. 758-766, (2009); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., A metallurgical approach to improved cavitation-erosion resistance, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 6, pp. 633-641, (1997); Krella A.K., Zakrzewska D.E., Marchewicz A., The resistance of S235JR steel to cavitation erosion, Wear, pp. 452-453, (2020); Dybowski B., Szala M., Hejwowski T.J., Kielbus A., Microstructural phenomena occurring during early stages of cavitation erosion of Al-Si aluminium casting alloys, Solid State Phenomena, 227, pp. 255-258, (2015); Bregliozzi G., Schino A.D., Ahmed S.I.-U., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Spencer K., Fabijanic D.M., Zhang M.-X., The use of Al–Al2O3 cold spray coatings to improve the surface properties of magnesium alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol, 204, pp. 336-344, (2009); Alotaibi J., Yousif B., Yusaf T., Wear behaviour and mechanism of different metals sliding against stainless steel counterface, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol, 228, pp. 692-704, (2014); Straffelini G., Molinari A., Trabucco D., Sliding wear of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 33, pp. 613-624, (2002)",,MDPI AG,20754701,,,Metals,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85087183364 Bordeasu,Mitelea I.; Bena T.; Bordeasu I.; Craciunescu C.M.,"Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bena, Traian (57193098582); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Craciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)",16309955100; 57193098582; 13409573100; 6603971254,"Relationships between microstructure, roughness parameters and ultrasonic cavitation erosion behaviour of nodular cast iron, EN-GJS-400-15",2018,Revista de Chimie,69,3,,612,617,5,4,10.37358/rc.18.3.6160,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045001639&doi=10.37358%2frc.18.3.6160&partnerID=40&md5=ab3bc9755c7b8fd9b5178085a3368159,"The main objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of microstructure on the degradation of nodular casting by cavitation erosion and the correlation of the surface wear parameters with the sizes that characterize the resistance opposite to the cavitation phenomenon. The cavitation tests were conducted on a vibrator with piezoceramic crystals, respecting the ASTM G32-2010 standard. Microstructural investigations on eroded surfaces were performed on the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscope, and the roughness measurements with the Mitutoyo apparatus. The obtained results have demonstrated the existence of a good correlation between the resistance to cavitation erosion and the roughness parameters Ra, Rz and Rt. © 2018 SYSCOM 18 S.R.L. All rights reserved.",Cavitation erosion; Nodular cast iron; Surface roughness,,"Shamanian M., Mousavi Abarghouie S.M.R., Mousavi Pour S.R., Effects of surface alloying on microstructure and wear behavior of ductile iron, Materials & Design, 31, 6, pp. 2760-2766, (2011); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitationala a Materialelor, (2006); Bena T., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., The effect of the softening annealing and of normalizing on the cavitation erosion rezistance of nodular cast iron FGN 400-15, International Conference on Metalurgy and Materials, pp. 653-658, (2016); Abboud J.H., Microstructure and erosion characteristic of nodular cast iron surface modified by tungsten inert gas, Materials & Design, 35, pp. 677-684, (2012); Podgornik B., Vizintin J., Thorbjornsson I., Johannesson B., Thorgrimsson J.T., Martinez Celis M., Valle N., Improvement of ductile iron wear resistance through local surface reinforcement, Wear, 274-275, pp. 267-273, (2012); Fernandez-Vicente A., Pellizzari M., Arias J.L., Feasibility of laser surface treatment of pearlitic and bainitic ductile irons for hot rolls, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212, 5, pp. 989-1002, (2012); Alabeedi K.F., Abboud J.H., Benyounis K.Y., Microstructure and erosion resistance enhancement of nodular cast iron by laser melting, Wear, 266, 9-10, pp. 925-933, (2009); Bena T., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C., The quenching -Tempering heat treatament and cavitation erosion resistance of nodular cast iron with ferrite - pearlite microstructure, Metal 2017, International Conference on Metalurgy and Materials, pp. 118-123, (2017); Heydarzadeh Sohi M., Ebrahimi M., Ghasemi H.M., Shahripour A., Microstructural study of surface melted and chromium surface alloyed ductile iron, Applied Surface Science, 258, 19, pp. 7348-7353, (2012); Sirbu Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Mitelea I., Utu I.D., Pirvulescu L.D., Nicusor A.N., Cavitation erosion of HVOF metal-ceramic composite coatings deposited onto duplex stainless steel substrate, Mat. Plast., 53, 4, (2016); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Utu I.D., Karancsi O., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of titanium alloys deposited by plasma s praying and remelted by laser, Mat. Plast, 53, 1, (2016); Benyounis K.Y., Fakron O.M.A., Abboud J.H., Olabi A.G., Hashmi M.J.S., Surface melting of nodular cast iron by Nd-YAG laser and TIG, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 170, 1-2, pp. 127-132, (2005); Zenker R., Buchwalder A., Ruthrich K., Griesbach W., Nagel K., First results of a new duplex surface treatment for cast iron: Electron beam remelting and plasma nitriding, Surface and Coatings Technology, 236, pp. 58-62, (2013); Yan H., Wang A., Xiong Z., Xu K., Huang Z., Microstructure and wear resistance of composite layers on a ductile iron with multicarbide by laser surface alloying, Applied Surface Science, 256, 3, pp. 7001-7009, (2010); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Craciunescu C.M., Microstructure and cavitation erosion resistance of the X2CrNiMoN22- 5-3 Duplex stainless steels subjected to laser nitriding, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 68, 12, (2017); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Pelle M., Carciunescu M.C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of nodular cast iron with ferrite-pearlite microstructure, Ultrasonic Sonochemistry, 23, pp. 385-390, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Lazar I., Micu L.M., Karancsi O., Cavitation erosion behaviour of cooper base layers deposited by hvof thermal spraying, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 68, 12, (2017)",,Syscom 18 SRL,347752,,RCBUA,Rev Chim,Article,Final,All Open Access; Bronze Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85045001639 ,Chernin L.; Guobys R.; Vilnay M.,"Chernin, Leon (7006691464); Guobys, Raimondas (57210864540); Vilnay, Margi (57053345000)",7006691464; 57210864540; 57053345000,Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of CFRP composites,2024,Wear,544-545,,205300,,,,0,10.1016/j.wear.2024.205300,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185297137&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2024.205300&partnerID=40&md5=88588e811685056e7164b44d1bb5a1cf,"To date, cavitation erosion of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites has attracted only limited scientific attention. This paper investigates this knowledge gap through a series of experiments, in which unidirectional and bidirectional (2x2 twill) CFRP composites were exposed to cavitation clouds produced by an ultrasonic transducer in distilled water. Both composites were bonded with epoxy resin. Cavitation erosion tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32-16 standard using a stationary specimen method. The effect of water absorption on monitoring erosion damage was studied using saturated and dry specimens. Specimen mass loss measurements and microscopy observations were done at regular intervals throughout testing. Erosion imprint topographies were studied using X-ray computed microtomography. Three distinct erosion stages were identified from the erosion process observations. Nonuniformities in surface geometry and properties facilitated nucleation and accelerated local erosion. Surface epoxy thickness, fibre diameter and packing, and thickness and layup of fibre bundles influenced the erosion process. The erosion mechanisms included cracking and debonding of epoxy, and tunnelling and trenching in fibre bundles. Research findings indicated that the composite internal structure can potentially be designed for reduced water absorption and increased erosion resistance. Acoustic impedance was most efficient in predicting material response to cavitation erosion. © 2024 The Authors",Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites; Material properties; Surface analysis; Ultrasonic cavitation erosion; X-ray microtomography (Micro-CT),,"Philipp A., Lauterborn W., Cavitation erosion by single laser-produced bubbles, J. Fluid Mech., 361, pp. 75-116, (1998); Dular M., Coutier-Delgosha O., Numerical modelling of cavitation erosion, Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluid., 61, 12, pp. 1388-1410, (2009); Karimi A., Franc J., Modeling of material response, Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction. Fluid Mechanics and its Applications 106, (2014); Peters A., Sagar H., Lantermann U., el Moctar O., Numerical modelling and prediction of cavitation erosion, Wear, 338-339, pp. 189-201, (2015); Roy S., Franc J., Fivel M., Cavitation erosion: using the target material as a pressure sensor, J. Appl. Phys., 118, 16, (2015); Chernin L., Val D., Probabilistic prediction of cavitation on rotor blades of tidal stream turbines, Renew. Energy, 113, pp. 688-696, (2017); Hammond D., Amateau M., Queeney R., Cavitation erosion performance of fiber reinforced composites, J. Compos. Mater., 27, 16, pp. 1522-1544, (1993); Yamatogi T., Murayama H., Uzawa K., Kageyama K., Watanabe N., Study on cavitation erosion of composite materials for marine propeller, Proceedings of the 17th International Committee on Composite Materials (ICCM-17) Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 27-31, (2009); Guobys R., Rodriguez A., Chernin L., Cavitation erosion performance of unidirectional glass fibre reinforced composites, Compos. B Eng., 177, 15 November, (2019); Chernin L., Guobys R., Vilnay M., Factors affecting the procedure for testing cavitation erosion of GFRP composites using an ultrasonic transducer, Wear, 530, 15 October, (2023); Pham-Thanh N., Tho H.V., Yum Y.J., Evaluation of cavitation erosion of a propeller blade surface made of composite materials, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 29, pp. 1629-1636, (2015); Sarlin E., Lindgren M., Suihkonen R., Siljander S., Kakkonen M., Vuorinen J., High-temperature slurry erosion of vinylester matrix composites – the effect of test parameters, Wear, 328-329, pp. 488-497, (2015); Suihkonen R., Lindgren M., Siljander S., Sarlin E., Vuorinen J., Erosion wear of vinylester matrix composites in aqueous and acidic environments at elevated temperatures, Wear, 358-359, pp. 7-16, (2016); Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials, (2017); Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness, (2015); Textile-glass-reinforced Plastics – Prepregs, Moulding Compounds and Laminates — Determination of the Textile-Glass and Mineral-Filler Content – Calcination Methods, (1996); Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materials, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); Dular M., (2014); Liao K., Schultheisz C., Hunston D., Long-term environmental fatigue of pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced composites under flexural loading, Int. J. Fatig., 21, 5, pp. 485-495, (1999); Buehler F., Seferis J., Effect of reinforcement and solvent content on moisture absorption in epoxy composite materials, Compos. Appl. Sci. Manuf., 31, 7, pp. 741-748, (2000); Ellyin F., Rohrbacher C., The influence of aqueous environment, temperature and cyclic loading on glass-fibre/epoxy composite laminates, J. Reinforc. Plast. Compos., 22, 7, pp. 615-636, (2003); Abdel-Magid B., Ziaee S., Gass K., Schneider M., The combined effects of load, moisture and temperature on the properties of E-glass/epoxy composites, Compos. Struct., 71, 3-4, pp. 320-326, (2005); Chow W., Water absorption of epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites, Express Polym. Lett., 1, 2, pp. 104-108, (2007); Chatterjee A., Gillespie J., Moisture absorption behaviour of epoxies and their S2 glass composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 108, 6, pp. 3942-3951, (2008); Mourad A., Abdel-Magid B., El-Maaddawy T., Grami M., Effect of seawater and warm environment on glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composites, Appl. Compos. Mater., 17, 5, pp. 557-573, (2010); Bian L., Xiao J., Zeng J., Xing S., Effects of seawater immersion on water absorption and mechanical properties of GFRP composites, J. Compos. Mater., 46, 25, pp. 3151-3162, (2012); Sathishkumar T., Satheeshkumar S., Naveen J., Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites - a review, J. Reinforc. Plast. Compos., 33, 13, pp. 1258-1275, (2014); Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics, (2015); Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials, (2014); Oyen M.L., Nanoindentation hardness of mineralized tissues, J. Biomech., 39, 14, pp. 2699-2702, (2006); Sun W.-J., Kothari S., Sun C.C., The relationship among tensile strength, Young's modulus, and indentation hardness of pharmaceutical compacts, Powder Technol., 331, pp. 1-6, (2018); Olawuni E.O., Durowoju M.O., Asafa T.B., Correlation between theoretical and experimental hardness, elastic modulus of discarded aluminium piston reinforced with zirconium diboride and snail shells, SN Appl. Sci., 2, (2020); Wallenberger F., Bingham P., Fiberglass and Glass Technology, (2010); Bai L., Xu W., Zhang F., Li N., Zhang Y., Huang D., Cavitation characteristics of pit structure in ultrasonic field, Sci. China E, 52, 7, pp. 1974-1980, (2009); Alvarez Franco F.J., Fundamentals of airborne acoustic positioning systems, Intelligent Data-Centric Systems, Geographical and Fingerprinting Data to Create Systems for Indoor Positioning and Indoor/Outdoor Navigation, pp. 335-351, (2019); Hattori S., Itoh T., Cavitation erosion resistance of plastics, Wear, 271, 7-8, pp. 1103-1108, (2011); Chi S., Park J., Shon M., Study on cavitation erosion resistance and surface topologies of various coating materials used in shipbuilding industry, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, pp. 384-389, (2015)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85185297137 ,Kim Y.J.; Jang J.W.; Lee D.W.; Yi S.,"Kim, Y.J. (56066905400); Jang, J.W. (56424615000); Lee, D.W. (56688702500); Yi, S. (14008383000)",56066905400; 56424615000; 56688702500; 14008383000,Porosity effects of a Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystals coating prepared by a commercial high velocity oxy-fuel process on cavitation erosion behaviors,2015,Metals and Materials International,21,4,,673,677,4,16,10.1007/s12540-015-4580-x,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938199781&doi=10.1007%2fs12540-015-4580-x&partnerID=40&md5=0c22b5bc0196ad91b5d2253b77ee815c,"Coatings with different porosities were prepared by controlling high velocity oxy-fuel process parameters. Pores were distributed homogeneously along the thickness of the coatings. Cavitation erosion rate of the coating was obtained by a vibratory cavitation equipment following ASTM G32 standard. As porosity of the coating increases, the cavitation erosion rate increases. Significantly high cavitation erosion rate was obtained in the early stage of the test for the coating with high porosity. As cavitation erosion test proceeds, the cavitation erosion rate tends to decrease. Cracks initiated in the surface pore area propagate along powder boundaries and merge to pores near surface. Due to the cracks, large coating parts consisting of a bunch of powders with good bonding were detached from the coating increasing the cavitation erosion rate. Corrosion products were preferentially formed on the pore areas enhancing the cavitation erosion rate. Consequently, pores near coating surface significantly accelerate the cavitation erosion rate through mechanical as well as chemical manners. © 2015, The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.",amorphous materials; corrosion; erosion; nanostructured materials; plasma deposition/spray,Amorphous materials; Cavitation; Chemical bonds; Coatings; Corrosion; Cracks; Fuels; Nanostructured materials; Porosity; Coating surface; Corrosion products; Erosion rates; High porosity; High velocity oxy fuel; Near surfaces; Porosity effect; Process parameters; Erosion,"Rebak R.B., Day S.D., Lian T., Hailey P.D., Farmer J.C., the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 39A, (2008); Telford M., Materials Today, 7, (2004); Li X.Y., Yan Y.G., Ma L., Xu Z.M., Li J.G., Mater. Sci. and Eng. 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Int.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84938199781 ,Szala M.; Walczak M.; Hejwowski T.,"Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Walczak, Mariusz (26435581200); Hejwowski, Tadeusz (6603174500)",56545535000; 26435581200; 6603174500,Factors Influencing Cavitation Erosion of NiCrSiB Hardfacings Deposited by Oxy-Acetylene Powder Welding on Grey Cast Iron,2021,Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal,15,4,,376,386,10,16,10.12913/22998624/143304,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121686973&doi=10.12913%2f22998624%2f143304&partnerID=40&md5=51fbbfee2e321cb5eb58c3d4dbf88ddd,"The study presents the results of cavitation erosion (CE) resistance of two NiCrSiB self-fluxing powders deposited by oxy-acetylene powder welding on cast iron substrate grade EN-GJL-200. The mean hardness of deposits A-NiCrSiB, C-NiCrSiB is equal to 908 HV, 399 HV and exceeds those of EN-GJL-200 and X5CrNi18-10 reference specimens 197 HV and 209 HV, respectively. To study CE, the vibratory apparatus has been used and tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32 standard. Cavitation eroded surfaces were examined using a profilom-eter, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The research indicated that the CE resistance, expressed by the cumulative mass loss decreased in the following order C-NiCrSiB > A-NiCrSiB > X5CrNi18-10 > EN-GJL-200. Therefore, hardfacings were characterised by lower cumulative mass loss, in turn, higher CE resistance than the reference sample and therefore they may be applied as layers to increase resistance to cavitation of cast iron machine components. Results indicate that in the case of multiphase materials, hardness cannot be the main indicator for CE damage prediction while it strongly depends on the initial material microstructure. To qualitatively estimate the cavitation erosion damage (CEd ) of NiCrSiB self-fluxing alloys at a specific test time, the following factors should be considered: material microstructure, physical and mechanical properties as well as surface morphology and material loss both estimated at specific exposure time. A general formula for the CEd prediction of NiCrSiB deposits was proposed. © 2021, Politechnika Lubelska. All rights reserved.",Cast iron; Cavitation erosion; Hardfacing; Hardness; NiCrSiB; Powder welding; Stainless steel; Surface engineering; Surface roughness,,"Cruz J.R., Henke S.L., d'Oliveira A.S.C.M., Effect of Cold Work on Cavitation Resistance of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Coating, Materials Research, 19, pp. 1033-1041, (2016); Nedeloni M.D., Birtarescu E., Nedeloni L., Ene T., Bara A., Clavac B., Cavitation Erosion and Dry Sliding Wear Research on X5CrNi18-10 Austen-itic Stainless Steel, IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng, 416, (2018); Szala M., Hejwowski T., Lenart I., Cavitation erosion resistance of Ni-Co based coatings, Adv Sci Technol Res J, 8, pp. 36-42, (2014); Szala M., Latka L., Awtoniuk M., Winnicki M., Michalak M., Neural Modelling of APS Thermal Spray Process Parameters for Optimizing the Hard-ness, Porosity and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 Coatings, Processes, 8, (2020); Singh J., Kumar S., Mohapatra S.K., An erosion and corrosion study on thermally sprayed WC-Co-Cr powder synergized with Mo2C/Y2O3/ZrO2 feed-stock powders, Wear, pp. 438-439, (2019); 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Part II: Cavitation erosion, Tribology in Industry, 36, pp. 375-383, (2014); Zeng C., Tian W., Liao W.H., Hua L., Microstructure and porosity evaluation in laser-cladding deposited Ni-based coatings, Surface and Coatings Technol-ogy, 294, pp. 122-130, (2016); Surface Coating; Nickel and Fe self-fluxing alloys for coatings n.d; Garcia A., Fernandez M.R., Cuetos J.M., Gonzalez R., Ortiz A., Cadenas M., Study of the Sliding Wear and Friction Behavior of WC + NiCrBSi Laser Cladding Coatings as a Function of Actual Con-centration of WC Reinforcement Particles in Ball-on-Disk Test, Tribol Lett, 63, (2016); Dilawary S.A.A., Motallebzadeh A., Atar E., Cimenoglu H., Influence of Mo on the high temperature wear performance of NiCrBSi hardfac-ings, Tribology International, 127, pp. 288-295, (2018); Wang Y., Stella J., Darut G., Poirier T., Liao H., Planche M.-P., APS prepared NiCrBSi-YSZ composite coatings for protection against cavitation erosion, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 699, pp. 1095-1103, (2017); Wu S.K., Lin H.C., Yeh C.H., A comparison of the cavitation erosion resistance of TiNi alloys, SUS304 stainless steel and Ni-based self-fluxing alloy, Wear, 244, pp. 85-93, (2000); Szala M., Hejwowski T., Cavitation erosion resistance of coating flame deposited with nickel base powder, Przegląd spawalnictwa-Welding Technology Review, 87, pp. 36-41, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavita-tion Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); (2019); Bergant Z., Grum J., Quality Improvement of Flame Sprayed, Heat Treated, and Remelted NiCrBSi Coatings, J Therm Spray Tech, 18, pp. 380-391, (2009); Sawa M., Szala M., Henzler W., Innovative device for tensile strength testing of welded joints: 3d modelling, FEM simulation and experimental validation of test rig – a case study, Applied Computer Science, 17, pp. 92-105, (2021); Szala M., Szafran M., Macek W., Marchenko S., Hejwowski T., Abrasion Resistance of S235, S355, C45, AISI 304 and Hardox 500 Steels with Usage of Garnet, Corundum and Carborundum Abrasives, Adv Sci Technol Res J, 13, pp. 151-161, (2019); Szala M., Application of computer image analysis software for determining incubation period of cavitation erosion – preliminary results, ITM Web Conf, 15, (2017); Chmiel J., Jasionowski R., Zasada D., Cavitation erosion and corrosion of pearlitic gray cast iron in non-standardized cavitation conditions, Solid State Phenomena, 225, pp. 19-24, (2015); Kim B.-H., Kim B.-H., Koo Y.-H., Seo J.-H., A Study on the Cavitation Corrosion of Gray Cast Iron Liner by Antifreeze, Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers, 16, pp. 76-82, (2017); Tzanakis I., Bolzoni L., Eskin D.G., Hadfield M., Evaluation of Cavitation Erosion Behavior of Commercial Steel Grades Used in the Design of Fluid Machinery, Metall Mater Trans A, 48, pp. 2193-2206, (2017); Szala M., Latka L., Walczak M., Winnicki M., Comparative Study on the Cavitation Erosion and Sliding Wear of Cold-Sprayed Al/Al2O3 and Cu/ Al2O3 Coatings, and Stainless Steel, Aluminium Alloy, Copper and Brass, Metals, 10, (2020); Li Z.X., Zhang L.M., Ma A.L., Hu J.X., Zhang S., Daniel E.F., Et al., Comparative study on the cavitation erosion behavior of two different rolling surfaces on 304 stainless steel, Tribology International, 159, (2021); Podulka P., Improved Procedures for Feature-Based Suppression of Surface Texture High-Frequency Measurement Errors in the Wear Analysis of Cyl-inder Liner Topographies, Metals, 11, (2021); Zagorski I., Kulisz M., Klonica M., Matuszak J., Trochoidal Milling and Neural Networks Simulation of Magnesium Alloys, Materials, 12, (2019); Macek W., Branco R., Trembacz J., Costa J.D., Ferreira J.A.M., Capela C., Effect of multiaxial bending-torsion loading on fracture surface parameters in high-strength steels processed by con-ventional and additive manufacturing, Engineering Failure Analysis, 118, (2020); Latka L., Szala M., Michalak M., Palka T., Impact of atmospheric plasma spray parameters on cavi-tation erosion resistance of Al2O3-13%TiO2 coat-ings, Acta Phys Pol A, 136, pp. 342-347, (2019); Zakrzewska D.E., Krella A.K., Cavitation Erosion Resistance Influence of Material Properties, Advances in Materials Science, 19, pp. 18-34, (2019); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Krella A.K., The new parameter to assess cavitation erosion resistance of hard PVD coatings, Engineering Failure Analysis, 18, pp. 855-867, (2011)",,Politechnika Lubelska,22998624,,,Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85121686973 ,Girelli L.; Tocci M.; Montesano L.; Gelfi M.; Pola A.,"Girelli, Luca (57195957406); Tocci, Marialaura (55797597700); Montesano, Lorenzo (36806747600); Gelfi, Marcello (6506974403); Pola, Annalisa (8616888900)",57195957406; 55797597700; 36806747600; 6506974403; 8616888900,Investigation of cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi10Mg alloy for additive manufacturing,2018,Wear,402-403,,,124,136,12,34,10.1016/j.wear.2018.02.018,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042189567&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2018.02.018&partnerID=40&md5=9251af49e0a2c1da87317e46e212d081,"This study investigates the cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi10Mg additive manufactured samples according to the ASTM G32 standard, in comparison with the cast ones. Samples were tested in different conditions in order to analyse the effect of T6 heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing, while cast samples were studied in as-cast and heat-treated conditions. It was found that additive manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy shows outstanding cavitation erosion resistance, in comparison to the cast alloy, mainly due to the ultra-fine microstructure. This superior performance of as-produced AlSi10Mg additive manufactured samples was demonstrated by the extremely limited mass loss and erosion rate measured during the tests, coupled with a remarkably long incubation stage. On the other hand, the heat treatment proves detrimental to the cavitation resistance of additive manufactured material due to the microstructure modification and pores enlargement. Hot isostatic pressing only partially improves the alloy performance. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion; Electron microscopy; Erosion testing; Non-ferrous metals; Optical microscopy,ASTM standards; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Electron microscopy; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Hot isostatic pressing; Microstructure; Optical microscopy; Sintering; Stainless steel; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation resistance; Erosion rates; Erosion testing; Heat treated condition; Microstructure modifications; T6 heat treatment; Ultra-fine microstructures; 3D printers,"Herzog D., Seyda V., Wycisk e E., Emmelmann C., Additive manufacturing of metals, Acta Mater., 117, pp. 371-392, (2016); Singh S., Ramakrishna e S., Singh R., Material issues in additive manufacturing: a review, J. Manuf. Process., 25, pp. 185-200, (2017); Frazler W.E., Metal additive manufacturing: a review, J. Mater. Eng. 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A, 97, pp. 641-649, (2009); Qiu C., Panwisawas C., Ward M., Basoalto H.C., Brooks e J.W., Attallah M.M., On the role of melt flow into the surface structure and porosity development during selective laser melting, Acta Mater., 96, pp. 72-79, (2015); Jagle E.A., Sheng Z., Wu L., Lin L., Risse J., Weisheit e A., Raabe D., Precipitation reactions in age-hardenable alloys during laser additive manufacturing, JOM, 68, 3, (2016); Seifeddine S., Poletaeva D., Ghorbani e M., Jarfors A., Heat treating of high pressure die cast components: challenges and possibilities, TMS Light Met., pp. 183-188, (2014); Takata N., Kodaira H., Sekizawa K., Suzuki e A., Kobashi M., Change in microstructure of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy with heat treatments, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 704, pp. 218-228, (2017); Moustafa M., Samuel e F., Doty H., Effect of solution heat treatment and additives on the microstructure of Al–Si (A413.1) automotive alloys, J. Mater. Sci., 38, pp. 4507-4522, (2003); Hovis S., Talia e J., Scattergood R., Erosion mechanisms in aluminum and Al-Si alloys, Wear, 107, 2, pp. 175-181, (1986); Abouel-Kasem A., Emara e K., Ahmed S., Characterizing cavitation erosion particles by analysis of SEM images, Tribology Int., 42, pp. 130-136, (2009); Aboulkhair N.T., Tuck C., Ashcroft I., Maskery e I., Everitt N.M., On the precipitation hardening of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 46A, pp. 3337-3341, (2015); Aboulkhair N.T., Maskery I., Tuck C., Ashcroft e I., Everitt N.M., The microstructure and mechanical properties of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg: the effect of a conventional T6-like heat treatment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 667, pp. 139-146, (2016)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85042189567 ,Szala M.; Chocyk D.; Turek M.,"Szala, M. (56545535000); Chocyk, D. (6603385686); Turek, M. (8328158400)",56545535000; 6603385686; 8328158400,Effect of Manganese Ion Implantation on Cavitation Erosion Resistance of HIPed Stellite 6,2022,Acta Physica Polonica A,142,6,,741,746,5,0,10.12693/APhysPolA.142.741,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149151331&doi=10.12693%2fAPhysPolA.142.741&partnerID=40&md5=ae2c443aacc79284b87adfcdcce28be5,"The paper studies the influence of manganese ion implantation on the cavitation erosion behaviour of the HIPed Stellite 6. The implantation process was conducted using implantation energy 175 keV, and the fluences of implanted ions were set at 5 ×1016 Mn+/cm2 and 1 ×1017 Mn+/cm2. The microstructure of the samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The cavitation erosion tests were carried out according to the ASTM G32 standard with the stationary specimens configuration. The cavitation erosion-damaged surfaces of unimplanted and implanted samples were qualitatively investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the phase development due to the ion implantation and cavitation erosion was analysed using the X-ray diffraction technique. The HIPed Stellite 6 microstructure is based on the cobalt-containing matrix consisting of γ (face-centred cubic) and ε (hexagonal close-packed) crystal structures and Cr7C3 chromium carbides. Generally, the applied implantation parameters have a minimal effect on the microstructure and erosion resistance. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows a negligible effect of implantation on the microstructure. The implantation using 1 × 1017 Mn+/cm2 seems the most promising for prolonging the cavitation erosion incubation stage as well as for minimalizing the material loss (30.4 mg) and erosion rate (1.8 mg/h); the unimplanted Stellite 6 shows these indicators at the comparable level of 34.5 mg and 2.0 mg/h, respectively. The study confirmed that cavitation loads induce the face-centred cubic to hexagonal close-packed phase transformation in the cobalt-based matrix. The cavitation erosion mechanism relies on the material loss initiated at the carbides/matrix interfaces. Deterioration starts with the cobalt matrix plastic deformation, weakening the restraint of Cr7C3 carbides in the metallic matrix. First, the deformed cobalt matrix and then hard carbides are removed at the interfaces. Further, the cobalt-based matrix undergoes cracking, accelerating material removal, pits formation, and craters growth. © 2022 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.",cobalt alloy; ion implantation; manganese; topics: cavitation erosion,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chromium alloys; Chromium compounds; Cobalt alloys; Deterioration; Erosion; Ion implantation; Manganese; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy; X ray powder diffraction; Cobalt-based; Face-centred cubic; Hexagonal close packed; Hexagonal close-packed; Ions implantation; Manganese ions; Material loss; matrix; Stellite 6; Topic: cavitation erosion; Carbides,"Kaminski M., Budzynski P., Szala M., Turek M., IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng, 421, (2018); Musiatowicz M., Turek M., Drozdziel A., Pyszniak K., Grudzinski W., Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 16, (2022); Morozow D., Siemiatkowski Z., Gevorkyan E., Rucki M., Matijosius J., Kilikevicius A., Caban J., Krzysiak Z., Materials, 13, (2020); Budzynski P., Filiks J., Zukowski P., Kiszczak K., Walczak M., Vacuum, 78, (2005); Morozow D., Barlak M., Werner Z., Et al., Materials, 14, (2021); Budzynski P., Kaminski M., Turek M., Wiertel M., Wear, pp. 456-457, (2020); Kunuku S., Chen C.-H., Hsieh P.-Y., Lin B.-R., Tai N.-H., Niu H., Appl. Phys. Lett, 114, (2019); Majid A., Ahmad N., Rizwan M., Khan S.U.-D., Ali F.A.A., Zhu J., J. Electron. Mater, 47, (2018); Budzynski P., Kaminski M., Surowiec Z., Wiertel M., Skuratov V.A., Korneeva E.A., Tribol. Int, 156, (2021); Verma S., Dubey P., Selokar A.W., Dwivedi D.K., Chandra R., Trans. Indian Inst. Met, 70, (2017); Wang F., Zhou C., Zheng L., Zhang H., Appl. Surf. Sci, 392, (2017); Sharkeev Yu.P., Kozlov E.V., Surf. Coat. Technol, pp. 158-159, (2002); Szala M., Chocyk D., Skic A., Kaminski M., Macek W., Turek M., Materials, 14, (2021); Qin Z., Li X., Xia D., Zhang Y., Feng C., Wu Z., Hu W., Ultrason. Sonoch, 89, (2022); Wang L., Qiu N., Hellmann D.-H., Zhu X., J. Mech. Sci. Technol, 30, (2016); Tang C.H., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 373, (2004); Szala M., Walczak M., Hejwowski T., Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, (2021); Fedorov A.V., Rymkevich A.I., Bazhenov V.V., Zubchenko A.S., Davydova N.V., Weld. Int, 29, (2015); Zhang Q., Wu L., Zou H., Li B., Zhang G., Sun J., Wang J., Yao J., J. Alloys Compd, 860, (2021); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Utu I.D., Karancsi O., Mater. Plast, 53, (2016); Jonda E., Szala M., Sroka M., Latka L., Walczak M., Appl. Surf. Sci, 608, (2023); Wei Z., Wu Y., Hong S., Cheng J., Qiao L., Cheng J., Zhu S., Ceram. Int, 47, (2021); Latka L., Michalak M., Szala M., Walczak M., Sokolowski P., Ambroziak A., Surf. Coat. Technol, 410, (2021); Szala M., Walczak M., Latka L., Gancarczyk K., Ozkan D., Adv. Mater. Sci, 20, (2020); Krella A.K., Wear, pp. 478-479, (2021); Roa C.V., Valdes J.A., Larrahondo F., Rodriguez S.A., Coronado J.J., J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 30, (2021); Karimi A., Acta Metall, 37, (1989); Turek M., Drozdziel A., Pyszniak K., Prucnal S., Maczka D., Yushkevich Yu.V., Vaganov Yu.A., Instrum. Exp. Tech, 55, (2012); Ziegler J.F., SRIM software package; Szala M., Dudek A., Maruszczyk A., Walczak M., Chmiel J., Kowal M., Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, (2019); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Ratia V.L., Zhang D., Carrington M.J., Daure J.L., McCartney D.G., Ship-way P.H., Stewart D.A., Wear, 1222, pp. 426-427, (2019); Malayoglu U., Neville A., Wear, 255, (2003); Houdkova S., Pala Z., Smazalova E., Vostrak M., Cesanek Z., Surf. Coat. Technol, 318, (2017); Nowakowska M., Latka L., Sokolowski P., Szala M., Toma F.-L., Walczak M., Wear, pp. 508-509, (2022); Szymanski L., Olejnik E., Sobczak J.J., Szala M., Kurtyka P., Tokarski T., Janas A., J. Mater. Process. Technol, 308, (2022)",,Polska Akademia Nauk,5874246,,ATPLB,Acta Phys Pol A,Article,Final,All Open Access; Bronze Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85149151331 ,Hibi M.; Inaba K.; Takahashi K.; Kishimoto K.; Hayabusa K.,"Hibi, M. (57092540700); Inaba, K. (16645900000); Takahashi, K. (57191158538); Kishimoto, K. (7102810577); Hayabusa, K. (6506920694)",57092540700; 16645900000; 57191158538; 7102810577; 6506920694,Effect of Tensile Stress on Cavitation Erosion and Damage of Polymer,2015,Journal of Physics: Conference Series,656,1,12049,,,,3,10.1088/1742-6596/656/1/012049,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956854896&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f656%2f1%2f012049&partnerID=40&md5=67d6d8cf56f75077ea3051efc285f8bd,"Cavitation erosion tests for epoxy, unsaturated polyester, polycarbonate, and acrylic resin were conducted under various tensile stress conditions (Tensile-Cavitation test). A new testing device was designed to conduct the Tensile-Cavitation test and observe specimen surface during the experiment based on ASTM G32. When tensile stress of 1.31 MPa was loaded on epoxy resin, cracks occurred on the specimen after 0.5 hours during cavitation erosion. When no tensile stress was loaded on the epoxy resin, the damage was general cavitation erosion only. As well as the epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin applied tensile stress of 1.31 MPa and polycarbonate resin of 6.54 MPa indicated erosion damages and cracks. When tensile stress of 6.54 MPa was loaded on acrylic resin, the erosion damage was almost the same as the results without tensile stress. We confirmed that anti-cavitation property of epoxy resin was higher than those of acrylic and polycarbonate without tensile stress while the damage of epoxy resin was much serious than that of acrylic resins under tensile stress loadings.",,Cavitation; Cracks; Epoxy resins; Erosion; Polycarbonates; Tensile stress; Tensile testing; Unsaturated polymers; Cavitation properties; Polycarbonate resins; Specimen surfaces; Stress condition; Stress loading; Testing device; Unsaturated polyester; Unsaturated polyester resin; Polyester resins,"Hattori S., Itoh T., Mori H., Cavitation erosion resistance of high polymer materials, Transactions of the JSME A, 71, 705, (2005); Soyama H., Kumano H., Saka M., A new parameter to predict cavitation erosion, CAV2001 A3, (2001); Richman R., McNaughton W., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, 1, pp. 63-82, (1990); Takahashi K., Arai D., Inaba K., Kishimoto K., Nakamoto H., Hayabusa K., Evaluation of anti-cavitation property of coating materials for structural repair, Turbo Kikai, 42, (2014); ASTM designation, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2005)",Farhat M.; Muller A.,Institute of Physics Publishing,17426588,,,J. Phys. Conf. Ser.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84956854896 Bordeasu,Mitelea I.; Mutașcu D.; Uțu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.; Bordeașu I.,"Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Mutașcu, Daniel (57215884439); Uțu, Ion-Dragoș (57987603600); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254); Bordeașu, Ilare (13409573100)",16309955100; 57215884439; 57987603600; 6603971254; 13409573100,Cavitation Erosion of the Austenitic Manganese Layers Deposited by Pulsed Current Electric Arc Welding on Duplex Stainless Steel Substrates,2024,Crystals,14,4,315,,,,0,10.3390/cryst14040315,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85191491491&doi=10.3390%2fcryst14040315&partnerID=40&md5=a84fbb53e357dab07fe8f614d0442eb1,"Fe-Mn-Cr-Ni alloys like Citomangan, delivered in the form of powders, tubular wires, and coated electrodes, are intended for welding deposition operations to create wear-resistant layers. Their main characteristic is their high capacity for surface mechanical work-hardening under high shock loads, along with high toughness and wear resistance. In order to increase the resistance to cavitation erosion, hardfacing of Duplex stainless steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 with Citomangan alloy was performed using a new welding technique, namely one that uses a universal TIG source adapted for manual welding with a coated electrode in pulsed current. Cavitation tests were conducted in accordance with the requirements of ASTM G32—2016 standard. Comparing the characteristic cavitation erosion parameters of the manganese austenitic layer, deposited by this new welding technique, with those of the reference steel, highlights an 8–11 times increase in its resistance to cavitation erosion. Metallographic investigations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as hardness measurements, were carried out to understand the cavitation phenomena. © 2024 by the authors.",cavitation erosion; duplex stainless steel; hardfacing by welding; manganese austenitic alloy,,"Whitesides R.W., Interesting Facts (and Myths) about Cavitation, 225, (2012); Zhao J., Ning L., Zhu J., Li Y., Investigation on Ultrasonic Cavitation Erosion of Aluminum–Titanium Alloys in Sodium Chloride Solution, Crystals, 11, (2021); Carlton J., Marine Propellers and Propulsion, pp. 209-250, (2012); Ghose J.P., Gokarn R.P., Basic Ship Propulsion, pp. 166-173, (2004); Fitch E.C., Machinery Lubrication. Chapter Cavitation Wear in Hydraulic Systems, (2011); Escaler X., Egusquiza E., Farhat M., Avellan F., Coussirat M., Detection of cavitation in hydraulic turbines, Mech. Syst. Signal Process, 20, pp. 983-1007, (2006); He Z., Qin Z., Gao Z., Wu Z., Hu W., Synergistic effect between cavitation erosion and corrosion of Monel K500 alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, Mater. Charact, 205, (2023); Zhao T., Wang L., Zhang S., Zhang C.H., Sun X.Y., Chen H.T., Bai X.L., Wu C.L., Effect of synergistic cavitation erosion-corrosion on cavitation damage of CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy layer by laser cladding, Surf. Coat. Technol, 472, (2023); Wang L., Mao J., Xue C., Ge H., Dong G., Zhang Q., Yao J., Cavitation-Erosion behavior of laser cladded Low-Carbon Cobalt-Based alloys on 17-4PH stainless steel, Opt. Laser Technol, 158, (2023); Zhao T., Zhang S., Wang Z.Y., Zhang C.H., Zhang D.X., Wang N.W., Wu C.L., Cavitation erosion/corrosion synergy and wear behaviors of nickel-based alloy coatings on 304 stainless steel prepared by cold metal transfer, Wear, 510, (2022); Wang Y., Hao E., Zhao X., Xue Y., An Y., Zhou H., Effect of microstructure evolution of Ti6Al4V alloy on its cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance in artificial seawater, J. Mater. Sci. Technol, 100, pp. 169-181, (2022); Chen F., Du J., Zhou S., Cavitation erosion behaviour of incoloy alloy 865 in NaCl solution using ultrasonic vibration, J. Alloys Compd, 831, (2022); Karimi A., Karimipour A., Akbari M., Razzaghi M.M., Ghahderijani M.J., Investigating the mechanical properties and fusion zone microstructure of dissimilar laser weld joint of duplex 2205 stainless steel and A516 carbon steel, Opt. Laser Technol, 158, (2023); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation erosion of duplex and super duplex stainless steels, Scr. Mater, 39, pp. 1229-1236, (1998); Karimi A., Cavitation erosion of a duplex stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Eng, 86, pp. 191-203, (1987); Al-Hashem A., Riad W., The effect of duplex stainless steel microstructure on its cavitation morphology in seawater, Mater. Charact, 47, pp. 389-395, (2001); Wu Y., Lian Y., Li Y., Feng M., Cavitation Erosion Behavior of 2205 and 2507 Duplex Stainless Steels in Distilled Water and Artificial Seawater, Tribol. Online, 18, pp. 482-493, (2023); Lakshmi Prasanna G., Tanya B., Subbiah R., Vinod Kumar V., Effect of nitriding on duplex stainless steel—A review, Mater. Today Proc, 26, pp. 950-955, (2020); Garzon C.M., Thomas H., Francisco dos Santos J., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of a high temperature gas nitrided duplex stainless steel in substitute ocean water, Wear, 259, pp. 145-153, (2005); Escobar J.D., Velasquez E., Santos T.F.A., Ramirez A.J., Lopez D., Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of a duplex stainless steel through friction stir processing (FSP), Wear, 297, pp. 998-1005, (2013); Kwok C.T., Lo K.H., Chan W.K., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Effect of laser surface melting on intergranular corrosion behaviour of aged austenitic and duplex stainless steels, Corros. Sci, 53, pp. 1581-1591, (2011); (2016); Bordeasu I., Monografia Laboratorului de Cercetare a Eroziunii prin Cavitatie al Universitatii Politehnica Timisoara, 1960–2020, (2020); Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M., Balasoiu V., New contributions in cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Trans, 34, pp. 39-44, (2006)",,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI),20734352,,,Crystals,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85191491491 Bordeasu,Lazar I.; Bordeasu I.; Popoviciu M.O.; Mitelea I.; Bena T.; Micu L.M.,"Lazar, I. (57200633522); Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Popoviciu, M.O. (23005846700); Mitelea, I. (16309955100); Bena, T. (57193098582); Micu, L.M. (34880633700)",57200633522; 13409573100; 23005846700; 16309955100; 57193098582; 34880633700,Considerations regarding the erosion mechanism of vibratory cavitation,2018,IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,393,1,12040,,,,5,10.1088/1757-899X/393/1/012040,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051866696&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f393%2f1%2f012040&partnerID=40&md5=97f9cbe78e00e7b0f71e6d37791ba1f0,"The cavitation erosion researches conducted on vibratory devices presents a way of degradation very similar with those encountered in industrial equipment. Photos of the cavitation cloud as well as the eroded surfaces, at various exposure periods, are the basis of the present work in the description of this destruction mechanism. For the experiments, there were used two materials: gray cast iron with lamellar graphite and a high resistance bronze. The used device is that of the Timisoara Polytechnic University Cavitation Laboratory which respects integrally the prescriptions of ASTM G32-2010 Standards. For the description of the results there are used both the roughness profiles and the structure images of the eroded areas, after four different exposure times (5, 60, 120 and 165 minutes). The cavitation erosion behavior is expressed both by the mean depth erosion (MDE) and the parameters of roughness values of the affected areas. The conclusion show that the specific degradation is determined by the cavitation hydrodynamics, as well as by the repeated implosion of individual bubbles which forms the cavitation cloud attached to the exposed surface. © 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.",,Cast iron; Erosion; Product design; Cavitation clouds; Erosion mechanisms; Exposed surfaces; Exposure period; High resistance; Industrial equipment; Structure image; Vibratory devices; Cavitation,"Anton I., Cavitatia Vol. I, (1985); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalǎ a Materialelor, (2006); Franc J.P., Kueny J.L., Karimi A., Fruman D.H., Frechou D., Briancon-Marjollet L., Billard J.Y., Belahadji B., Avellan F., Michel J.M., La Cavitation. Mécanismes Physiques et Aspects Industriels, (1995); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and Mechanical Aspects of the Cavitation Phenomena, Revista de Chimie (Bucuresti), 58, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, Journal of Tribology-Transactions of the ASME, 138, 3, (2016); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Hadar A., The Effect of Nickel from Stainless Steels with 13% Chromium and 0.10% Carbon on the Resistance of Erosion by Cavitation, Revista de Chimie Bucuresti), 56, pp. 1169-1174, (2006); Padurean I., Ionel I., Influence of Structural State on Cavitational Erosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Solution Treatment and Nitriding, Metalurgia International, 15, pp. 55-59, (2010); Padurean I., Researches Upon Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Used for Moulding Kaplan and Francis Hydraulic Turbines Runner Blades (Var. 2), Metalurgia International, 14, pp. 27-30, (2009); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., A New Model for the Equation Describing the Cavitation Mean Depth Erosion Rate Curve, Revista de Chimie (Bucuresti), 68, pp. 894-898, (2017); Oanca O.V., Tehnici de Optimizare a Rezistenţei la Eroziunea Prin Cavitaţie a Unor Aliaje CuAlNiFeMn Destinate Execuţiei Elicelor Navale, (2014); Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Mitelea I., Utu I.D., Pirvulescu L.D., Sirbu N.A., Cavitation Erosion of HVOF Metal-ceramic Composite Coatings Deposited onto Duplex Stainless Steel Substrate, Materiale Plastice, 53, pp. 781-786, (2016)",Rackov M.; Mitrovic R.,Institute of Physics Publishing,17578981,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Bronze Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85051866696 ,Pavlovic M.; Dojcinovic M.; Prokic-Cvetkovic R.; Andric L.; Ceganjac Z.; Trumbulovic L.,"Pavlovic, Marko (57198243334); Dojcinovic, Marina (15076621000); Prokic-Cvetkovic, Radica (13608962500); Andric, Ljubisa (57223408624); Ceganjac, Zoran (57208749868); Trumbulovic, Ljiljana (6506539877)",57198243334; 15076621000; 13608962500; 57223408624; 57208749868; 6506539877,Cavitation wear of basalt-based glass ceramic,2019,Materials,12,9,1552,,,,9,10.3390/ma12091552,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065735613&doi=10.3390%2fma12091552&partnerID=40&md5=8c3fb069fa98b45edfb2f92707edbc0a,"This paper examines the possibility of using basalt-based glass ceramics for construction of structural parts of equipment in metallurgy and mining. An ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample pursuant to the ASTM G32 standard was used to evaluate the possibility of the glass ceramic samples application in such operating conditions. As the starting material for synthesis of samples, olivine-pyroxene basalt from the locality Vrelo-Kopaonik Mountain (Serbia) was used. In order to obtain pre-determined structure and properties of basalt-based glass ceramics, raw material preparation methods through the sample crushing, grinding, and mechanical activation processes have been examined together with sample synthesis by means of melting, casting, and thermal treatment applied for the samples concerned. The mass loss of samples in function of the cavitation time was monitored. Sample surface degradation level was quantified using the image analysis. During the test, changes in sample morphology were monitored by means of the scanning electronic microscopy method. The results showed that basalt-based glass ceramics are highly resistant to cavitation wear and can be used in similar exploitation conditions as a substitute for other metal materials. © 2019 by the authors.",Basalt-based glass ceramics; Cavitation wear; Image analysis; Mass loss,Basalt; Cavitation; Construction equipment; Image analysis; Morphology; Silicate minerals; Structural ceramics; Ultrasonic effects; Wear of materials; Cavitation wear; Mass loss; Material preparation; Mechanical activation; Operating condition; Scanning electronic microscopy; Structure and properties; Ultrasonic vibration; Glass ceramics,"Cocic M., Logar M., Matovic B., Poharac-Logar V., Glass-Ceramics Obtained by the Cristallyzation of Basalt, Sci. Sinter, 42, pp. 383-388, (2010); Barth T.F.W., Theoretical Petrology, 3rd ed, pp. 120-150, (1952); Matovic B., Boskovic S., Logar M., Preparation of basalt-based glass ceramics, J. Serb. Chem. Soc, 68, pp. 505-510, (2003); Cikara D., Todic A., Cikara-Anic D., Posibilitiesod Production of Wear Resistant Construction Elements by Processing of Serbian Basalt, FME Trans, 38, pp. 203-207, (2010); Kostic-Gvozdenovic L., Ninkovic R., Inorganic Chemical Technology, (1997); Pavlovic M., Grujic S., Terzic A., Andric L., Synthesis of the Glass-Ceramics Based on Basalt. In Proceedings of Serbian Ceramic Society Conference-Advanced Ceramic and Application II-New Frontiers in Multifunctional Material Science and Procession, Book of Abstracts, (2013); Pavlovic M., Sarvan M., Klisura F., Acimovic Z., Basalt-Raw Material for Production of Aggregate for Modern Road and Rail Shourd, Proceedings of the 4th Conference Maintenace, pp. 175-183, (2016); Pavlovic M., Furicic M., Mumic A., Basalt Application Prospects for Touristic Facilities Furnishing, Proceedings of the Conference SED, pp. 53-60, (2015); Prstic A., Acimovic Z., Pavlovic L., Andric L., Terzic A., The application of basalt in the manufacturing of ceramic glazes, J. Min. Metall. Sect. A, 43, pp. 53-60, (2007); Andric L., Acimovic Z., Trumic M., Prstic A., Tanaskovic Z., Specific characteristic of coating glazes based on basalt, Mater. Des, 33, pp. 9-13, (2012); Yilmaz S., Bayrak G., Sen S., Sen U., Structural characterization of basalt-based glass-ceamic coatings, Mater. Des, 27, pp. 1092-1096, (2006); Ercenk E., Ugur S., Yilmaz S., Structural characterization of plasma sprayed basalt-SiC glass-ceramic coatings, Ceram. Int, 37, pp. 883-889, (2011); Karamanov A., Ergul S., Afyildiz M., Pelino M., Sinter-crystallization of a glass obtained from basaltic tuffs, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 354, pp. 290-295, (2008); Fiore V., Di Bella G., Valenza A., Glass-basalt/epoxy hybrid composites for marine applications, Mater. Des, 32, pp. 2091-2099, (2011); Dehkordi M.T., Nosraty H., Shokrieh M.M., Minak G., Ghelli D., Low velocity impact properties of intra-ply hybrid composites based on basalt and nylon woven fabrics, Mater. Des, 31, pp. 3835-3844, (2010); Todic A., Nedeljkovic B., Cikara D., Ristovic I., Particulate basalt-polymer composites characteristics investigation, Mater. 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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 302, (1992); Media Cybernetics: Rockville, (1993)",,MDPI AG,19961944,,,Mater.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85065735613 ,Szala M.; Walczak M.; Pasierbiewicz K.; Kamiński M.,"Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Walczak, Mariusz (26435581200); Pasierbiewicz, Kamil (57194023982); Kamiński, Mariusz (56896761700)",56545535000; 26435581200; 57194023982; 56896761700,Cavitation erosion and slidingwear mechanisms of AlTiN and TiAlN films deposited on stainless steel substrate,2019,Coatings,9,5,340,,,,54,10.3390/COATINGS9050340,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069790576&doi=10.3390%2fCOATINGS9050340&partnerID=40&md5=47b6c57ae5a1b428ebc2d6c69b95701c,"The resistance to cavitation erosion and sliding wear of stainless steel grade AISI 304 can be improved by using physical vapor deposited (PVD) coatings. The aim of this study was to investigate the cavitation erosion and sliding wear mechanisms of magnetron-sputtered AlTiN and TiAlN films deposited with different contents of chemical elements onto a stainless steel SS304 substrate. The surface morphology and structure of samples were examined by optical profilometry, light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). Mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus) were tested using a nanoindentation tester. Adhesion of the deposited coatings was determined by the scratch test and Rockwell adhesion tests. Cavitation erosion tests were performed according to ASTM G32 (vibratory apparatus) in compliance with the stationary specimen procedure. Sliding wear tests were conducted with the use of a nano-tribo tester, i.e., ball-on-disc apparatus. Results demonstrate that the cavitation erosion mechanism of the TiAlN and AlTiN coatings rely on embrittlement, which can be attributed to fatigue processes causing film rupture and internal decohesion in flake spallation, and thus leading to coating detachment and substrate exposition. At moderate loads, the sliding wear of thin films takes the form of grooving, micro-scratching, micro-ploughing and smearing of the columnar grain top hills. Compared to the SS reference sample, the PVD films exhibit superior resistance to sliding wear and cavitation erosion. © 2019 by the authors.",AlTiN; Cavitation erosion; Magnetron sputtering; Mechanical properties; Sliding wear; Stainless steel; Thin film; TiAlN; Wear mechanism,,"Ha H.-Y., Jang J.H., Lee T.-H., Won C., Lee C.-H., Moon J., Lee C.-G., Investigation of the localized corrosion and passive behavior of type 304 stainless steels with 0.2-1.8 wt % B, Materials, 11, (2018); Lawrynowicz Z., Effect of the degree of cold work and sensitization time on intergranular corrosion behavior in austenitic stainless steel, Adv. Mater. Sci, 19, pp. 32-43, (2019); Espana P.C., Recco A.A.C., Olaya J.J., A microstructural and wear resistance study of stainless steel-ag coatings produced through magnetron sputtering, Coatings, 8, (2018); Ha H.-Y., Lee T.-H., Bae J.-H., Chun D.W., Molybdenum Effects on pitting corrosion resistance of fecrmnmonc austenitic stainless steels, Metals, 8, (2018); Szala M., Beer-Lech K., Walczak M., A study on the corrosion of stainless steel floor drains in an indoor swimming pool, Eng. Fail. Anal, 77, pp. 31-38, (2017); Wang P., Zhang Y., Yu D., Microstructure and mechanical properties of pressure-quenched ss304 stainless steel, Materials, 12, (2019); Krella A.K., The new parameter to assess cavitation erosion resistance of hard PVD coatings, Eng. Fail. Anal, 18, pp. 855-867, (2011); Subramanian B., Umamaheswari G., Jayachandran M., Properties and corrosion behaviour of reactive magnetron sputtered TiAlN coatings on AISI 316L SS in simulated bodily fluid, Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol, 42, pp. 349-355, (2007); Chen L., Paulitsch J., Du Y., Mayrhofer P.H., Thermal stability and oxidation resistance of Ti-Al-N coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 206, pp. 2954-2960, (2012); Ozkan D., Friction behavior of TiAlN, AlTiN and AlCrN multilayer coatings at nanoscale, Erzincan üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Enstitüsü Derg, 11, pp. 451-458, (2018); Hans M., Patterer L., Music D., Holzapfel D.M., Evertz S., Schnabel V., Stelzer B., Primetzhofer D., Volker B., Widrig B., Et al., Stress-dependent elasticity of tialn coatings, Coatings, 9, (2019); Kulkarni A.P., Sargade V.G., Characterization and performance of AlTiN, AlTiCrN, TiN/TiAlN PVD coated carbide tools while turning ss 304, Mater. Manuf. Process, 30, pp. 748-755, (2015); Kohlscheen J., Bareiss C., Effect of hexagonal phase content on wear behaviour of AlTiN Arc PVD coatings, Coatings, 8, (2018); Fan Q.-X., Wang T.-G., Liu Y.-M., Wu Z.-H., Zhang T., Li T., Yang Z.-B., Microstructure and corrosion resistance of the AlTiN coating deposited by arc ion plating, Acta Metall. Sin. Engl. Lett, 29, pp. 1119-1126, (2016); Shen W.-J., Tsai M.-H., Yeh J.-W., Machining performance of sputter-deposited (Al0.34Cr0.22Nb0.11Si0.11Ti0.22)50N50 high-entropy nitride coatings, Coatings, 5, pp. 312-325, (2015); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Cavitation erosion resistance of nanocrystalline TiNcoating deposited on stainless steel, Wear, 265, pp. 963-970, (2008); Itoh T., Hattori S., Lee K.-Y., Cavitation erosion of 6061 aluminum alloy coated with TiAlN thin film, J. Solid Mech. Mater. Eng, 4, pp. 1444-1454, (2010); Lepicka M., Gradzka-Dahlke M., Pieniak D., Pasierbiewicz K., Krynska K., Niewczas A., Tribological performance of titanium nitride coatings: A comparative study on TiN-coated stainless steel and titanium alloy, Wear, 422-423, pp. 68-80, (2019); Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M., An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments, J. Mater. Res, 7, pp. 1564-1583, (1992); Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M., Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology, J. Mater. Res, 19, pp. 3-20, (2004); Berg G., Friedrich C., Broszeit E., Berger C., Development of chromium nitride coatings substituting titanium nitride, Surf. Coat. Technol, 86-87, pp. 184-191, (1996); Mattox D.M., Chapter 10: Film characterization and some basic film properties, Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing, pp. 569-615, (1998); Cai F., Huang X., Yang Q., Mechanical properties, sliding wear and solid particle erosion behaviors of plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering CrSiCN coating systems, Wear, 324-325, pp. 27-35, (2015); Walczak M., Pasierbiewicz K., Szala M., Adhesion and mechanical properties of TiAlN and AlTiN magnetron sputtered coatings deposited on DMSL titanium alloy substrate, Acta Phys. Pol. A, (2019); Vidakis N., Antoniadis A., Bilalis N., The VDI 3198 indentation test evaluation of a reliable qualitative control for layered compounds, J. Mater. Process. Technol, 143-144, pp. 481-485, (2003); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Szala M., Hejwowski T., Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanism model of flame-sprayed Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl cermet coatings, Coatings, 8, (2018); Szala M., Application of computer image analysis software for determining incubation period of cavitation erosion-Preliminary results, EDP Sci, 15, (2017); Budzynski P., Kaminski M., Wiertel M., Pyszniak K., Drozdziel A., Mechanical properties of the stellite 6 cobalt alloy implanted with nitrogen ions, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 132, pp. 203-205, (2017); Kaminski M., Budzynski P., Szala M., Turek M., Tribological properties of the Stellite 6 cobalt alloy implanted with manganese ions, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng, 421, (2018); Walczak M., Pieniak D., Niewczas A.M., Effect of recasting on the useful properties CoCrMoW alloy, Eksploat. Niezawodn. Maint. Reliab, 16, pp. 330-336, (2014); Kalss W., Reiter A., Derflinger V., Gey C., Endrino J.L., Modern coatings in high performance cutting applications, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater, 24, pp. 399-404, (2006); Krella A., The influence of TiN coatings properties on cavitation erosion resistance, Surf. Coat. Technol, 204, pp. 263-270, (2009); Hattori S., Mikami N., Cavitation erosion resistance of stellite alloy weld overlays, Wear, 267, pp. 1954-1960, (2009); Mesa D.H., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Influence of cold-work on the cavitation erosion resistance and on the damage mechanisms in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels, Wear, 271, pp. 1372-1377, (2011); Wu Y., Hong S., Zhang J., He Z., Guo W., Wang Q., Li G., Microstructure and cavitation erosion behavior of WC-Co-Cr coating on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by HVOF thermal spraying, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater, 32, pp. 21-26, (2012); Szala M., Coatings for Increasing Cavitation Wear Resistance of Machine Parts and Elements, (2016); Lee S.-C., Ho W.-Y., Lai F.D., Effect of substrate surface roughness on the characteristics of CrN hard film, Mater. Chem. Phys, 43, pp. 266-273, (1996); Johnson K.L., Johnson K.L., Contact Mechanics, (1987); Tsui T.Y., Pharr G.M., Oliver W.C., Bhatia C.S., White R.L., Anders S., Anders A., Brown I.G., Mechanical behavior of diamond and other forms of carbon, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc, 383, (1995); Musil J., Kunc F., Zeman H., Polakova H., Relationships between hardness, Young's modulus and elastic recovery in hard nanocomposite coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 154, pp. 304-313, (2002); Leyland A., Matthews A., On the significance of the H/E ratio in wear control: a nanocomposite coating approach to optimised tribological behaviour, Wear, 246, pp. 1-11, (2000); Solis J., Zhao H., Wang C., Verduzco J.A., Bueno A.S., Neville A., Tribological performance of an H-DLC coating prepared by PECVD, Appl. Surf. Sci, 383, pp. 222-232, (2016)",,MDPI AG,20796412,,,Coatings,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85069790576 ,Ibanez I.; Hodnett M.; Zeqiri B.; Frota M.N.,"Ibanez, I. (57210649878); Hodnett, M. (6701522081); Zeqiri, B. (6701630009); Frota, M.N. (36945243300)",57210649878; 6701522081; 6701630009; 36945243300,Correlating Inertial Acoustic Cavitation Emissions with Material Erosion Resistance,2016,Physics Procedia,87,,,16,23,7,5,10.1016/j.phpro.2016.12.004,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013135344&doi=10.1016%2fj.phpro.2016.12.004&partnerID=40&md5=bbabb90b66053e5b8d7a09891e9484a8,"The standard ASTM G32-10 concerns the hydrodynamic cavitation erosion resistance of materials by subjecting them to acoustic cavitation generated by a sonotrode. The work reported extends this technique by detecting and monitoring the ultrasonic cavitation, considered responsible for the erosion process, specifically for coupons of aluminium-bronze alloy. The study uses a 65 mm diameter variant of NPL's cavitation sensor, which detects broadband acoustic emissions, and logs acoustic signals generated in the MHz frequency range, using NPL's Cavimeter. Cavitation readings were made throughout the exposure duration, which was carried out at discrete intervals (900 to 3600 s), allowing periodic mass measurements to be made to assess erosion loss under a strict protocol. Cavitation measurements and erosion were compared for different separations of the sonotrode tip from the material under test. The maximum variation associated with measurement of cavitation level was between 2.2% and 3.3% when the separation (λ) between the transducer horn and the specimen increased from 0.5 to 1.0 mm, for a transducer (sonotrode) displacement amplitude of 43.5 μm. Experiments conducted at the same transducer displacement amplitude show that the mass loss of the specimen - a measure of erosion - was 67.0 mg (λ = 0.5 mm) and 66.0 mg (λ = 1.0 mm). © 2016 The Authors.",CaviMeter; Cavitation erosion; engineering materials; Metrology; Standard ASTM G32-10; Ultrasound,Acoustic emission testing; Aluminum alloys; Bronze; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Measurements; Transducers; Ultrasonic applications; Ultrasonics; Acoustic cavitations; CaviMeter; Discrete intervals; Displacement amplitudes; Engineering materials; Hydrodynamic cavitations; Material under tests; Ultrasonic cavitation; Cavitation,"Choi J., Jayaprakash A., Chahine G., Scaling of cavitation erosion progression with cavitation intensity and cavitation source, Wear, 278, pp. 53-61, (2012); Da Silva F., Marinho R., Paes M., Franco S., Cavitation erosion behavior of ion-nitrided 34 CrAlNi 7 steel with different microstructures, Wear, 304, 1-2, pp. 183-190, (2013); Ibanez I., MSc Dissertation, Measurement and influence of cavitation induced by ultrasonic on erosion of engineering materials (in Portuguese), Postgraduate Programme in Metrology (PósMQI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, (2014); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus ASTM, (2010); Zeqiri B., Pierre N., Hodnett M., Nigel D., A novel sensor for monitoring acoustic cavitation, Part I: Concept, theory, and prototype development, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 50, 10, pp. 1342-1350, (2003); King D., Sonochemical analysis of the output of ultrasonic dental descalers (PhD Thesis), Chemistry, University of Bath, UK., (2010); Young F., Cavitation, (1989); Tiong J., Sonochemical and ultrasonic output analyses on dental endonosonic instruments (PhD Thesis), Chemistry, University of Bath, UK, (2012); Hodnett M., Zeqiri B., Toward a reference ultrasonic cavitation vessel: Part 2-investigating the spatial variation and acoustic pressure threshold of inertial cavitation in a 25 kHz ultrasonic field, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 55, 8, pp. 1809-1822, (2008); Hodnett M., Characterisation of Industrial High Power Ultrasound Fields Using the NPL Cavitation Sensor UIA Symposium, (2006); Hodnett M., Measuring Cavitation in Ultrasonic Cleaners and Processors, (2011)",Manna R.; DeAngelis D.,Elsevier B.V.,18753884,,,Phys. Procedia,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85013135344 ,Marchini L.; Tonolini P.; Montesano L.; Tocci M.; Pola A.; Gelfi M.,"Marchini, Luca (58244242700); Tonolini, Pietro (57228023800); Montesano, Lorenzo (36806747600); Tocci, Marialaura (55797597700); Pola, Annalisa (8616888900); Gelfi, Marcello (6506974403)",58244242700; 57228023800; 36806747600; 55797597700; 8616888900; 6506974403,Cavitation erosion resistance of 1.2709 alloy produced via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion,2024,Procedia Structural Integrity,53,,,212,220,8,0,10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.026,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187014519&doi=10.1016%2fj.prostr.2024.01.026&partnerID=40&md5=b0687e9c99058ed02d5336d3269b1bae,"Maraging steels, like 1.2709 (18Ni-300), are attractive materials for the aerospace, automotive, tooling, and bearing gear industries because of their high yield, tensile strength, and good toughness. The low-carbon martensite matrix and nanoscale intermetallic precipitates combine to provide distinctive mechanical properties. In particular, due to their low carbon content, these steels are easily weldable and are therefore appropriate for additive manufacturing (AM) processes like laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF). The tooling and molding industry has just lately started using this fabrication technique to create inserts with conformal cooling channels that can extend the lifetime of the insert and core while boosting the cast quality. These parts are frequently exposed to high levels of stress, wear, and even aggressive conditions. In this context, this research focuses on a peculiar, and thus understudied, erosion phenomenon known as cavitation erosion. According to the ASTM G32 standard, the cavitation erosion resistance of 1.2709 maraging steel samples produced by additive manufacturing as well as by forging was investigated. Microstructural analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of the different microstructures resulting from the different manufacturing techniques on erosion behavior. When compared to the forged maraging steel, the AM one shows less resistance to the initiation of the erosion phenomenon. Nevertheless, the wear rates of the two materials are comparable. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion; L-PBF; Maraging steel,,"Abdullah A., Malaki M., Baghizadeh E., On the impact of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 226, 3, pp. 681-694, (2011); ASTM G32-16(2021) Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus 2021; Bregliozzi G., Et al., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, 1, pp. 503-510, (2005); Brooks H., Brigden K., Design of conformal cooling layers with self-supporting lattices for additively manufactured tooling, Additive Manufacturing, 11, pp. 16-22, (2016); Casati R., Et al., Aging Behaviour and Mechanical Performance of 18-Ni 300 Steel Processed by Selective Laser Melting, Metals, (2016); Chahine G., Et al., Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, (2014); Girelli L., Et al., Investigation of cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi10Mg alloy for additive manufacturing, Wear, 402-403, pp. 124-136, (2018); Hattori S., Et al., Effect of liquid properties on cavitation erosion in liquid metals, Wear, 265, 11, pp. 1649-1654, (2018); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Ball A., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, 2, pp. 311-327, (1982); Liu C., Et al., A new empirical formula for the calculation of MS temperatures in pure iron and super-low carbon alloy steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1-3, pp. 556-562, (2001); Pecas P., Et al., Chapter 4 - Additive Manufacturing in Injection Molds—Life Cycle Engineering for Technology Selection, Advanced Applications in Manufacturing Enginering, (2019); Pieklo J., Garbacz-Klempka A., Use of Maraging Steel 1.2709 for Implementing Parts of Pressure Mold Devices with Conformal Cooling System, Materials, 13; Taillon G., Et al., Cavitation erosion mechanisms in stainless steels and in composite metal-ceramic HVOF coatings, Wear, 364-365, pp. 201-210, (2016); Tian Y., Et al., In-situ SEM investigation on stress-induced microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless steels subjected to cavitation erosion and cavitation erosion-corrosion, Materials & Design, 213; Tocci M., Et al., Wear and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of an AlMgSc Alloy Produced by DMLS, Metals, 9, (2019); Tonolini P., Et al., Wear and corrosion behavior of 18Ni-300 maraging steel produced by laser-based powder bed fusion and conventional route, Procedia Structural Integrity; Venkatesh G., Ravi Kumar Y., Raghavendra G., Comparison of Straight Line to Conformal Cooling Channel in Injection Molding, Materials Today: Proceedings, 4, 2, pp. 1167-1173, (2017); Yang Q., Wu X., Qiu X., Microstructural Characteristics of High-Pressure Die Casting with High Strength-Ductility Synergy Properties: A Review, Materials, 16",Berto F.; Iacoviello F.; De Jesus A.; Torgersen J.; Vantadori S.,Elsevier B.V.,24523216,,,Proc. Struc. Inte.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85187014519 ,Szala M.,"Szala, M. (56545535000)",56545535000,Cavitation erosion damage of self-fluxing NiCrSiB hardfacings deposited by oxy-acetylene powder welding,2021,Journal of Physics: Conference Series,2130,1,12033,,,,2,10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012033,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123750684&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f2130%2f1%2f012033&partnerID=40&md5=dd55c5b438e44db42c0fa7c584df3a4a,"This paper comparatively investigates the cavitation erosion damage of two self-fluxing NiCrSiB hardfacings deposited via the oxy-acetylene powder welding method. Examinations were conducted according to the procedure given by ASTM G32 standard. In order to research cavitation erosion (CE), the vibratory apparatus was employed. The cavitation damaged surfaces were inspected using a scanning electron microscope, optical microscope and surface profilometer. The hardness of the A-NiCrSiB hardfacing equals 908HV while that of C-NiCrSiB amounts to 399HV. The research showed that the CE resistance of C-NiCrSiB is higher than that of A-NiCrSiB. The results demonstrate that in the case of multiphase materials, like the NiCrSiB hardfacings, hardness cannot be the key factor for cavitation erosion damage estimation whereas it is strongly subjected to material microstructure. In order to qualitatively recognise the cavitation erosion damage of the NiCrSiB self-fluxing hardfacings at a given exposure time, the following factors should be respected: physical and mechanical properties, material microstructure and also material loss and eroded surface morphology, both stated at specific testing time. The general idea for the cavitation erosion damage estimation of the NiCrSiB oxy-acetylene welds was presented. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.",,Cavitation; Erosion; Hardness; Heat affected zone; Lighting; Microstructure; Nickel compounds; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon compounds; Surface morphology; Welding; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Damage estimation; Damaged surfaces; Erosion damage; Material microstructures; Multiphase materials; Optical microscopes; Optical surfaces; Surface profilometers; Welding method; Morphology,"Szala M, Latka L, Awtoniuk M, Winnicki M, Michalak M, Neural Modelling of APS Thermal Spray Process Parameters for Optimizing the Hardness, Porosity and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2, Coatings Processes, 8, (2020); Riemschneider E, Bordeasu I, Mitelea I, Utu I D, Analysis of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Grey Cast Iron EN-GJL-200 by the Surface Induction Hardening, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng, 416, (2018); Latka L, Michalak M, Szala M, Walczak M, Sokolowski P, Ambroziak A, Influence of 13 wt% TiO2 content in alumina-titania powders on microstructure, sliding wear and cavitation erosion resistance of APS sprayed coatings, Surface and Coatings Technology, 410, (2021); Czuprynski A, Flame Spraying of Aluminum Coatings Reinforced with Particles of Carbonaceous Materials as an Alternative for Laser Cladding, Technologies Materials, 12, (2019); Walczak M, Szala M, Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing, Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng, 21, (2021); Zebrowski R, Walczak M, The effect of shot peening on the corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy made by DMLS, Advances in Materials Science, 18, pp. 43-54, (2018); Morozow D, Barlak M, Werner Z, Pisarek M, Konarski P, Zagorski J, Rucki M, Chalko L, Lagodzinski M, Narojczyk J, Krzysiak Z, Caban J, Wear Resistance Improvement of Cemented Tungsten Carbide Deep-Hole Drills after Ion, Implantation Materials, 14, (2021); Budzynski P, Filiks J, Zukowski P, Kiszczak K, Walczak M, Effect of mixed N and Ar implantation on tribological properties of tool steel, Vacuum, 78, pp. 685-692, (2005); Ozkan D, Alper Yilmaz M, Szala M, Turkuz C, Chocyk D, Tunc C, Goz O, Walczak M, Pasierbiewicz K, Baris Yagci M, Effects of ceramic-based CrN, TiN, and AlCrN interlayers on wear and friction behaviors of AlTiSiN+TiSiN PVD coatings, Ceramics International, 47, pp. 20077-20089, (2021); Ozkan D, Yilmaz M A, Bakdemir S A, Sulukan E, Wear and Friction Behavior of TiB2 Thin Film-Coated AISI 52100 Steels under the Lubricated Condition, Tribology Transactions, 63, pp. 1008-1019, (2020); Gucwa M, Winczek J, Wieczorek P, Mician M, Konar R, The Analysis of Filler Material Effect on Properties of Excavator Crawler Track Shoe after Welding Regeneration, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 66, pp. 31-36, (2021); Latka L, Biskup P, Development in PTA Surface Modifications, A Review Advances in Materials Science, 20, pp. 39-53, (2020); Tomkow J, Swierczynska A, Landowski M, Wolski A, Rogalski G, Bead-on-Plate Underwater Wet Welding on S700MC Steel, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, pp. 288-296, (2021); Tomkow J, Janeczek A, Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel, Applied Sciences, 10, (2020); Janicki D, The friction and wear behaviour of in-situ titanium carbide reinforced composite layers manufactured on ductile cast iron by laser surface alloying, Surface and Coatings Technology, 406, (2021); Munoz-Escalona P, Mridha S, Baker T N, Advances in Surface Engineering Using TIG Processing to Incorporate Ceramic Particulates into Low Alloy and Microalloyed Steels - A Review, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, pp. 88-98, (2021); Zhou Y, Zhang J, Xing Z, Wang H, Lv Z, Microstructure and properties of NiCrBSi coating by plasma cladding on gray cast iron, Surface and Coatings Technology, 361, pp. 270-279, (2019); Mendez P F, Barnes N, Bell K, Borle S D, Gajapathi S S, Guest S D, Izadi H, Gol A K, Wood G, Welding processes for wear resistant overlays, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 16, pp. 4-25, (2014); Szala M, Swietlicki A, Sofinska-Chmiel W, Cavitation erosion of electrostatic spray polyester coatings with different surface finish, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences, 69, (2021); Hibi M, Inaba K, Takahashi K, Kishimoto K, Hayabusa K, Effect of Tensile Stress on Cavitation Erosion and Damage of Polymer, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser, 656, (2015); Jimenez H, Olaya J J, Alfonso J E, Tribological Behavior of Ni-Based WC-Co Coatings Deposited via Spray and Fuse Technique Varying the Oxygen Flow, Advances in Tribology, 2021, (2021); Olejnik E, Szymanski L, Batog P, Tokarski T, Kurtyka P, TiC-FeCr local composite reinforcements obtained in situ in steel casting, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 275, (2020); Kazamer N, Muntean R, Valean P C, Pascal D T, Marginean G, Serban V-A, Comparison of Ni-Based Self-Fluxing Remelted Coatings for Wear and Corrosion, Applications Materials, 14, (2021); Gonzalez R, Cadenas M, Fernandez R, Cortizo J L, Rodriguez E, Wear behaviour of flame sprayed NiCrBSi coating remelted by flame or by laser, Wear, 262, pp. 301-307, (2007); Mikus R, Kovac I, Zarnovsky J, Effect of Microstructure on Properties of NiCrBSi Alloys Applied by Flame-Powder Deposition, Advanced Materials Research, 1059, pp. 1-9, (2014); Li W, Li J, Xu Y, Optimization of Corrosion Wear Resistance of the NiCrBSi Laser-Clad Coatings Fabricated on Ti6Al4V, Coatings, 11, (2021); Wang W, Li W, Xu H, Microstructures and Properties of Plasma Sprayed Ni Based Coatings Reinforced by TiN/C1-xNxTi Generated from In-Situ Solid-Gas Reaction, Materials, 10, (2017); Miguel J M, Guilemany J M, Vizcaino S, Tribological study of NiCrBSi coating obtained by different processes, Tribology International, 36, pp. 181-187, (2003); Kekes D, Psyllaki P, Vardavoulias M, Vekinis G, Wear micro-mechanisms of composite WC-Co/Cr-NiCrFeBSiC coatings.Part II: Cavitation erosion, Tribology in Industry, 36, pp. 375-383, (2014); Szala M, Walczak M, Hejwowski T, Factors Influencing Cavitation Erosion of NiCrSiB Hardfacings Deposited by Oxy-Acetylene Powder Welding on Grey Cast Iron, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, pp. 376-386, (2021); Hardfacing Powders, (2019); Bergant Z, Grum J, Quality Improvement of Flame Sprayed, Heat Treated, and Remelted NiCrBSi Coatings, J Therm Spray Tech, 18, pp. 380-391, (2009); Podulka P, Improved Procedures for Feature-Based Suppression of Surface Texture High-Frequency Measurement Errors in the Wear Analysis of Cylinder Liner Topographies, Metals, 11, (2021); Zagorski I, Kulisz M, Klonica M, Matuszak J, Trochoidal Milling and Neural Networks Simulation of Magnesium, Alloys Materials, 12, (2019); Macek W, Branco R, Trembacz J, Costa J D, Ferreira J A M, Capela C, Effect of multiaxial bending-torsion loading on fracture surface parameters in high-strength steels processed by conventional and additive manufacturing, Engineering Failure Analysis, 118, (2020); Latka L, Szala M, Michalak M, Palka T, Impact of atmospheric plasma spray parameters on cavitation erosion resistance of Al2O3-13%TiO2 coatings, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, pp. 342-347, (2019); Szala M, Latka L, Walczak M, Winnicki M, Comparative Study on the Cavitation Erosion and Sliding Wear of Cold-Sprayed Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 Coatings, and Stainless Steel, Aluminium Alloy, Copper and Brass Metals, 10, (2020); Szala M, Chocyk D, Skic A, Kaminski M, Macek W, Turek M, Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6, Materials, 14, (2021); Krella A K, The new parameter to assess cavitation erosion resistance of hard PVD coatings, Engineering Failure Analysis, 18, pp. 855-867, (2011); Zakrzewska D E, Krella A K, Cavitation Erosion Resistance Influence of Material Properties, Advances in Materials Science, 19, pp. 18-34, (2019); Hattori S, Ishikura R, Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Tzanakis I, Bolzoni L, Eskin D G, Hadfield M, Evaluation of Cavitation Erosion Behavior of Commercial Steel Grades Used in the Design of Fluid Machinery, Metall Mater Trans A, 48, pp. 2193-2206, (2017)",,IOP Publishing Ltd,17426588,,,J. Phys. Conf. Ser.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85123750684 ,Espitia L.A.; Dong H.; Li X.-Y.; Pinedo C.E.; Tschiptschin A.P.,"Espitia, L.A. (26538490500); Dong, Hanshan (7402335224); Li, Xiao-Ying (55718097900); Pinedo, C.E. (6603134589); Tschiptschin, A.P. (7004251372)",26538490500; 7402335224; 55718097900; 6603134589; 7004251372,Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanisms of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel,2015,Wear,332-333,,,1070,1079,9,41,10.1016/j.wear.2014.12.009,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945485677&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2014.12.009&partnerID=40&md5=d0dc2e74ac7baf27d5bae87303a8fa16,"Quenched and tempered AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel specimens were active screen plasma nitrided in a mixture of 75% of nitrogen and 25% of hydrogen during 20 h at 400 °C. The microstructure of the nitrided case was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The phases were identified by X-ray diffraction and the nitrogen content as a function of depth was measured using wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer coupled to SEM. Nanoindentation tests were carried out in order to assess hardness (H), Young modulus (E), H/E and H3E2 ratios and the elastic recovery (We) of the nitrided layer. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out according to ASTM G32 standard during 20 h, with periodical interruptions for registering the mass losses. Additional cavitation erosion tests were performed to identify the wear mechanisms in both specimens, through assessment of the evolution of the damage on the surface, in a scanning electron microscope. A ∼28 μm thick, 1275 HV hard nitrided case formed at the surface of the martensitic stainless steel, composed of nitrogen supersaturated expanded martensite and hexagonal ε-Fe24N10 iron nitrides. The expanded martensite decreased 27 times the mass loss shown by the non-nitrided stainless steel and the erosion rate decreased from 2.56 mg/h to 0.085 mg/h. The increase in cavitation erosion resistance can be mainly attributed to the increase in hardness and to the elastic response of the expanded martensite. The non-nitrided specimen changed from initially ductile to brittle behavior, exhibiting two different modes of material detachment. The first mode was characterized by a great degree of plastic deformation, fatigue and ductile fracture. The second failure mode could be associated to brittle fracture by cleavage mechanisms. In contrast, the wear mechanism observed in the nitrided specimen was brittle fracture without evident plastic deformation. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Active screen plasma nitriding; Cavitation erosion; Expanded martensite; Mechanisms of wear; Nanoindentation,Brittle fracture; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Damage detection; Ductile fracture; Erosion; Hardness; Martensite; Martensitic stainless steel; Nanoindentation; Nitrogen; Nitrogen plasma; Plasma applications; Plastic deformation; Scanning electron microscopy; Steel research; Temperature; Tribology; Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes; Wear of materials; Wear resistance; X ray diffraction; X ray spectrometers; Active screen plasma; Active screen plasma nitriding; Cavitation erosion resistance; Expanded martensites; Low temperature plasmas; Microhardness measurement; Nanoindentation tests; Wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometers; Stainless steel,"Mesa D.H., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of UNS S31803 stainless steel by duplex treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 205, pp. 1552-1556, (2010); Garzon C.M., Thomas H., Dos Santos J.F., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of a high temperature gas nitrided duplex stainless steel in substitute ocean water, Wear, 259, pp. 145-153, (2005); Dos Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance for low-temperature plasma nitrided Ca-6NM martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 309, pp. 159-165, (2014); Espitia L.A., Varela L., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of low temperature plasma nitrided martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 301, pp. 449-456, (2013); Tromas C., Stinville J.C., Templier C., Villechaise P., Hardness and elastic modulus gradients in plasma-nitrided 316L polycrystalline stainless steel investigated by nanoindentation tomography, Acta Mater., 60, pp. 1965-1973, (2012); Menthe E., Bulak A., Olfe J., Zimmermann A., Rie K.T., Et al., Improvement of the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel after plasma nitriding, Surf. Coat. Technol., 133-134, pp. 259-263, (2000); Stinville J.C., Tromas C., Villechaise P., Templier C., Anisotropy changes in hardness and indentation modulus induced by plasma nitriding of 316L polycrystalline stainless steel, Scr. Mater., 64, pp. 37-40, (2011); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, pp. 311-327, (1982); Bregliozzi G., Schino A.D., Ahmed S.I.U., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behavior of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Mann B.S., Boronizing of cast martensitic chromium nickel stainless steel and its abrasion and cavitation-erosion behavior, Wear, 208, pp. 125-131, (1997); Thiruvengadam A., Waring S., Mechanical Properties of Metals and Their Cavitation Damage Resistance, pp. 1-47, (1964); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, Int. Mater. Rev., 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra S.K., Cavitation erosion in hydraulic turbine components and mitigation by coatings: Current status and future needs, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, 7, (2012); Li C.X., Bell T., Dong. H., A study of active screen plasma nitriding, Surf. Eng., 18, 3, pp. 174-181, (2002); Toro A., Tschiptschin A.P., Chemical characterization of a high nitrogen stainless steel by optimized electron probe microanalysis, Scr. Mater., 63, pp. 803-806, (2010); Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M., A new improved technique for determining hardness and modulus using load and sensitive indentation experiments, J. Mater. Res., 7, pp. 1564-1582, (1992); Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (1998); Hardness Depth of Heat-treated Parts; Determination of the Effective Depth of Hardening after Nitriding, (1979); Pinedo C.E., Monteiro W.A., On the kinetics of plasma nitriding a martensitic stainless steel type AISI 420, Surf. Coat. Technol., 179, pp. 119-123, (2004); Kim S.K., Yoo J.S., Priest J.M., Fewell M.P., Characteristics of martensitic stainless steel nitrided in a low-pressure RF plasma, Surf. Coat. Technol., 163-164, pp. 380-385, (2003); Christiansen T., Somers M.A.J., Nitrogen diffusion and nitrogen depth profiles in expanded austenite: Experimental assessment, numerical simulation and role of stress, Mater. Sci. Technol., 24, pp. 159-167, (2008); Christiansen T., Somers M.A.J., Stress and composition of carbon stabilized expanded austenite on stainless steel, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 40 A, pp. 1791-1798, (2009)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,All Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84945485677 ,Montesano L.; Pola A.; La Vecchia G.M.,"Montesano, L. (36806747600); Pola, A. (8616888900); La Vecchia, G.M. (7004576430)",36806747600; 8616888900; 7004576430,Cavitation-erosion resistance of three zinc-Aluminum alloy for bearing application,2016,Metallurgia Italiana,2016,11,,50,55,5,1,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013191637&partnerID=40&md5=01755ac7a69f852afed9333026e00a0a,"Zinc alloys are known as good competitors of copper alloys for some tribological applications, in both lubricated and dry conditions. In presence of lubricant, cavitation erosion phenomenon can occur, increasing the damaging of the part. In this paper a comparative study of the erosion resistance of an innovative (ZnAl15Cu1Mg) and two commercial Zn-Al alloys (ZA27 and Alzen305) is presented. Cavitation erosion tests were executed according to ASTM G32 on cast samples and the response of each material was assessed by measuring the worn volume as a function of cavitation time and by analyzing the damaged surfaces by means of optical and scanning electron microscope. It was pointed out that the new ZnAl15Cu1Mg guarantees better resistance than the traditional ZA27 and Alzen305 as a consequence of the different microstructure.",,Cavitation; Erosion; Scanning electron microscopy; Zinc; Zinc alloys; Cavitation erosion resistance; Comparative studies; Damaged surfaces; Dry condition; Erosion resistance; Tribological applications; Zinc aluminum alloy; ZnAl alloy; Aluminum alloys,"Hanna M.D., Carter J.T., Kashid M.S., Wear, 203-209, pp. 11-21, (1997); El-Abou Khair M.T., Daoud A., Ismail A., Mater. Lett, 58, pp. 1754-1760, (2004); Pola A., Montesano L., Gelfi M., Vecchia G.M.L., Wear, 368-369, pp. 444-452, (2016); Purcek G., Savaskan T., Kucukomeroglu T., Murphy S., Wear, pp. 894-901, (2002); Yan S., Xie J., Liu Z., Wang W., Wang A., Li J., J. Mater. Sci. Technol, 26, 7, pp. 648-652, (2010); Apelian D., Paliwal M., Herrschaft D.C., JOM, pp. 12-20, (1981); Rollez D., Pola A., Prenger F., World of Metallurgy - Erzmetall, 68, 6, pp. 354-358, (2015); Prasad B.K., Patwardhan A.K., Yegneswaran A.H., Wear, 199, pp. 142-151, (1996); Pola A., La Vecchia G.M., Gelfi M., Montesano L., Metall. Ital, 4, pp. 37-41, (2015); Savakan T., Hekimolu A.P., Int. J. Mater. Res, 107, 7, pp. 646-652, (2016); Kubel E.J., Expanding horizons for ZA alloys, Adv. Mat. Proc, pp. 51-57, (1987); Altorfer K.J., Metal Prog, 122, 6, pp. 29-31, (1982); Lee P.P., Savasakan T., Laufer E., Wear, 117, pp. 79-89, (1987); ASM Handbook - Vol. 3: Alloy Phase Diagram, (1992); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Arrighini A., Gelfi M., Pola A., Roberti R., Mater. Corros, 61, 3, pp. 218-221, (2010); Durman M., Murphy S., J. Mater. Sci, 32, pp. 1603-1611, (1997); Savaskan T., Hekimoglu A.P., Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct, 603, pp. 52-57, (2014); Vaidya S., Preece C.M., Metall. Trans. A, 9, pp. 299-307, (1978); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Int. Mater. Rev, 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Chakrabarti K., Casting Technology and Cast Alloys, (2005); Shreir L.L., Corrosion: Metal/environment reactions, Newnes-Butterworths, (1976); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., J. Mater. Sci, 29, 4, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Met. Trans. A, 8, pp. 915-923, (1977); Hucinska J., Glowacka M., Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 32, 6, pp. 1325-1333, (2001)",,Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia,260843,,MITLA,Metall. Ital.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85013191637 Bordeasu,Franț F.; Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Codrean C.; Mutașcu D.,"Franț, Florin (57215883759); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Codrean, Cosmin (18433646500); Mutașcu, Daniel (57215884439)",57215883759; 16309955100; 13409573100; 18433646500; 57215884439,Effect of some heat treatments on cavitation erosion resistance of the En AW - 6082 alloy,2019,"METAL 2019 - 28th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,663,667,4,5,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079433617&partnerID=40&md5=2ba37de5f6dd1abba0348aa1a6baf4ee,"In its pure form, aluminum is relatively soft, with poor mechanical strength and weak cavitation erosion characteristics. The alloys series 6xxx have as main elements alloying silicon and magnesium, which improve their mechanical properties, making them competitive for many structural applications. The present paper establishes the correlation between the heat treatment, the microstructure and the mechanism of cavitation erosion damage of a deformable alloy, aluminum base. Cavitation tests were conducted on a vibrator with piezo-ceramic crystals that meet ASTM G32 - 2010 requirements. The metallographic examinations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, coupled with the hardness tests, highlighted the microstructural changes in a cavitationally affected material and the cracks propagation mode. © 2019 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.",Al-alloy; Cavitation erosion; Heat treatment; Microstructure,Alloying elements; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Metals; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy; Al-alloy; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cracks propagation; Erosion characteristics; Metallographic examination; Microstructural changes; Piezo-ceramics; Structural applications; Aluminum alloys,"Mrowka-Nowotnik G., Sieniawski J., Influence of heat treatment on the micrustructure and mechanical properties of 6005 and 6082 aluminium alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 162-163, pp. 367-372, (2005); Wang Q.G., Davidson C.J., Solidification and precipitation behaviour of Al-Si-Mg casting alloys, J. Material Science., 26, pp. 739-750, (2001); Fortes Patella R., Choffat T., Reboud J.-L., Archer A., Mass loss simulation in cavitation erosion - Fatigue criterion approach, Wear, 300, pp. 205-215, (2013); Gottardi G., Tocci M., Montesano M., Pola A., Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging, Wear, 394-395, pp. 1-10, (2018)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729492-5,,"METAL - Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85079433617 ,Khmelev V.N.; Barsukov R.V.; Golykh R.N.; Abramenko D.S.; Genne D.V.; Tertishnikov P.P.,"Khmelev, V.N. (8319587200); Barsukov, R.V. (8204748400); Golykh, R.N. (36607866300); Abramenko, D.S. (14631811500); Genne, D.V. (23491721400); Tertishnikov, P.P. (57220741853)",8319587200; 8204748400; 36607866300; 14631811500; 23491721400; 57220741853,Method and means of cavitation erosion tests under abnormal conditions,2020,Journal of Physics: Conference Series,1679,4,42041,,,,3,10.1088/1742-6596/1679/4/042041,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097607286&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f1679%2f4%2f042041&partnerID=40&md5=49e7673ec22a052456dde2a87a04f307,"The monitoring method for erosion resistance of metals and protective coatings under cavitation exposure in abnormal operating conditions is proposed. This method extends the scope of the standard ASTM G32-10 Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus. The specialized ultrasonic device has been developed for the study of cavitation destruction of materials and coatings at high pressures, temperatures up to 1000 °C and in liquid media with various properties (including aggressive ones) for implementing the monitoring method. The control system based on continuous monitoring of electric parameters of piezoelectric vibratory system was used to providing the necessary vibration amplitude in the process of cavitation under all changes of liquids parameters. The control system (based on changes monitoring of liquid active resistance) was used for equal efficiency of cavitation process on the surface. Practical recommendations for testing of cavitation erosion of metals and protective coatings in abnormal conditions are given. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Control systems; Erosion; High pressure engineering; Liquids; Monitoring; Protective coatings; Testing; Abnormal conditions; Abnormal operating conditions; Continuous monitoring; Electric parameters; Erosion resistance; Practical recommendation; Standard test method; Vibration amplitude; Cavitation,"Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Khmelev V N, Kuzovnikov Yu M, Khmelev S S, Levin S V, Khmelev M V, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. of Young Specialists on Micro / Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, EDM 2016 (Erlagol, Russian Federation: IEEE) Ultrasonic device designed for the studying of cavitation resistance of materials, pp. 260-263, (2016); Khmelev V N, Kuzovnikov Yu M, Tsyganok S N, Khmelev M V, Khmelev S S, Shakura V A, Pat. Of the Russian Federation No 163845 appl, (2016); Khmelev V N, Shalunov A V, Nesterov V A, Tertishnikov P P, Tsyganok S N, Khmelev M V, Genne D V, Abramenko D S, Pat. Of the Russian Federation No 2719820 appl, (2020); Khmelev V N, Ilchenko E V, Barsukov R V, Genne D V, Ryzhova S F, Proc. 20th Int. Conf. of Young Specialists on Micro / Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, EDM 2019 (Erlagol, Russian Federation: IEEE) Specific Features of the Realization of Ultrasonic Action in Liquid Media under Excessive Pressure, pp. 235-239, (2019); Khmelev V N, Levin S V, Khmelev S S, Tsyganok S N, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. of Young Specialists on Micro / Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, EDM 2015 (Erlagol, Russian Federation: IEEE) Control device of ultrasonic vibration amplitude, pp. 262-264, (2015); Khmelev V N, Baruskov R V, Ilchenko E V, Popova N S, Genne D V, Control of the parameters of piezoelectric ultrasonic vibrating systems for the study of cavitation activity in liquid media 2015, (2015); Khmelev V N, Khmelev S S, Golikh R N, Evaluation of optimum modes and conditions of ultrasonic cavitation influence on high-viscous and non-newtonian liquid, Romanian Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, 12, pp. 20-28, (2015); Khmelev V N, Barsukov R V, Ilchenko E V, System for monitoring the properties of technological media when exposed to high-intensity ultrasonic fields, (2013); Khmelev V N, Shalunov A V, Genne D V, Barsukov R V, Nesterov V A, Investigation of the effect of the thickness of the liquid layer on the frequency characteristics of the oscillatory system, Science Bulletin of the NSTU, 76, pp. 97-114, (2019); Khmelev V N, Shalunov A V, Golykh R N, Nesterov V A, Ultrasound. Influence on systems with a carrier liquid phase, (2018); Donskoy A V, Keller O K, Kratysh G S, Ultrasonic electrotechnical installations Energoizdatelstvo Leningradskoe branch, 2, (1982)","Kovalev I.V.; Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall of the Russian Union of Scientific and Engineering Associations, 61 Uritskogo Street, Krasnoyarsk; Voroshilova A.A.; Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall of the Russian Union of Scientific and Engineering Associations, 61 Uritskogo Street, Krasnoyarsk; Testoyedov N.A.; JSC ""Academician M F Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems"", 52 Lenin Street, Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk",IOP Publishing Ltd,17426588,,,J. Phys. Conf. Ser.,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85097607286 ,Jasim H.H.,"Jasim, H.H. (57090616200)",57090616200,Investigating the effect of vibration on corrosion rate of crude oil storage tanks,2016,Materials and Corrosion,67,9,,988,993,5,3,10.1002/maco.201508764,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956647793&doi=10.1002%2fmaco.201508764&partnerID=40&md5=40f6803044697befe41f70af890b7610,"The present paper, deals with the influence of vibration and temperature on corrosion rate of ASTM A537 carbon steel used for crude oil storage tanks of Basrah oil fields in south Iraq. A mechanical vibration system equipped with temperature controller according to ASTM G32 standards test method was used to test and study the effect of vibration and temperature on the corrosion rates using immersion test method. Three types of crude oils: light, medium, and heavy crude oils were collected from tanks in southern Iraq. The experimental immersion test results demonstrated that the vibration increases the corrosion rate compared to static case. The light crude oil show larger values of corrosion and heavy crude oil show smaller values, while medium crude oil show moderate values. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",ASTM A537 carbon steel; corrosion; crude oil tank; immersion test; vibration,Acoustic wave absorption; Carbon steel; Corrosion; Crude oil; Oil fields; Oil tanks; Tanks (containers); Vibrations (mechanical); Crude oil storage; Effect of vibration; Heavy crude oil; Immersion tests; Moderate value; Temperature controllers; Test method; Vibration; vibration; Corrosion rate,"Cao H.Z., (2002); Subrata K.C., The Theory and Practice of Hydrodynamics and Vibration, Advance Serious in Ocean Engineering, 30, (2002); Nanjo H., Kurate Y., Asano O., Sanada N., Ikeuchi J., Corrosion, 46, (1990); Flowers G.T., Xie F., Bozack M., Malucci R.D., Proceedings of the, 48th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Connectors, pp. 133-139, (2002); Russell D.A., Snodgrass B., Corrosion 2005, (2005); Afshin M., Babak A., Am. J. Civil. Eng. Archit, 1, (2013); Abd El Hallem S.M., Ghayad I., Eisaa M., Nassif N., Shoeib M.A., Soliman H., Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 9, (2014); Saad Z.J., Jeremy C.G., Geology of Iraq, (2006); Lynn D.D., (2001); Gandy D., Carbon Steel Handbook, Electric Power Research institute, (2007); Narayanan T.S.N., Corrosion and Corrosion Preventive Methods, (2012); (2003); Mayer V.A., Annual Book of ASTM Standards Section 3, Material test methods and analytical procedures, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), pp. 94-109, (2002); Rober B., NACE Corrosion Engineering Preference Book, (2002); (2004)",,Wiley-VCH Verlag,9475117,,MTCRE,Mater. Corros.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84956647793 Bordeasu,Istrate D.; Bordeasu I.; Ghiban B.; Istrate B.; Sbarcea B.-G.; Ghera C.; Luca A.N.; Odagiu P.O.; Florea B.; Gubencu D.,"Istrate, Dionisie (57962117200); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Ghiban, Brândușa (23501106400); Istrate, Bogdan (36542331800); Sbarcea, Beatrice-Gabriela (57226355382); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Luca, Alexandru Nicolae (58020710300); Odagiu, Petrisor Ovidiu (58153386800); Florea, Bogdan (57222483043); Gubencu, Dinu (8220751200)",57962117200; 13409573100; 23501106400; 36542331800; 57226355382; 57038932100; 58020710300; 58153386800; 57222483043; 8220751200,Correlation between Mechanical Properties—Structural Characteristics and Cavitation Resistance of Rolled Aluminum Alloy Type 5083,2023,Metals,13,6,1067,,,,4,10.3390/met13061067,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163872430&doi=10.3390%2fmet13061067&partnerID=40&md5=a54a0b2210b030b492779bfce9996ee1,"The 5000 series aluminum alloy 5083 is distinguished by excellent processability, excellent welding characteristics, and a strong resilience to corrosion, particularly in maritime environments. It is employed in the manufacture of ships, automobiles, spacecraft, and industrial buildings. The goal of the current study is to determine whether there is any relationship between the mechanical properties, structural characteristics, and cavitation erosion properties of aluminum alloy 5083 in the H111 state (rolled from 454 °C to 399 °C and annealed at 343 °C by holding in cooled air), followed by artificial ageing at (180 °C) with three maintenance periods of 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h, and at (140 °C) with three maintenance periods of 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h. The cavitation resistance experiments of the experimental samples were performed in accordance with ASTM G32-2016. The resistance to cavitation erosion was determined by making mean erosion penetration rate (MDER) or mean depth of erosion (MDE) analytical diagrams according to the duration of the cavitation attack and by measuring the maximum depth of cavitation erosion in the samples analyzed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, a structural correlation between the condition of the artificially aged laminate alloy and its resistance to cavitation erosion could be achieved: ageing at 180 °C, maintained for 24 h, could lead to a maximum depth of cavitation erosion MDEmax of about 5 µm. © 2023 by the authors.",aluminum alloy 5083; artificial heat treatment; cavitation erosion resistance; rolled state,,"Huang K., Lui T., Chen L., Effect of microstructural feature on the tensile properties and vibration fracture resistance of friction stirred 5083 Alloy, J. 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Struct, 230, (2019); Torzewski J., Grzelak K., Wachowski M., Kosturek R., Microstructure and Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of AA5083 H111 Friction Stir Welded Joint, Materials, 13, (2020); Bordeasu D., Prostean O., Hatiegan C., Contributions to Modeling, Simulation and Controlling of a Pumping System Powered by a Wind Energy Conversion System, Energies, 14, (2021); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Bordeasu D., Duma S.T., Iosif A., Researches upon the cavitation erosion behaviour of austenite steels, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng, 106, (2016); Istrate I., Sarcea B.G., Demian A.M., Buzatu A.D., Salcianu L., Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Chera C., Florea B., Ghiban B., Correlation between Mechanical Properties—Structural Characteristics and Cavitation Resistance of Cast Aluminum Alloy type 5083, Crystals, 12, (2022); Tian N., Wang G., Zhou Y., Liu K., Zhao G., Zuo L., Study of the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) Characteristics of a 5083 Aluminum Alloy Sheet in Two Heat Treatment States, Materials, 11, (2018); Nakamura T., Obikawa T., Nishizaki I., Enomoto M., Fang Z., Friction Stir Welding of Non-Heat-Treatable High-Strength Alloy 5083-O, Metals, 8, (2018); Tamasgavabari R., Ebrahimi A., Abbasi S., Yazdipour A., The effect of harmonic vibration with a frequency below the resonant range on the mechanical properties of AA-5083-H321 aluminum alloy GMAW welded parts, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 736, (2018); Liu Y., Wang W., Xie J., Sun S., Wang L., Qian Y., Meng Y., Wei Y., Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum 5083 weldments by gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc welding, Mater. Sci, 549, pp. 7-13, (2012); Ma M., Lai R., Qin J., Wang B., Liu H., Yi D., Effect of weld reinforcement on tensile and fatigue properties of 5083 aluminum metal inert gas (MIG) welded joint: Experiments and numerical simulations, Int. J. Fatigue, 144, (2021); Corigliano P., Crupi V., Pei X., Dong P., DIC-based structural strain approach for low-cycle fatigue assessment of AA 5083 welded joints, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech, 116, (2021); Ma R., Truster T.J., Puplampu S.B., Penumadu D., Investigating mechanical degradation due to fire exposure of aluminum alloy 5083 using crystal plasticity finite element method, Int. J. Solids Struct, 134, pp. 151-160, (2018); Li J., Liu W.C., Zhai T., Kenik W.A., Comparison of recrystallization texture in cold-rolled continuous cast AA5083 and 5182 aluminum alloys, Scr. Mater, 52, pp. 163-168, (2005); Manzana M.E., Experimental Studies and Investigations Regarding the Structural Modifications Produced through Cavitation-Erosion in Different Metallic Materials, Ph.D. Thesis, (2012); Guragata M.C., Studies and Experimental Researches Concerning Plastic Forming and Erosion-Cavitation Behavior of Superalloy Type INCONEL 718, Ph.D. Thesis, (2021); Bordeasu I., Monografia Laboratorului de Cercetare a Eroziunii prin Cavitatie al Universitatii Polirehnica Timisoara (1960–2020), (2020); Man H.C., Kwok C.T., Yue T.M., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behaviour of laser surface alloyed MMC of SiC and Si3N4 on Al alloy AA6061, Surf. Coat. Technol, 132, pp. 11-20, (2000); Oanca V.O., Techniques for Optimizing the Resistance to Cavitation Erosion of Some CuAlNiFeMn Alloys Intended for the Execution of Naval Propellers, Ph.D. Thesis, (2014); Garcia R., Comprehensive Cavitation Damage Data for Water and Various Liquid Metals Including Correlation with Material and Fluid Properties, (1966); Hobbs J.M., Experience with a 20-kc Cavitation Erosion Test, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, pp. 159-185, (1967); Jean-Pierre F., Jean-Louis K., Karimi A., Fruman D.-H., Frechou D., Briancon-Marjollet L., Billard J.-Y., Belahadji B., Avellan F., Michel J.M., Physical Mechanisms and Industrial Aspects, (1995); Steller K., Reymann Z., Krzysztoowicz T., Evaluation of the resistance of materials to cavitational erosion, Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Fluid Machinery, 2; Sakai I., Shima A., On a New Representative Equation for Cavitation Damage Resistance of Materials, (1987); Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu V., New contributions to cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Trans, 34, pp. 39-43, (2006); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., A New Model for the Equation Describing the Cavitation Mean Depth Erosion Rate Curve, Rev. Chim, 68, pp. 894-898, (2017); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloys, J. Mater. Sci, 29, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Istrate D., Ghera C., Salcianu L., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.-C., Ostoia D., Heat Treatment Influence of Alloy 5083 on Cavitational Erosion Resistance, Hydraulica, 3, pp. 15-25, (2021); Bordeasu I., Ghera C., Istrate D., Salcianu L., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.-C., Suta A., Tomoiaga I., Et al., Resistance and Behavior to Cavitation Erosion of Semi-Finished Aluminum Alloy 5083, Hidraulica, 4, pp. 17-24, (2021); Tong Z., Jiao J., Zhou W., Yang Y., Chen L., Liu H., Sun Y., Ren X., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of AA5083 aluminum alloy by laser shock processing, Surf. Coat. Technol, 377, (2019); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, Rev. Chim, 58, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Bordeasu D., Prostean O., Filip I., Dragan F., Vasar C., Modelling, Simulation and Controlling of a Multi-Pump System with Water Storage Powered by a Fluctuating and Intermittent Power Source, Mathematics, 10, (2022); Geru N., Bane M., Analiza Structurii Materialelor Metalice, (1991); Bojin D., Miculescu F., Miculescu M., Microscopie Electronică de Baleiaj și Aplicații, (2005); Michette A., Pfauntsch S., X-Ray: The First Hundred Years, (1996); Szala M., Latka L., Walczak M., Winnicki M., Comparative Study on the Cavitation Erosion and Sliding Wear of Cold-Sprayed Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 Coatings, and Stainless Steel, Aluminium Alloy, Copper and Brass, Metals, 10, (2020); Tocci M., Pola A., Girelli L., Lollio F., Montesano L., Gelfi M., Wear and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of an AlMgSc Alloy Produced by DMLS, Metals, 9, (2019); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, (2016); He J., Liu X., Li B., Zhai J., Song J., Cavitation Erosion Characteristics for Different Metal Surface and Influencing Factors in Water Flowing System, Appl. Sci, 12, (2022); Lv Z., Hou R., Zhang Z., Fan Z., Effect of ultrasonic vibration on cavitation erosion of aluminum oxide in fluid jet machining, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol, 111, pp. 2911-2918, (2020); Hegde M., Kavanagh Y., Duffy B., Tobin E.F., Abrasion and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Multi-Layer Dip Coated Sol-Gel Coatings on AA2024-T3, Corros. Mater. Degrad, 3, pp. 661-671, (2022); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Frant F., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Ghera C., Cavitation Erosion Characteristics of the EN AW-6082 Aluminum Alloy by TIG Surface Remelting, Materials, 16, (2023); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Cosma D., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Microstructure and Cavitation Damage Characteristics of GX40CrNiSi25-20 Cast Stainless Steel by TIG Surface Remelting, Materials, 16, (2023); Wu L., Yang B., Han X., Ma G., Xu B., Liu Y., Song X., Tan C., The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5083, 6005A and 7N01 Aluminum Alloy Gas Metal Arc-Welded Joints for High-Speed Train: A Comparative Study, Metals, 12, (2022)",,MDPI,20754701,,,Metals,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85163872430 ,Szala M.; Chocyk D.; Skic A.; Kamiński M.; Macek W.; Turek M.,"Szala, Miroslaw (56545535000); Chocyk, Dariusz (6603385686); Skic, Anna (57189215547); Kamiński, Mariusz (56896761700); Macek, Wojciech (57205453526); Turek, Marcin (8328158400)",56545535000; 6603385686; 57189215547; 56896761700; 57205453526; 8328158400,Effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the cavitation erosion resistance and cobalt-based solid solution phase transformations of HIPed stellite 6,2021,Materials,14,9,2324,,,,23,10.3390/ma14092324,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105941706&doi=10.3390%2fma14092324&partnerID=40&md5=4c846be7d06977d42697c88c326e5923,"From the wide range of engineering materials traditional Stellite 6 (cobalt alloy) exhibits excellent resistance to cavitation erosion (CE). Nonetheless, the influence of ion implantation of cobalt alloys on the CE behaviour has not been completely clarified by the literature. Thus, this work investigates the effect of nitrogen ion implantation (NII) of HIPed Stellite 6 on the improvement of resistance to CE. Finally, the cobalt-rich matrix phase transformations due to both NII and cavitation load were studied. The CE resistance of stellites ion-implanted by 120 keV N+ ions two fluences: 5*1016 cm-2 and 1*1017 cm-2 were comparatively analysed with the unimplanted stellite and AISI 304 stainless steel. CE tests were conducted according to ASTM G32 with stationary specimen method. Erosion rate curves and mean depth of erosion confirm that the nitrogen-implanted HIPed Stellite 6 two times exceeds the resistance to CE than unimplanted stellite, and has almost ten times higher CE reference than stainless steel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that NII of HIPed Stellite 6 favours transformation of the ""(hcp) to (fcc) structure. Unimplanted stellite ""-rich matrix is less prone to plastic deformation than and consequently, increase of phase effectively holds carbides in cobalt matrix and prevents Cr7C3 debonding. This phenomenon elongates three times the CE incubation stage, slows erosion rate and mitigates the material loss. Metastable structure formed by ion implantation consumes the cavitation load for work-hardening and ! "" martensitic transformation. In further CE stages, phases transform as for unimplanted alloy namely, the cavitation-inducted recovery process, removal of strain, dislocations resulting in increase of phase. The CE mechanism was investigated using a surface profilometer, atomic force microscopy, SEM-EDS and XRD. HIPed Stellite 6 wear behaviour relies on the plastic deformation of cobalt matrix, starting at Cr7C3/matrix interfaces. Once the Cr7C3 particles lose from the matrix restrain, they debond from matrix and are removed from the material. Carbides detachment creates cavitation pits which initiate cracks propagation through cobalt matrix, that leads to loss of matrix phase and as a result the CE proceeds with a detachment of massive chunk of materials. © 2021 by the authors.",Cavitation erosion; Cobalt alloy; Damage mechanism; Failure analysis; Ion implantation; Phase transformation; Stellite 6; Wear,Atomic force microscopy; Carbides; Cavitation; Chromium compounds; Cobalt alloys; Erosion; Ion implantation; Ions; Martensitic transformations; Nitrogen; Plastic deformation; Stellite; Strain hardening; X ray diffraction; AISI-304 stainless steel; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cracks propagation; Engineering materials; Mean depth of erosions; Metastable structures; Nitrogen ion implantations; Surface profilometers; Linear transformations,"Baumann E., Terry I.R., The EPR: A Clear Step Forward in Dose Reduction and Radiation Protection, Nucl. Eng. 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A, 46, pp. 587-599, (2015); Xue L., Chapter 16-Laser Consolidation-A Rapid Manufacturing Process for Making Net-Shape Functional Components, Advances in Laser Materials Processing, pp. 461-505, (2018); Mousavi S.E., Naghshehkesh N., Amirnejad M., Shammakhi H., Sonboli A., Wear and Corrosion Properties of Stellite-6 Coating Fabricated by HVOF on Nickel-Aluminium Bronze Substrate, Met. Mater. Int, (2020); Lucchetta G., Giusti R., Vezzu S., Bariani P.F., Investigation and Characterization of Stellite-Based Wear-Resistant Coatings Applied to Steel Moulds by Cold-Spray, CIRP Ann, 64, pp. 535-538, (2015); Singh R., Kumar D., Mishra S.K., Tiwari S.K., Laser Cladding of Stellite 6 on Stainless Steel to Enhance Solid Particle Erosion and Cavitation Resistance, Surf. Coat. Technol, 251, pp. 87-97, (2014); Houdkova S., Pala Z., Smazalova E., Vostrak M., C esanek Z., Microstructure and SlidingWear Properties of HVOF Sprayed, Laser Remelted and Laser Clad Stellite 6 Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 318, pp. 129-141, (2017); Valicek J., R ehor J., Harnicarova M., Gombar M., Kusnerova M., Fulemova J., Vagaska A., Investigation of Surface Roughness and Predictive Modelling of Machining Stellite 6, Materials, 12, (2019); Malayoglu U., Neville A., Comparing the Performance of HIPed and Cast Stellite 6 Alloy in Liquid-Solid Slurries, Wear, 255, pp. 181-194, (2003); Ratia V.L., Zhang D., Carrington M.J., Daure J.L., McCartney D.G., Shipway P.H., Stewart D.A., The Effect of Temperature on Sliding Wear of Self-Mated HIPed Stellite 6 in a Simulated PWR Water Environment, Wear, 420-421, pp. 215-225, (2019); Yu H., Ahmed R., Lovelock H.d.V., Davies S., Influence of Manufacturing Process and Alloying Element Content on the Tribomechanical Properties of Cobalt-Based Alloys, J. 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Prior to thermal spray, substrates were preheated to 150 and 300 °C. The size distribution of pores on the surface of coatings (as-sprayed and eroded) was estimated specifically to investigate its influences on the surface degradation during cavitation erosion. The results indicate that high feedstock size leads to high porosity of coating and low microhardness along with low resistance against cavitation erosion. Additionally, preheating processes could improve the coating resistance against cavitation erosion. The pore size distribution analysis results reveal that initial pores grow up and coalesce and cavitation pits format during cavitation erosion tests. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd",Cavitation erosion; Size distribution of pore; Surface degradation; YSZ,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Coatings; Erosion; Feedstocks; Plasma jets; Pore size; Size distribution; Sprayed coatings; Yttria stabilized zirconia; Zirconia; Coating resistance; High porosity; Low resistance; Plasma sprayed; Preheating process; Surface degradation; YSZ coatings; Yttria stabilized zirconia coatings; Plasma spraying,"Cernuschi F., Guardamagna C., Capelli S., Lorenzoni L., Mack D.E., Moscatelli A., Solid particle erosion of standard and advanced thermal barrier coatings, Wear, 348-349, pp. 43-51, (2016); Santos R.L.P., Buciumeanu M., Silva F.S., Souza J.C.M., Nascimento R.M., Motta F.V., Et al., Tribological behavior of zirconia-reinforced glass–ceramic composites in artificial saliva, Tribol Int, 103, pp. 379-387, (2016); Yu J., He H., Jian Q., Zhang W., Zhang Y., Yuan W., Tribochemical wear of phosphate laser glass against silica ball in water, Tribol Int, 104, pp. 10-18, (2016); 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(7005740699)",7005740699,Recommended procedures to test the resistance of materials to cavitation erosion,2018,Materials Performance and Characterization,7,5,,,,,1,10.1520/MPC20180086,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052986015&doi=10.1520%2fMPC20180086&partnerID=40&md5=bd7d808f947a2e111855d93963dd6d9a,"Predicting cavitation erosion under full-scale operating conditions is difficult and relies on laboratory testing using accelerated methods such as ASTM G32-09, Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, and ASTM G134-95, Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet. The main difficulty is that full-scale cavitation intensity is often unknown, and correlating cavitation field characteristics of the accelerated method and the full scale is not obvious. The problem is more acute for compliant polymeric coatings, used for protection or repair of parts subject to cavitation. Extensive testing of such materials shows that, unlike metallic surfaces, they are highly resistant to low-intensity cavitation but fail catastrophically when the intensity exceeds a certain threshold. Such behavior creates the risk of accepting a candidate coating for its resistance to cavitation if the coating was tested at a low cavitation intensity not representative of the application field conditions. This highlights the need to conduct tests with a range of cavitation intensities rather than a single intensity. This article uses results from extensive tests under various forms of cavitation to propose a generalized definition of cavitation intensity. It then presents data on the response of both metals and polymeric coatings to various levels of accelerated cavitation. A new method to test the coatings at varying cavitation intensities is then presented. 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Technol., 126, 2, pp. 213-217, (2004); Nemat-Nasser S., Experimental Characterization of Polyurea with Constitutive Modeling and Simulation, The ERC ACTD Workshop, (2004); Yi J., Boyce M.C., Lee G.F., Balizer E., Large Deformation Rate-Dependent Stress-Strain Behavior of Polyurea and Polyurethanes, Polymer, 47, 1, pp. 319-329, (2006); Holzworth K., Jia Z., Amirkhizi A.V., Qiao J., Nemat-Nasser S., Effect of Isocyanate Content on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyurea, Polymer, 54, 12, pp. 3079-3085, (2013); Hsiao C.-T., Chahine G.L., Scaling of Tip Vortex Cavitation Inception Noise with a Bubble Dynamics Model Accounting for Nuclei Size Distribution, J. Fluids Eng., 127, pp. 55-65, (2005)",,ASTM International,21653992,,,Mater. Perform. Charact.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85052986015 ,Taillon G.; Onishi K.; Mineshima T.; Miyagawa K.,"Taillon, G. (55820536700); Onishi, K. (57208131591); Mineshima, T. (57208127275); Miyagawa, K. (7101610882)",55820536700; 57208131591; 57208127275; 7101610882,Statistical analysis of cavitation erosion impacts in a vibratory apparatus with copulas,2019,IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,240,6,62035,,,,4,10.1088/1755-1315/240/6/062035,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063933812&doi=10.1088%2f1755-1315%2f240%2f6%2f062035&partnerID=40&md5=bc5f87dd6f9c591d877dda750f73847b,"A method of analysis of cavitation peaks (impact events) using copulas is developed. Impact events, otherwise known as peaks, are defined as maximum in the pressure amplitude applied to a material surface. These impact events were measured using a high speed pressure sensor in a cavitation apparatus based on the ASTM G32 standard. A total of 46180 impacts were measured over 100 realizations of 4ms long recording. First, the impact duration and amplitude's joint marginals are modeled as gamma distribution (part of the exponential family), determined by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS test). Then, copulas enable the study of the dependence structure of the measured impacts characteristics. The measured parameters are shown to not be independent but instead have a complex, asymmetric dependence structure. There are almost no impacts that have a combination of a high amplitude (>12MPa) and low duration (<5μs). The Tawn copula best fitted the data, as determined by a maximum likelihood method. An extension of the KS test to two dimensions demonstrated that the copula is a better fit compared with a joint distribution of independent marginals. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Cavitation; Computational complexity; Maximum likelihood; Dependence structures; Exponential family; Gamma distribution; Joint distributions; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Maximum likelihood methods; Measured parameters; Pressure amplitudes; Hydraulic machinery,"Kim K.-H., Chahine G., Franc J.-P., Karimi A., Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, 106, (2014); Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra S.K., Cavitation Erosion in Hydraulic Turbine Components and Mitigation by Coatings: Current Status and Future Needs, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 21, 7, pp. 1539-1551, (2012); Hattori S., Hirose T., Sugiyama K., Prediction method for cavitation erosion based on measurement of bubble collapse impact loads, Wear, 269, 7-8, pp. 507-514, (2010); Franc J.P., Riondet M., Karimi A., Chahine G.L., Impact load measurements in an erosive cavitating flow, J. Fluids Eng., 133, 12, pp. 121301-121308, (2011); Momma T., Lichtarowicz A., A study of pressures and erosion produced by collapsing cavitation, Wear, 186-187, pp. 425-436, (1995); Singh S., Choi J.-K., Chahine G.L., Characterization of cavitation fields from measured pressure signals of cavitating jets and ultrasonic horns, J. Fluids Eng., 135, 9, pp. 091302-091311, (2013); Soyama H., Kumano H., The fundamental threshold level - A new parameter for predicting cavitation erosion resistance, J. Ttesting and Eval., 30, pp. 5-431, (2002); Callister W.D., Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, (2007); Johnson G.R., Cook W.H., 7th Int. 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Sci.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85063933812 ,Genna S.; Leone C.; Mingione E.; Rubino G.,"Genna, Silvio (55813259300); Leone, Claudio (7101722138); Mingione, Emanuele (57219352410); Rubino, Gianluca (57220697866)",55813259300; 7101722138; 57219352410; 57220697866,Surface treatments for the improvement of mechanical and cavitation resistance of Al 6082 alloy,2023,International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,129,11-Dec,,5149,5165,16,0,10.1007/s00170-023-12411-z,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176936262&doi=10.1007%2fs00170-023-12411-z&partnerID=40&md5=ef346fc2fba151a27ccba77078d56545,"Nowadays, naval propellers are made in Ni-Al or Mn-Al bronzes, which are affected by high cavitation erosion. In this study, the possibility of adopting 6xxx alloy with different superficial treatments obtained through fluidised beds and laser surface texturing was investigated. 6xxx alloy series is known for its versatility due to an excellent mix of mechanical and physical properties, combined with ease of processing, welding, and good chemical resistance; however, its main drawback is low resistance to cavitation erosion. In this study, a total of 4 different surface treatments were produced and characterized such as fluidised bed coatings (Al2O3, S280) and laser textured samples (0–30% overlap). Moreover, the effect of a heat-treatment was evaluated for each kind of specimen analysed. The study was divided into two steps: in the first phase, the samples were morphologically and mechanically characterised through roughness measurements, micro-hardness, scratch, wear, and wettability tests. Successively, a modified ASTM-G32-10 standard was adopted to assess the cavitation erosion resistance; in particular, for each sample, mass and volume loss were analysed and compared to the as-built sample. Results showed a drastic reduction of the wear evaluated through pin-on-disk tests with the application of the high hardness coatings (Al2O3, S280) while a reduction of the cavitation erosion volume of about 20% lower was obtained through the best laser texturing treatment. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.",AA6082; Cavitation erosion; Coatings; Fluidised bed; Surface treatments,Alumina; Aluminum alloys; Aluminum oxide; Binary alloys; Bronze; Cavitation; Fluidization; Fluidized beds; Manganese alloys; Microhardness; Textures; Wear of materials; % reductions; 6xxx alloys; Aa6082; Al bronze; Bed surface; Cavitation resistance; Fluidised bed; Laser surface texturing; Mechanical resistance; Superficial treatments; Erosion,"Chowdhury S.G., Mondal A., Gubicza J., Krallics G., Fodor A., Evolution of microstructure and texture in an ultrafine-grained Al6082 alloy during severe plastic deformation, Mater Sci Eng A, 490, pp. 335-342, (2008); Sabirov I., Yang C., Mullins J., Hodgson P.D., A theoretical study of the structure-property relations in ultra-fine metallic materials with fractal microstructures, Mater Sci Eng A, 559, pp. 543-548, (2013); Karupannasamy D.K., SasiKumar K.S.K., Shankar S., Experimental and numerical analysis of impact strength of Al6082 for automotive structural applications, Mater Today Proc, 33, pp. 2863-2867, (2020); Bugio T.M.A., Martins R.F., Leal das Neves L., Failure analysis of fuel tanks of a lightweight ship, Eng Fail Anal, 35, pp. 272-285, (2013); Glazoff M.V., Khvan A.V., Zolotorevsky V.S., Belov N.A., Dinsdale A.T., Industrial and perspective casting alloys, Cast Alum Alloy, pp. 405-510, (2019); On the mechanisms of cavitation damage and methods of protection, Trans, 73, pp. 241-286, (1965); Brassard J.D., Sarkar D.K., Perron J., Fluorine based superhydrophobic coatings, Appl Sci, 2, pp. 453-464, (2012); Hegde M., Mohan J., Warraich M.Q.M., Kavanagh Y., Duffy B., Tobin E.F., Cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance of hydrophobic sol-gel coatings on aluminium alloy, Wear, pp. 524-525, (2023); Org W.E., Zhang K., Wu J., Chu P., Ge Y., Zhao R., Li X., A novel CVD Method for rapid fabrication of superhydrophobic surface on aluminum alloy coated nanostructured cerium-oxide and its corrosion resistance, Int J Electrochem Sci, 10, pp. 6257-6272, (2015); 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Rubino G., Trovalusci F., Barletta M., Fanelli P., Heat treatment of AA 6082 T6 aluminum alloy coated with thin Al2O3 layer by fluidized bed, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 96, pp. 2605-2618, (2018); Kinoshita H., Ogasahara A., Fukuda Y., Ohmae N., Superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic micropatterning on a carbon nanotube film using a laser plasma-type hyperthermal atom beam facility, Carbon N Y, 48, pp. 4403-4408, (2010); Han X., Zhang Z., Hou J., Barber G.C., Qiu F., Tribological behavior of shot peened/austempered AISI 5160 steel, Tribol Int, 145, (2020); Martin V., Vazquez J., Navarro C., Dominguez J., Effect of shot peening residual stresses and surface roughness on fretting fatigue strength of Al 7075-T651, Tribol Int, 142, (2020); Luo K.Y., Yao H.X., Dai F.Z., Lu J.Z., Surface textural features and its formation process of AISI 304 stainless steel subjected to massive LSP impacts, Opt Lasers Eng, 55, pp. 136-142, (2014); Xu G., Lu J.Z., Cui C.Y., Luo K.Y., Effects of laser shock peening (LSP) on the microhardness, residual stress and microstructure in the weld joint of a stainless steel tube resistance, LIE, 43, pp. 67-80, (2019); Jeng Y.R., Lee J.T., Hwu Y.J., Liu L.C., Lu C.Y., Effects of operation parameters of cold rolling on surface finish of aluminum, Tribol Int, 148, (2020); Valiev R.Z., Langdon T.G., Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement, Prog Mater Sci, 51, pp. 881-981, (2006); Mukai T., Yamanoi M., Watanabe H., Higashi K., Ductility enhancement in AZ31 magnesium alloy by controlling its grain structure, Scr Mater, 45, pp. 89-94, (2001); Saeidi K., Gao X., Zhong Y., Shen Z.J., Hardened austenite steel with columnar sub-grain structure formed by laser melting, Mater Sci Eng A, 625, pp. 221-229, (2015); Raami L., Varis T., Valtonen K., Wendler M., Volkova O., Peura P., Enhancing the cavitation erosion resistance of AISI 420-type stainless steel with quenching and partitioning, Wear, pp. 526-527, (2023); Astarita A., Genna S., Leone C., Minutolo F.M.C., Rubino F., Squillace A., Study of the laser remelting of a cold sprayed titanium layer, in: Procedia CIRP, pp. 452-457, (2015); Bonek M., Encycl Tribol, pp. 1938-1948, (2013); Rubino F., Astarita A., Carlone P., Genna S., Leone C., Memola Capece Minutolo F., Squillace A., Selective laser post-treatment on titanium cold spray coatings, Mater Manuf Process, 31, pp. 1500-1506, (2016); Viscusi A., Astarita A., Genna S., Leone C., On the influence of different superficial laser texturing on the deposition of powders through cold spray process, Trans Inst Met Finish, 96, pp. 34-40, (2018); Genna S., Giannini O., Guarino S., Ponticelli G.S., Tagliaferri F., Laser texturing of AISI 304 stainless steel: experimental analysis and genetic algorithm optimisation to control the surface wettability, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 110, pp. 3005-3022, (2020); Sexton L., Lavin S., Byrne G., Kennedy A., Laser cladding of aerospace materials, J Mater Process Technol, 122, pp. 63-68, (2002); Weng F., Chen C., Yu H., Research status of laser cladding on titanium and its alloys: a review, Mater Des, 58, pp. 412-425, (2014); Tomlinson W.J., Talks M.G., Laser surface processing and the cavitation erosion of a 16 wt.% Cr white cast iron, Wear, 139, pp. 269-284, (1990); Giren B.G., Cavitation erosion of steels processed with laser beam and optical discharge plasma; Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Micu L.M., Oanca O.V., Bordeasu D., Pugna A., Bordeasu C., Laser beam treatment effect on AMPCO M4 bronze cavitation erosion resistance, IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, 85, (2015); Man H.C., Kwok C.T., Yue T.M., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behaviour of laser surface alloyed MMC of SiC and Si3N4 on Al alloy AA6061, Surf Coatings Technol, 132, pp. 11-20, (2000); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation erosion and pitting corrosion of laser surface melted stainless steels, Surf Coatings Technol, 99, pp. 295-304, (1998); Ponticelli G.S., Tagliaferri F., Genna S., Venettacci S., Giannini O., Guarino S., Soft computing techniques for laser-induced surface wettability control, Mater, 14, (2021); G32-16 - Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus., (2021); Fahim J., Hadavi S.M.M., Ghayour H., Hassanzadeh Tabrizi S.A., Cavitation erosion behavior of super-hydrophobic coatings on Al5083 marine aluminum alloy, Wear, 424-425, pp. 122-132, (2019); Song Q.N., Xu N., Bao Y.F., Jiang Y.F., Gu W., Zheng Y.G., Qiao Y.X., Corrosion and cavitation erosion behaviors of two marine propeller materials in clean and sulfide-polluted 3.5%NaCl solutions, Acta Metall Sin. English Lett, 30, pp. 712-720, (2017); Tang C.H., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of a copper-based propeller alloy by laser surface melting, Surf Coatings Technol, 182, pp. 300-307, (2004); Basumatary J., Nie M., Wood R.J.K., The synergistic effects of cavitation erosion–corrosion in ship propeller materials, J Bio- Tribo-Corrosion, 1, pp. 1-12, (2015); Atzeni E., Genna S., Menna E., Rubino G., Salmi A., Trovalusci F., Surface finishing of additive manufactured ti-6al-4v alloy: a comparison between abrasive fluidized bed and laser finishing, Materials (Basel), 14, (2021); Baiocco G., Rubino G., Ucciardello N., Heat treatment of AZ91 magnesium alloy coated with an Al2O3 thin film with fluidized bed technology, Materials, 12, (2019)",,Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH,2683768,,IJATE,Int J Adv Manuf Technol,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85176936262 ,Hyun K.; Kim S.-J.,"Hyun, Koangyong (57038306000); Kim, Seong-Jong (34769651100)",57038306000; 34769651100,Cavitation and electrochemical characteristics in seawater by water cavitation peening of 5083-o al alloy for ships,2017,Surface Review and Letters,24,6,1750076,,,,3,10.1142/S0218625X17500767,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85007428033&doi=10.1142%2fS0218625X17500767&partnerID=40&md5=41a33131bbce7661e6f31eb235435f75,"Aluminum (Al) alloy ships are vulnerable to both damage from chlorine ions in seawater environments and cavitation-erosion due to fast relative motion of metal and liquid resulting from lightweight and high-speed vessels moving through seawater. These corrosive processes cause damage to the hulls of ships, resulting in large economic losses. Recently, cavitation peening technology to improve the durability of a material has been in development. The technology works by forming compressive residual stress on the surface layer of the material in order to improve fatigue strength and fatigue life. In this study, we performed a water cavitation peening (WCP) on a 5083-O Al alloy for ships by applying an ultrasonic piezoelectric effect and cavitation effect, as described in ASTM-G32. From these experiments, we determined an optimum WCP duration, 2.5min, for sufficient cavitation resistance characteristics. This timing improved cavitation resistance by 48.68% compared to the untreated condition. A comprehensive comparison of all of results revealed that the optimum WCP duration was 3min with respect to the point of cavitation and corrosion resistance. © 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company.",Al alloy ships; cavitation; corrosion resistance; water cavitation peening,Aluminum; Aluminum alloys; Cavitation; Corrosion; Corrosion resistance; Fatigue of materials; Losses; Piezoelectricity; Residual stresses; Seawater; Ships; Al alloy ships; Cavitation resistance; Comprehensive comparisons; Compressive residual stress; Electrochemical characteristics; High speed vessels; Seawater environment; Water cavitation peening; Hulls (ship),"Kim S., Hyun K., Jang S., Curr. Appl. Phys, 12, (2012); Wanger L., Mater. Sci. Eng. A Struct. Mater, 263, (1999); Jones I.R., Edward D.H., J. Fluid Mech, 7, (1960); McCormick B.W., J. Basic Eng, 84, (1962); Momma T., Lichtarowicz A., Wear, 425, pp. 186-187, (1995); Soyama H., Lichtarowicz A., Momma T., ASME FED, 236, (1996); Oguchi K., Enoki M., Hirata N., Mater. Trans, 56, (2015); Chen J., Han B., Li B., Shen Z., Lu J., Ni X., J. Appl. Phys, 109, (2011); Philipp A., Lauterborn W., J. Fluid Mech, 361, (1988); Tomlinson W.J., Moule R.T., Blount G.N., Wear, 118, (1987); Soyama H., Kikuch T., Mall S., Tribol. Lett, 17, (2004); Han B., Ju D.Y., Jia W.P., Appl Surf. Sci, 253, (2007); Rajesh N., Ramesh B.N., J. Produc. Eng, 86, (2005); Sato M., Takakuwa O., Nakai M., Niinomi M., Takeo F., Soyama H., Mater. Sci. Appl, 7, (2016); Takakuwa O., Soyama H., Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 37, (2012); Soyama H., Takeo F., J. Mater. Process. Technol, 227, (2016); Brujan E.A., Ikeda T., Matsumoto Y., Exp. Therm. Fluid. Sci, 32, (2008); Abdullah A., Malaki M., Baghizadeh E., Proc. IMechE C J. Mech. Eng. Sci, 226, (2011); Kim G.H., Master's Thesis, A Study on Surface Hardering of Carbon Steels by Shot Peening, (2009)",,World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd,0218625X,,SRLEF,Surf. Rev. Lett.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85007428033 ,Pola A.; Montesano L.; Tocci M.; La Vecchia G.M.,"Pola, Annalisa (8616888900); Montesano, Lorenzo (36806747600); Tocci, Marialaura (55797597700); La Vecchia, Giovina Marina (7004576430)",8616888900; 36806747600; 55797597700; 7004576430,Influence of ultrasound treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi7 alloy,2017,Materials,10,3,256,,,,33,10.3390/ma10030256,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015072856&doi=10.3390%2fma10030256&partnerID=40&md5=724e6b2645bbd2233021c7ddbdab08bd,"Ultrasound treatment of liquid aluminum alloys is known to improve mechanical properties of castings. Aluminum foundry alloys are frequently used for production of parts that undergo severe cavitation erosion phenomena during service. In this paper, the effect of the ultrasound treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi7 alloy was assessed and compared to that of conventionally cast samples. Cavitation erosion tests were performed according to ASTM G32 standard on as-cast and heat treated castings. The response of the alloy in each condition was investigated by measuring the mass loss as a function of cavitation time and by analyzing the damaged surfaces by means of optical and scanning electron microscope. It was pointed out that the ultrasound treatment increases the cavitation erosion resistance of the alloy, as a consequence of the higher chemical and microstructural homogeneity, the finer grains and primary particles and the refined structure of the eutectic induced by the treatment itself. © 2017 by the authors.",AlSi7; Cavitation erosion; SEM; Ultrasound treatment,Aluminum; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Scanning electron microscopy; Ultrasonics; AlSi7; Aluminum foundries; Cavitation erosion resistance; Conventionally casts; Microstructural homogeneity; Primary particles; Refined structures; Ultrasound treatments; Aluminum alloys,"Davis J.R., Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, pp. 1-97, (1999); Plesset M.S., Chapman R.B., Collapse of an Initially Spherical Vapour Cavity in the Neighbourhood of a Solid Boundary, J. Fluid Mech, 47, pp. 283-290, (1971); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion of face centered cubic metals, Met. 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Anal, 13, pp. 925-932, (2006); Trethewey K.R., Haley T.J., Clark C.C., Effect of ultrasonically induced cavitation on corrosion behaviour of a copper-manganese-aluminium alloy, Br. Corros. J, 23, pp. 55-60, (1988); Hucinska J., Glowacka M., Cavitation erosion of copper and copper-based alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 32, pp. 1325-1333, (2001); Wade E.H.R., Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion of iron and steel, Metall. Trans. A, 9, pp. 1299-1310, (1978); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Ball A., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, pp. 311-327, (1982); Bregliozzi G., di Schino A., Ahmed S.I.U., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergistic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of various engineering alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 290, pp. 145-154, (2000); Dos Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Leung L.K., Effect of temperature, pH and sulphide on the cavitation erosion behavior of super duplex stainless steel, Wear, 211, pp. 84-93, (1997); Wu S.K., Lin H.C., Yeh C.H., A comparison of the cavitation erosion resistance of TiNi alloys, SUS304 stainless steel and Ni-based self-fluxing alloy, Wear, 244, pp. 85-93, (2000); Heathcock C.J., Ball A., Protheroe B.E., Cavitation erosion of cobalt-based Stellite® alloys, cemented carbides and surface-treated low alloy steels, Wear, 74, pp. 11-26, (1981); Richman R.H., Rao A.S., Hodgson D.E., Cavitation erosion of two NiTi alloys, Wear, 157, pp. 401-407, (1992); Neville A., McDougall B.A.B., Erosion-and cavitation-corrosion of titanium and its alloys, Wear, 250, pp. 726-735, (2001); Feller H.G., Kharrazi Y., Cavitation erosion of metals and alloys, Wear, 93, pp. 249-2606, (1984); Mochizuki H., Yokota M., Hattori S., Effects of materials and solution temperatures on cavitation erosion of pure titanium and titanium alloy in seawater, Wear, 262, pp. 522-528, (2007); Stinebring D.R., Arndt R.E.A., Holl J.W., Scaling of Cavitation Damage, J. Hydronaut, 11, pp. 67-73, (1977); Lee S.J., Kim K.H., Kim S.J., Surface analysis of Al-Mg alloy series for ship after cavitation test, Surf. Interface Anal, 44, pp. 1389-1392, (2011); Rao B.C.S., Buckley D.H., Erosion of aluminum 6061-T6 under cavitation attack in mineral oil and water, Wear, 105, pp. 171-182, (1985); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron and nonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Laguna-Camacho J.R., Lewis R., Vite-Torres M., Mendez-Mendez J.V., A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301, pp. 467-476, (2013); Kaufman J.G., Aluminum Casting Alloy: Properties, Processes, and Applications, Aluminum Casting Alloy: Properties, pp. 17-20, (2004); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloys, J. Mater. Sci, 29, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Dybowski B., Szala M., Kielbus T., Hejwowski, Microstructural phenomena occurring during early stages of cavitation erosion of Al-Si aluminium casting alloys, Solid State Phenom, 227, pp. 255-258, (2015); Lupinca C.I., Nedeloni M.D., Comparative study regarding the cavitation erosion behavior of Cu and Al alloys, IJLRST, 3, pp. 95-99, (2014); Maksimovic V.M., Devecerski A.B., Dosen A., Bobic I., Eric M.D., Volkov-Husovic T., Comparative study on cavitation erosion resistance of A356 alloy and A356FA5 composite, Trans. Indian. Inst. Met, pp. 1-9, (2016); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloy matrix/ceramic composites, J. Mater. Sci. Lett, 13, pp. 170-173, (1994); Cosic M., Dojcinovic M., Acimovic-Pavlovic Z., Fabrication and behaviour of Al-Si/SiC composite in cavitation conditions, Int. J. Cast Met. Res, 27, pp. 49-55, (2014); Pola A., Montesano L., Sinagra C., Gelfi M., La Vecchia G.M., Effect of globular microstructure on cavitation erosion resistance of aluminium alloys, Solid State Phenom, 256, pp. 51-57, (2016); Arrighini A., Gelfi M., Pola A., Roberti R., Effect of ultrasound treatment of AlSi5 liquid alloy on corrosion resistance, Mater. Corros, 61, pp. 218-221, (2010); Eskin G.I., Eskin G.D., Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts, pp. 75-181, (2015); Naji Meidani A.R., Hasan M., A study of hydrogen bubble growth during ultrasonic degassing of Al-Cu alloy melts, J. Mater. Process. Technol, 147, pp. 311-332, (2004); Abramov O.V., Action of high intensity ultrasound on solidifying metal, Ultrasonics, 25, pp. 73-82, (1987); Pola A., Montesano L., Gelfi M., Roberti R., La Vecchia G.M., Aluminum segregation in ZA27 rheocast alloy, Solid State Phenom, 217-218, pp. 75-82, (2014); Abramov V.O., Abramov O.V., Straumal B.B., Gust W., Hypereutectic Al-Si based alloys with a thixotropic microstructure produced by ultrasonic treatment, Mater. Des, 18, pp. 323-326, (1997); Pola A., Roberti R., Bertoli E., Furloni D., Design and production of new aluminum thixotropic alloys for the manufacture of structural components by semisolid die casting, Solid State Phenom, 116-117, pp. 58-63, (2006); Montesano L., Tocci M., Cosio D., Pola A., Trattamento ad ultrasuoni in tazza per migliorare la qualità dei getti colati in conchiglia, Proceedings of the XXXIII Congresso Nazionale di Fonderia, (2016); Determination of Grain Size, (1988); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); Puga H., Barbosa J., Costa S., Ribeiro S., Pinto A.M.P., Prokic M., Influence of indirect ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al-Si-Cu alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 560, pp. 589-595, (2013); Abramov V., Abramov O., Bulgakov V., Sommer F., Solidification of aluminium alloys under ultrasonic irradiation using water-cooled resonator, Mater. Lett, 37, pp. 27-34, (1998); Youn J.I., Kang B.I., Ko D.G., Kim Y.J., Effects of sonoprocessing on microstructure and mechanical properties of A390 aluminium alloy, Int. J. Cast. Met. Res, 21, pp. 135-138, (2008); Gao X.P., Li X.T., Qie X.W., Wu Y.P., Li X.M., Li T.J., Effect of high-intensity ultrasound on restraining solute segregation in Al-Si alloy casting process, Acta Phys. Sin, 56, pp. 1188-1194, (2007); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, Int. Mater. Rev, 31, pp. 1-26, (1986); Sjolander E., Seifeddine S., The heat treatment of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloys, J. Mater. Process. Technol, 210, pp. 1249-1259, (2010); Chen H., Li J., Chen D., Wang J., Damages on steel surface at the incubation stage of the vibration cavitation erosion in water, Wear, 265, pp. 692-698, (2008)",,MDPI AG,19961944,,,Mater.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85015072856 ,Ronzani A.G.; Pukasiewicz A.G.M.; da Silva Custodio R.M.; de Vasconcelos G.; de Oliveira A.C.C.,"Ronzani, Antonio Guilherme (57216867528); Pukasiewicz, Anderson Geraldo Marenda (6504614452); da Silva Custodio, Renan Michel (57216852958); de Vasconcelos, Getúlio (6506495365); de Oliveira, Ana Claudia Costa (57198475635)",57216867528; 6504614452; 57216852958; 6506495365; 57198475635,Cavitation resistance of tungsten carbide applied on AISI 1020 steel by HVOF and remelted with CO2 laser,2020,Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering,42,6,316,,,,1,10.1007/s40430-020-02382-7,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085032687&doi=10.1007%2fs40430-020-02382-7&partnerID=40&md5=44fa197af40e6b15a2c08b0937ff0ef9,"In engineering, there are major concerns about cavitation wear, as well as erosion, caused by the transport of abrasive sediments in hydraulic installations, like pumps and turbines, due to the damage these phenomena can cause in pumping stations and hydroelectric plants. Several studies are proposed to reduce this problem, like component design alteration and deposition of coatings with different materials that can be optimized for different wear issues. The objective of this work was to characterize and analyze the cavitation erosion of AISI 1020 steel samples coated with WC10Co4Cr deposited by high-velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) and laser-remelted with CO2 laser beam to evaluate the influence of this process in the cavitation erosion resistance of the coating. Microstructure, before and after laser treatment, was analyzed by means of optical and scanning electronical microscopy with SEM/EDS, indicated the metallurgical bonding between substrate and coating and a thickness reduction in the initial coating sprayed by HVOF of 100–35 µm after laser irradiation, with an enhanced coating hardness (20%) near the surface. The cavitation erosion resistance evaluated using vibratory ultrasonic equipment, according ASTM G32-92 standard, indicated a reduction of 40% after laser treatment. This performance could be attributed to the surface densification of the HVOF-sprayed coating. © 2020, The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering.",Abrasive wear; Coating; HVOF; Laser; Thermal spraying,Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide lasers; Cavitation; Erosion; Fuels; Hydraulic motors; Laser beams; Sprayed coatings; Tungsten carbide; Wear of materials; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation resistance; Coating hardness; High velocity oxy fuel; Hydroelectric plant; Metallurgical bonding; Surface densification; Thickness reduction; HVOF thermal spraying,"Brennem C.E., Cavitation bubble collapse, Cavitation and bubble dynamics, pp. 79-112, (1995); Ciubotariu C., Frunzaverde D., Optimization of the laser remelting process for HVOF-sprayed Stellite 6 wear resistant coatings, Opt Laser Technol, 77, pp. 98-103, (2016); Henn A.L., Máquinas de Fluxo, (2006); Haller K.K., Ventikos Y., Poulikakos D., Wave structure in the contact region during high speed droplet impact on a surface: solution of the Reimann problem for the stiffened gas equation state, J Appl Phys V, 93, pp. 3090-3097, (2003); Brenne C.E., Cavitation and bubble dynamics, (1995); Mohamed F., Contribution a l'étude de l'érosion de cavitation: Mécanismes hydrodynamiques et prédiction École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (1994); Chiu K.Y., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Laser cladding of austenitic stainless steel using NiTi strips for resisting cavitation erosion, Mater Sci Eng, A, 402, 1-2, pp. 126-134, (2005); Cui Z.D., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Yue T.M., Cavitation erosion–corrosion characteristics of laser surface modified NiTi shape memory alloy, Surface Coat Technol, 162, 2-3, pp. 147-153, (2003); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation erosion–corrosion behavior of laser surface alloyed AISI1050 mild steel using NiCrSiB, Mater Sci Eng, A, 303, 1-2, pp. 250-261, (2001); Hiraga H., Inoue T., Shimura H., Matsunawa A., Cavitation erosion mechanism of NiTi coatings made by laser plasma hybrid spraying, Wear, 231, 2, pp. 272-278, (1999); Hea X., Songa R.G., Kong D.J., Microstructures and properties of Ni/TiC/La2O3 reinforced Al based composite coatings by laser cladding, Opt Laser Technol, 117, pp. 18-22, (2019); Tewolde M., Fu G., Hwang J.D., Et al., Thermoeletric device fabrication using thermal spray and laser micromachining, J Therm Spray Technol, 25, pp. 431-440, (2015); Tewolde M., Zhang T., Et al., Laser processing of multilayered thermal spray coatings: optimal processing parameters, J Therm Spray Technol, 26, pp. 1994-2004, (2017); Wu H., Kong D., Effects of laser power on friction–wear performances of laser thermal sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr composite coatings at elevated temperatures, Opt Laser Technol, 117, pp. 227-238, (2019); Chikarakara E., Aqida S., Et al., Surface modification of HVOF thermal sprayed WC–Co–Cr coating by laser treatment, Int J Mater Form, 186, pp. 801-804, (2010)",,Springer,16785878,,,J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85085032687 Bordeasu,Riemschneider E.; Bordeașu I.; Mitelea I.; Uțu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.,"Riemschneider, Eduard (57201083855); Bordeașu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Uțu, Ion-Dragoș (6508248410); Crăciunescu, Cornelius Marius (6603971254)",57201083855; 13409573100; 16309955100; 6508248410; 6603971254,"THE EFFECT OF PLASMA NITRIDING ON CAVITATION EROSION RESISTANCE OF GRAY CAST IRON WITH LAMELLAR GRAPHITE, EN-GJL-200",2021,"METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,520,524,4,0,10.37904/metal.2021.4137,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124362088&doi=10.37904%2fmetal.2021.4137&partnerID=40&md5=fe36a1927213098b3d5d44f98952528b,"Numerous engineering components which are in contact with liquid environments that are working under pressure can be degraded by cavitation erosion. The present paper study the improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite and pearlite microstructure by applying the nitriding thermochemical treatment. The cavitation tests were carried out on a vibratory device with piezoceramic crystals in accordance with ASTM G32 - 2016 standard. The material degradation is demonstrated by mass loss and erosion rate variation depending on the cavitation attack period. As reference material it was considered the same type of gray cast iron, subjected to softening annealing treatment. The eroded surface was examined by optical and scanning electronic microscopy. © 2021 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.",Cavitation erosion; Grey cast iron; Plasma nitriding,Aluminum nitride; Cast iron; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Graphite; Nitriding; Nitrogen plasma; Plasma applications; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Engineering components; Gray cast iron; Liquid environment; Mass loss rate; Materials degradation; Piezo-ceramics; Plasma nitriding; Thermochemical treatments; Vibratory devices; Cavitation,"MITELEA I., Stiinta Materialelor, II, (2010); NIE X., WANG L., YAO Z., ZHANG L., CHENG F., Surface quality of gray cast iron in the context of nitriding and oxygen-sulphur nitriding, Surface and Coating Technology, 200, pp. 1745-1750, (2005); KARAMIS M.B., YILDIZLI K., Surface modification of nodular cast iron: A comparative study on a graphite elimination, Materials Science and Engineering, 527, pp. 5225-5229, (2010); Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test, (2016); BORDEASU I., Monografia Laboratorului de cercetare a eroziunii prin cavitatie al Universitatii Politehnica Timisoara (1960-2020), (2020); RIEMSCHNEIDER E., BORDEASU I., MITELEA I., UTU I.D., Cavitation erosion of grey cast iron with pearlite microstructure, International Conference on Metallurgy and materials (Metal-2017), pp. 985-990, (2018); BORDEASU I., MICU L.M., MITELEA I., UTU I.D., PIRVULESCU L.D., SARBU N.A., Cavitation erosion of HVOF metal-ceramic composite coatings deposited onto Duplex stainless steel substrate, Revista de Materiale Plastice, 54, 4, pp. 781-786, (2016); PARK I.C., LEE H.K., KIM S.J., Microstructure and cavitation damage characteristics of surface treated gray cast iron by plasma ion nitriding, Applied Surface Science, 47731, pp. 147-153, (2019)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729499-4,,"METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Met. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85124362088 ,Montesano L.; Pola A.; La Vecchia G.M.,"Montesano, L. (36806747600); Pola, A. (8616888900); La Vecchia, G.M. (7004576430)",36806747600; 8616888900; 7004576430,Cavitation-erosion resistance of three zinc-aluminum alloy for bearing application,2016,Metallurgia Italiana,108,11,,25,30,5,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013786292&partnerID=40&md5=b3068eba750e3907d5eb34d69152679a,"Zinc alloys are known as good competitors of copper alloys for some tribological applications, in both lubricated and dry conditions. In presence of lubricant, cavitation erosion phenomenon can occur, increasing the damaging of the part. In this paper a comparative study of the erosion resistance of an innovative (ZnAI15Cu1Mg) and two commercial Zn-AI alloys (ZA27 and Alzen305) is presented. Cavitation erosion tests were executed according to ASTM G32 on cast samples and the response of cach material was 055c55cd by measuring the worn volume as a function of cavitation time and by analyzing the damaged surfaces by means of optical and scanning electron microscope. It was pointed out that the new ZnAM 5Cu1Mg guarantees better resistance than the traditional ZA27 and Alzen305 as a consequence of the different microstructure.",,Cavitation; Erosion; Scanning electron microscopy; Zinc; Zinc alloys; Cavitation erosion resistance; Comparative studies; Damaged surfaces; Dry condition; Erosion resistance; Tribological applications; Zinc aluminum alloy; Aluminum alloys,"Hanna M.D., Carter J.T., Kashid M.S., Wear, 203-209, pp. 11-21, (1997); Abou El-Khair M.T., Daoud A., Ismail A., Mater. Lett., 58, pp. 1754-1760, (2004); Pola A., Montesano L., Gelfi M., La Vecchia G.M., Wear, 368-369, pp. 444-452, (2016); Purcek G., Savaskan T., Kucukomeroglu T., Murphy S., Wear, 252, 11-12, pp. 894-901, (2002); Yan S., Xie J., Liu Z., Wang W., Wang A., Li J., J.Mater. Sci. Technol., 26, 7, pp. 648-652, (2010); Apelian D., Paliwal M., Herrschaft D.C., JOM, pp. 12-20, (1981); Rollez D., Pola A., Prenger F., World of Metallurgy - Er- Zmetall, 68, 6, pp. 354-358, (2015); Prasad B.K., Patwardhan A.K., Yegneswaran A.H., Wear, 199, pp. 142-151, (1996); Pola A., La Vecchia G.M., Gelfi M., Montesano L., Metall. Ital., 4, pp. 37-41, (2015); Savaskan T., Hekimoglu A.P., Int. J. Mater. Res., 107, 7, pp. 646-652, (2016); Kubel E.J., Expanding horizons for ZA alloys, Adv. Mat. Proc., pp. 51-57, (1987); AItorfer K.J., Metal Prog., 122, 6, pp. 29-31, (1982); Lee P.P., Savasakan T., Laufer E., Wear, 117, pp. 79-89, (1987); ASM Handbook, 3, (1992); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Arrighini A., Gelfi M., Pola A., Roberti R., Mater. Corros., 61, 3, pp. 218-221, (2010); Durman M., Murphy S., J. Mater. Sci., 32, pp. 1603-1611, (1997); Savaskan T., Hekimoglu A.P., Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct., 603, pp. 52-57, (2014); Vaidya S., Preece C.M., Metall. Trans. A, 9 A, pp. 299-307, (1978); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Int. Mater. Rev., 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Chakrabarti K., Casting Technology and Cast Alloys, (2005); Shreir L.L., Corrosion: Metal/Environment Reactions, (1976); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., J. Mater. Sci., 29, 4, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Met. Trans. A, 8, pp. 915-923, (1977); Hucinska J., Glowacka M., Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 32, 6, pp. 1325-1333, (2001)",,Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia,260843,,MITLA,Metall. Ital.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85013786292 ,Ghera C.; Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Crǎciunescu C.,"Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Crǎciunescu, Corneliu (6603971254)",57038932100; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6603971254,Cavitation erosion behavior of laser nitrided 34CrNiMo6 alloyed steel,2016,"METAL 2016 - 25th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,706,711,5,2,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010739189&partnerID=40&md5=1ab8a0321a9ea66bd91b84174cb8c114,"Some surface treatments that apply to the hydraulic equipment components, which operated at high hydrodynamic loads, in which appear the phenomenon of erosion by cavitation, shall be listed and laser nitriding. Before that operation, the steel was undergone thermal annealing treatments for improving machinability cutting, followed by martensitic quenching and a tempering to high temperature. By changing the laser beam power are changes the layer thickness enriched in nitrogen and thus the resistance to erosion by cavitation. The cavitation tests, carried out in accordance with the requirements of ASTM G32-2010 standards, followed by hardness measurements with micro-hardness HV0.3 and optical and electronic metallographic investigations, justifies the increasing resistances to erosion by cavitation of nitrided layer, compared with the volume heat treatment.",34CrNiMo6 steel; Erosion by cavitation; Laser nitriding,Erosion; Hardness; Heat resistance; Hydraulic machinery; Laser beams; Martensitic steel; Metallurgy; Metals; Microhardness; Nitriding; 34CrNiMo6; Hardness measurement; High temperature; Hydrodynamic loads; Laser beam power; Laser nitriding; Layer thickness; Thermal annealing treatment; Cavitation,"Mitelea I., Tillmann W., Ştiinţa Materialelor, 1, (2007); Ghera C., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Effect of Heat Treatment on the Surfaces Topography Tested at the Cavitation Erosion from Steel 16MnCr5, Advanced Materials Resear., 1111, pp. 85-90, (2015); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Micu L.M., Oanca V.O., Bordeasu D., Punga A., Bordeasu C., Laser beam treatment effect on AMPCO M4 bronze cavitation erosion resistance, Materials Science and Engineering, 85, pp. 1-10, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729467-3,,"METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85010739189 ,Jasionowski R.; Zasada D.; Polkowski W.,"Jasionowski, Robert (55210863600); Zasada, Dariusz (23988178500); Polkowski, Wojciech (56503456000)",55210863600; 23988178500; 56503456000,The evaluation of the cavitational damage in MgAl2Si alloy using various laboratory stands,2016,Solid State Phenomena,252,,,61,70,9,1,10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.252.61,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979258031&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fSSP.252.61&partnerID=40&md5=bac0e743824be65a21c508c84d7bcd78,"Evaluation of cavitation erosion resistance of is carried out by using various testing stands, that differ by the way of cavitation excitation and its intensity. These various testing conditions have led to a standardization of some part of laboratory stands, that in turn allows a direct comparison of results obtained in different laboratories. The aim of this study was to determine the course of cavitational destruction of MgAl2Si alloy samples tested on three different laboratory stands. The research was conducted on a vibration stand according to ASTM G32, where cavitation is forced by the vibrating element; in the cavitation tunnel reflecting actual flow conditions, and on a jet impact stand- simulating the impact microjet in the final phase of the cavitational bubbles implosion. Each laboratory stand has given a different course of cavitational destruction. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",cavitation; Cavitation wear; EBSD analysis; Magnesium alloy,Aluminum alloys; Cavitation; Laboratories; Silicon alloys; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation tunnels; Cavitation wear; Cavitational bubbles; EBSD analysis; Flow condition; Testing conditions; Vibrating elements; Magnesium alloys,"Brennen C.E., Cavitation and Buble Dynamics, (1995); Briggs L.J., The Limiting Negative Pressure of Water, Journal of Applied Physics, 21, pp. 721-722, (1970); Trevena D.H., Cavitation and tension in liquids, (1987); Plesset M.S., Chapman R.B., Collapse of an Initially Spherical Vapour Cavity in the Neighbourhood of a Solid Boundary, Jour. Fluid Mech., 47, pp. 283-290, (1971); Hickling R., Plesset M.S., Collapse and rebound of a spherical bubble in water, Phys. Fluids, 7, pp. 7-14, (1963); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, pp. 94-109, (2010); Steller J., Giren B.G., International Cavitation Erosion Test, (2015); Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 558-571, (2010); Momma T., Cavitation Loading and Erosion Produced by a Cavitating Jet, (1991); Momma T., Lichtarowicz A., A study of pressures and erosion produced by collapsing cavitation, Wear, 186-187, pp. 425-436, (1995); Steller K., Cavitation. Basic concepts, with particular emphasis on the concepts of hydraulic machines, (1982); Jasionowski R., Polkowski W., Zasada D., The destruction mechanism of titanium subjected to cavitation erosion, Key Engineering Materials, 687, pp. 117-122, (2016)",,Trans Tech Publications Ltd,10120394,,,Solid State Phenomena,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84979258031 ,Abreu M.; Jonsson S.; Elfsberg J.,"Abreu, Marcio (57217081557); Jonsson, Stefan (7102794932); Elfsberg, Jessica (6504528736)",57217081557; 7102794932; 6504528736,Differences in ultrasonic cavitation damage between new and used engine coolants with varying time in operation,2024,Wear,542-543,,205238,,,,0,10.1016/j.wear.2024.205238,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184469728&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2024.205238&partnerID=40&md5=e1af19ff66830cdf17fdb58505a79d62,"This study investigates the cavitation erosion performance of heavy-duty engine coolants before and after operation in trucks using an ultrasonic test rig based on ASTM G32. Fresh coolants with 35% and 50% v/v glycol were compared with used coolants. One coolant was obtained from a gasoline-fueled vehicle with a mileage of 27 000 km, and two from diesel-fueled vehicles with mileages of 16 000 and 180 000 km, respectively. Surface tension and boiling point at atmospheric pressure were measured, a chemical analysis was carried out, and suspended particles were quantified by dynamic image analysis. The results showed that the used coolants caused a lower mass loss in ultrasonic cavitation testing than the fresh ones, and that they had higher boiling points, lower pH and a higher number of suspended particles, especially of those smaller than 30μm. Surface tension was higher for the used coolants from Diesel engines. The lower mass loss caused by all three used coolants can be attributed mainly to their high boiling point and high particle count. The presence of particles is believed to promote the heterogeneous nucleation of smaller, more stable bubbles, which may protect the exposed surface by shockwave absorption and microjet deflection. Some dissolved ions in the used coolants may help reduce their aggressivity by inhibiting bubble coalescence, reducing bubble collapse energy, despite increasing surface tension. Surface tension has complex interactions with the solutes, particles and bubble formation and cannot, in isolation, explain the differences in performance of the coolants. © 2024 The Author(s)",Cast iron; Cavitation; Engine coolants; Erosion; Heavy-duty truck engines; Suspended particles,,"Steck B., Avoiding Cavitation on Wet Cylinder Liners of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines by Parameter Changes: SAE Technical Paper, (2008); Yu-Kang Z., Jiu-Gen H., Hammitt F., Cavitation erosion of diesel engine wet cylinder liners, Wear, 76, 3, pp. 321-328, (1982); Laguna-Camacho J., Lewis R., Vite-Torres M., Mendez-Mendez J., A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301, 1, pp. 467-476, (2013); Sreedhar B., Albert S., Pandit A., Cavitation damage: Theory and measurements – A review, Wear, 372-373, pp. 177-196, (2017); Szeri A.J., Storey B.D., Pearson A., Blake J.R., Heat and mass transfer during the violent collapse of nonspherical bubbles, Phys. 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Eng., 31, 8, pp. 1349-1361, (2014); Wang X., Zhang Z., Chen Y., Li Y., Theoretical analysis of engine coolant cavitation with different additives based on ultrasonic induced bubble dynamics, Results Phys., 15, (2019); Iwata R., Zhang L., Wilke K.L., Gong S., He M., Gallant B.M., Wang E.N., Bubble growth and departure modes on wettable/non-wettable porous foams in alkaline water splitting, Joule, 5, 4, pp. 887-900, (2021)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85184469728 ,Szala M.; Łatka L.; Awtoniuk M.; Winnicki M.; Michalak M.,"Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Łatka, Leszek (36661124200); Awtoniuk, Michał (55209868500); Winnicki, Marcin (37462588100); Michalak, Monika (57651843900)",56545535000; 36661124200; 55209868500; 37462588100; 57651843900,"Neural modelling of aps thermal spray process parameters for optimizing the hardness, porosity and cavitation erosion resistance of al2o3-13 wt% tio2 coatings",2020,Processes,8,12,1544,1,15,14,34,10.3390/pr8121544,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097029018&doi=10.3390%2fpr8121544&partnerID=40&md5=b509bdb845dd4e58bac451aa2e61ee0a,"The study aims to elaborate a neural model and algorithm for optimizing hardness and porosity of coatings and thus ensure that they have superior cavitation erosion resistance. Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 ceramic coatings were deposited onto 316L stainless steel by atmospheric plasma spray (ASP). The coatings were prepared with different values of two spray process parameters: the stand-off distance and torch velocity. Microstructure, porosity and microhardness of the coatings were examined. Cavitation erosion tests were conducted in compliance with the ASTM G32 standard. Artificial neural networks (ANN) were employed to elaborate the model, and the multi-objectives genetic algorithm (MOGA) was used to optimize both properties and cavitation erosion resistance of the coatings. Results were analyzed with MATLAB software by Neural Network Toolbox and Global Optimization Toolbox. The fusion of artificial intelligence methods (ANN + MOGA) is essential for future selection of thermal spray process parameters, especially for the design of ceramic coatings with specified functional properties. Selection of these parameters is a multicriteria decision problem. The proposed method made it possible to find a Pareto front, i.e., trade-offs between several conflicting objectives—maximizing the hardness and cavitation erosion resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 coatings and, at the same time, minimizing their porosity. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2; Alumina–titania; APS; Artificial neural network; Cavitation erosion; Ceramic coatings; Hardness; Microstructure; Multi-objective optimization; Wear,,"Pawlowski L., The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings, (2008); Principles of Thermal Spraying—Plasma-Spray Coating—Wiley Online Library; Boulos M.I., Fauchais P.L., Pfender E., Handbook of Thermal Plasmas, (2019); Lugscheider E., Barimani C., Eckert P., Eritt U., Modeling of the APS plasma spray process, Comput. Mater. 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Spray Tech, 29, pp. 857-893, (2020); Yilmaz R., Kurt A.O., Demir A., Tatli Z., Effects of TiO2 on the mechanical properties of the Al2O3–TiO2 plasma sprayed coating, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc, 27, pp. 1319-1323, (2007); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation Erosion Wear Properties of Thermally Sprayed Alumina Based Coatings, Coatings, 4, pp. 18-36, (2014); Davis J.R., Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, (2004); Coello C.C., Lamont G.B., van Veldhuizen D.A., Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems, (2007); Chen Q., Hu P., Pu J., Wang J.H., Sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization of double-ceramic-layers thermal barrier system, Ceram. Int, 45, pp. 17224-17235, (2019)",,MDPI AG,22279717,,,Process.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85097029018 ,Romero M.C.; Tschiptschin A.P.; Scandian C.,"Romero, M.C. (57205188734); Tschiptschin, A.P. (7004251372); Scandian, C. (26538835500)",57205188734; 7004251372; 26538835500,Low temperature plasma nitriding of a Co30Cr19Fe alloy for improving cavitation erosion resistance,2019,Wear,426-427,,,581,588,7,10,10.1016/j.wear.2019.01.019,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060102386&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2019.01.019&partnerID=40&md5=2999ef7b19a2ade4a01d3525f666e95b,"Cobalt alloys are used when improved cavitation-erosion (CE) resistance is needed. Low temperature plasma nitriding - (LTPN) is known to greatly enhance the CE resistance of austenitic and duplex stainless steels, due to formation of a very hard, super-saturated fcc - phase, known as expanded austenite or S-phase. In this work, Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding of a non-standard Co-Cr alloy was carried out to explore the formation of an expanded S-phase hard layer and to assess its effect on the CE resistance of the Co-Cr alloy. The Co-Cr samples, containing α-fcc and ε-hcp solid solutions phases, were plasma nitrided at 350 °C and 400 °C for 20 h. The CE tests were carried out in a vibratory cavitation equipment according to ASTM G32-92. Microstructural and micromechanical characterization of the specimens indicated the formation of an expanded S-phase fcc layer, containing small amounts of CrN. Plasma nitriding at 400 °C and greater amounts of α-fcc volume fraction in the matrix led to thicker and harder (10.5 GPa) S-phase layers. The 400 °C nitrided samples exhibited higher CE resistances than the non-nitrided samples, with up to 267% greater incubation times and 5 times reduced wear rate. All Co30Cr19Fe samples showed higher CE resistances than AISI 304 and only the solution-treated sample showed lower CE resistance than Stellite 6. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of material removal, during the initial stages of CE, which are controlled by plastic deformation, with formation of slip steps, grain boundaries protrusion and material removal from these protruded areas. Twin boundaries are preferably eroded. The increase in nitrogen content increases the elastic energy returned to the environment and decreases the amount of plastic energy absorbed by the alloy, at cavitation impact spots. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion; Cobalt alloy; Low temperature plasma nitriding; Wear mechanisms,Aluminum nitride; Binary alloys; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Cobalt alloys; Erosion; Grain boundaries; Iron alloys; Nitriding; Nitrogen plasma; Plasma applications; Temperature; Ternary alloys; Wear of materials; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation impacts; Duplex stainless steel; Expanded austenite; Low temperature plasma nitriding; Micromechanical characterization; Plasma nitriding; Wear mechanisms; Chromium alloys,"Dong H., Bell T., Li C.X., (2002); Li X.Y., Habibi N., Bell T., Dong H., Et al., Microstructural characterization of a plasma carburised low carbono Co-Cr alloy, Surf. 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Technol., 205, pp. 1552-1556, (2010); Espitia L.A., Dong H., Li X., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanisms of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic, Wear, 332-333, pp. 1070-1079, (2015); Christiansen T., Sommers M.A.J.; Williamson D.L., Davis J.A., Wilbur P.J., Effect of austenitic stainless steel composition on low-energy, high-flux, nitrogen ion beam processing, Surf. Coat. Technol., 103-104, pp. 178-184, (1998); Manova D., Mandl S., Neumann H., Rauschenbach B., Formation of metastable diffusion layers in Cr-containing iron, cobalt and nickel alloys after nitrogen insertion, Surf. Coat. Technol., 312, pp. 81-90, (2017); Lutz J., Lehmann A., Mandl S., Nitrogen diffusion in medical CoCrNiW alloys after plasma immersion ion implantation, Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, pp. 3747-3753, (2008); Sun Y., Li X., Bell T., X-ray diffraction characterization of low temperature plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steels, J. 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A, v. 442–446, pp. 40-47, (2007); Bregliozzi G., Et al., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, v. 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Di Schino A., Barteri M., Kenny J.M., Effect of grain size on the properties of a low nickel austenitic stainless steel, J. Mater. Sci., 38, pp. 4725-4733, (2003); Pohl M., pp. 168-187, (1996); Mesa D.H., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of UNS S31803 stainless steel by duplex treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., v. 205, pp. 1552-1556, (2010); Espitia L.A., Dong H., Li X., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanisms of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic, Wear, 332-333, pp. 1070-1079, (2015); Allen C., Et al., The fretting fatigue behaviour of plasma nitrided AISI 316 stainless steel, Stainless Steel 2000: Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Stainless Steel, pp. 353-360, (2000); Steck B., Sommerfield G., Schineider V., (2006); Cuppari M.G., Di V., Souza R.M., Sinatora A., Effect of second phase on cavitation erosion of Fe-Cr-Ni-C alloys, Wear, 258, pp. 596-603, (2005)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85060102386 Bordeasu,Riemschneider E.; Bordeasu I.; Mitelea I.; Utu I.D.,"Riemschneider, E. (57201083855); Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Mitelea, I. (16309955100); Utu, I.D. (6508248410)",57201083855; 13409573100; 16309955100; 6508248410,Analysis of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Grey Cast Iron EN-GJL-200 by the Surface Induction Hardening,2018,IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,416,1,12005,,,,2,10.1088/1757-899X/416/1/012005,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056615437&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f416%2f1%2f012005&partnerID=40&md5=76b042dd6a344ebae2cb0862da9af80f,"By surface hardening of the cast iron having metallic matrix consisting of pearlite and fine lamellar graphite separations, it has been aimed an increase in hardness and wear resistance. Testing of cavitation erosion resistance was done in the laboratory in accordance with the standard ASTM G32 2010. The mass losses curves, depending on the duration of the cavitational attack by induction hardened and tempered at 220 °C samples, were analysed in comparison with those samples obtained after the stress relief annealing at 525 °C. The hardness measurements performed on the longitudinal section of the cavitation samples beside the microstructural investigations of the eroded surfaces allowed the explanation of the wear mechanism both by the action of the graphite stress concentrator and also by the sensitivity of the metallic mass to the notch effect. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Cavitation; Erosion; Graphite; Hardening; Hardness; Stress relief; Wear of materials; Wear resistance; Cavitation erosion resistance; Hardness measurement; Longitudinal section; Metallic matrices; Microstructural investigation; Stress concentrators; Stress relief annealing; Surface induction hardening; Cast iron,"Anton I., Cavitaţia, 2, (1985); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Katona S.E., Craciunescu C.M., International Journal of Materials Research, 108, 12, (2017); Bordeasu I., Cavitation Erosion of Materials, (2006); Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Mitelea I., Utu I.D., Pirvulescu L.D., Sirbu N.A., Revista de Materiale Plastice, 53, pp. 781-786, (2017); Ghera C., Rolul Tratamentelor Duplex în Creşterea Rezistenţei la Cavitaţie A Oţelurilor Pentru Aparatura Sistemelor Hidraulice, (2017); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Wear, 263, 1-6, (2007); Krella A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 204, 3, (2009); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Wear, 268, 1-2, (2010); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Revista de Chimie, 68, (2017); Mitelea I., Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25, 5, (2016); Raszga C., Fenomenul de Cavitaţieîndistribuitoare Cu Sertar Cilindric, (1998); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test 2010",Serban V.-A.; Utu I.-D.; Marsavina L.; Linul E.,Institute of Physics Publishing,17578981,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85056615437 ,Pavlović M.; Dojčinović M.; Prokić-Cvetković R.; Andrić L.,"Pavlović, Marko (57198243334); Dojčinović, Marina (15076621000); Prokić-Cvetković, Radica (13608962500); Andrić, Ljubiša (57223408624)",57198243334; 15076621000; 13608962500; 57223408624,Cavitation resistance of composite polyester resin / basalt powder,2019,Structural Integrity and Life,19,1,,19,22,3,6,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072975207&partnerID=40&md5=7a0910d1ead1a8ba378d4443348db8d1,"The paper presents the results of research on cavitation resistance of the composite based on unsaturated polyester resin and basalt powder, as reinforcement. Basalt powder was obtained by grinding and micronising basaltic rocks from the Vrelo-Kopaonik deposit. Different amounts of basalt powder as reinforcement were applied (g): 0.15; 0.30; 045; 0,50. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, bending strength, hardness) and cavitation resistance properties were determined for the resulting composite. An ultrasonic vibration method (with stationary specimen) was applied according to ASTM G32 standard. Studies have shown that the mechanical properties and cavitation resistance of the composites increase with the addition of basalt powder as reinforcement. © 2019 The Author. Structural Integrity and Life, Published by DIVK (The Society for Structural Integrity and Life 'Prof. Dr Stojan Sedmak') (http://divk.inovacionicentar.rs/ivk/home.html). This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License",Basalt powder; Cavitation resistance; Composite; Mechanical properties; Unsaturated polyester resin,,"Barth T.F.W., Theoretical Petrology, (1962); Fiore V., Di Bella G., Valenza A., Glass-basalt/epoxy hybrid composite for marine applications, Mater. & Design, 32, 4, pp. 2091-2099, (2011); Todic A., Nedeljkovic B., Cikara D., Ristovic I., Particulate basalt-polymer composites characteristics investigation, Mater. & Design, 32, 3, pp. 1677-1683, (2011); Pavlovic M., Et al., Influence of the basalt structure and properties on development the cavitation damage, Int. Oct. Conf. On Mining & Metall., pp. 155-158, (2018); Dojcinovic M., Influence of the Microstructure on Cavitation Erosion of Steels, (2007); Franc J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation Series: Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 76, (2004); Hammitt F.G., Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Phenomena, (1980); Dojcinovic M., Et al., Cavitation resistance of turbine runner blades at the hydropower plant 'Djerdap, Structural Integrity & Life, 17, 1, pp. 55-60, (2017); Yilmaz S., Bayrak G., Sen S., Sen U., Structural characterization of basalt-based glass-ceramic coatings, Mater. & Design, 27, 10, pp. 1092-1096, (2006); Kovacevic T., The Influence of Modified Micro-Particles Obtained from Nonmetallic Fraction of Waste Printed Circuit Boards on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyester Resin Synthesized from Waste Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate), (2018); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010)",,Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK),14513749,,,Structural Integr. Vek Konstr.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85072975207 Bordeasu,Katona Ş.-E.; Karancsi O.; Bordeaşu I.; Mitelea I.; Crǎciunescu C.M.,"Katona, Ştefan-Eusebiu (56524419400); Karancsi, Olimpiu (56459099600); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Crǎciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)",56524419400; 56459099600; 13409573100; 16309955100; 6603971254,Primary and secondary aging effect on the cavitation erosion behavior of 17-4 ph stainless steels,2016,"METAL 2016 - 25th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,543,548,5,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010807566&partnerID=40&md5=19fc2aec3d5ff5a4acb4b7e846f789d1,"Austenitization temperature of these steels can be used as a control measure of the transformation characteristics. Paper analyses the cavitation behaviour of a steel subjected to solution treatment at a lower temperature (950 °C), after which a primary aging at 700 °C and a tempering at 450 °C, were applied. The cavitation tests were conducted on a vibratory facility with piezoelectric crystals, in conformity with the prescription given by the ASTM G32-2010 Standard. The variation curves of mass losses and their speed during the test period, along with the hardness measurements and metallographic examinations, explain the degradation mechanism of the surface at the impact of the cavitation bubbles from the hydrodynamic field.",17-4 PH stainless steel; Cavitation erosion; Characteristic curves; Microstructure,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Degradation; Erosion; Metallurgy; Metals; Microstructure; 17-4 PH stainless steel; Austenitization temperatures; Characteristic curve; Degradation mechanism; Hardness measurement; Metallographic examination; Piezoelectric crystals; Solution treatments; Stainless steel,"Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalǎ A Materialelo. 1st Ed, (2006); Mitelea I., Ştiinţa Materialelor II, pp. 140-155, (2010); Mitelea I., Rosu R., Sudabilitatea Oţelurilor Inoxidabile, pp. 92-98, (2010); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Katona S.E., Influence of the solution treatment temperature upon the cavitation erosion resistance for 17-4 PH stainless steels, METAL 2013: 22nd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 208-213, (2013); Escobar J.D., Santos T.F.A., Ramirez A.J., Velasquez E., Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of a duplex stainless steel through friction stir processing (FSP), Wear, 297, 1-2, pp. 998-1005, (2013); Katona S.E., Oanca O., Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Craciunescu C.M., Investigations regarding the cavitation erosion resistance of the Al2O3 30(Ni 20Al) laser depositions on the 17-4 PH stainless steels, METAL 2015:24th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 482-487, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus ASTM G32-2010",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729467-3,,"METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85010807566 Bordeasu,Bordeasu I.; Ghiban B.; Nagy V.; Paraianu V.; Ghera C.; Istrate D.; Demian A.M.; Odagiu P.-O.,"Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Ghiban, Brandusa (23501106400); Nagy, Vasile (57205305923); Paraianu, Vlad (58153510300); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Istrate, Dionisie (57962117200); Demian, Alin Mihai (57963174100); Odagiu, Petrisor-Ovidiu (58153386800)",13409573100; 23501106400; 57205305923; 58153510300; 57038932100; 57962117200; 57963174100; 58153386800,CAVITATIONAL EROSION RESISTANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR ALLOY 6082 STATE T651,2023,"UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B: Chemistry and Materials Science",85,1,,213,224,11,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150681335&partnerID=40&md5=edf4a0309b320266384aa0ab63e7cbf2,"The study presents the results of experimental research on the behaviour and resistance to vibratory cavitation erosion of the structure of aluminum alloy 6082 state 651. The analysis performed on macro and microscopic images shows the degradation mode of the microstructure, and the comparison with alloy 5083 state H111, using the specific parameters of cavitational erosion resistance recommended by ASTM G32-2016 standards, suggests an insignificant difference. Discussions of the plots containing experimental values of the cumulative eroded mass created by cavitational erosion and the related velocities using averaging curves show a behaviour strongly dependent on the nature of the blank, structural homogeneity, mass of intermetallic compounds and mechanical property values. © 2023, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.",aluminum alloy; caverns; cavitational erosion; erosion rate; lost mass; mechanical properties; microstructure,Aluminum alloys; Behavioral research; Erosion; Cavern; Cavitational erosion; Erosion rates; Erosion resistance; Experimental research; Experimental values; Lose mass; Macro image; Microscopic image; Vibratory cavitation erosion; Microstructure,"Aluminum catalogue; Noga P., Piotrowicz A., Skrzekut T., Zwolinski A., Strzepek P., Effect of Various Forms of Aluminum 6082 on the Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Surface Modification of the Profile after Extrusion Process, Materials, Materials, 14, (2021); Tomlinson W. J., Matthews S. J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloys, Journal of Materials Science, 29, 1994, pp. 1101-1108, (2004); Bordeasu I., Ghera C., Istrate D., Salcianu L., Ghiban B., Bazavan D. V., Micu L. M., Stroita D. C, Suta A., Tomoiaga I., Luca A. N, Resistance and Behavior to Cavitation Erosion of Semi-Finished Aluminum Alloy 5083, HIDRAULICA, 4, pp. 17-24, (2021); Ghera C., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Improvement of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of a Low Alloyed Steel 16MnCr5 Through Work Hardening, Metal 2015, pp. 661-666, (2015); Hobbs J. M., Experience with a 20 – KC Cavitations erosion test, Erosion by Cavitations or Impingement, (1960); Tong Z., Jiao J., Zhou W., Yang Y., Chen L., Liu H., Sun Y., Ren X., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of AA5083 aluminium alloy by laser shock processing, Surface and Coatings Technology, 3, (2019); Carlton J., Marine propellers and Propulsion, (2007); Gottardi G., Tocci M., Monte L., Pola A., Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging, Wear, Volumes 394–395, pp. 1-10, (2018); Bordeasu D., Prostean O., Hatiegan C., Contributions to Modeling, Simulation and Controlling of a Pumping System Powered by a Wind Energy Conversion System, Energies, 14, 2, (2022); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Popescu M., Bordeasu D., Salcianu L., Influence of volumic heat treatments upon cavitation erosion resistance of duplex X2CrNiMoN 22-5-3 stainless steels, IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering, (ICAS2014), 85, (2015); Stroita D. C., Barglazan M., Manea A.S., Balasoiu V., Double-flux water turbine dynamics, Annals of DAAAM for 2008 and 19th International DAAAM Symposium ""Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation: Focus on Next Generation of Intelligent Systems and Solutions"", pp. 1325-1326, (2008); Luca A.N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Demian A.M., Cavitation behavior study of the aging heat treated aluminum alloy 7075, 10-Th International Conference of Applied Science (ICAS 2022), (2022); Suteu V., Suteu Vs., Suteu M., technology of maintenance and repair of machines and equipment, (1984); Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test, (2016); Bordeasu I., Monograph of the Cavitation Erosion Research Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara (1960-2020) Editura Politehnica, (2020); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, REVISTA DE CHIMIE, 58, 12, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Jurchela A. D., Research on the erosion produced by vibratory cavitation in stainless steels with constant chromium and variable nickel, (2012); Micu L.M., The behavior to cavitation erosion of duplex stainles steels, (2017); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C. M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 138, 3, (2016); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Bordeasu D., Duma S.T., Anton I., Researches upon the cavitation erosion behaviour of austenite steels, IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering, (ICAS2015), 106, (2016); Franc J-P., Kueny J-L., Karimi A.T., Fruman D-H., Frechou D., Briancon-Marjollet L., Billard J-Y., Belahadji B., Avellan F., Jean-Marie M., La cavitation. Physical mechanisms and industrial aspects, (1995); Vadapalli S., Pathem U, Vupplala V, Chebattina K. R., Sagari J, Corrosion and cavitation erosion properties of sub-micron WC-Co /Cr3C2-NiCr multi-layered coating on aluminium substrates, Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, 30, 3, pp. 46-54, (2020); Lavigne S., Pougoum F., Savoie S., Martinu L., Klemberg-Sapieha J.E., Schulz R., Cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF CaviTec coatings, Wear, 386-387, pp. 90-98, (2017); Song Q.N., Tong Y., Xu N., Sun S.Y., Li HL, Bao Y.F., Jiang Y. F., Wang Z. B., Qiao Y. X., Synergistic effect between cavitation erosion and corrosion for various copper alloys in sulphide-containing 3.5% NaCl solutions, Wear, 50, 11, (2020)",,Politechnica University of Bucharest,14542331,,SBPSF,UPB Sci Bull Ser B,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85150681335 ,da S. Severo F.; Scheuer C.J.; Cardoso R.P.; Brunatto S.F.,"da S. Severo, F. (57210973976); Scheuer, C.J. (54414869400); Cardoso, R.P. (7005401302); Brunatto, S.F. (55954250400)",57210973976; 54414869400; 7005401302; 55954250400,Cavitation erosion resistance enhancement of martensitic stainless steel via low-temperature plasma carburizing,2019,Wear,428-429,,,162,166,4,33,10.1016/j.wear.2019.03.009,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063112894&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2019.03.009&partnerID=40&md5=ec592d7ddf82f6551f26b0bdc33299cb,"This work presents the potential of low-temperature plasma carburizing treatments for improving the cavitation erosion resistance of martensitic stainless steel (MSS). As-hardened AISI 420 MSS samples were treated via dc plasma carburizing at 450 °C for 12 h. The cavitation erosion behaviors were compared with that of an untreated steel sample tempered at 220 °C for 1 h. Cavitation erosion tests were performed with an ultrasonic vibratory apparatus in accordance with the ASTM G32-10 standard. The nominal incubation period of the carburized samples was approximately three times higher than that of the untreated sample (23 h versus 7.8 h, respectively). The cavitation erosion behavior was discussed in terms of mechanical surface properties (hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E)) obtained via the nanoindentation technique and respective H/E, H2/E, and H3/E2 ratios. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.",AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel; Cavitation erosion; Low-temperature plasma carburizing; Surface treatment,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Satellites; Surface treatment; Temperature; Ultrasonic applications; Aisi 420 martensitic stainless steels; Cavitation erosion resistance; DC plasma; Incubation periods; Low temperature plasmas; Mechanical surface; Nanoindentation techniques; Steel samples; Martensitic stainless steel,"Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Chauhan A.K., Cavitation erosion resistance of 13/4 and 21-4-N steels, Sadhana, 38, pp. 25-35, (2013); Ferreira L.M., Brunatto S.F., Cardoso R.P., Martensitic stainless steels low-temperature nitriding: dependence of substrate composition, Mater. Res., 18, pp. 622-627, (2015); dos Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an austenitic AISI 304L stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Allenstein A.N., Cardoso R.P., Machado K.D., Weber S., Pereira K.M.P., dos Santos C.A.L., Panossian Z., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Strong evidences of tempered martensite-to-nitrogen-expanded austenite transformation in CA-6NM steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 552, pp. 569-572, (2012); Xi Y.-T., Liu D.-X., Han D., Improvement of corrosion and wear resistances of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel using plasma nitriding at low temperature, Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, pp. 2577-2583, (2008); Borcz C., Lepienski C.M., Brunatto S.F., Surface modification of pure niobium by plasma nitriding, Surf. Coat. Technol., 224, pp. 114-119, (2013); Espitia L.A., Varela L., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of low temperature plasma nitrided martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 301, pp. 449-456, (2013); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Plasma nitriding using high H2 content gas mixtures for a cavitation erosion resistant steel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 277, pp. 15-24, (2013); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance for low-temperature plasma nitrided CA-6NM martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 309, pp. 159-165, (2014); Brunatto S.F., Allenstein A.N., Allenstein C.L.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Cavitation erosion behaviour of niobium, Wear, 274-275, pp. 220-228, (2012); Kertscher R., de Moraes J.M., Henke S., Allenstein A.N., Goncalves e Silva R.H., Dutra J.C., Brunatto S.F., First results of cavitation erosion behavior of plasma nitrided niobium: surface modification, Mater. Res., 18, pp. 1242-1250, (2015); Espitia L.A., Dong H., Li X.-Y., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Scratch test of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 376-377, pp. 30-36, (2017); Kim S.K., Yoo J.S., Priest J.M., Fewell M.P., Characteristics of martensitic stainless steel nitrided in a low-pressure RF plasma, Surf. Coat. Technol., 163-164, pp. 380-385, (2003); Isfahany A.N., Saghafian H., Borhani G., The effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of AISI420 martensitic stainless steel, J. Alloy. Compd., 509, pp. 3931-3936, (2011); Espitia L.A., Dong H., Li X.-Y., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance and wear mechanisms of active screen low temperature plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 332-333, pp. 1070-1079, (2015); Pant B.K., Arya V., Mann B.S., Cavitation erosion characteristics of nitrocarburized and HPDL-treated martensitic stainless steels, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, pp. 1051-1055, (2012); Li C.X., Bell T., A comparative study of low temperature plasma nitriding, carburising and nitrocarburising of AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel, Mater. Sci. 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Technol., 206, pp. 5085-5090, (2012); Scheuer C.J., Cardoso R.P., Mafra M., Brunatto S.F., AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel low-temperature plasma assisted carburizing kinetics, Surf. Coat. Technol., 214, pp. 30-37, (2013); Brunatto S.F., Muzart J.L.R., Influence of the gas mixture flow on the processing parameters of hollow cathode discharge iron sintering, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, pp. 3937-3944, (2007); Dular M., Stoffel B., Sirok B., Development of a cavitation erosion model, Wear, 261, pp. 642-655, (2006); Patella R.F., Reboud J.-L., Archer A., Cavitation damage measurement by 3D laser profilometry, Wear, 246, pp. 59-67, (2000); Samiei E., Shams M., Ebrahimi R., A novel numerical scheme for the investigation of surface tension effects on growth and collapse stages of cavitation bubbles, Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids, 30, pp. 41-50, (2011); Chen X., Xu R.Q., Shen Z.H., Lu J., Ni X.W., Optical investigation of cavitation erosion by laser-induced bubble collapse, Opt. Laser Technol., 36, pp. 197-203, (2004); Brunatto S.F., Scheuer C.J., Boromei I., Martini C., Ceschini L., Cardoso R.P., Martensite coarsening in low-temperature plasma carburizing, Surf. Coat. Technol., 350, pp. 161-171, (2018); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Lawn B.R., Jensen T., Arora A., Brittleness as an indentation size effect, J. Mater. Sci., 11, pp. 573-575, (1976); Oyen M.L., Cook R.F., A practical guide for analysis of nanoindentation data, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2, pp. 396-407, (2009); Callister W.D., Materials Science and Engineering: an Introduction, pp. 124-125, (1997); Leyland A., Matthews A., On the significance of the H/E ratio in wear control: a nanocomposite coating approach to optimised tribological behavior, Wear, 246, pp. 1-11, (2000); Brunatto S.F., Lepienski C.M., Nanoindentation applied to dc plasma nitrided parts, Applied Nanoindentation in Advanced Materials, pp. 157-182, (2017); Foerster C.E., Assmann A., da Silva S.L.R., Nascimento F.C., Lepienski C.M., Guimaraes J.L., Chinelatto A.L., AISI 304 nitrocarburized at low temperature: mechanical and tribological properties, Surf. Coat. Technol., 204, pp. 3004-3008, (2010)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85063112894 ,Szala M.; Hejwowski T.,"Szala, Miroslaw (56545535000); Hejwowski, Tadeusz (6603174500)",56545535000; 6603174500,Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Wear Mechanism Model of Flame-Sprayed Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl Cermet Coatings,2018,Coatings,8,7,254,,,,31,10.3390/coatings8070254,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051601268&doi=10.3390%2fcoatings8070254&partnerID=40&md5=2040c6ef063aaffde86e81fe18028658,"This manuscript deals with the cavitation erosion resistance of flame-sprayed Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl cermet coatings (low-velocity oxy-fuel (LVOF)), a new functional application of cermet coatings. The aim of the study was to investigate the cavitation erosion mechanism and determine the effect of feedstock powder ratio (Al2O3-TiO2/NiMoAl) of LVOF-sprayed cermet coatings on their cavitation erosion resistance. As-sprayed coatings were investigated for roughness, porosity, hardness, and Young's modulus. Microstructural characteristics of the cross section and the surface of as-sprayed coatings were examined by light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Coating cavitation tests were conducted in accordance with the ASTM G32 standard using an alternative stationary specimen testing method with usage of reference samples made from steel, copper, and aluminum alloys. Cavitation erosion resistance was measured by weight and volume loss, and normalised cavitation erosion resistance was calculated. Surface eroded due to cavitation was examined in successive time intervals by LOM and SEM-EDS. On the basis of coating properties and cavitation investigations, a phenomenological model of the cavitation erosion of Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl cermet coatings was elaborated. General relationships between their properties, microstructure, and cavitation wear resistance were established. The Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl composite coating containing 80% ceramic powder has a higher cavitation erosion resistance than the reference aluminium alloy. © 2018 by the authors.",Aluminia-titania; Cavitation erosion; Cermet coating; Flame spraying; Microstructure; Thermal spraying; Wear model,,"Gao X., Tian Z., Liu Z., Shen L., Interface characteristics of Al2O3-13%TiO2 ceramic coatings prepared by laser cladding, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 22, pp. 2498-2503, (2012); Mishra N.K., Mishra S.B., Hot corrosion performance of LVOF sprayed Al2O3-40% TiO2 coating on Superni 601 and Superco 605 superalloys at 800 and 900°C, Bull. Mater. Sci, 38, pp. 1679-1685, (2015); Cui S., Miao Q., Liang W., Zhang Z., Xu Y., Ren B., Tribological Behavior of Plasma-Sprayed Al2O3-20 wt.%TiO2 Coating, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 26, pp. 2086-2094, (2017); Davis J.R., Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, (2004); Czuprynski A., Selected Properties of Thermally Sprayed Oxide Ceramic Coatings, Adv. Mater. Sci, 15, pp. 17-32, (2015); Szymanski K., Hernas A., Moskal G., Myalska H., Thermally sprayed coatings resistant to erosion and corrosion for power plant boilers-A review, Surf. Coat. Technol, 268, pp. 153-164, (2015); Yao Y., Lyckfeldt O., Tricoire A., Tricoire A., Microstructure of Plasma Sprayed Al2O3-3wt%TiO2 Coating Using Freeze Granulated Powder, J. Mater. Sci. Chem. Eng, 4, (2016); Jia S., Zou Y., Xu J., Wang J., Yu L., Effect of TiO2 content on properties of Al2O3 thermal barrier coatings by plasma spraying, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 25, pp. 175-183, (2015); Mishra N.K., Mishra S.B., Kumar R., Oxidation resistance of low-velocity oxy fuel-sprayed Al2O3-13TiO2 coating on nickel-based superalloys at 800°C, Surf. Coat. Technol, 260, pp. 23-27, (2014); Jafarzadeh K., Valefi Z., Ghavidel B., The effect of plasma spray parameters on the cavitation erosion of Al2O3-TiO2 coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 205, pp. 1850-1855, (2010); Morks M.F., Akimoto K., The role of nozzle diameter on the microstructure and abrasion wear resistance of plasma sprayed composite coatings, J. Manuf. Process, 10, pp. 1-5, (2008); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation Erosion Wear Properties of Thermally Sprayed Alumina Based Coatings, Coatings, 4, pp. 18-36, (2014); Zorawski W., Goral A., Bokuvka O., Litynska-Dobrzynska L., Berent K., Microstructure and tribological properties of nanostructured and conventional plasma sprayed alumina-titania coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol, 268, pp. 190-197, (2015); Maruszczyk A., Dudek A., Szala M., Research into Morphology and Properties of TiO2-NiAl Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Coating, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 11, pp. 204-210, (2017); Hejwowski T., Labacz-Kecik A., Mikrostruktura i odpornośćna zužycie powlok natryskiwanych metoda?. plomieniowo-proszkowa mieszaninami proszków, Przeglad Spaw.-Weld. Technol. Rev, 9, pp. 57-64, (2012); Hejwowski T., Comparative study of thermal barrier coatings for internal combustion engine, Vacuum, 85, pp. 610-616, (2010); Chen J., Zhou H., Zhao X., Chen J., An Y., Yan F., Microstructural Characterization and Tribological Behavior of HVOF Sprayed NiMoAl Coating from 20 to 800 °C, J. Therm. Spray Technol, 24, pp. 348-356, (2015); Hou G., Zhao X., Zhou H., Lu J., An Y., Chen J., Yang J., Cavitation erosion of several oxy-fuel sprayed coatings tested in deionized water and artificial seawater, Wear, 311, pp. 81-92, (2014); Santa J.F., Espitia L.A., Blanco J.A., Romo S.A., Toro A., Slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of thermal spray coatings, Wear, 267, pp. 160-167, (2009); Ksiazek M., Boron L., Radecka M., Richert M., Tchorz A., Mechanical and Tribological Properties of HVOF-Sprayed (Cr3C2-NiCr+Ni) Composite Coating on Ductile Cast Iron, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 25, pp. 3185-3193, (2016); Kekes D., Psyllaki P., Vardavoulias M., Vekinis G., Wear micro-mechanisms of composite WC-Co/Cr-NiCrFeBSiC coatings.Part II: Cavitation erosion, Tribol. Ind, 36, pp. 375-383, (2014); Hejwowski T., Wear resistance of graded coatings, Vacuum, 65, pp. 515-520, (2002); Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)-Surface texture: Profile method-Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters, (1997); Steller J., International Cavitation Erosion Test and quantitative assessment of material resistance to cavitation, Wear, 233-235, pp. 51-64, (1999); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Zhang Q., Construction of database on cavitation erosion and analyses of carbon steel data, Wear, 257, pp. 1022-1029, (2004); (2010); Tucker R.C., ASM Handbook Volume 5A: Thermal Spray Technology, (2013); Shaw L.L., Goberman D., Ren R., Gell M., Jiang S., Wang Y., Xiao T.D., Strutt P.R., The dependency of microstructure and properties of nanostructured coatings on plasma spray conditions, Surf. Coat. Technol, 130, pp. 1-8, (2000); Szala M., Application of computer image analysis software for determining incubation period of cavitation erosion-preliminary results, In ITM Web of Conferences, Proceedings of the II International Conference of Computational Methods in Engineering Science (CMES'17), 15, (2017); Dybowski B., Szala M., Hejwowski T.J., Kielbus A., Microstructural phenomena occurring during early stages of cavitation erosion of Al-Si aluminium casting alloys, Solid State Phenom, 227, pp. 255-258, (2015); Tomlinson W.J., Kalitsounakis N., Vekinis G., Cavitation erosion of aluminas, Ceram. Int, 25, pp. 331-338, (1999)",,MDPI AG,20796412,,,Coatings,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85051601268 Bordeasu,Frant F.; Mitelea I.; Bordeasu I.; Utu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.,"Frant, Florin (57215883759); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Utu, Ion-Dragos (6508248410); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)",57215883759; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6508248410; 6603971254,IMPROVEMENT THE CAVITATION EROSION RESISTANCE OF Al-Mg ALLOYS BY TIG SURFACE REMELTING,2021,"METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,942,947,5,0,10.37904/metal.2021.4238,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124343887&doi=10.37904%2fmetal.2021.4238&partnerID=40&md5=4cbe4707a03cab600559091521abf7ab,"Aluminum-based alloys (Al-Mg, Al-Si-Mg, Al-Zn-Mg, etc.) are intended for the manufacturing of parts subjected to intense stresses by cavitation erosion. This complex phenomenon includes both the hydrodynamic factors of the liquid and the microstructure, hardness and ductility characteristics of the material. The present paper describes a method of increasing cavitation erosion resistance by using the local TIG remelting technique of the AlMg3 alloys surface. The experimental tests were performed according to ASTM G32-2016 standard. The response of the material to each value of the heat input was investigated by measuring the mass loss as a function of the cavitation time and by analysing the damaged surfaces using the optical and scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown that the TIG surface modification treatment increases the resistance to cavitation erosion of the alloy, as a consequence of the higher chemical and microstructural homogeneity and finishing of the granulation. © 2021 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.",Cavitation erosion; Microstructure; TIG melting,Aluminum alloys; Binary alloys; Cavitation; Chemical modification; Erosion; Magnesium alloys; Metals; Remelting; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface treatment; Zinc alloys; Al-Si-Mg; Al-Zn-Mg; Alloy surfaces; Aluminium-based alloy; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Ductility characteristics; Experimental test; Microstructure characteristics; Microstructure hardness; TIG melting; Microstructure,"SREEDHAR B. K., ALBERT S. K., PANDIT A. B., Cavitation damage: Theory and measurements - A review, Wear, 372-373, pp. 177-196, (2017); POLA A., MONTESANO L., TOCCI M., LA VECCHIA G.M., Influence of ultrasound treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi7 alloy, Materials, 10, 3, (2017); LEE S. J., KIM K. H., KIM S. J., Surface analysis of Al-Mg alloy series for ship after cavitation test, Surf. Interface Anal, 44, pp. 1389-1392, (2011); MITELEA I., BORDEASU I., FRANT F., UTU I.D., Effect of heat treatment on corrosion and ultrasonic cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi10MnMg alloy, Materials Testing, 62, 9, pp. 92-926, (2020); Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, (2016); FRANT F., MITELEA I., BORDEASU I., UTU I.D., Investigation on ultrasonic cavitation erosion of wrought Al-Mg alloys, Materials Today-Proceedings, 45, pp. 4242-4246, (2021); TOCCI M., POLA A., MONTESANO L., MARINA LA VECCHIA G., Evaluation of cavitation erosion resistance of Al-Si casting alloys: Effect of eutectic and intermetallic phases, Fractura ed Integrità Structurale, 43, pp. 218-230, (2018)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729499-4,,"METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Met. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85124343887 ,Thirumaran B.; Kumaresh Babu S.P.,"Thirumaran, B. (57208005219); Kumaresh Babu, S.P. (8440773700)",57208005219; 8440773700,Synergetic effect of cavitation erosion-corrosion on optimized Stir-Squeeze (Combo) cast AA7075 CuCNT/CuGrP reinforced Hybrid metal matrix Composites,2019,Materials Today: Proceedings,27,,,2815,2822,7,1,10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.378,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090155640&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2019.12.378&partnerID=40&md5=d829d4c17584f24cc1140db91066dabc,"Cavitation erosion corrosion of AA7075 CNT Hybrid GrP nano Composite is dealt in this paper. Since we know that AA7075 is manufactured for aerospace, automobile industries as a structural material. The need of the hour to strengthen this in manifold. To find the erosion corrosion resistance of such an alloy, was made by compo casting (Stir-Squeeze) are commonly used for the production of components, such as cylinders, pistons, pumps, valves and combustion chambers, which in service may experience a cavitation phenomenon. Microstructure, Hardness, mechanical properties were measured. Cavitation tests were carried out according to ASTM G32 standard and the erosion mechanism was examined by optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. It was found the both CuCNT/CuGrP particles enhances and diminishes cavitation erosion resistance in a particular combination of the two, which is expressed in terms of mass loss, and also galvanic coupling between these particle with matrix behaves differently when it is corrosion. Both the effect are studied simultaneously to see the synergetic effect on different combination of CuCNT/CuGrP particles with AA7075. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd.",AA7075; Cavitation erosion corrosion; CuGrP; CuMWCNT; Synergism; Taguchi,Cavitation; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant alloys; Engines; Erosion; Galvanic corrosion; Metallic matrix composites; Nanocomposites; Scanning electron microscopy; Aa7075; Cavitation erosion-corrosion; CuGrP; CuMWCNT; Hybrid metal matrix composites; Know-that; Nano composite; Synergetic effect; Synergism; Taguchi; Automotive industry,"Vyas B., Hannson I.L.H., Corros. Sci., 30, (1990); Engelberg G., Yahalom J., Kalir E., Corros. Sci., 25, (1985); Tomlinson W.J., Talks M.G., Tribol. Int., 24, (1991); Wood R.J.K., Fry S.A., J. Fluids Eng., 111, (1989); Standard Test Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, G32-92, Annual Book of Astm Standard, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa, (1995); Standard Test Method of Potentiodynamic Test, G5-94, Annual Book of Astm Standard, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa, (1995); Standard Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and Related Information from Electrochemical Measurement, G102-89, Annual Book of Astm Standard, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa, (1995); Thirumaran B., Natarajan S., Kumaresh Babu S.P., Adv. Mater., 2, pp. 1-5, (2013); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Mater. Sci. Eng., 290 A, (2000)",Kumaresh Babu S.P.; Kumaran S.,Elsevier Ltd,22147853,,,Mater. Today Proc.,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85090155640 ,Kertscher R.; De Moraes J.M.; Henke S.; Allenstein A.N.; Gonçalves E Silva R.H.; Dutra J.C.; Brunatto S.F.,"Kertscher, Ricardo (57128540400); De Moraes, Juliana Martins (57127773700); Henke, Sérgio (7006196982); Allenstein, Angela Nardelli (37014358500); Gonçalves E Silva, Regis Henrique (57219130329); Dutra, Jair Carlos (26642939500); Brunatto, Silvio Francisco (55954250400)",57128540400; 57127773700; 7006196982; 37014358500; 57219130329; 26642939500; 55954250400,First results of cavitation erosion behavior of plasma nitrided niobium: Surface modification,2015,Materials Research,18,6,,1242,1250,8,6,10.1590/1516-1439.027515,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958694266&doi=10.1590%2f1516-1439.027515&partnerID=40&md5=42d7196a0dc6cc620b65cd789e867cc3,"This work presents the first results of the plasma nitriDing study performed in pure niobium in order to increase its cavitation erosion resistance. Samples were prepared from 98.9% purity and 90% reduction cold-rolled niobium bars. Annealing treatment of the cold-worked niobium samples was carried out in vacuum furnace at 1.33 Pa pressure, in the temperature of 1000 C, for a time of 60 min. Annealed samples showing hardness of 80 HV were cut to dimensions of 20 30 4 mm3. NitriDing treatment was conducted at 1080 C, gas mixture of 90% N2 + 10% H2, flow rate of 5 10-6 Nm3s-1, and pressure of 1200 Pa (9 Torr), for a total time of 4 h comprised by two treatment steps of 2 h each. For comparison purpose, results for nitrided and non-nitrided niobium are confronted. Samples were characterized by XRD, nanoindentation, microhardness, SEM, and 2D surface topography and 3D interferometry profile analysis techniques. Cavitation testing was conducted accorDing to ASTM G32-09. Comparatively, promising results based on the formation of niobium nitride phases in treated surfaces are presented and discussed in the present work.",Cavitation-erosion; Niobium; Niobium nitride; Plasma nitriding,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Cold rolling; Erosion; Metal cladding; Niobium; Nitrides; Nitriding; Nitrogen plasma; Stainless steel; Surface topography; Surface treatment; Vacuum furnaces; Annealed samples; Annealing treatments; Cavitation erosion resistance; Niobium nitride; Nitriding treatment; Plasma nitrided; Plasma nitriding; Profile analysis; Plasma applications,"Stachowiak G.W., Batchelor A.W., Abrasive, Erosive and Cavitation Wear Engineering Tribology, (2006); Brunatto S.F., Allenstein A.N., Allenstein C.L.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Cavitation erosion behavior of niobium, Wear, 274-275, pp. 220-228, (2012); Borcz C., Lepienski C.M., Brunatto S.F., Surface modification of pure niobium by plasma nitriding, Surface and Coatings Technology, 224, pp. 114-119, (2013); Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an austenitic AISI 304L stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance for lowtemperature plasma nitrided CA-6NM martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 309, 1-2, pp. 159-165, (2014); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of structural ceramics, Ceramics International, 20, 3, pp. 201-209, (1994); Niebuhr D., Cavitation erosion behavior of ceramics in aqueous solutions, Wear, 263, 1-6, pp. 295-300, (2007); Fatjo G.G.A., Hadfield M., Tabeshfar K., Pseudoplastic deformation pits on polished ceramics due to cavitation erosion, Ceramics International, 37, 6, pp. 1919-1927, (2011); Pedzich Z., Jasionowski R., Ziabka M., Cavitation wear of structural oxide ceramics and selected composite materials, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 34, 14, pp. 3351-3356, (2014); Karunamurthy B., Hadfield M., Vieillard C., Morales G., Cavitation erosion in silicon nitride: Experimental investigations on the mechanism of material degradation, Tribology International, 43, 12, pp. 2251-2257, (2010); Karunamurthy B., Hadfield M., Vieillard C., Morales-Espejel G.E., Khan Z., Cavitation and rolling wear in silicon nitride, Ceramics International, 36, 4, pp. 1373-1381, (2010); Krella A.K., The new parameter to assess cavitation erosion resistance of hard PVD coatings, Engineering Failure Analysis, 18, 3, pp. 855-867, (2011); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Influence of the substrate hardness on the cavitation erosion resistance of TiN coating, Wear, 263, 1-6, pp. 395-401, (2007); Chapman B., Glow Discharge Processes, (1980); Souza G.B., Foerster C.E., Silva S.L.R., Lepienski C.M., Nanomechanical properties of rough surfaces, Materials Research, 9, 2, pp. 159-163, (2006); Foerster C.E., Assmann A., Silva S.L.R., Nascimento F.C., Lepienski C.M., Guimaraes J.L., Et al., AISI 304 nitrocarburized at low temperature: Mechanical and tribological properties, Surface and Coatings Technology, 204, 18-19, pp. 3004-3008, (2010); Han Z., Hu X., Tian J., Li G., Mingyuan G., Magnetron sputtered NbN thin films and mechanical properties, Surface and Coatings Technology, 179, 2-3, pp. 188-192, (2004); Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-purpose Materials, (1990); Wilkinson W.D., Fabrication of Refractory Metals, (1970)",,Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos,15161439,,,Mater. Res.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84958694266 Bordeasu,Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Belin C.; Uţu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.,"Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Belin, Cosmin (57204665992); Uţu, Ion-Dragoş (6508248410); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)",16309955100; 13409573100; 57204665992; 6508248410; 6603971254,"Cavitation Resistance, Microstructure, and Surface Topography of Plasma Nitrided Nimonic 80 A Alloy",2022,Materials,15,19,6654,,,,5,10.3390/ma15196654,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139912450&doi=10.3390%2fma15196654&partnerID=40&md5=d838b71dca5e526bb29bc07df404e3c9,"Cavitation erosion of structural materials is a form of wear damage that affects the performance and life of components used in the aerospace, nuclear, and automotive industries, leading to an increase in the frequency of maintenance operations and redesign costs. The cavitation erosion behaviour of the nickel-based superalloy, Nimonic 80 A, was investigated using a piezoceramic crystal vibrator, according to the requirements of ASTM G32-2016. The results showed that plasma nitriding leads to a reduction in the mean erosion penetration depth by approximately ten times and of the erosion rate by the order of six times, compared to the solution heat-treated samples. Typical topographies of cavitation-eroded surfaces show a preferential degradation of the grain boundaries between the γ solid solution phases, of the twins’ boundary, and of the interface between the precipitated particles and the γ solid solution matrix. In the nitrided samples, the cracking initiation is determined by nitride particles, which are hard and brittle. Due to the high mechanical strength of the solid solution γ with the fcc crystal lattice, the appearance of the cavitation surface is uniform, and the fracture has a ductile character. © 2022 by the authors.",cavitation; microstructure; Nimonic alloy; nitriding,Aluminum nitride; Automotive industry; Cavitation; Erosion; Grain boundaries; Nickel alloys; Nitriding; Piezoelectric ceramics; Solid solutions; Topography; Cavitation resistance; Erosion behavior; Maintenance operations; Nickel-based superalloys; Nimonic alloy; Performance; Piezo-ceramics; Plasma nitrided; Plasma nitriding; Wear damage; Microstructure,"Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Nystrom R.E., Corelation of cavitation damage with other material and fluid properties, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, (1960); Frank J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Kisasoz A., Tumer M., Karaaslan A., Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of nickel superalloy weld metal, Mater. Test, 63, pp. 895-900, (2021); Chen J.H., Wu W., Cavitation erosion behavior of Inconel 690 alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 489, pp. 451-456, (2008); Khajuria G., Wani M.F., High-Temperature Friction and Wear Studies of Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 Against Nimonic 75 Under Dry Sliding Conditions, Tribol. Lett, 65, (2017); Sun W., Qin X., Guo J., Zhou L., Microstructure stability and mechanical properties of a new low cost hot-corrosion resistant Ni–Fe–Cr based super alloy during long-term thermal exposure, Mater. Des, 69, pp. 70-80, (2015); Liu J.K., Cao J., Lin X.T., Song X.G., Feng J.C., Microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded single crystal to polycrystalline Ni-based super alloys joint, Mater. Des, 49, pp. 622-626, (2013); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Hadar A., The effect of nickel from stainless steels with 13% chromium and 0.10% carbon on the resistance of erosion by cavitation, Rev. Chim, 56, pp. 1169-1174, (2005); Chen F., Du J., Zhoub S., Cavitation erosion behaviour of incoloy alloy 865 in NaCl solution using ultrasonic vibration, J. Alloy. Compd, 831, (2020); Liu Q., Li Z., Du S., He Z., Han J., Zhang Y., Cavitation erosion behavior of GH 4738, Tribol. Int, 156, (2021); Mitelea I., Bena T., Bordeasu I., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Enhancement of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Cast Iron with TIG Remelted Surface, Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci, 50, pp. 3767-3775, (2019); Navneet K., Singh N.V., Andrew S.M.A., Mahajan D.K., Singh H., Cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based cermet coatings for monel K-500, Tribol. Int, 159, (2021); Han S., Lin J.H., Kuo J.J., He J.L., Shih H.C., The cavitation-erosion phenomenon of chromium nitride coatings deposited using cathodic arc plasma deposition on steel, Surf. Coat. Technol, 161, pp. 20-25, (2002); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Housden J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and PAPVD Cr1−xNx coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 1045 steel, Surf. Coat. Technol, 200, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Espitia L.A., Varela L., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Cavitation erosion resistance of low temperature plasma nitrided martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 301, pp. 449-456, (2013); Huang W.H., Chen K.C., He J.L., A study on the cavitation resistance of ion-nitrided steel, Wear, 252, pp. 459-466, (2002); Mitelea I., Dimian E., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of gas nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloys, Ultrason. Sonochemistry, 21, pp. 1544-1548, (2014); Manova D., Hirsch D., Gerlach J.W., Mandl S., Neumann H., Rauschenbach B., In situ investigation of phase formation during low energy ion nitriding of Ni80Cr20 alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol, 259, pp. 434-441, (2014); Chollet S., Pichont L., Cormier J., Dubois J.B., Villechaise P., Drouet M., Declemy A., Templier C., Plasma assisted nitriding of Ni-based superalloys with various microstructures, Surf. Coat. Technol, 235, pp. 318-325, (2013); Eliasen K.M., Christiansen T., Somers M., Low temperature gaseous nitriding of Ni based superalloys, Surf. Eng, 264, pp. 248-255, (2010); ASTM G32-2016, (2021); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Riemschneider E., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion improvement following TIG surface-remelting of gray cast iron, Wear, 496–497, (2022); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Patrascoiu C., Balasoiu V., An Analytical Model for the Cavitation Erosion Characteristic Curves, Sci. Bul. Politeh. Univ. Timis. Trans. Mech, 49, pp. 253-258, (2004)",,MDPI,19961944,,,Mater.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85139912450 ,Fahim J.; Hadavi S.M.M.; Ghayour H.; Hassanzadeh Tabrizi S.A.,"Fahim, J. (57204141164); Hadavi, S.M.M. (6506522532); Ghayour, H. (37461305300); Hassanzadeh Tabrizi, S.A. (23990591800)",57204141164; 6506522532; 37461305300; 23990591800,Cavitation erosion behavior of super-hydrophobic coatings on Al5083 marine aluminum alloy,2019,Wear,424-425,,,122,132,10,38,10.1016/j.wear.2019.02.017,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061609748&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2019.02.017&partnerID=40&md5=aaf1826637790ae50c40ce48372d844f,"Al5083 alloy is widely used in marine and ship building industries for the construction of ship structures due to its high strength, fatigue resistance, and relatively good corrosion resistance against salty water. However, cavitation is one of its limiting factors in some important parts such as propellers used for marine applications. In the current research, the cavitation erosion behavior of super-hydrophobic coatings deposited on Al5083 aluminum was studied. The super-hydrophobic coating process included anodizing the surface in sulfuric acid followed by the surface chemical modification process with two Triethoxy Octylsilane (KH-832) and 1 H,1 H,2 H,2H-Perfluoro Octyl-Trichloro Silane (PFOTS) classes. The cavitation test was conducted according to ASTM-G32 standard using the vibration amplitude of 20μ in distilled water. The surface damage on the super-hydrophobic coatings was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cavitation erosion caused the surface roughness of the as-anodized sample to increase from 85.9 nm to 153 nm, whereas for the coated samples, the cavitation process resulted in surface smoothing. In fact, cavitation erosion decreased the surface roughness of KH-832 and PFOTS coated samples from 269 nm to 119 nm and from 251 nm to 167 nm respectively. The number of the cavities formed on the surfaces of KH-832 and PFOTS coatings was more than that in the as-anodized sample due to their rougher surfaces. However, the super-hydrophobic nature of the coatings resulted in the formation of small bubbles. Hence, the depth of the generated cavities in KH-832 and PFOTS samples was lower than that in the as-anodized sample. In fact, the cavities on the coated surface did not penetrate into the substrate and this enhanced the cavitation resistance of the sample. Finally, a model for the cavitation erosion behavior of PFOTS and the anodized samples was presented. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.",Anodizing; Cavitation; Cavitation erosion; Marine alloy; Modelling; Super-hydrophobic coating,Aluminum alloys; Anodic oxidation; Atomic force microscopy; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chemical modification; Construction industry; Corrosion fatigue; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant alloys; Erosion; High strength alloys; Hydrophobicity; Marine applications; Models; Scanning electron microscopy; Seawater corrosion; Ship propulsion; Ships; Surface roughness; Anodized samples; Building industry; Cavitation resistance; Super hydrophobic coatings; Superhydrophobic; Surface chemical modifications; Surface smoothing; Vibration amplitude; Aluminum coatings,"Kramer L., Phillippi M., Tack W.T., Wong C., Locally reversing sensitization in 5xxx aluminum plate, J. Mater. Eng. 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(23484519200)",56545535000; 55209868500; 36661124200; 57205453526; 23484519200,"Artificial neural network model of hardness, porosity and cavitation erosion wear of APS deposited Al2O3 -13 wt% TiO2 coatings",2021,Journal of Physics: Conference Series,1736,1,12033,,,,7,10.1088/1742-6596/1736/1/012033,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097020218&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f1736%2f1%2f012033&partnerID=40&md5=faaa2831afb5ad959cf97b62754ddc2b,"The aim of the article is to build-up a simplified model of the effect of atmospheric plasma spraying process parameters on the deposits' functional properties. The artificial neural networks were employed to elaborate on the model and the Matlab software was used. The model is crucial to study the relationship between process parameters, such as stand-off distance and torch velocity, and the properties of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 ceramic coatings. During this study, the coatings morphology, as well as its properties such as Vickers microhardness, porosity, and cavitation erosion resistance were taken into consideration. The cavitation erosion tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32 standard. Moreover, the cavitation erosion wear mechanism was presented. The proposed neural model is essential for establishing the optimisation procedure for the selection of the spray process parameters to obtain the Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 ceramic coatings with specified functional properties. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Alumina; Aluminum oxide; Cavitation; Ceramic coatings; Computational methods; Erosion; MATLAB; Oxide minerals; Plasma diagnostics; Plasma spraying; Porosity; Titanium dioxide; Wear of materials; Artificial neural network modeling; Atmospheric plasma spraying; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation-erosion wear; Functional properties; Optimisation procedures; Stand-off distance (SoD); Vickers microhardness; Neural networks,"Pawlowski L, The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings, (2008); Latka L, Szala M, Macek W, Branco R, Mechanical Properties and Sliding Wear Resistance of Suspension Plasma Sprayed YSZ Coatings, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 14, pp. 307-314, (2020); Fauchais P L, Heberlein J V R, Boulos M, Thermal Spray Fundamentals: From Powder to Part, (2014); Alontseva D L, Ghassemieh E, Voinarovych S, Russakova A, Kyslytsia O, Polovetskyi Y, Toxanbayeva A, Characterisation of the microplasma spraying of biocompatible coating of titanium, J. Microsc, 279, pp. 148-157, (2020); Maruszczyk A, Dudek A, Szala M, Research into Morphology and Properties of TiO2-NiAl Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Coating, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 11, pp. 204-210, (2017); Kiilakoski J, Musalek R, Lukac F, Koivuluoto H, Vuoristo P, Evaluating the toughness of APS and HVOF-sprayed Al2O3-ZrO2-coatings by in-situ-and macroscopic bending, J. Eur. Ceram. 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Soc, 27, pp. 1319-1323, (2007); Matikainen V, Niemi K, Koivuluoto H, Vuoristo P, Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation Erosion Wear Properties of Thermally Sprayed Alumina Based, Coatings Coatings, 4, pp. 18-36, (2014); Davis J R, Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology (ASM International), (2004); Szala M, Latka L, Awtoniuk M, Winnicki M, Michalak M, Neural modelling of APS thermal spray process parameters for optimising the hardness, porosity and cavitation erosion resistance of Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 coatings (in press), Processes, 8, (2020)",,IOP Publishing Ltd,17426588,,,J. Phys. Conf. Ser.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85097020218 ,Mušálek R.; Nardozza E.; Tesař T.; Medřický J.,"Mušálek, Radek (28367845600); Nardozza, Emanuele (57211517415); Tesař, Tomáš (57193545531); Medřický, Jan (56312824000)",28367845600; 57211517415; 57193545531; 56312824000,Evaluation of internal cohesion of multiphase plasma-sprayed coatings by cavitation test: Feasibility study,2020,Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings,27,,,73,78,5,1,10.14311/APP.2020.27.0073,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100896559&doi=10.14311%2fAPP.2020.27.0073&partnerID=40&md5=1f256212539ef2e492c36a31e4b1c9db,"Mechanical characterization of plasma-sprayed coatings at microscopic level represents a major challenge due to the presence of numerous inherent microstructural features such as cracks, pores, or splat boundaries, which complicate coatings characterization by conventional testing methods. Need for reliable testing of structural integrity of newly developed multiphase plasma-sprayed coatings introduced even more complexity to the testing. In this study, applicability of indirect vibratory cavitation test (adapted from ASTM G32 standard) for such testing was evaluated. Three plasma-sprayed coatings having distinctive microstructures were tested: i) conventional alumina coating deposited from coarse powder, ii) hybrid coating deposited by co-spraying of coarse alumina powder and fine yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) suspension, and iii) compact alumina coating deposited from fine ethanol-based suspension. Differences in the coatings internal cohesion were reflected in different failure mechanisms observed within the cavitation crater by scanning electron microscopy and mean erosion rates being i) 280 µm/hour, ii) 97 µm/hour and iii) 14 µm/hour, respectively. © Czech Technical University in Prague, 2020.",Cavitation damage; Cohesion; Failure analysis; Plasma spray coatings,,"Nohava J., Musalek R., Matejicek J., Vilemova M., A contribution to understanding the results of instrumented indentation on thermal spray coatings - case study on Al2O3 and stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, 240, pp. 243-249, (2014); Standard test method for adhesion or cohesion strength of thermal spray coatings, american society for testing and materials (astm), pp. c633-13, (2017); Musalek R., Pejchal V., Vilemova M., Matejicek J., Multiple-approach evaluation of wsp coatings adhesion/cohesion strength, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 22, pp. 221-232, (2013); Matikainen V., Peregrina S. R., Ojala N., Et al., Erosion wear performance of WC-10Co4Cr and Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings sprayed with high-velocity thermal spray processes, Surface and Coatings Technology, 370, pp. 196-212, (2019); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Abrasion, erosion and cavitation erosion wear properties of thermally sprayed alumina based coatings, Coatings, 4, pp. 18-36, (2014); Kiilakoski J., Puranen J., Heinonen E., Et al., Characterization of powder-precursor HVOF-Sprayed Al2O3-YSZ/ZrO2 coatings, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 28, pp. 98-107, (2019); Chahine G. L., Franc J.-P., Karimi A., Laboratory Testing Methods of Cavitation Erosion, pp. 21-35, (2014); Lee H.-B., Park C.-S., Son S.-M., Et al., Combatting rudder erosion with cavitation-resistant coating, Journal of Protective Coatings & Linings, 32, 3, pp. 38-41, (2015); ASTM G32 - 16 standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, (2016); Tesar T., Musalek R., Medricky J., Et al., Development of suspension plasma sprayed alumina coatings with high enthalpy plasma torch, Surface and Coatings Technology, 325, pp. 277-288, (2017); Musalek R., Medricky J., Tesar T., Et al., Suspensions plasma spraying of ceramics with hybrid water-stabilized plasma technology, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 26, pp. 37-46, (2017); Medricky J., Musalek R., Janata M., Et al., Cost-effective plasma spraying for large-scale applications, ITSC 2018 - Proc. Int. Therm. Spray Conf, pp. 683-689, (2018); Kuroda S., Clyne T., The quenching stress in thermally sprayed coatings, Thin Solid Films, 200, 1, pp. 49-66, (1991); Musalek R., Medricky J., Tesar T., Et al., Controlling microstructure of yttria-stabilized zirconia prepared from suspensions and solutions by plasma spraying with high feed rates, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 26, 8, pp. 1787-1803, (2017)",Nemecek J.; Hausild P.; Ctvrtlik R.,Czech Technical University,23365382,978-800106735-2,,Acta Polytech. CTU Proc.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85100896559 ,Tocci M.; Pola A.; Montesano L.; La Vecchia G.M.,"Tocci, Marialaura (55797597700); Pola, Annalisa (8616888900); Montesano, Lorenzo (36806747600); La Vecchia, G. Marina (7004576430)",55797597700; 8616888900; 36806747600; 7004576430,Evaluation of cavitation erosion resistance of Al-Si casting alloys: Effect of eutectic and intermetallic phases,2018,Frattura ed Integrita Strutturale,12,43,,218,230,12,6,10.3221/IGF-ESIS.43.17,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039062915&doi=10.3221%2fIGF-ESIS.43.17&partnerID=40&md5=903b9d00a44e25b04066ce9bfca0f99e,"In the present paper, the influence of eutectic and intermetallic phases on cavitation resistance of Al-Si alloys was studied. In fact, Al-Si alloys are commonly used for the production of components, such as cylinders, pistons, pumps, valves and combustion chambers, which in service may incur in cavitation phenomenon. Samples of AlSi3, AlSi9 and AlSi9CuFe were characterized from the microstructural point of view. Hardness measurements were also performed. Subsequently, cavitation tests were carried out according to ASTM G32 standard and the erosion mechanism was examined by scanning electron microscope. It was found the both eutectic and intermetallic phases enhance cavitation resistance, expressed in terms of mass loss. Particularly, intermetallic particles with complex morphologies provide a positive contribution, exceeding that of other microstructural features, as grain size. The effect of T6 heat treatment was also evaluated. It was confirmed that the precipitation of fine strengthening particles in the Al matrix successfully hinders the movement of dislocations, resulting in a longer incubation stage and a lower mass loss for heat-treated samples in comparison with as-cast ones. Finally, the relationship between cavitation resistance and material hardness was investigated. © 2018, Gruppo Italiano Frattura. All rights reserved.",Al-Si alloys; Brinell hardness; Cavitation erosion; Intermetallics; Scanning electron microscopy,Aluminum metallography; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Copper compounds; Engines; Erosion; Eutectics; Intermetallics; Iron compounds; Precipitation (chemical); Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon alloys; Al-Si alloy; Brinell hardness; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation phenomenon; Cavitation resistance; Inter-metallic particle; Microstructural features; Strengthening particles; Aluminum alloys,"Davis J.R., Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, ASM International, (1999); Okada T., Iwai Y., Hattori S., Tanimura N., Relation between impact load and the damage produced by cavitation bubble collapse, Wear, 184, pp. 231-239, (1995); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Cavitation Erosion of Face Centered Cubic Metals, Metall. Trans. A, 8A, pp. 915-923, (1977); Hansson I., Morch K.A., The initial stage of cavitation erosion on aluminium in water flow, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 11, pp. 147-154, (1978); Preece C.M., Macmillan N.H., Erosion, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci, 7, pp. 95-121, (1977); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergistic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of various engineering alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 290, pp. 145-154, (2000); Dos Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron andnonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Neville A., McDougall B.A.B., Erosion– and cavitation–corrosion of titanium and its alloys, Wear, 250, pp. 726-735, (2001); Li H., Cui Z., Li Z., Zhu S., Yang X., Effect of gas nitriding treatment on cavitation erosion behavior of commercially pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol, 221, pp. 29-36, (2013); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Fortes Patella R., Choffat T., Reboud J.-L., Archer A., Mass loss simulation in cavitation erosion: Fatigue criterion approach, Wear, 300, pp. 205-215, (2013); Sreedhar B.K., Albert S.K., Pandit A.B., Cavitation damage: Theory and measurements- A review, Wear, 372-373, pp. 177-196, (2017); Vaidya S., Preece C.M., Cavitation Erosion of Age-Hardenable Aluminum Alloys, Metall. Trans. A, 9A, pp. 299-307, (1978); Pola A., Montesano L., Tocci M., La Vecchia G.M., Influence of Ultrasound Treatment on Cavitation Erosion Resistance of AlSi7 Alloy, Materials, 10, (2017); Ye H., An Overview of the Development of Al-Si-Alloy Based Material for Engine Applications, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 12, pp. 288-297, (2003); Lee S.J., Kim K.H., Kim S.J., Surface Analysis of Al-Mg Alloy Series for Ship after Cavitation Test, Surf, Interface Anal, 44, pp. 1389-1392, (2011); Laguna-Camacho J.R., Lewis R., Vite-Torres M., Mendez-Mendez J.V., A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301, pp. 467-476, (2013); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloys, J. Mater. Sci, 29, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Gottardi G., Tocci M., Montesano M., Pola A., Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging, Wear, 394-395, pp. 1-10, (2018); Dwivedi D.K., Sharma R., Kumar A., Influence of silicon content and heat treatment parameters on mechanical properties of cast Al–Si–Mg alloys, Int. J. Cast Metal. Res, 19, pp. 275-282, (2006); Wang Y., Liao H., Wu Y., Yang J., Effect of Si content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Si–Mg alloys, Mater. Des, 53, pp. 634-638, (2014); Ceschini L., Boromei I., Morri A., Seifeddine S., Svensson I.L., Effect of Fe content and microstructural features on the tensile and fatigue properties of the Al-Si10-Cu2 alloy, Mater. Des, 36, pp. 522-528, (2012); Taylor J.A., Iron-containing intermetallic phases in Al-Si based casting alloys, Proc. Mat. Sci, 1, pp. 19-33, (2012); Tocci M., Donnini R., Angella G., Pola A., Effect of Cr and Mn addition and heat treatment on AlSi3Mg casting alloy, Mater. Charact, 123, pp. 75-82, (2017); Basavakumar K.G., Mukunda P.G., Chakraborty M., Influence of grain refinement and modification on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7Si and Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys, Mater. Charact, 59, pp. 283-289, (2008); Casari D., Merlin M., Garagnani G.L., A comparative study on the effects of three commercial Ti-B-based grain refiners on the impact properties of A356 cast aluminium alloy, J. Mater. Sci, 48, pp. 4365-4377, (2013); Zhao W., Zhang L., Wang Z., Yan H., Study on Defects of A356 Aluminum Alloy Wheel, Adv. Mat. Res, 189-193, pp. 3862-3865, (2011); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloy matrix/ceramic composites, J. Mater. Sci. Lett, 13, pp. 170-173, (1994); Cosic M., Dojcinovic M., Acimovic-Pavlovic Z., Fabrication and behaviour of Al-Si/SiC composite in cavitation conditions, Int. J. Cast. Metal. Res, 27, pp. 49-55, (2014); Sjolander E., Seifeddine S., Optimisation of solution treatment of cast Al–Si–Cu alloys, Mater. Des, 31, pp. 44-49, (2010); Han Y., Samuel A.M., Doty H.W., Valtierra S., Samuel F.H., Optimizing the tensile properties of Al–Si–Cu–Mg 319-type alloys: Role of solution heat treatment, Mater. Des, 58, pp. 426-438, (2014); Tocci M., Pola A., Raza L., Armellin L., Afeltra U., Optimization of heat treatment parameters for a nonconventional Al-Si-Mg alloy with cr addition by DoE method, Metall. Ital, 108, pp. 141-144, (2016); Davis J.R., ASM Speciality Handbook, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, ASM International, (1993); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Wang Q.G., Davidson C.J., Solidification and precipitation behaviour of Al-Si-Mg casting alloys, J. Mat. Sci, 26, pp. 739-750, (2001); Reif W., Dutkiewicz J., Chiach R., Yu S., Krol J., Effect of ageing on the evolution of precipitates in AlSiCuMg alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 234-236, pp. 165-168, (1997); Bregliozzi G., Di Schino A., Ahmed S.I., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 285, pp. 503-510, (2005); Moustafa M.A., Samuel F.H., Doty H.W., Effect of solution heat treatment and additives on the microstructure of Al–Si (A413.1) automotive alloys, J. Mater. Sci, 38, pp. 4507-4522, (2003); Hovis S.K., Talia J., Scattergood R.O., Erosion mechanisms in aluminum and Al-Si alloys, Wear, 107, pp. 175-181, (1986); Cojocaru V., Campian V.C., Frunzaverde D., A comparative analysis of the methods used for testing the cavitation erosion resistance on the vibratory devices, U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series D, 77, pp. 257-262, (2015)",,Gruppo Italiano Frattura,19718993,,,Frat. Integrita Strutr.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85039062915 Bordeasu,Bordeasu I.; Sîrbu N.-A.; Lazar I.; Mitelea I.; Ghera C.; Sava M.; Mălaimare G.; Bazavan V.,"Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Sîrbu, Nicușor-Alin (55523476800); Lazar, Iosif (57200633522); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Sava, Marcela (55892762900); Mălaimare, Gabriel (57214755741); Bazavan, Viorel (57292345400)",13409573100; 55523476800; 57200633522; 16309955100; 57038932100; 55892762900; 57214755741; 57292345400,New results of the heat-treated cuzn39pb3 brass behavior and resistance to cavitation erosion,2021,Key Engineering Materials,890 KEM,,,173,180,7,0,10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.890.173,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116909312&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fKEM.890.173&partnerID=40&md5=beb516661370bcc7b771efbda3cdd0e4,"The paper presents the results of the behavior and resistance to the erosion by vibrating cavitation of the CuZn39Pb3 brass, obtained by quenching the volume heat treatment from 800°C with water cooling, followed by the stress-relief to 250°C, with air cooling. Comparison with both the delivery status and the naval brass (used for ship propellers), based on the characteristic parameters values, recommended by the ASTM G32 standards and used in the Cavitation Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara, shows that the hardness increase resulted from the heat treatment led to a significant increase of resistance to vibrating cavitation. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.",Brass; Cavitation erosion; Cavitation resistance; Volumetric heat treatment,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Lead alloys; Stress relief; Ternary alloys; Air cooling; Cavitation resistance; Characteristics parameters; Hardness increase; Naval brass; New results; Volumetric heat treatment; Volumetrics; Water cooling; Brass,"Lazar I., Tehnici de optimizare a rezistenţei la eroziune prin cavitaţie a unor aliaje Cu-Zn şi Cu-Sn, Teza de doctorat, (Techniques for optimizing the cavitation erosion resistance of Cu-Zn and Cu-Sn alloys, (2020); Lazar I., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M. O., Mitelea I., Craciunescu C. M., Pirvulescu L. D., Sava M., Micu L. M., Evaluation of the brass CuZn39Pb3 resistance at vibratory cavitation erosion, International conference on applied sciences ICAS 2018, (2018); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea cavitaţională a materialelor, (2006); Bordeasu I., Efecte de scară, Timişoara, Teză de doctorat, (Cavitation erosion on materials used in the construction of hydraulic machines and naval propellers, (1997); Oanca O., Tehnici de optimizare a rezistenţei la eroziunea prin cavitaţie a unor aliaje CuAlNiFeMn destinate execuţiei elicelor navale, Teza de doctorat, (Techniques for optimizing the resistance to cavitation erosion of some CuAlNiFeMn alloys for the execution of naval propellers, (2014); Salcianu L., Curgerea în vanele fluture și eroziunea prin cavitaţie a componentelor din oţeluriinoxidabile austenitice, Teza de octorat, (Flow in butterfly valves and cavitation erosion of austenitic stainless steel components, (2017); Karabenciov A., Cercetări asupra eroziunii produse prin cavitaţie vibratorie la oţelurile inoxidabile cu conţinut constant în nichel şi variabil de crom, Teza de doctorat (Research on erosion produced by vibrational cavitation in stainless steels with constant nickel and chromium content, (2013); Mitelea I., Ghera C., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel, International Journal of Materials Research, 106, 4, pp. 391-397, (2015); Micu L, Lazar I, Bordeasu I., Badarau R., Podoleanu C.E., Duma S.T., Pirvulescu L.D., Hluscu M., Evaluation of the Cavitation Resistance of Some Materials Based on Mean Durability, Welding and Material Testing, XXVII, 1, pp. 14-17, (2018); Lazar I., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M. O., Mitelea I., Bena T., Micu L. M., Considerations regarding the erosion mechanism of vibratory cavitation, KOD 2018, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 393, (2019); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Cavitation Erosion Behaviour of Stainless Steels with Constant Nickel and Variable Chromium Content, Materials Testing, 54, 1, pp. 53-58, (2012); Popoviciu M., Bordeasu I., Cavitation resistance evalution for materials used in ship propellers and hydraulic turbine manufacturing, Buletinul Ştiinţific şi Tehnic al Universităţii Tehnice, Timişoara, 39, 53, (1994); Popoviciu M., Bordeasu I, Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test; Geru N., Metalurgie fizică, Editura didactică și pedagogic, (1981); Ghera C., Rolul tratamentelor duplex în creşterea rezistenţei la cavitaţie a oţelurilor pentru aparatura sistemelor hidraulice, Teza de doctorat, The role of duplex treatments in increasing the cavitation resistance of steels for hydraulic systems equipment, (2017); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea cavitationala a materialelor folosite in realizarea elicelor navale, Analele Universitatii din Oradea, Fascicola Mecanica, Cavitation erosion of materials used in the construction of naval propellers, pp. 54-59, (1992); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C. M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, Journal of Tribology-Transactions of the ASME, 138, 3, (2016)",SIRBU N.-A.,Trans Tech Publications Ltd,10139826,978-303571766-2,KEMAE,Key Eng Mat,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85116909312 Bordeasu,Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Cosma D.; Uţu I.D.; Buzdugan D.; Crăciunescu C.M.,"Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Cosma, Daniela (57446418800); Uţu, Ion Dragoş (57987603600); Buzdugan, Dragoş (36681935400); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)",16309955100; 13409573100; 57446418800; 57987603600; 36681935400; 6603971254,Enhanced cavitation erosion resistance of GX40CrNiSi25-20 cast stainless steels by surface TIG re-melting,2023,Wear,530-531,,205058,,,,1,10.1016/j.wear.2023.205058,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165575616&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2023.205058&partnerID=40&md5=be873172603d241d4db6e4c40b10f76d,"This study aimed to reduce cavitation erosion effects by improving the surface properties of high-alloyed steel cast parts using the tungsten inert gas (TIG) surface physical modification technique. Local surface melting was performed at different linear energies (El = 4080–8880 J/cm) by varying the current between 100 and 200 A at a constant voltage of 10.2–11.1 V. Hardness increased from 210 to 390 HV5 when a TIG current of 150 A with a linear energy of El = 6630 J/cm was implemented. Using this technique, a surface layer with increased resistance to cavitation erosion was formed. This new surface absorbed large amounts of impact energy owing to a favourable combination of microstructural changes, leading to improved elastic and plastic properties, work hardening, cracking, and failure response. The cavitation erosion performance of the re-melted surface layer was analysed using a piezoceramic vibrating device according to the ASTM G32–2016 standard. Following TIG surface re-melting, the average penetration depth of erosion and the cavitation erosion rate increased by approxmately 6.8 times. Based on optical and electronic metallographic analyses, hardness measurements, and X-ray diffraction, it was shown that the morphology of the surface layer following cavitation erosion tests was affected. Microcraters tended to develop at locations where carbide particles from the alloying elements were previously present. At a current of 150 A, the depth of the microcraters reached values of approximately 15 μm; however, microcrater depth reached 10 μm in the austenite matrix. Based on these investigations, an understanding of the mechanisms that result in the improvement of the resistance to erosion by cavitation of cast high-alloy steels whose surfaces were re-melted using the TIG technique is developed. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation; High alloy steel; Microstructure; TIG re-melting of the surface,Alloy steel; Alloying elements; Carbides; Cavitation corrosion; Ductile fracture; Erosion; Hardness; Microstructure; Morphology; Steel metallurgy; Strain hardening; 'current; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Enhanced cavitations; High-alloy steels; Linear energy; Microcraters; Re-melting; Surface layers; Tungsten inert gas; Tungsten inert gas re-melting of the surface; Cavitation,"Franc J.-P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, International metal rewiews, 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Peng K., Kang C., Li G., Matsuda K., Soyama H., Effect of Heat Treatment on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Stainless Steel, pp. 1-9, (2017); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţională a Materialelor, (2006); Berchiche N.A., Franc J.-P., Michel J.M., A cavitation erosion model for ductile materials, J. Fluid Eng., 124, 3, pp. 601-606, (2002); Franc J.-P., Incubation time and cavitation erosion rate of work-hardening materials, J. Fluid Eng., 131, 2, pp. 21303-21317, (2009); Choi J.-K., Jayaprakash A., Chahine G.L., Scaling of cavitation erosion progression with cavitation intensity and cavitation, Wear, pp. 278-279, (2012); Abouel-Kasem A., Ezz El-Deen A., Emara K.M., Ahmed S.M., Investigation into cavitation erosion pits, J. Tribol., 131, pp. 31605-31612, (2009); Pai R., Hargreaves D.J., Performance of environment-friendly hydraulic fluids and material wear in cavitating conditions, Wear, 252, pp. 970-978, (2002); Krella A.K., Krupa A., Effect of cavitation intensity on degradation of X6CrNiTi18-10 stainless steel, Wear, pp. 180-189, (2018); Kwook C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergetic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of various engineering alloys in 3,5%NaCl solution, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, A290, pp. 145-154, (2000); Nair R.B., Arora H.S., Mukherjee S., Singh S., Grewal H.S., Exceptionally high cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance of a high entropy alloy, Ultrason. Sonochem., 41, pp. 252-260, (2018); Momeni S., Tillmann W., Pohl M., Composite cavitation resistant PVD coatings based on NiTi thin films, Mater. Des., 110, pp. 830-838, (2016); Lamana M.S., Pukasiewicz A.G.M., Sampath S., Influence of kobalt kontent and HVOF deposition process on the cavitation erosion resistance of WC-Co coatings, Wear, 398-399, pp. 209-219, (2017); Stella J., Schuller E., Hessing C., Hamed O.A., Pohl M., Stover D., Cavitation erosion of plasma-sprayed NiTi coating, Wear, 260, pp. 1020-1027, (2006); Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Alabeedi K.F.A.O., Microstructure and erosion resistance enhancement of nodular cast iron by laser melting, Wear, 266, 9-10, pp. 925-933, (2009); Kwok C., Man H., Cheng F., Cavitation erosion and pitting corrosion of laser surface melted stainless steels, Surf. Coating. Technol., 99, pp. 295-304, (1998); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Riemschneider E., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion improvement following TIG surface-remelting of gray cast iron, Wear, 496-497, (2022); Verma S., Dubey P., Selokar A.W., Dwivedi D.K., Chandra R., Cavitation Erosion Behaviour of Nitrogen Ion Implanted 13Cr4Ni Steel, 70, pp. 957-965, (2017); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance for low-temperature plasma nitrided Ca-6NM martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 309, pp. 159-165, (2014); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Housden J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and PAPVD Cr1−xNx coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 1045 steel, Surf. Coating. Technol., 200, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Mitelea I., Dimian E., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of gas nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloys, Ultrason. Sonochem., 21, 4, pp. 1544-1548, (2014); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation erosion and damage mechanisms of alloys with duplex structures, Mater. Sci. Eng., A242, pp. 108-120, (1998); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, 1-2, pp. 109-116, (2010); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron and nonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, 5-6, pp. 443-448, (2010); Abbasi M., Vahdatnia M., Ali N., Solidification microstructure of HK heat resistant steel, International Journal of Metalcasting/Volume, 9, Issue 4, pp. 14-26, (2015); Haro S., Lopez D., Wong A., Martinez L., Velasco A., Viramontes R., Aging of a heat resistant alloy, 19th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference Proceedings Including Steel Heat Treating in the New Millennium, pp. 1-7, (2000); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., C-tin P., Balasoiu V., An Analytical Model for the Cavitation Erosion Characteristic Curves, 49, pp. 253-258, (2004); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Lo K.H., Developments in laser-based surface engineering processes: with particular reference to protection against cavitation erosion, Surf. Coat. Technol., 291, pp. 189-204, (2016); Dular M., Delgosha O.C., Petkovsek M., Observations of cavitation erosion pit formation, Ultrason. Sonochem., 20, pp. 1113-1120, (2013); Niederhofer P., Huth S., Cavitation erosion resistance of high interstinal CrMnCN austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 301, pp. 457-466, (2013); Abboud J.H., Microstructure and erosion characteristic of nodular cast iron surface modified by tungsten inert gas, Mater. Des., 35, pp. 677-684, (2012); Chang J.T., Yeh C.H., He J.J., Chen K.C., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behavior of Ni–Al intermetallic coatings, Wear, 255, pp. 162-169, (2003); Sreedhar B.K., Albert S.K., Pandit A.B., Cavitation damage: theory and measurements – a revie, Wear, 373, pp. 177-196, (2017); Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu V., New contributions to cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Trans., 34, 1, pp. 39-43, (2006)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85165575616 ,Pavlović M.; Cvetković A.; Dojčinović M.; Trumbulović L.; Milovanović A.,"Pavlović, Marko (57198243334); Cvetković, Aleksandar (59062124700); Dojčinović, Marina (15076621000); Trumbulović, Ljiljana (6506539877); Milovanović, Aleksandar (58492058100)",57198243334; 59062124700; 15076621000; 6506539877; 58492058100,CAVITATION RESISTANCE OF BASALT-BASED PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND EPOXY SYSTEM; [KAVITACIONA OTPORNOST ZAŠTITNIH PREMAZA NA BAZI BAZALTA I EPOKSI SISTEMA],2021,Structural Integrity and Life,21,2,,185,189,4,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164993775&partnerID=40&md5=bbaf1c853b2e974c4c415c9c8ef76a4b,"The paper presents the results of synthesis and characterization of new refractory coatings based on basalt and epoxy system. Coatings are intended to protect the surfaces of parts of equipment and various structures in civil and mechanical engineering and metallurgy which are exposed to wear, corrosion, or cavitation during exploitation. Coating composition, procedures for preparation of components from coating composition, synthesis procedures, and application of coatings are investigated. Several methods are used to characterize the coating: X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample according to ASTM G32 standard. Material resistance to the action of cavitation is determined using the ultrasonic method. In order to monitor the formation and development of surface damage on samples under the effect of cavitation, the morphology of surface coating damage is analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Results show high resistance of the tested basalt-based coatings under the action of cavitation, with low cavitation rate (0.04 mg/ min), low mass losses of coating and minor surface damage during exposure. This indicates the possibility of applying this type of refractory coating for the protection of various metallic and non-metallic structures in conditions of wear and cavitation. © 2021 The Author. Structural Integrity and Life, Published by DIVK.",basalt; cavitation resistance; coatings; epoxy system; protection of structures,,"Cocic M., Logar M., Matovic B., Poharc-Logar V., Glass-ceramics obtained by the crystallization of basalt, Sci. Sinter, 42, 3, pp. 383-388, (2010); Pavlovic M., Grujic S., Terzic A., Andric Lj, Synthesis of the glass-ceramics based on basalt, Proc. of Serbian Ceramic Soc. 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Int, 37, pp. 883-889, (2011); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Prokic-Cvetkovic R., Et al., Cavitation wear of basalt glass ceramic, Materials, 12, 9, (2019); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Cavitation Damage of Refractory Materials (in Serbian: Kavitaciona oštećenja vatrostalnih materijala), (2020); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Prokic-Cvetkovic R., Et al., Quality control of refractory coating using an ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample, Research/Expert Conf. - Quality 2019, pp. 137-142, (2019); Franc J.-P., Michel J.-M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, Series Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 76, (2004); Dojcinovic M., Roughness measurement as an alternative method in evaluation of cavitation resistance of steel, Hemijska Industrija, 67, 2, pp. 323-330, (2013); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Prokic-Cvetkovic R., Andric Lj, Cavitation resistance of composite polyester resin/ basalt powder, Struct. Integ. and Life, 19, 1, pp. 19-22, (2019); The Proven Solution for Image Analysis, Media Cybernetics, (1993)",,Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK),14513749,,,Structural Integr. Vek Konstr.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85164993775 ,Babutskyi A.; Akram S.; Bevilacqua M.; Chrysanthou A.; Montalvão D.; Whiting M.J.; Pizurova N.,"Babutskyi, Anatolii (8592841300); Akram, Sufyan (57211278561); Bevilacqua, Mose (23977403300); Chrysanthou, Andreas (6603692151); Montalvão, Diogo (6505946739); Whiting, Mark J. (7101675312); Pizurova, Nada (6505812622)",8592841300; 57211278561; 23977403300; 6603692151; 6505946739; 7101675312; 6505812622,Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of structural metals by alternating magnetic field treatment,2023,Materials and Design,226,,111630,,,,2,10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111630,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149752418&doi=10.1016%2fj.matdes.2023.111630&partnerID=40&md5=3586df3781107e8fcdd7efc6cdf23df7,"Results of cavitation erosion tests for EN8 steel, nickel-aluminium bronze (NAB), 70/30 brass and aluminium alloy AA2014-T6 following alternating magnetic field (AMF) treatment are presented. These alloys were selected because of their magnetic nature; EN8 steel is ferromagnetic, NAB and 70/30 brass are diamagnetic and AA2014 alloy is paramagnetic. The indirect cavitation erosion tests (ASTM G32–10 standard) were fulfilled at a frequency of 20 kHz in deionized water which was maintained at room temperature and ambient pressure for a predetermined time. The results show significant decrease in the mass loss for all samples that had underg1 AMF treatment. The eroded samples were characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy, while microhardness measurements showed an increase in the surface hardness as a result of the AFM treatment. The results of X-ray diffraction indicated formation of more compressive residual stresses following treatment, while examination by transmission electron microscopy showed evidence of dislocation movement away from grain boundaries. In the case of the NAB and 20014-T6 alloys, there was evidence of new precipitation. By considering the deformed state and the magnetic nature of each alloy, mechanisms explaining the increase in the cavitation erosion resistance due to the treatment are proposed and discussed. © 2023 The Authors",Cavitation Erosion; Dislocation mobility; Magnetic field treatment; Precipitation,Brass; Bronze; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Deionized water; Erosion; Grain boundaries; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Magnetic fields; Residual stresses; Scanning electron microscopy; Single crystals; Alternating magnetic field; Ambient pressures; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Deionised waters; Dislocation mobility; Erosion test; Ferromagnetics; Magnetic field treatment; Magnetic nature; Nickel-aluminium bronzes; Precipitation (chemical),"Rajahram S.S., Harvey T.J., Wood R.J.K., Erosion–corrosion resistance of engineering materials in various test conditions, Wear, 267, 1, pp. 244-254, (2009); Pola A., Et al., Influence of ultrasound treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of AlSi7 alloy, Materials, 10, 3, (2017); Jayaprakash A., Et al., Scaling study of cavitation pitting from cavitating jets and ultrasonic horns, Wear, 296, 1, pp. 619-629, (2012); Vaidya S., Preece C., Cavitation erosion of age-hardenable aluminum alloys, Metall. 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A, 772, (2020); Akram S., Et al., Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Fatigue Behaviour of EN8 Steel and 2014–T6 Aluminium Alloy, Metals, 9, 9, (2019); Mohin M.A., Et al., Effect of Electromagnetic Treatment on Fatigue Resistance of 2011 Aluminum Alloy, Journal of Multiscale Modelling, 7, 3, (2016); Babutskyi A., Et al., Effect of pulsed magnetic treatment on the corrosion of titanium, Mater. Sci. Technol., 33, 12, pp. 1461-1472, (2017); Babutskyi A., Chrysanthou A., Zhao C., Effect of pulsed magnetic field pre-treatment of AISI 52100 steel on the coefficient of sliding friction and wear in pin-on-disk tests, Friction, 2, 4, pp. 310-316, (2014); Stolarski T.A., Makida Y., Influence of magnetic field on wear in high frequency reciprocating sliding contacts, Tribol. Int., 44, 9, pp. 1004-1013, (2011); Cai Z., Et al., Evaluation of effect of magnetostriction on residual stress relief by pulsed magnetic treatment, Mater. Sci. 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Des.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85149752418 ,Dojčinović M.B.; Cekić O.A.E.; Svetel I.; Ćirić-Kostić S.M.; Bogojević N.M.,"Dojčinović, Marina B. (15076621000); Cekić, Olivera A. Erić (58144264400); Svetel, Igor (36502937300); Ćirić-Kostić, Snežana M. (55893316300); Bogojević, Nebojša M. (55892661900)",15076621000; 58144264400; 36502937300; 55893316300; 55892661900,Cavitation Resistance of the Material PA 3200 GF Produced by Selective Laser Sintering,2023,Science of Sintering,55,3,,321,329,8,0,10.2298/SOS220522011D,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174002586&doi=10.2298%2fSOS220522011D&partnerID=40&md5=2f9c403173180a46ebcc36686d80ffdc,The present study focuses on the results of cavitation resistance research of samples obtained by the Selective Laser Sintering technology. The samples were made from polyamide powder reinforced with glass beads – PA 3200 GF. The laser-sintered samples were produced from 100% new and recycled powder mixed with 70% of new powder. The samples were tested under cavitation conditions using an ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample according to the ASTM G32 standard. Examination of the morphology of cavitation damage was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The change in mass loss during different cavitation times was measured on the tested samples. The main objective of the research was to determine the validity of the application of the tested material in cavitation conditions. © 2023 Authors.,Cavitation rate; Morphology; PA 3200 GF; Polyamide powder; Selective laser sintering,,"Pilipovic A., Valentan B., Brajlih T., Haramina T., Balic J., Kodvanj J., Sercer M., Drstvensek I., (2010); Vranic A., Bogojevic N., Ciric Kostic S., Croccolo D., Olmi G., IMK-14 – Research & Development in HM, 23, 2, (2017); Mousah A. A., School of Engineering, (2011); Unal H., Materials & Design, 25, (2004); Hattori S., Nakao E., Yamaoka R., Okada T., Mechanical Engineers, Part A, 65, (1999); Knapp R. T., Daily J.W., Hammit F. G., Cavitation, (1970); Okada T., Iwai Y., Hattory S., Tanimura N., Wear, 184, pp. 231-239, (1995); Shih T. S., Chau S. Y., Chang C. H., AFS Trans, 96, (1988); Suslick S., Crum A., Handbook of acoustics, (1994); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Prokic-Cvetkovic R., Andric Lj., Science of Sintering, 51, (2019); Durmus H., Gul C., Comez N., Uzun R., From metal chips to composite, Science of Sintering, 52, 2, (2020); Kenneth Suslick S., Didenko Y., Fang M. M., Taeghwan H., Kolbeck J. K., McNamara W. B., Mdleleni M. M., Wong M., Jour. Philosoph. Trans. Roy. Soc. A: Mathem. Phys. & Eng. Science, 357, (1999); Dular M., Osterman A., Wear, 265, (2008); Dular B., Bachert B., Stoffel B., Wear, 257, (2004); Wantang F., Yangzeeng Z., Tianfu J., Mei Y., Wear, 205, (1997); Terzic A., Dojcinovic M., Milicic Lj., Stojanovic J., Radojevic Z., Science of Sintering, 53, (2021); AbuSahmin F., Algellai A., Tomic N., Vuksanovic M. M., Majstorovic J., Volkov Husovic T., Simic V., Jancic Heinemann R., Toljic M., Kovacevic J., Science of Sintering, 52, (2020); Material data sheet PA 3200 GF, (2009); Formiga P100., User Manual EOS, (2008); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, G32-92 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (1992); Sushant N., Sharma R. K., Dhiman S., Mater. & Manufact. Proc, (2015)",,International Institute for the Science of Sintering (IISS),0350820X,,,Sci. Sinter.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85174002586 ,da Silva F.G.; Braga E.M.; Ferraresi V.A.; Ferreira Filho D.,"da Silva, Fabio Gonçalves (57950922600); Braga, Eduardo M. (56872562800); Ferraresi, Valtair A. (6701787327); Ferreira Filho, Demostenes (57205468758)",57950922600; 56872562800; 6701787327; 57205468758,Coating weld cavitation erosion resistance using austenitic stainless steel and cobalt alloys deposited by GMAW and CW-GMAW,2022,Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering,44,11,569,,,,0,10.1007/s40430-022-03845-9,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141051409&doi=10.1007%2fs40430-022-03845-9&partnerID=40&md5=1060c355781b8a1e3937d1f805b5a9c0,"The repair processes more utilized in hydraulic turbines are welding, the Cold-Wire-Gas Metal Arc Welding (CW-GMAW) process, which adds a non-energized wire to the welding pool and presents an advantageous proposal to the conventional welding techniques. This work evaluates the coating weld cavitation erosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel (309LSi) and cobalt alloys (Stellites 21 (CoCrMo) and Stellite 6 alloys (CoCrW)) deposited by GMAW and CW-GMAW on a carbon steel substrate with one buttery layer 309LSi. Cavitation erosive laboratory tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32-92 standard. Wear evaluation was made via mass loss. Cavitation erosion resistance was correlated with the phase characterization analysis using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and chemical composition by optical emission spectrometry. It was found that the coatings presented good weldability, without discontinuities or defects, and had a good surface finish, indicating that the CW-GMAW process can reduce the cost of production. Austenitic alloys presented two phases, with the presence of ferrite spines or laths in the austenitic matrix. For the cobalt alloys, interdendritic and grain boundary carbides were founded in the dendrite form. The microhardness values were by the type of alloy used, with those of 309LSi with values close to or 200 HV, while for the Stellite 21 and Stellite 6 alloys these values reach approximately 300 HV and 350 HV, respectively. Cobalt alloys showed a decrease of approximately 90% of rates and accumulated mass losses with better cavitation resistance performance compared to 309LSi austenitic alloys. Aiming to reduce the cobalt content in the coating, the alloys manufactured using CW-GMAW with Stellite 21 and 309LSi (as cold wire) and with Stellite 6 and 309LSi (as cold wire) showed good cavitation resistance performance at similar levels of roughness and hardness when compared to Stellites 21 and Stellite 6 coatings manufactured using the conventional GMAW process. This research has great potential for turbine repairs and coating applications, and the novelty is the CW-GMAW process usage for development of formulation and deposition of new alloys from commercial wires relating the resistance to erosion by cavitation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering.",Cavitation; Coating; Cobalt; CW-GMAW; GMAW,Austenite; Austenitic stainless steel; Carbides; Chemical analysis; Chromium alloys; Chromium steel; Coatings; Cobalt alloys; Erosion; Gas metal arc welding; Gas welding; Grain boundaries; Hydraulic motors; Microstructure; Optical emission spectroscopy; Probes; Speed; Ternary alloys; Welds; Wire; Arc welding process; Austenitic alloys; Cavitation resistance; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Cold wire; Cold-wire-gas metal arc welding; Gas metal-arc welding; Mass loss; Performance; Stellite 6 alloys; Scanning electron microscopy,"Kumar P., Saini R.P., Study of cavitation in hydro turbines—a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, pp. 374-383, (2010); Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, pp. 9-10, (2011); Hattori S., Mikami N (2009) Cavitation erosion resistance of satellite alloys weld overlays, Wear, 267, pp. 1954-1960, (2009); Will C.R., Capra A.R., Pukasiewicz A.G.M., Chandelier J.G., Paredes R.S.C., Estudo comparativo de três ligas austeníticascom cobalto resistentes à cavitação depositadas por plasma pulsado térmico, Soldag Insp, 15, (2010); Liu R., Xi S.Q., Kapoor S., Wu X.J., Effects of chemical composition on solidification, microstructure and hardness of CO-CR-W-NI and CO-CR-MO-NI alloy systems, Int J Res Rev Appl Sci, 5, 25, pp. 110-122, (2010); Jeshvaghani R.A., Shamanian M., Jaberzadeh M., Enhancement of wear resistance of ductile iron surface alloyed by Stellite 6, Mater Des, (2011); Rao K.P., Damodaram R., Rafi H.K., Ram G.D.J., Reddy G.M., Nagalakshmi R., Friction surfaced Stellite coatings, Mater Charact, 70, pp. 111-116, (2012); Giacchi J.V., Morando C.N., Fornaro O., Palacio H.A., Microstructural characterization of as-cast biocompatible Co-Cr-Mo alloys, Mater Charact, 62, pp. 53-61, (2011); Podrez-Radziszewska M., Haimann K., Dudzinski W., Morawska-Soltysik S., Characteristic of intermetallic phases in cast dental CoCrMo alloy, Arch Foundry Eng, 10, pp. 51-56, (2010); Silva H.R., Ferraresi V.A., Effect of cobalt alloy addition in erosive wear and cavitation of coatings welds, Wear, 426-427, pp. 302-313, (2019); Lin Z., Ya W., Subramanian V.V., Deposition of Stellite 6 alloy on steel substrates using wire and arc additive manufacturing, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 111, pp. 411-426, (2020); Cabral T.D., Dias S.E., Filho A.A.C., Influence of a cobalt-based wire injection in austenitic coating deposited via CW-GMAW, J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng, 40, (2018); Silva F.G., Resistência Ao Desgaste Por cavitação De Diferentes Ligas Aplicadas Pelo Processo GMAW Com E Sem adição De Arame Frio, (2014); ASTM G32–03: Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (1998); Modenesi P.J., Soldabilidade dos aços inoxidáveis. Coleção Tecnologia da Soldagem Vol, SENAI-SP, 1, (2001); Ding Y., Liu R., Yao J., Zhang Q., Wang L., Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing via laser cladding for control valve seat sealing surfaces, Surf Coat Technol, 329, pp. 97-108, (2017); Voort G.F.V., Metallography and microstructures of cobalt and cobalt alloys, metallography and microstructures, ASM Handb ASM Int, 9, pp. 762-774, (2004); Fouilland L., El Mansori M., Gerland M., Role of welding process energy on the microstructural variations in a cobalt base superalloy hardfacing, Surf Coat Technol, 201, pp. 6445-6451, (2007); Xu G., Kutsuna M., Liu Z., Sun L., Characteristic behaviours of clad layer by a multi-layer laser cladding with powder mixture of Stellite-6 and tungsten carbide, Surf Coat Technol, 201, pp. 3385-3392, (2006); Metallography and microstructures Vol, (2004); Brownlie F., Anene C., Hodgkiess T., Pearson A., Galloway A.M., Comparison of hot wire TIG Stellite 6 weld cladding and lost wax cast Stellite 6 under corrosive wear conditions, Wear, 404-405, pp. 71-81, (2018); Richman R.H., Mcnaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Cuppari M.G.V., Souza R.M., Sinatora A., Effect of hard second phase on cavitation erosion of Fe–Cr–Ni–C alloys, Wear, 258, pp. 596-603, (2005); Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater Sci Eng A, 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Kashani H., Amadeh A., Ghasemi H.M., Room and high temperature wear behaviors of nickel and cobalt base weld overlay coatings on hot forging dies, Wear, 262, pp. 800-806, (2007); Diaz V.V., Dutra J.C., Buschinelli A.J.A., D'Oliveira A.S.C., Resistencia a erosão por cavitação de revestimentos depositados pelo processo de soldagem a plasma com arco transferido, Soldag Insp São Paulo, 13, pp. 011-018, (2008); Ribeiro H.O., Buschinelli A.J.A., Dutra J.C., Resistência à erosão por cavitação de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos crmnsin depositados por PTA, Soldag Insp, 15, pp. 121-129, (2010); Madadi F., Shamanian M., Ashrafizadeh F., Effect of pulse current on microstructure and wear resistance of Stellite6/tungsten carbide claddings produced by tungsten inert gas process, Surf Coat Technol, 205, pp. 4320-4328, (2011); Gomes R., Henke S., D'Oliveira A.S., Microstructural control of co-based PTA coatings, Mater Res, 15, 5, pp. 796-800, (2012); Smolina I., Kobiela K., Characterization of wear and corrosion resistance of Stellite 6 laser surfaced alloyed (LSA) with Rhenium, Coatings, 11, (2021); Lima I.R., Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Influência Da Fase Sigma No Comportamento à erosão Por cavitação Em Solda De aço inoxidável austenítico 309L, (2020)",,Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH,16785878,,,J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85141051409 ,Court S.; Corni I.; Symonds N.,"Court, Spencer (7007022335); Corni, Ilaria (23468788800); Symonds, Nicola (8669413500)",7007022335; 23468788800; 8669413500,"Cavitation erosion performance of Steel, Ceramics, Carbide, and Victrex peek materials",2018,Materials Performance and Characterization,7,5,,,,,2,10.1520/MPC20180027,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055246120&doi=10.1520%2fMPC20180027&partnerID=40&md5=eb000efb4f6e2243aa0a3ce64ba2f171,"Cavitation erosion has to be taken into consideration during material selection in many industrial sectors, e.g., offshore, marine, and oil and gas, in which components operate under severe working conditions. The cavitation erosion equipment, located at the University of Southampton, uses a vibratory apparatus to compare, rank, and characterize the cavitation erosion performance of materials. This article highlights some of the results obtained from industrial research (consultancy) work employing a Hielscher UIP1000hd 20 kHz ultrasonic transducer (Hielscher Ultrasonics GmbH, Teltow, Germany). The transducer is attached to a titanium horn to induce the formation and collapse of cavities in a liquid, creating erosion (material loss) of the specimen undergoing testing. The results from erosion cavitation testing (in accordance with ASTM G32-16, Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus (Superseded)) of two commercially available steels are presented herein and are shown to have less resistance to cavitation when compared to polyether(ether ketone), ceramic, and carbide materials. These materials are presented, along with Nickel 200, which was used to normalize the results. A plot of cumulative erosion versus exposure time was determined by periodic interruption of the test. Copyright © 2018 by ASTM International.",ASTM G32-16; Carbides; Cavitation; Ceramic; Erosion; Polyether(ether ketone); Profilometry; Vibratory apparatus,Carbides; Cavitation; Ceramic materials; Ethers; Industrial research; Ketones; Offshore oil well production; Profilometry; Testing; Transducers; Ultrasonic transducers; ASTM G32-16; Ceramic; Exposure-time; Industrial sector; Material selection; Standard test method; University of Southampton; Vibratory apparatus; Erosion,"Bourne N.K., Field J.E., A high-speed photographic study of cavitation damage, J. Appl. Phys., 78, 7, pp. 4423-4427, (1995); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus (Superseded), (2010); Taillon G., Pougoum F., Lavigne S., Ton-That L., Schulz R., Bousser E., Savoie S., Martinu L., Klemberg-Sapieha J.-E., Cavitation erosion mechanisms in stainless steels and in composite metal-ceramic HVOF coatings, Wear, 364-365, pp. 201-210, (2016); Ahmed S.M., Hokkirigawa K., Ito Y., Oba R., Scanning electron microscopy observation on the incubation period of vibratory cavitation erosion, Wear, 142, 2, pp. 303-314, (1991); Hu H.X., Zheng Y.G., Qin C.P., Comparison of inconel 625 and inconel 600 in resistance to cavitation erosion and jet impingement erosion, Nucl. Eng. Des., 240, 10, pp. 2721-2730, (2010); Li Z., Han J., Lu J., Chen J., Cavitation erosion behavior of hastelloy c-276 nickel-based alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 619, pp. 754-759, (2015); Basumatary J., Wood R.J.K., Different methods of measuring synergy between cavitation erosion and corrosion for nickel aluminium bronze in 3.5% nacl solution, Tribo. Int, 376-377, pp. 1286-1297, (2017); Laguna-Camacho J.R., Lewis R., Vite-Torres M., Mendez-Mendez J.V., A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301, 1-2, pp. 467-476, (2013); Niebuhr D., Cavitation erosion behavior of ceramics in aqueous solutions, Wear, 263, 1-6, pp. 295-300, (2007); Lu J., Zum Gahr K.-H., Schneider J., Microstructural effects on the resistance to cavitation erosion of ZrO2 ceramics in water, Wear, 265, 11-12, pp. 1680-1686, (2008); Hattori S., Itoh T., Cavitation erosion resistance of plastics, Wear, 271, 7-8, pp. 1103-1108, (2011); Yamaguchi A., Wang X., Kazama T., Evaluation of erosion-resisting properties of plastics and metals using cavitating jet apparatus, SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1386, (2002); Kikuchi K., Hammitt F.G., Effect of separation distance on cavitation erosion of vibratory and stationary specimens in a vibratory facility, Wear, 102, 3, pp. 211-225, (1985); Iwai Y., Okada T., Hammitt F.G., Effect of temperature on the cavitation erosion of cast iron, Wear, 85, 2, pp. 181-191, (1983); Hattori S., Goto Y., Fukuyama T., Influence of temperature on erosion by a cavitating liquid jet, Wear, 260, 11-12, pp. 1217-1223, (2006); Li Z., Han J., Lu J., Zhou J., Chen J., Vibratory cavitation erosion behavior of aisi 304 stainless steel in water at elevated temperatures, Wear, 321, pp. 33-37, (2014)",,ASTM International,21653992,,,Mater. Perform. Charact.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85055246120 ,Hegde M.; Mohan J.; Mushtaq Warraich M.Q.; Kavanagh Y.; Duffy B.; Tobin E.F.,"Hegde, Manasa (57209977822); Mohan, Joseph (20436042900); Mushtaq Warraich, Muhammad Qasim (58184134800); Kavanagh, Yvonne (6508077552); Duffy, Brendan (23093517500); Tobin, Edmond F. (44062097600)",57209977822; 20436042900; 58184134800; 6508077552; 23093517500; 44062097600,Cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance of hydrophobic sol-gel coatings on aluminium alloy,2023,Wear,524-525,,204766,,,,10,10.1016/j.wear.2023.204766,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152525196&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2023.204766&partnerID=40&md5=04e2b0280b290f61c85978015b12d757,"Cavitation erosion and erosion-corrosion are the popular failure modes of hydronautics components namely propellers, valves, turbines etc which occurs due to mechanical destructions and electrochemical corrosion. Erosion corrosion is caused due to surge in the number of solid particles affecting the surfaces whereas cavitation erosion is caused due to steady collapse of cavities or bubbles. Aluminium alloys are widely used in marine renewable industries owing to its high strength, light weight and good corrosion resistance. Despite that, cavitation and erosion-corrosion are the limiting factors for these alloys. The aim of the present work is to produce a coating system capable of replacing chromate-conversion coatings on aluminium alloy by combining an anodised layer with additional deposition of superhydrophobic sol-gel coatings. Fundamental characteristics that affect the coating's corrosion and cavitation erosion namely adhesion and thickness was evaluated. Hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings was evaluated using a Nanoscratch mechanical tester. Electrochemical behaviour of the coatings was assessed using Potentiodynamic scanning (PDS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Prolonged performance was studied using neutral salt spray test (NSS). Cavitation erosion resistance of the coatings was investigated in laboratory using a standard ultrasonic test apparatus according to ASTM G32-16. Erosion rate of the coatings was evaluated based on cumulative mass loss v/s testing time. SEM/EDX was used to evaluate the surface damage caused by erosion-corrosion and cavitation erosion. The analysis was done aiming to decide if the developed coatings was a better alternative to protect the metals from corrosion and cavitation erosion. © 2023 The Authors",Cavitation erosion; Hydrophobicity; MAPTMS; Sol-gel coating,Aluminum alloys; Aluminum coatings; Aluminum corrosion; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chromate coatings; Chromates; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant coatings; Ductile fracture; Electrochemical corrosion; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Erosion; High strength alloys; Hydrophobicity; Seawater corrosion; Sol-gel process; Erosion-corrosion; High-strength; Hydronautics; Hydrophobics; Light weight; MAPTMS; Mechanical destruction; Renewable industry; Sol-gel coatings; Solid particles; Sol-gels,"Chang J., Et al., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behavior of Ni–Al intermetallic coatings, Wear, 255, 1-6, pp. 162-169, (2003); Sreedhar B., Albert S.A., Pandit A., Improving cavitation erosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel in liquid sodium by hardfacing–comparison of Ni and Co based deposits, Wear, 342, pp. 92-99, (2015); Thiruvengadam A., A Unified Theory of Cavitation Damage, (1963); Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Cavitation Damage and Correlations with Material and Fluid Properties, (1967); Lin C., Chen K., He J., The cavitation erosion behavior of electroless Ni–P–SiC composite coating, Wear, 261, 11-12, pp. 1390-1396, (2006); Selvam K., Et al., Exceptional cavitation erosion-corrosion behavior of dual-phase bimodal structure in austenitic stainless steel, Tribol. Int., 134, pp. 77-86, (2019); Basumatary J., Wood R., Synergistic effects of cavitation erosion and corrosion for nickel aluminium bronze with oxide film in 3.5% NaCl solution, Wear, 376, pp. 1286-1297, (2017); Ryl J., Darowicki K., Slepski P., Evaluation of cavitation erosion–corrosion degradation of mild steel by means of dynamic impedance spectroscopy in galvanostatic mode, Corrosion Sci., 53, 5, pp. 1873-1879, (2011); Bregliozzi G., Et al., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, 1-4, pp. 503-510, (2005); Al-Hashem A., Et al., Cavitation corrosion behavior of cast nickel-aluminum bronze in seawater, Corrosion, 51, 5, (1995); Yao M., Et al., A novel, single phase, non-equiatomic FeMnNiCoCr high-entropy alloy with exceptional phase stability and tensile ductility, Scripta Mater., 72, 73, pp. 5-8, (2014); Antony K.C., Wear-resistant cobalt-base alloys, JOM, 35, 2, pp. 52-60, (1983); Kwok C., Man H.C., Leung L., Effect of temperature, pH and sulphide on the cavitation erosion behaviour of super duplex stainless steel, Wear, 211, 1, pp. 84-93, (1997); Nair R.B., Arora H., Grewal H., Microwave synthesized complex concentrated alloy coatings: plausible solution to cavitation induced erosion-corrosion, Ultrason. 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Coating, 44, 4, pp. 295-305, (2002); Cullen M., Et al., The role of the hydrolysis and zirconium concentration on the structure and anticorrosion performances of a hybrid silicate sol-gel coating, J. Sol. Gel Sci. Technol., 86, 3, pp. 553-567, (2018); Delattre L., Dupuy C., Babonneau F., Characterization of the hydrolysis and polymerization processes of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, J. Sol. Gel Sci. Technol., 2, 1, pp. 185-188, (1994); Cullen M., Et al., Correlation between the structure and the anticorrosion barrier properties of hybrid sol–gel coatings: application to the protection of AA2024-T3 alloys, J. Sol. Gel Sci. 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Int. 49, 1, pp. 74-83, (2022); Cheng J., Liang X., Xu B., Devitrification of arc-sprayed FeBSiNb amorphous coatings: effects on wear resistance and mechanical behavior, Surf. Coating. Technol., 235, pp. 720-726, (2013); Hong S., Et al., Hydro-abrasive erosion behaviors of HVOF sprayed carbide-based cermet coatings in simulated seawater slurries, Tribol. Int., 177, (2023); Fahim J., Et al., Cavitation erosion behavior of super-hydrophobic coatings on Al5083 marine aluminum alloy, Wear, 424, pp. 122-132, (2019); Emelyanenko A.M., Et al., Nanosecond laser micro-and nanotexturing for the design of a superhydrophobic coating robust against long-term contact with water, cavitation, and abrasion, Appl. Surf. Sci., 332, pp. 513-517, (2015); Schem M., Et al., CeO2-filled sol–gel coatings for corrosion protection of AA2024-T3 aluminium alloy, Corrosion Sci., 51, 10, pp. 2304-2315, (2009); Kaur S., Sharma S., Bala N., A comparative study of corrosion resistance of biocompatible coating on titanium alloy and stainless steel, Mater. Chem. Phys., 238, (2019); A., Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); Cullen M., Et al., An investigation into the role of the acid catalyst on the structure and anticorrosion properties of hybrid sol-gel coatings, Thin Solid Films, 729, (2021); Rao A.V., Et al., Mechanically stable and corrosion resistant superhydrophobic sol–gel coatings on copper substrate, Appl. Surf. Sci., 257, 13, pp. 5772-5776, (2011); Ramezanzadeh B., Et al., Corrosion protection of steel with zinc phosphate conversion coating and post-treatment by hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gel based silane film, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164, 6, (2017); Kendig M., Et al., Role of hexavalent chromium in the inhibition of corrosion of aluminum alloys, Surf. Coating. Technol., 140, 1, pp. 58-66, (2001); Agilan P., Saranya K., Rajendran N., Bio-inspired polydopamine incorporated titania nanotube arrays for biomedical applications, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 629, (2021); Varma P.R., Et al., Application of niobium enriched ormosils as thermally stable coatings for aerospace aluminium alloys, Surf. Coating. Technol., 205, 16, pp. 3992-3998, (2011); Comakli O., Yetim T., Celik A., The effect of calcination temperatures on wear properties of TiO2 coated CP-Ti, Surf. Coating. Technol., 246, pp. 34-39, (2014)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,All Open Access; Green Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85152525196 ,Pavlović M.; Dojčinović M.; Harbinja M.; Hodić A.; Stojanović M.; Čeganjac Z.; Aćimović Z.,"Pavlović, Marko (57198243334); Dojčinović, Marina (15076621000); Harbinja, Muhamed (58199353000); Hodić, Atif (58824651700); Stojanović, Mirjana (7004959166); Čeganjac, Zoran (57208749868); Aćimović, Zagorka (6508005160)",57198243334; 15076621000; 58199353000; 58824651700; 7004959166; 57208749868; 6508005160,NEW TYPES OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TEST METHODS,2023,Structural Integrity and Life,23,3,,257,260,3,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182784860&partnerID=40&md5=3bd6a88518a64a1b0dc7a31755d60c71,"The paper presents the results of synthesis and charac-terisation of refractory coatings based on various fillers intended for the protection of metallic structures. Refractory fillers applied are based on mullite, cordierite, zirconium silicate, and pyrophyllite. Refractory filler samples are treated by micronization grinding down to 15 μm filler particles. Methods as XRD, SEM, and optical microscopy are used for characterisation. Performed tests determined the optimal composition of protective coatings and manufacturing pro-cesses. According to standard ASTM G32 an ultrasonic vibra-tional method with stationary sample was used for charac-terising the obtained coatings. The goal of the research was to determine the coating quality and its applications in metallic surface protection in conditions of wear, corrosion, cavitation, and high temperature. All coatings were tested under the same conditions. A comparison of cavitation resis-tance is given for tested coatings. Coating quality is evalu-ated based on cavitation loss rate and on the analysis of sample surface damage formation and development under effects of cavitation. © 2023 Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK). All rights reserved.",cavitation resistance; cordierite; mullite; protective coating; pyrophyllite; zirconium silicate,,"Franc J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, Series: Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 76, (2004); Qiu N., Wang L., Wu S., Likhachev D.S., Research on cavitation erosion and wear resistance performance of coatings, Eng.Fail. Anal, 55, pp. 208-223, (2015); Sollars R., Beitelman A.D., Cavitation-Resistant Coatings for Hydropower Turbines, (2011); Dojcinovic M., Dordevic V., The possibility of polymer materials application in reparation of hydraulic machinery parts damaged by cavitation, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Research and Development in Mechanical Industry RaDMI 2003, pp. 1706-1711, (2003); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Abrasion, erosion and cavitation erosion wear properties of thermally sprayed alumina based coatings, Coatings, 4, 1, pp. 18-36, (2014); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Influence of the substrate hardness on the cavitation erosion resistance of TiN coating, Wear, 263, 1-6, pp. 395-401, (2007); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Sedmak A., Et al., Syn-thesis and characterisation of mullite-based protective coatings, In: Proc. 53rd Int. Oct. Conf. on Mining and Metallurgy, IOC Bor 2022, pp. 147-150, (2022); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Andric Lj, Et al., Synthe-sis and characterisation of cordierite - based protective coating, Serb. Ceramic Soc. Conf.: Advanced Ceramics and Application X, New Frontiers in Multifunctional Material Science and Pro-cessing, (2022); Pavlovic M., Tanaskovic Z., Dojcinovic M., Acimovic Z., Quality management of protective coatings based on zirconium silicate, Proc. 13th Int. Sci. Conf.: Science and Higher Education in Function of Sustainable Development - SED 2023, 2023, pp. 54-58, (2023); Pavlovic M., Dojcinovic M., Harbinja M., Et al., Effects of the application of pyrophyllite in the composition of protec-tive coatings, In: Proc. 54th Int. Oct. Conf. on Mining and Met-allurgy, 2023, pp. 357-360, (2023); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010)",,Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK),14513749,,,Structural Integr. Vek Konstr.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85182784860 Bordeasu,Odagiu P.-O.; Salcianu C.L.; Ghera C.; Buzatu A.D.; Micu L.M.; Luca A.N.; Bordeasu I.; Ghiban B.,"Odagiu, Petrișor-Ovidiu (58153386800); Salcianu, Cornelia Laura (56781472200); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Buzatu, Andreea Daniela (57962117300); Micu, Lavinia Madalina (34880633700); Luca, Alexandru Nicolae (58020710300); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Ghiban, Brandusa (23501106400)",58153386800; 56781472200; 57038932100; 57962117300; 34880633700; 58020710300; 13409573100; 23501106400,HEAT TREATMENT PARAMETERS INFLUENCE ON THE CAVITATION RESISTANCE OF AN ALUMINUM ALLOY,2023,"UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B: Chemistry and Materials Science",85,3,,239,252,13,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168543171&partnerID=40&md5=d0166e5bb08c7fc3841bb1df96db478f,"The aluminum based alloy are widely used in different applications. The type 2017 A is characterized by high values of mechanical properties, which is why it is used for parts subjected to various mechanical stresses, in the fields of automotive, aviation and also in hydraulic equipment. Lately, as a result of the evolution of machines and mechanical processing processes, its application to high-speed propeller blades and rotors of heat engine cooling pumps has been sought. As these parts work in cavitation mode, in order to increase the resistance to erosion created by micro-jets and shock waves, specialists are investigating the effect of various techniques applied for this purpose. The results of the research on the behavior and strength of the 2017A alloy, heat treated by three aging regimes (180°C, 140°C and 120°C), with the same maintenance duration (24 hours), to the erosion produced by the cavitation generated by vibration are also included in this direction. The analysis of surface degradation, performed based on photographic images from various times and microscopic ones at the end of the cavitation attack, as well as based on the evolution of characteristic curves and parameter values recommended by ASTM G32-2016, it is found that the most appropriate treatment is from 120°C. © 2023, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.",aging heat treatments; aluminum alloys; cavitation erosion,Aluminum alloys; Behavioral research; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; High speed photography; Shock waves; Aging heat treatment; Aluminium-based alloy; Automotives; Cavitation resistance; Heat treatment parameters; ITS applications; Machine processing; Mechanical processing; Mechanical stress; Parameter influences; Cavitation,"Mitelea I., Wolfgang T., Materials Science II, (2007); Mitelea I., Wolfgang T., Aircraft Aluminium Grades; Mitelea I., Wolfgang T., Aluminium catalogue; Anton L.E., Bordeasu I., Tabara I., Considerations regarding the use of EPO 99 B resin in manufacturing AXIAL hydraulic machinery runners, Materiale Plastice, 45, 2, pp. 190-192, (2008); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, Revista de Chimie, 58, 12, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Bordeasu I., Monograph of the Cavitation Erosion Research Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timișoara 1960-2020, (2020); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 138, 3, (2016); Luca A.N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Ghera C., Dionisie I., Stroita C.D., Modification of the Cavitation Resistance by Hardening Heat Treatment at 450 °C Followed by Artificial Aging at 180 °C of the Aluminum Alloy 5083 Compared to the State of Cast Semi-Finished Product, HIDRAULICA-Magazine of Hydraulics Pneumatics Tribology Ecology Sensorics Mechatronics, 1, (2022); Stroita D.C., Barglazan M., Manea A.S., Balasoiu V., Double-flux water turbine dynamics, Annals of DAAAM for 2008 and 19th International DAAAM Symposium ""Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation: Focus on Next Generation of Intelligent Systems and Solutions, pp. 1325-1326, (2008); Mitelea I., Ghera C., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel, International Journal of Materials Research, 106, (2015); Mitelea I., Ghera C., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test, (2016); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Riemschneider E., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion improvement following TIG surface-remelting of gray cast iron, Wear, 496-497, (2022); Bordeasu I, Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu. O., New contributions to cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Transactions, 34, 1, pp. 39-43, (2006); Popoviciu . I., A New Model for the Equation Describing the Cavitation Mean Depth Erosion Rate Curve, Revista de Chimie, 68, 4, pp. 894-898, (2017); Istrate I., Chera C., Salcianu L., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.C., D.l OSTOIA-Heat Treatment Influence of Alloy 5083 on Cavitational Erosion Resistance, Magazine of Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Tribology, Ecology, Sensorics, Mechatronics, pp. 15-25; Luca A.N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Ghera C., Istrate D., Stroita D.C., Modification of the cavitation resistance by hardening heat treatment at 450°C followed by artificial aging at 180°C of the aluminum alloy typer 5083 compared to the state of cast semifinished product, Magazine of Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Tribology, Ecology, Sensorics, Mechatronics, pp. 39-45; Istrate D., Lazar, Odagiu P.O., Demian M.A, Buzatu A.D., Ghiban B., Influence of homogenization and aging parameters applied to mechanical and structural characteristics of alloy 5083, IOP Conference Series, Materials Science and Engineering, 1262, (2022); Bordeasu I., Ghera C., Istrate I., Salcianu L., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.C., Suta A., Tomoiaga I., Luca A.N., Resistance and Behavior to Cavitation Erosion of Semi-Finished Aluminum Alloy 5083, Magazine of Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Tribology, Ecology, Sensorics, Mechatronics, pp. 17-24; Istrate D., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Istrate B., Sbarcea B.-G., Ghera C, Luca A.N., Odagiu P.O., Florea B., Gubencu D., Correlation between Mechanical Properties—Structural Characteristics and Cavitation Resistance of Rolled Aluminum Alloy Type 5083, Metals, 13, (2023); Istrate D., Sbarcea B.-G., Demian A.M., Buzatu A.D., Salcian L., Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Ghera C., Florea B., Ghiban B., Correlation between Mechanical Properties—Structural Characteristics and Cavitation Resistance of Cast Aluminum Alloy Type 5083, Crystals, 12, (2022)",,Politechnica University of Bucharest,14542331,,SBPSF,UPB Sci Bull Ser B,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85168543171 ,Romero M.C.; Tschiptschin A.P.; Scandian C.,"Romero, M.C. (57205188734); Tschiptschin, A.P. (7004251372); Scandian, C. (26538835500)",57205188734; 7004251372; 26538835500,Cavitation erosion resistance of a non-standard cast cobalt alloy: Influence of solubilizing and cold working treatments,2019,Wear,426-427,,,518,526,8,14,10.1016/j.wear.2018.12.044,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058941439&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2018.12.044&partnerID=40&md5=af72f17908977d5c4d5cad968259641e,"The wear behavior of a non-standard cast cobalt chromium alloy (Co30Cr19Fe), during vibratory cavitation test, was investigated. Low stacking fault energies (SFE) cobalt alloys deform by complex plastic deformation mechanisms, which enhance the cavitation erosion (CE) resistance, since the onset of localized stress, leading to fatigue failure and material removal, is delayed. The purpose of this work is to characterize the main operating deformation mechanisms during cavitation erosion testing of the non-standard Co30Cr19Fe alloy. As cast, solution treated, and 15% and 30% cold rolled specimens were tested. The as cast microstructure consisted of ~2 mm fcc alpha grains and hcp epsilon-martensite. The 1473 K solubilization treatment led to primary recrystallization and formation of 250 µm new grains. The 15% cold worked microstructure consisted of heavily deformed fcc phase containing deformation twins and epsilon-martensite. Ultrasonic cavitation testing was carried out, during 40 h, according to ASTM G32-09. The solubilized specimens presented the worst behavior, whereas, the 30% cold worked specimens were the most CE resistant. The CE results are discussed based on the microstructural parameters: amount of alpha fcc and epsilon-hcp phases, grain sizes, relative amounts of twinning, slip lines and strain induced martensite formation. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation-erosion; Co-Cr alloy; Cold work; Strain induced martensite,Binary alloys; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chromium alloys; Cobalt compounds; Cold rolling; Cold working; Erosion; Iron alloys; Martensite; Metal cladding; Microstructure; Ternary alloys; Twinning; Ultrasonic testing; Cavitation erosion resistance; Co-Cr alloys; Cobalt-chromium alloys; Low stacking fault energies; Microstructural parameters; Plastic deformation mechanisms; Primary recrystallization; Strain-induced martensite; Cobalt alloys,"Hansson C., Hansson L.H., Cavitation erosion, ASM Handbook, 18, (1992); Steck B., Sommerfield G., Schineider V., Cavitation on wet cylinders liner of heavy duty diesel engines, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., (2006); Hattori S., Hirose T., Sugiyama K., Prediction of cavitation erosion based on the measurement of bubble collapse impact loads, Wear, 269, pp. 507-514, (2010); Gould G.C., Am. Soc. Test. Mater., 474, (1980); Heathcock C.J., Ball A., Protheroe B.E., Cavitation erosion of cobalt-based stellite alloys, cemented carbides and surface-treated low alloy steels, Wear, 74, pp. 11-26, (1982); Falqueto L.E., Butkus D.J., Mello D.E., Bozzi J.D.B., Scandian A.C., Sliding C., wear of cobalt-based alloys used in rolling seamless tubes, Wear, 376-377, pp. 1739-1746, (2017); Marques F.P., Bozzi A.C., Scandian C., Tschiptschin A.P., Microabrasion of three experimental cobalt-chromium alloys: wear rates and wear mechanisms, Wear, 390, pp. 176-183, (2017); Woodford D.A., Cavitation-erosion-induced phase transformations in alloys. McCAUL, C. An advanced cavitation resistant austenitic stainless steel for pumps, Corrosion, 96, pp. 415/1-415/10, (1996); Richman R.H., Mcnaughton P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-83, (1990); Thomas G.P., Brunton J.H., Drop Impingement erosion of metals, Proc. R. Soc. A, 314, pp. 549-565, (1970); Mccaul C., An advanced cavitation resistant austenitic stainless steel for pumps, Corrosion, 96, pp. 415/1-415/10, (1996); Simoneau R., Lambert P., Simoneau M., Dickson J.I., L'esperance G.L., Cavitation erosion and deformation mechanisms of Ni and Co austenitic stainless steels, IREQ, (1987); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, pp. 311-327, (1982); Vaidya S., Mahajan S., Preece C.M., The role of twinning in the cavitation erosion of cobalt single crystals, Metall. Trans. A, 11, pp. 1139-1150, (1980); Vaidya S., Preece C.M., Dakshinamoorthy S., Influence of crystal structure on the failure mode of metals by cavitation erosion, Erosion: Prevention and Useful Applications, pp. 409-443, (1979); Zhang X.F., Fang L., The effect of stacking fault energy on the cavitation erosion resistance of α-phase aluminium bronzes, Wear, 253, pp. 1105-1110, (2002); Ball A., On the importance of work hardening in the design of wear-resistant materials, Wear, 91, pp. 201-207, (1983); Karimi A., Cavitation erosion of austenitic stainless steel and effect of boron and nitrogen ion implantation, Acta Metall., 37, pp. 1079-1088, (1989); Kim J.H., Na K.S., Kim G.G., Yoon C.S., Kim S.J., Effect of manganese on the cavitation erosion resistance of iron-chromium-carbon-silicon alloys for replacing cobalt-base Stellite, J. Nucl. Mater., 352, (2006); Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Xiaojun Z., Procopiak L.A.J., Souza N.C., D'oliveira A.S.C.M., Phase transformation during cavitation erosion of a Co stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 358, pp. 199-204, (2003); Mills D.J., Knutsen R.D., An investigation of the tribological behaviour of a high-nitrogen Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 215, pp. 83-90, (1998); Niederhofer P., Huth S., Theisen W., The impact of cold work and hard phases on cavitation and corrosion resistance of high intersticial austenitic FeCrMnMoCN stainless steels, Wear, 376-377, pp. 1009-1020, (2017); Mesa D.H., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Influence of cold-work on the cavitation erosion resistance and on the damage mechanisms in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels, Wear, 271, pp. 1372-1377, (2011); Sage M.E., Guillaud C., Méthode d'analyse quantitative des variétés allotropiques du cobalto par le rayons X, Rev. De. Metall., 47, pp. 139-145, (1950); Olson G.B., Cohen M., A general mechanism nucleation: Part I. general concepts and the FCC→hcp transformation, Metall. Trans. A, 7, pp. 1897-1904, (1976); Garcia A.J.S., Mani Menadro A., Salinas Rodriguez A., Effect of solution treatments on the FCC/hcp isothermal martensitic transformation in Co-27Cr-5Mo-0,05C aged at 800°C, Scr. Mater., 40, pp. 717-722, (1999); Ramirez-Ledesma A.L., Lopez-Molina E., Lopez H.F., Juarez-Islas J.A., Athermal ε-martensite transformation in a Co-20Cr: effect of rapid solidification on plate nucleation, Acta Mater., 111, pp. 138-147, (2016); Cuppari M.G., Di V., Souza R.M., Sinatora A., Effect of second phase on cavitation erosion of Fe-Cr-Ni-C alloys, Wear, 258, pp. 596-603, (2005); Farooq M., Kllement U., Nolze G., The role of α- to ε-Co phase transformation on strain hardening of Co-Cr-Mo laser clads, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 442-446, pp. 40-47, (2007); Mesa D.H.G., Ospina C.M.G., Tschiptschin A.P., Mesoscale plasticity anisotropy at earliest stages of cavitation-erosion damage of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 267, pp. 99-103, (2009)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85058941439 Bordeasu,Mutaşcu D.; Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Buzdugan D.; Franţ F.,"Mutaşcu, Daniel (57215884439); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Buzdugan, Dragoş (36681935400); Franţ, Florin (57215883759)",57215884439; 16309955100; 13409573100; 36681935400; 57215883759,Cavitation resistant layers from stellite alloy deposited by TIG welding on duplex stainless steel,2019,"METAL 2019 - 28th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,776,780,4,1,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079409319&partnerID=40&md5=26d7a9e7e32812c005a930b443611bce,"The cobalt based alloy, Stellite, was deposited through the TIG welding process on the surface of a Duplex stainless steel to improve cavitation erosion resistance of engineering components that work in aggressive environments. Cavitation tests were performed using ultrasonic vibratory equipment which complies with requirements of the ASTM G32 - 2010 standard. The microstructure of the deposited layers consisted of complex carbides in a Co-Cr solid solution strengthened alloyed matrix with a dendritic structure which ensures high hardness and a significant increase in cavitation erosion resistance compared to the base metal. © 2019 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.",Alloy Stellite; Cavitation; Microstructure; Welding,Binary alloys; Carbides; Cavitation; Chromium alloys; Duplex stainless steel; Erosion; Gas welding; Inert gas welding; Metallurgy; Metals; Microstructure; Stellite; Welding; Aggressive environment; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cobalt based alloy; Complex carbide; Dendritic structures; Deposited layer; Engineering components; TIG welding process; Cobalt alloys,"Espitia L., Toro A., Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components, J. Tribology International., 43, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Mitelea I., Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion of sensitized UNS S31803 duplex stainless steels, JOURNAL of MATERIALS ENGINEERING and PERFORMANCE, 25, 5, pp. 1939-1944, (2016); Navas C., Conde A., Cadenas M., de Damborenea J., Tribological properties of laser clad Stellite 6 coatings on steel substrates, J. Surface Engineering., 22, 1, pp. 26-34, (2006); Rosalbino F., Scavino G., Corrosion behaviour assessment of cast and HIPed Stellite 6 alloy in a chloride-containing environment, J. Electrochimica Acta., 111, pp. 656-662, (2013); Apay S., Gulenc B., Wear properties of AISI 1015 steel coated with Stellite 6 by microlaser welding, J. Materials and Corrosion., 55, pp. 1-8, (2014)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729492-5,,"METAL - Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85079409319 ,Ning L.; Yang X.; Zhao J.; Li Y.,"Ning, Liping (57224974879); Yang, Xindong (57750792800); Zhao, Jingtao (57220195927); Li, Yinglong (56228595600)",57224974879; 57750792800; 57220195927; 56228595600,Investigation on Ultrasonic Cavitation Erosion Behavior of 2024 Aluminum Alloy in Distilled Water,2022,"6th International Conference on ThermoMechanical Processing, TMP 2022 - Proceedings",,,,583,587,4,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148003992&partnerID=40&md5=ab771521b1b8c9d4c66da1b373cbfe78,"Cavitation erosion is a common natural phenomenon. The surface damage, material erosion, and noise impact caused by cavitation erosion have caused widespread concern. In this study, ultrasonic cavitation corrosion experiments were carried out on 2024 aluminum alloys using ultrasonic cavitation equipment according to ASTM G32 standard. The ultrasonic cavitation corrosion behaviors of 2024 aluminum alloys in distilled water were evaluated by cumulative mass loss, scanning electron microscopy, and three-dimensional topography. The results show that mass loss and surface damage of 2024 aluminum alloy significantly increased with the increasing cavitation erosion time. In the initial stage of ultrasonic cavitation erosion, the erosion and material mass loss were negligible. With the increase of cavitation time, cavitation bubbles repeatedly act on the material surface, resulting in the accumulation of deformation and eventually material denudation. After cavitation erosion for 300 min, the maximum cumulative mass loss of 2024 aluminum alloy was 19.7 mg, the cumulative weight loss rate was 0.066 mg/min, and the maximum cavitation pit depth was 280 μm. © TMP 2022 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.",2024 aluminum alloys; cavitation erosion; cavitation pit; surface damage,Aluminum alloys; Aluminum corrosion; Cavitation corrosion; Corrosive effects; Erosion; Noise pollution; Scanning electron microscopy; Topography; 2024 aluminium alloys; Cavitation pit; Distilled water; Erosion behavior; Mass loss; Material erosion; Natural phenomenon; Noise impact; Surface damages; Ultrasonic cavitation; Cavitation,"Wei X, Liu H, Jie C., Effects of NaCl Solution Mass Fraction and Cavitation Time on Cavitation Erosion of Corroded Aluminum Bronze[J], Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 31, 2, (2021); Zhang T., Research on cavitation behavior and mechanism of lead brass alloy under ultrasonic action, (2018); Long Z, Liu X., Effect of Ultrasonic Cavitation on Surface Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Steel[J], Chinese Scientific and Technological Papers, 8, (2013); Xue W, Chen Z., Research on Microscopic Process of Cavitation Damage[J], Mechanical Engineering Materials, 29, 2, (2005); Gottardi G, Tocci M, Montesano L, Et al., Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging, Wear, 394-395, pp. 1-10, (2018); Kim S J, Hyun K Y, Jang S-K., Effects of water cavitation peening on electrochemical characteristic by using micro-droplet cell of Al-Mg alloy, Current Applied Physics, 12, pp. S24-S30, (2012); Batory D, Szymanski W, Panjan M, Et al., Plasma nitriding of Ti6A14V alloy for improved water erosion resistance, Wear, pp. 374-375, (2017); Ijiri M, Shimonishi D, Nakagawa D, Et al., New water jet cavitation technology to increase number and size of cavitation bubbles and its effect on pure Al surface[J], International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, 1, 1, pp. 12-20, (2018); Szkodo M, Stanistawska A, Komarov A I, Et al., Effect of MAO coatings on cavitation erosion and tribological properties of 5056 and 7075 aluminum alloys, Wear, (2021); Mann B S, Arya V, Pant B K., Influence of Laser Power on the Hardening of Ti6A14V Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Blade Material for Enhancing Water Droplet Erosion Resistance[J], Influence of Laser Power on the Hardening of Ti6A14V Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Blade Material for Enhancing Water Droplet Erosion Resistance, 20, 2, pp. 213-218, (2011); Zhang L M, Ma A L, Yu H, Et al., Correlation of microstructure with cavitation erosion behaviour of a nickel-aluminum bronze in simulated seawater, Tribology International, 136, pp. 250-258, (2019); Tong Z, Jiao J, Zhou W, Et al., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of AA5083 aluminium alloy by laser shock processing, Surface and Coatings Technology, 377, (2019)",Yuan G.; Xu W.,Metallurgical Industry Press,,978-750249244-1,,"Int. Conf. ThermoMechanical Process., TMP - Proc.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85148003992 ,Park I.-C.; Kim S.-J.,"Park, Il-Cho (55907576500); Kim, Seong-Jong (34769651100)",55907576500; 34769651100,Effect of stabilizer concentration on the cavitation erosion resistance characteristics of the electroless nickel plated gray cast iron in seawater,2019,Surface and Coatings Technology,376,,,31,37,6,6,10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.08.098,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054709447&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2018.08.098&partnerID=40&md5=6d333b1c8cd841f0ba738e434ed54854,"In this study, electroless nickel (EN) plating was performed with stabilizer concentration to improve cavitation erosion resistance of gray cast iron under marine environment. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out in natural seawater solution in accordance with modified ASTM G32. The change of stabilizer concentration affected the plating rate, P content, and average crystal size of EN coating. The decrease of the plating rate with the stabilizer concentration and the flake-shaped graphite exposed to the gray cast iron surface negatively affected the cavitation erosion and corrosion prevention. In particular, cavitation erosion damage of EN coating was accelerated due to combined galvanic corrosion when the EN coating was destroyed and the substrate was exposed under the cavitation erosion environment. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion; Electroless nickel plating; Gray cast iron; Seawater,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Coatings; Corrosion prevention; Erosion; Galvanic corrosion; Plating; Seawater; Seawater effects; Cavitation erosion resistance; Crystal size; Electroless nickel; Electroless nickel plating; Gray cast iron; Marine environment; Plating rates; Stabilizer concentration; Cast iron,"Wood R.J.K., Erosion–corrosion interactions and their effect on marine and offshore materials, Wear, 261, pp. 1012-1023, (2006); Ryl J., Wysocka J., Slepski P., Darowicki K., Instantaneous impedance monitoring of synergistic effect between cavitation erosion and corrosion processes, Electrochim. Acta, 203, pp. 388-395, (2016); Zhang S., Wang S., Wu C.L., Zhang C.H., Guan M., Tan J.Z., Cavitation erosion and erosion-corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel by plasma transferred arc welding, Eng. Fail. Anal. J., 76, pp. 115-124, (2017); Wu C.L., Zhang S., Zhang C.H., Zhang H., Dong S.Y., Phase evolution and cavitation erosion-corrosion behavior of FeCoCrAlNiTix high entropy alloy coatings on 304 stainless steel by laser surface alloying, J. Alloys Compd., 698, pp. 761-770, (2017); Basumatary J., Wood R.J.K., Synergistic effects of cavitation erosion and corrosion for nickel aluminium bronze with oxide fi lm in 3.5% NaCl solution, Wear, 376, pp. 1286-1297, (2017); Nan Q.S., Bao X.Y., Wei Y.J., Zheng G.Y., Corrosion and cavitation erosion behaviors of two marine propeller materials in clean and sulfide-polluted 3.5% NaCl solutions, Acta Metall. Sin., 30, pp. 712-720, (2017); Loto C.A., Electroless nickel plating – a review, SILICON, 8, pp. 177-186, (2016); Sudagar J., Lian J., Sha W., Electroless nickel, alloy, composite and nano coatings – a critical review, J. Alloys Compd., 571, pp. 183-204, (2013); Kundu S., Das S.K., Sahoo P., Optimization studies on electroless nickel coatings: a review, Int. J. Manuf. Mater. Mech. Eng., 4, pp. 1-25, (2014); Gadhari P., Sahoo P., Electroless nickel-phosphorus composite coatings: a review, Int. J. Manuf. Mater. Mech. Eng., 6, pp. 14-50, (2016); Munsterer S., Kohlhof K., Cavitation protection by low temperature TiCN coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 74, pp. 642-647, (1995); Yan M., Ying H.G., Ma T.Y., Improved microhardness and wear resistance of the as-deposited electroless Ni-P coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, pp. 5909-5913, (2008); Karrab S.A., Doheim M.A., Aboraia M.S., Ahmed S.M., Effect of heat treatment and bath composition of electroless nickel-plating on cavitation erosion resistance, J. Eng. Sci., 41, pp. 1989-2011, (2013); Liu Z., Gao W., Electroless nickel plating on AZ91 Mg alloy substrate, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, pp. 5087-5093, (2006); Liu Z., Gao W., The effect of substrate on the electroless nickel plating of Mg and Mg alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, pp. 3553-3560, (2006); Ambat R., Zhou W., Electroless nickel-plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy: effect of substrate microstructure and plating parameters, Surf. Coat. Technol., 179, pp. 124-134, (2004); Xie Z., Yu G., Li T., Wu Z., Hu B., Dynamic behavior of electroless nickel plating reaction on magnesium alloys, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 9, pp. 107-114, (2011); Zhang S., De Baets J., Vereeken M., Vervaet A., Van Calster A., Stabilizer concentration and local environment: their effects on electroless nickel plating of PCB micropads, J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, pp. 2870-2875, (1999); Lin C.J., Chen K.C., He J.L., The cavitation erosion behavior of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coating, Wear, 261, pp. 1390-1396, (2006); Lin C.J., He J.L., Cavitation erosion behavior of electroless nickel-plating on AISI 1045 steel, Wear, 259, pp. 154-159, (2005); Hu B., Sun R., Yu G., Liu L., Xie Z., He X., Zhang X., Effect of bath pH and stabilizer on electroless nickel plating of magnesium alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., 228, pp. 84-91, (2013); Lei X., Yu G., Gao X., Ye L., Zhang J., Hu B., A study of chromium-free pickling process before electroless Ni-P plating on magnesium alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., 205, pp. 4058-4063, (2011); Hu R., Su Y., Liu H., Deposition behaviour of nickel phosphorus coating on magnesium alloy in a weak corrosive electroless nickel plating bath, J. Alloys Compd., 658, pp. 555-560, (2016); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron and nonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Al-Hashem A., Abdullah A., Riad W., Cavitation corrosion of nodular cast iron (NCI) in seawater: microstructural effects, Mater. Charact., 47, pp. 383-388, (2001); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Pelle M., Creciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of nodular cast iron with ferrite-pearlite microstructure, Ultrason. Sonochem., 23, pp. 385-390, (2015); Franc J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Gutzeit G., Catalytic nickel deposition from aqueous solution. I–IV, Plat. Surf. Finish., 46, pp. 1158-1164, (1959); Madore C., Matlosz M., Landolt D., Blocking inhibitors in cathodic leveling I. theoretical analysis, J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, pp. 3927-3936, (1996); Yin X., Hong L., Chen B.H., Role of a Pb2+ stabilizer in the electroless nickel plating system: a theoretical exploration, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, pp. 10919-10929, (2004); Shu X., Wang Y., Lu X., Liu C., Gao W., Parameter optimization for electroless Ni-W-P coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 276, pp. 195-201, (2015); Kreye H., Isheim D., Kirchheim R., Mu F., Nanocrystalline Ni-3.6 at.% P and its transformation sequence studied by atom-probe field-ion microscopy, Acta Mater., 48, pp. 933-941, (2000); Huang H.C., Chung S.T., Pan S.J., Tsai W.T., Lin C.S., Microstructure evolution and hardening mechanisms of Ni-P electrodeposits, Surf. Coat. Technol., 205, pp. 2097-2103, (2010); Yuan X., Sun D., Yu H., Meng H., Fan Z., Wang X., Preparation of amorphous-nanocrystalline composite structured Ni-P electrodeposits, Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, pp. 294-300, (2007); Cheong W.J., Luan B.L., Shoesmith D.W., The effects of stabilizers on the bath stability of electroless Ni deposition and the deposit, Appl. Surf. Sci., 229, pp. 282-300, (2004); Lin K.L., Hwang J.W., Effect of thiourea and lead acetate on the deposition of electroless nickel, Mater. Chem. Phys., 76, pp. 204-211, (2002); Hou G., Zhao X., Zhou H., Lu J., An Y., Chen J., Yang J., Cavitation erosion of several oxy-fuel sprayed coatings tested in deionized water and artificial seawater, Wear, 311, pp. 81-92, (2014); Lee C.K., Corrosion and wear-corrosion resistance properties of electroless Ni-P coatings on GFRP composite in wind turbine blades, Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, pp. 4868-4874, (2008); Lu G., Zangari G., Corrosion resistance of ternary Ni-P based alloys in sulfuric acid solutions, Electrochim. Acta, 47, pp. 2969-2979, (2002); Yuan Qin L., She Lian J., Jiang Q., Effect of grain size on corrosion behavior of electrodeposited bulk nanocrystalline Ni, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 20, pp. 82-89, (2010)",,Elsevier B.V.,2578972,,,Surf. Coat. Technol.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85054709447 Bordeasu,Bena T.; Mitelea I.; Bordeasu I.; Craciunescu C.,"Bena, Traian (57193098582); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Craciunescu, Cornel (6603971254)",57193098582; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6603971254,The effect of the softening annealing and of normlizing on the cavitation erosion resistance of nodular cast iron FGN 400-15,2016,"METAL 2016 - 25th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,653,658,5,3,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010831574&partnerID=40&md5=ff3b1185e75a079cbb9dd3e6ddf082d1,"This paper analyzes, by comparison, the cavitation erosion resistance of the samples treated through softening annealing at 710 ± 10 °C with the purpose of partial spheroidization of pearlite and decomposition of free cementite traces from the microstructure, respectively the samples treated through normalizing at 860 ± 10 °C with the purpose of the pearlite proportion increasing and the cavitation erosion resistance improving. Cavitation tests were conducted on a vibrating device with piezo-ceramic crystals, following standard rules ASTM G32-2010. The microstructure characterization of the heat treated and eroded by cavitation was made by optic microscopy, and scan electronic microscopy. The obtained results show an improvement of cavitation erosion resistance after the application of the heat treatment for normalizing as a follow-up of the structure finishing and growing of the pearlite proportion in the base matrix.",Cavitation erosion; Heat treatment; Microstructure; Nodular cast iron,Carbides; Cast iron; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Characterization; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Iron; Metallurgy; Metals; Microstructure; Pearlite; Base matrix; Cavitation erosion resistance; Electronic microscopy; Follow up; Microstructure characterization; Partial spheroidization; Piezo-ceramics; Vibrating devices; Nodular iron,"Hashem Al., Cavitation corrosion of nodular cast iron (NCl) in seawater: Microstructural effects, Materials Characterization, 47, 5, pp. 383-388, (2001); Balan K.P., The influence of microstructure on the erosion behaviour of cast irons, Wear, 145, 2, pp. 283-296, (1991); Hug E., Application of the Monkman - Grant law to the creep fracture of nodular cast irons with various matrix compositions and structures, Materials Science and Engineering A, 518, 1-2, pp. 65-75, (2009); Kurylo P., Possibility of plastic processing of spheroidal cast iron, Procedia Engineering, 48, pp. 326-331, (2012); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionala A Materialelor, (2006); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus ASTM G32-2010; Katona S.E., Influence of the solution treatment temperature upon the cavitation erosion resistance for 17-4 P.H. Stainless steels, Metal 2013: 22rd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 208-214, (2013); Jurchela A., Microstructure and cavitation erosion resistance for stainless steels with 12 % chrom and variable nickel concentrations, Metal 2013: 22rd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 742-748, (2013); Mitelea I., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel, International Journal of Materials Research, 106, 4, pp. 391-397, (2015); Mitelea I., Cavitation erosion of laser - Nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloys with the energy controlled by the pulse duration, Tribology Letters, 59, 2, (2015)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729467-3,,"METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85010831574 ,Mago J.; Bansal S.; Gupta D.; Jain V.,"Mago, Jonty (57216933160); Bansal, Sandeep (55422180200); Gupta, Dheeraj (59091064100); Jain, Vivek (57202262660)",57216933160; 55422180200; 59091064100; 57202262660,Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr3C2 composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus,2021,"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications",235,2,,265,292,27,15,10.1177/1464420720961122,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091805651&doi=10.1177%2f1464420720961122&partnerID=40&md5=ec15203ba025bf910a0ece4c3c5cdd6f,"Cavitation erosion is the primary cause of material failure of the hydroelectric power plant components. The rapid development in the advanced surface engineering techniques has provided an effective treatment solution for cavitation erosion. One such novel method is microwave cladding. Hence, the Ni–40Cr3C2 composite clad was deposited on austenitic stainless steel (SS-316) using a microwave cladding process in the present study. The processing was carried out in a domestic microwave oven of 2.45 GHz frequency and 900 W power. The developed clad was thoroughly characterized for the metallurgical and mechanical properties related to its behavior as a successful cavitation erosion resistance material, like microstructure, crystal structure, porosity, microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness. The results showed that the stripe-type and agglomerated carbides were present in the Ni–40Cr3C2 clad. The developed composite clad consists of various carbides (SiC, Ni3C, Cr3Ni2SiC, Cr7C3, and NiC) and intermetallic phases (Ni3Fe, Ni2Si, and Cr3Si). Microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the microwave-processed clad were observed to be 605 ± 80 HV0.3, 813.23 ± 16.2 MPa, and 7.44 ± 0.2 MPa√m, respectively. The microwave-processed composite clad performance in terms of cavitation erosion resistance was determined using the ultrasonic apparatus (ASTM-G32-17). The cavitation experiments were carried out according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, taking into account three parameters: standoff distance, amplitude, and immersion depth. The developed composite clad exhibited significant resistance (mass loss 7.6 times lesser as compared to SS-316) to cavitation erosion. ANOVA results showed the standoff distance as the most important factor followed by amplitude and immersion depth. Least cavitation resistance was observed at a smaller standoff distance, higher amplitude, and lower immersion depth. Linear regression equations were obtained to establish the correlation between parameters and cumulative mass loss. The microwave clad specimens tested at optimized test parameters were damaged in the form of fractured intermetallic, extruded lips, pits, and craters. © IMechE 2020.",Cavitation erosion; characterization; composite clad; microwave cladding; surface roughness; test parameters,Bending strength; Binary alloys; Carbides; Cavitation; Crystal structure; Erosion; Fracture toughness; Hydroelectric power; Hydroelectric power plants; Intermetallics; Microhardness; Microwaves; Silicon; Silicon carbide; Cavitation erosion resistance; Correlation between parameters; Domestic microwave ovens; Linear regression equation; Metallurgical and mechanical properties; Parametric investigations; Stand-off distance (SoD); Surface-engineering techniques; Chromium steel,"Bilgili M., Bilirgen H., Ozbek A., Et al., The role of hydropower installations for sustainable energy development in Turkey and the world, Renew Energy, 126, pp. 755-764, (2018); Ali S.A., Aadhar S., Shah H.L., Et al., Projected increase in hydropower production in India under climate, change. 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Yasui K., Acoustic cavitation and bubble dynamics, (2018)",,SAGE Publications Ltd,14644207,,,Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part L J. Mat. Des. Appl.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85091805651 Bordeasu,Bordeasu I.; Popoviciu M.O.; Mitelea I.; Micu L.M.; Bordeasu C.; Ghera C.; Iosif A.,"Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Popoviciu, M.O. (23005846700); Mitelea, I. (16309955100); Micu, L.M. (34880633700); Bordeasu, C. (56781536300); Ghera, C. (57038932100); Iosif, A. (35769354100)",13409573100; 23005846700; 16309955100; 34880633700; 56781536300; 57038932100; 35769354100,Researches upon cavitation erosion behavior of some duplex steels,2016,IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,106,1,12032,,,,2,10.1088/1757-899X/106/1/012032,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960158694&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f106%2f1%2f012032&partnerID=40&md5=76aa63e9c7c4b933dea2e5a179f828c9,"This paper presents the cavitation erosion behavior of two stainless steels having a duplex structure formed by austenite and ferrite. The conclusions were obtained by using both the cavitation erosion characteristic curves and the pictures of the eroded surfaces obtained with performing optic microscopes. The researches were focused upon the optimal correlation between the cavitation erosion resistance and the rate of the two structural constituents. The tests were done with T2 facility, with ceramic crystals, which integrally respects the ASTM G32-2010 Standard. The obtained results present the cumulative effect upon cavitation erosion of the chemical composition, mechanical properties and the structural constituents. The results of the researches are of importance for the specialists which establishes the composition of the stainless steels used for manufacturing hydraulic machineries or other devices subjected to cavitation erosion.",,Erosion; Hydraulic machinery; Stainless steel; Cavitation erosion resistance; Chemical compositions; Cumulative effects; Duplex steels; Duplex structures; Erosion characteristics; Optimal correlation; Cavitation,"Bordeasu I., Cavitation Erosion of Materials, (2006); Karabenciov A., Cercetari Asupra Eroziunii Produse Prin Cavitafie Vibratorie la Ofelurile Inoxidabile Cu Confinut Constant M Nichel Fi Variabil de Crom, (2013); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Sava M., Duma S.T., Badarau R., Correlations between mechanical properties and cavitation erosion resistance for stainless steels with 12% Chromium and variable contents of Nickel, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 57, 1; Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Cavitation erosion resistance of two steels with the same percentage of Chromium and Nickel but different Carbon content, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 57, (2014); Oanca O., Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Craciunescu C., Phenomenology of Degradation by Cavitation for Heat Treated CuNiAlFe Bronzes, 22-th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 1561-1566, (2013); Oanca O., Tehnici de Optimizare A Rezistenfei la Eroziunea Prin Cavitafie A Unor Aliaje CuAlNiFeMn Destinate Execufiei Elicelor Navale, (2014); 2010 Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, pp. G32-G110; Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Micu L.M., Oanca O.V., Bordeasu D., A Pugna and C Bordeasu 2014 Laser beam treatment effect on AMPCO M4 bronze cavitation erosion resistance, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 85, 1; Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Balasoiu V., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, Revista de Chimie, 58, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu V., Patrascoiu C., An Analytical Model for the Cavitation Erosion Characteristic Curves, Scientific Bulletin ""politehnica"" University of Timifoara, Transaction of Mechanics, 49, pp. 253-258, (2004); Franc J.P., La Cavitation. Mecanismes Phisiques et Aspects Industriels, (1995)",Lemle L.D.; Jiang Y.,Institute of Physics Publishing,17578981,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Bronze Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84960158694 ,Guobys R.; Rodríguez Á.; Chernin L.,"Guobys, R. (57210864540); Rodríguez, Á. (57199131400); Chernin, L. (7006691464)",57210864540; 57199131400; 7006691464,Cavitation erosion of glass fibre reinforced polymer composites with unidirectional layup,2019,Composites Part B: Engineering,177,,107374,,,,10,10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107374,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071723640&doi=10.1016%2fj.compositesb.2019.107374&partnerID=40&md5=38ec0bb614b810d23acda308172e08c8,"Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are increasingly used in marine applications and can be subjected to aggressive environmental effects, one of which is cavitation. This study investigates the behaviour of unidirectional GFRP composites exposed to cavitation erosion generated using an ultrasonic transducer. Cavitation erosion tests were performed in accordance with the ASTM G32 standard. All specimens were preconditioned to eliminate the influence of water absorption on the mass loss caused by cavitation. The erosion process was monitored with a microscope and the mass loss was measured at regular periods. The tested specimens were scanned with X-ray computed microtomography. The research findings indicated that the erosion process was affected by several parameters including specimen thickness, distance between fibre bundles, bundle shape and distribution. The initiation and development of erosion damage were highly influenced by the surface condition. Cavitation erosion traced parts of fibre bundles located closer to the surface creating trenches and valleys on the surface. The regions with thick epoxy layers above and between fibre bundles were much less susceptible to erosion damage. Several erosion mechanisms were identified and discussed. The research findings also highlighted the difficulties in characterising ultrasonic cavitation erosion of GFRP composites using acoustic impedance and mean erosion depth. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd",Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites; Surface analysis; Ultrasonic cavitation erosion; X-ray microtomography (Micro-CT),Acoustic impedance; Bridge decks; Cavitation; Computerized tomography; Fiber reinforced plastics; Glass fibers; Lunar surface analysis; Marine applications; Polymers; Reinforcement; Surface analysis; Ultrasonic transducers; Water absorption; X rays; Erosion mechanisms; Glass fibre reinforced polymers; Influence of water; Specimen thickness; Surface conditions; Ultrasonic cavitation; X ray microtomography; X-ray computed microtomography; Erosion,"Hammond D., Amateau M., Queeney R., Cavitation erosion performance of fiber reinforced composites, J Compos Mater, 27, 16, pp. 1522-1544, (1993); Yamatogi T., Murayama H., Uzawa K., Kageyama K., Watanabe N., Study on cavitation erosion of composite materials for marine propeller, Proceeding of ICCM-17 conference. Edinburgh, july, (2009); Graphics V., VGSTUDIO MAX: high-end software for CT data, (2018); Textile-glass-reinforced plastics. Prepregs, moulding compounds and laminates. Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content, (1997); Bohm H., Betz S., Ball A., The wear resistance of polymers, Tribol Int, 23, 6, pp. 399-406, (1990); Standard test method for rubber property—durometer hardness, (2015); Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, (2016); Abdel-Magid B., Ziaee S., Gass K., Schneider M., The combined effects of load, moisture and temperature on the properties of E-glass/epoxy composites, Compos Struct, 71, 3-4, pp. 320-326, (2005); Bian L., Xiao J., Zeng J., Xing S., Effects of seawater immersion on water absorption and mechanical properties of GFRP composites, J Compos Mater, 46, 25, pp. 3151-3162, (2012); Buehler F., Seferis J., Effect of reinforcement and solvent content on moisture absorption in epoxy composite materials, Compos Appl Sci Manuf, 31, 7, pp. 741-748, (2000); Chow W., Water absorption of epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites, Express Polym Lett, 1, 2, pp. 104-108, (2007); Ellyin F., Rohrbacher C., The influence of aqueous environment, temperature and cyclic loading on glass-fibre/epoxy composite laminates, J Reinf Plast Compos, 22, 7, pp. 615-636, (2003); Liao K., Schultheisz C., Hunston D., Long-term environmental fatigue of pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced composites under flexural loading, Int J Fatigue, 21, 5, pp. 485-495, (1999); Mourad A., Abdel-Magid B., El-Maaddawy T., Grami M., Effect of seawater and warm environment on glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composites, Appl Compos Mater, 17, 5, pp. 557-573, (2010); Standard test method for moisture absorption properties and equilibrium conditioning of polymer matrix composite materials, (2014); Standard test method for water absorption of plastics, (2015); Minnaert M.X.V.I., On musical air-bubbles and the sounds of running water, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 16, 104, pp. 235-248, (1933); Bai L., Xu W., Zhang F., Li N., Zhang Y., Huang D., Cavitation characteristics of pit structure in ultrasonic field, Sci China Ser E Technol Sci, 52, 7, pp. 1974-1980, (2009); Feng H., Barbosa-Canovas G., Weiss, J. Ultrasound technologies for food and bioprocessing, (2011); Image processing software ImageJ, (2018); Standard practice for measuring ultrasonic velocity in materials, (2015); Fatjo G., Torres Perez A., Hadfield M., Experimental study and analytical model of the cavitation ring region with small diameter ultrasonic horn, Ultrason Sonochem, 18, 1, pp. 73-79, (2011); Hattori S., Itoh T., Cavitation erosion resistance of plastics, Wear, 271, 7-8, pp. 1103-1108, (2011); Dular M., Osterman A., Pit clustering in cavitation erosion, Wear, 265, 5-6, pp. 811-820, (2008); Philipp A., Lauterborn W., Cavitation erosion by single laser-produced bubbles, J Fluid Mech, 361, pp. 75-116, (1998); Brujan E., Noda T., Ishigami A., Ogasawara T., Takahira H., Dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubbles near two perpendicular rigid walls, J Fluid Mech, 841, pp. 28-49, (2018)",,Elsevier Ltd,13598368,,CPBEF,Compos Part B: Eng,Article,Final,All Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85071723640 Bordeasu,Belin C.I.; Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Utu I.D.; Crăciunescu C.M.,"Belin, Cosmin Ion (57204665992); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Utu, Ion Dragos (6508248410); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)",57204665992; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6508248410; 6603971254,NITRIDING OF NIMONIC 80 A ALLOY FOR IMPROVING CAVITATION EROSION RESISTANCE,2021,"METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,1068,1073,5,0,10.37904/metal.2021.4218,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124336800&doi=10.37904%2fmetal.2021.4218&partnerID=40&md5=1416516552558c29c931a8428f0db200,"The paper studies the improvement of cavitation erosion resistance for Nimonic 80A alloy whose surface has been subjected to nitriding. The cavitation erosion tests were performed with an ultrasonic vibrating device in accordance to ASTM G32-2010. The cavitated samples were further investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis of the cavitation curves showed 8.65 times decrease in mass loss and 8 times increase in cavitation erosion resistance of nitrided samples compared to those in solution treatment state. © 2021 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.",Cavitation erosion; Nimonic 80A alloy; Nitriding,Aluminum nitride; Cavitation; Erosion; Metals; Nitriding; Scanning electron microscopy; Ultrasonic testing; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Erosion test; Mass loss; Nimonic 80A; Nimonic 80a alloy; Nitrided; Optical-; Solution treatments; Vibrating devices; Alloys,"FRANK J.-P., MICHEL J.M., Fundamentals of cavitation, (2004); NIEDERHOFER P., HUTH S., Cavitation erosion resistance of high interstitial CrMnCN austenitic stainless steels, Wear, 301, 1-2, pp. 457-466, (2013); NEDELCU D, NEDELONI M. D., LUPINCA C.I., Cavitation erosion research on the X3CrNi13-4 stainless steel, Materials Science Forum, 782, pp. 263-268, (2016); KRELLA A.K., KRUPA A., Effect of cavitation intensity on degradation of X6CrNiTi18-10 stainless steel, Wear, 408-409, pp. 180-189, (2018); BELIN C., MITELEA I., BORDEASU I., CRACIUNESCU C.M., On surface topography and microstructure in cavitation erosion tests of alloy 80 A, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 416, (2018); Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test; ALABEEDI K.F., ABBOUD J.H., BENYOUNIS K.Y., Microstructure and erosion resistance enhancement of nodular cast iron by laser melting, Wear, 266, pp. 925-933, (2009); LO K.H., KWOK C.T., WANG K.Y., WENJI AI, Implications of solution treatment on cavitation erosion and corrosion resistances and synergism of austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 392-393, pp. 159-166, (2017); HU H.X., GUO X.M., ZHENG Y., Comparison of the cavitation erosion and slurry erosion behavior of cobalt-based and nickel-based coatings, Wear, 428-429, pp. 246-257, (2019)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729499-4,,"METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Met. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85124336800 Bordeasu,Istrate D.; Sbârcea B.-G.; Demian A.M.; Buzatu A.D.; Salcianu L.; Bordeasu I.; Micu L.M.; Ghera C.; Florea B.; Ghiban B.,"Istrate, Dionisie (57962117200); Sbârcea, Beatrice-Gabriela (57226355382); Demian, Alin Mihai (57963174100); Buzatu, Andreea Daniela (57962117300); Salcianu, Laura (56781472200); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Micu, Lavinia Madalina (34880633700); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Florea, Bogdan (57222483043); Ghiban, Brândușa (23501106400)",57962117200; 57226355382; 57963174100; 57962117300; 56781472200; 13409573100; 34880633700; 57038932100; 57222483043; 23501106400,Correlation between Mechanical Properties—Structural Characteristics and Cavitation Resistance of Cast Aluminum Alloy Type 5083,2022,Crystals,12,11,1538,,,,6,10.3390/cryst12111538,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141752805&doi=10.3390%2fcryst12111538&partnerID=40&md5=73c02b52316d0ab6aaf661a4eaa14703,"The aluminum alloy type 5083, which has high corrosion resistance, excellent weldability, and good strength, is widely used in shipbuilding, automotive, aerospace, and industrial construction. The present paper has the aim of establishing a possible correlation between mechanical properties, structural characteristics, and cavitation erosion properties of the 5083 alloy after applying different heat treatments. Different homogenization heat treatments (350 °C, 450 °C) were applied, each followed by cooling in air and artificial aging at different temperature (140 °C and 180 °C) with three maintenance periods, 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h. The experiments concerning cavitation resistance of the experimental samples were completed in accordance with ASTM G32-2016. The cavitation erosion resistance were determined either by analytical diagrams MDER (or MDE) vs. cavity attack duration, or by measuring the maximum erosion attack by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the best combination of heat treatments applied to cast aluminum products type 5083 is homogenization at 350 °C followed by artificial aging at 180 °C, at which the highest mechanical characteristics are obtained, a resilience of 25 J/cm2, a grain size of 140–180 μm, and a maximum depth of the erosion MDEmax around 14–17 µm. © 2022 by the authors.",aluminum alloy 5083; cavitation erosion; heat treatments,,"Huang K., Lui T., Chen L., Effect of microstructural feature on the tensile properties and vibration fracture resistance of friction stirred 5083 Alloy, J. Alloys Compd, 509, pp. 7466-7472, (2011); Bauri R., Yadav D., Kumar C.N.S., Balaji B., Tungsten particle reinforced Al 5083 composite with high strength and ductility, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 620, pp. 67-75, (2015); Newbery A.P., Nutt S.R., Lavernia E.J., Multi-scale Al 5083 for military vehicles with improved performance, Jom-Us, 58, pp. 56-61, (2006); Ke W., Bu X., Oliveira J., Xu W., Wang Z., Zeng Z., Modeling and numerical study of keyhole-induced porosity formation in laser beam oscillating welding of 5A06 aluminum alloy, Opt. Laser Technol, 133, (2021); Pereira D., Oliveira J., Santos T., Miranda R., Lourenco F., Gumpinger J., Bellarosa R., Aluminium to Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer tubes joints produced by magnetic pulse welding, Compos. Struct, 230, (2019); Torzewski J., Grzelak K., Wachowski M., Kosturek R., Microstructure and Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of AA5083 H111 Friction Stir Welded Joint, Materials, 13, (2020); Tian N., Wang G., Zhou Y., Liu K., Zhao G., Zuo L., Study of the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) Characteristics of a 5083 Aluminum Alloy Sheet in Two Heat Treatment States, States Mater, 11, (2018); Nakamura T., Obikawa T., Nishizaki I., Enomoto M., Fang Z., Friction Stir Welding of Non-Heat-Treatable High-Strength Alloy 5083-O, Metals, 8, (2018); Tamasgavabari R., Ebrahimi A., Abbasi S., Yazdipour A., The effect of harmonic vibration with a frequency below the resonant range on the mechanical properties of AA-5083-H321 aluminum alloy GMAW welded parts, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 736, (2018); Liu Y., Wang W., Xie J., Sun S., Wang L., Qian Y., Meng Y., Wei Y., Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum 5083 weldments by gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc welding, Mater. Sci. Eng, 549, pp. 7-13, (2012); Ma M., Lai R., Qin J., Wang B., Liu H., Yi D., Effect of weld reinforcement on tensile and fatigue properties of 5083 aluminum metal inert gas (MIG) welded joint: Experiments and numerical simulations, Int. J. Fatigue, 144, (2021); Corigliano P., Crupi V., Pei X., Dong P., DIC-based structural strain approach for low-cycle fatigue assessment of AA 5083 welded joints, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech, 116, (2021); Manzana M.E., Experimental Studies and Investigations Regarding the Structural Modifications Produced through Cavitation-erosion in Different Metallic Materials, Doctoral Thesis, (2012); Guragata M.C., Studies and Experimental Researches Concerning Plastic Forming and Erosion-Cavitation Behavior of Superalloy Type INCONEL 718, PhD Thesis, (2021); Bordeasu I., Monograph of the Cavitation Erosion Research Laboratory of the University Politehnica of Timisoara (1960–2020), (2020); Micu L.M., Cavitation Erosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steels, Doctoral Thesis, (2017); Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu V., New contributions to cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Trans, 34, pp. 39-43, (2006); Cornelia Laura S., Bordeasu I., Sirbu N.A., Badarau R., Malaimare G., Hluscu M., Daniel O., Oanca O.V., Evaluation of the Cavitation Resistance of INCONEL 718, in Delivered and Respectively Heat Treated Condition, Adv. Mater. Res, 1157, pp. 47-51, (2020); Istrate D., Ghera C., Salcianu L., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.C., Ostoia D., Heat Treatment Influence of Alloy 5083 on Cavitational Erosion Resistance, Hidraul. Mag, 3, pp. 15-25, (2021); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Cavitation Erosion Behavior of Stainless Steels with Constant Nickel and Variable Chromium Content, Mater. Test, 54, pp. 53-58, (2012); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, (2016); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Riemschneider E., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion improvement following TIG surface-remelting of gray cast iron, Wear, 496, (2022); Oanca Victor Octavian Techniques for Optimizing the Resistance to Cavitation Erosion of Some CuAlNiFeMn Alloys Intended for the Execution of Naval Propellers, Doctoral Thesis, (2014); Steller K., Reymann Z., Krzysztoowicz T., Evaluation of the resistance of materials to cavitational erosion, Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Fluid Machinery, 2; Sakai I., Shima A., On a New Representative Equation for Cavitation Damage Resistance of Materials, (1987); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., A New Model for the Equation Describing the Cavitation Mean Depth Erosion Rate Curve, Chem. J, 4, pp. 894-898, (2017); Garcia R., Comprehensive Cavitation Damage Data for Water and Various Liquid Metals Including Correlation with Material and Fluid Properties, (1966); Hobbs J.M., Experience With a 20-kc Cavitation Erosion Test, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, pp. 159-185, (1967); Jean-Pierre F., Jean-Louis K., Karimi A., Fruman D.-H., Frechou D., Briancon-Marjollet L., Billard J.-Y., Belahadji B., Avellan F., Michel J.M., Physical Mechanisms and Industrial Aspects, (1995); Bordeasu I., Ghera C., Istrate D., Salcianu L., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.C., Suta A., Tomoiaga I., Resistance and Behavior to Cavitation Erosion of Semi-Finished Aluminum Alloy 5083, Hidraul. Mag, 4, pp. 17-24, (2021)",,MDPI,20734352,,,Crystals,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85141752805 ,Vadapalli S.; Pathem U.; Vuppala V.R.S.N.; Chebattina K.R.; Sagari J.,"Vadapalli, Srinivas (57206668260); Pathem, Umachaitanya (57205477633); Vuppala, Venkata Ramana S N (57889815300); Chebattina, Kodandarama Rao (57205469034); Sagari, Jaikumar (57221719894)",57206668260; 57205477633; 57889815300; 57205469034; 57221719894,Corrosion and cavitation erosion properties of sub-micron WC-Co /Cr3C2-NiCr multi-layered coating on aluminium substrates,2020,"Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals",30,3,,46,54,8,3,10.55713/JMMM.V30I3.691,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137998146&doi=10.55713%2fJMMM.V30I3.691&partnerID=40&md5=7685881e5a808aceb8112279e1180092,"Marine and automobile components are subjected to corrosion and cavitation erosion during their service. This paper aims to study the use of hard coatings on aluminium substrates with multiple layers of coating comprising of sub-micron sized WC-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr for enhancement of hardness, corrosion and cavitation erosion properties. Coatings are applied on aluminium substrates using high-velocity liquid fuel (HVLF) spray technique and the coating parameters are optimized for best results. The results indicate that multiple layered coating with alternate film coatings of Cr3C2-NiCr & submicron WC-Co has significantly improved the hardness of aluminium surface. The resistance to corrosion with multiple layers of coating is found to be exceptional and similar to monolayer Cr3C2-NiCr coating. Cavitation erosion tests performed as per ASTM G32 show that coating with multiple layers could resist the erosion of materials under dynamic conditions. The number of layers in the multiple-layer coatings strongly affects the hardness, corrosion and cavitation erosion properties © 2020, Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals.All Rights Reserved.",Aluminium substrates; Cavitation erosion; Chrome carbide-nickel chrome; Corrosion potential; Tungsten carbide-cobalt,,"Bobzin K., Zhao L., Ote M., Konigstein T., Steeger M., Impact wear of an HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coating, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, (2018); Bolelli G., Berger LM., Borner T., Koivuluoto H., Matikainen V., Lusvarghi L., Lyphout C., Markocsan N., Nylen P., Sassatelli P., Trache R., Vuoristo P., Sliding and abrasive wear behaviour of HVOF-and HVAF-sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr hard-metal coatings, Wear, 358-359, pp. 32-50, (2016); Bolelli G., Milanti A., Lusvarghi L., Trombi L., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Wear and impact behaviour of High Velocity Air-Fuel sprayed Fe-Cr-Ni-B-C alloy coatings, Tribology International, 95, pp. 372-390, (2016); Cao Y., Zhang J., Liang Y., Yu F., Sun T., Mechanical and tribological properties of Ni/Al multi-layers-A moleculardynamics study, Applied Surface Science, 257, pp. 847-851, (2010); Krella A.K., Czyzniewski A., Gilewiczb A., Krupa A., Cavitation erosion of CrN/CrCN multilayer coating, Wear, 386, pp. 386-387, (2017); Dejun K., Tianyuan S., Wear behaviors of HVOF sprayed WC-12Co coatings by laser remelting under lubricated condition, Optics and Laser Technology, 89, pp. 86-91, (2017); Ding X., Cheng X., Yu X., Li C., Yuan C., Ding Z., Structure and cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating, Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 28, pp. 487-494, (2018); Fang W., Cho T. Y., Yoon J. H., Song K. O., Hur S. K., Youn S. J., Chun H. G., Processing optimization, surface properties and wear behavior of HVOF spraying WC-CrC-Ni coating, Journal of Material Process Technology, 209, 7, pp. 3561-3567, (2009); Hattori S., Nakao E., Cavitation erosion mechanisms and quantitative evaluation based on erosion particles, Wear, 249, pp. 839-845, (2002); Hong S., Wu Y., Zhang J., Zheng Y., Zheng Y., Lin J., Synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation erosion and corrosion of WC-CoCr and FeCr-SiBMn coatings prepared by HVOF spraying, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 31, pp. 563-569, (2016); Janka L., Norpoth J., Eicher S., Rodriguez Ripoll M., Vuoristo P., Improving the toughness of thermally sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr hardmetal coatings by laser post-treatment, Materials design, 98, pp. 135-142, (2016); Karaoglanli A.C., Oge M., Doleker K.M., Hotamis M., Comparison of tribological properties of HVOF sprayed coatings with different composition, Surface Coatings Technology, 318, pp. 299-308, (2017); Kirubaharan A.M.K., Kuppusami P., Priya R., Divakar R., Gupta M., Pandit D., Ningshen S., Synthesis, microstructure and corrosion behavior of compositionally graded Ni-YSZ diffusion barrier coatings on inconel-690 for applications in high temperature environments, Corrosion Science, 135, pp. 243-254, (2018); Krella A.K., Cavitation erosion resistance of Ti/TiN multi-layer coatings, Surface Coatings Technology, 228, pp. 115-123, (2013); Lin J., Moore J.J., Moerbe W. C., Pinkas M., Mishra B., Doll G. L., Sproul W.D., Structure and properties of selected (Cr-Al-N, TiC-C, Cr-B-N) nanostructured tribological coatings, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 28, 1, pp. 2-14, (2010); Mohanty M., Smith R. W., De Bonte M., Celis J. P., Lugscheider E., Sliding wear behavior of thermally sprayed 75/25 Cr3C2/NiCr wear resistant coatings, Wear, 198, 1-2, pp. 251-266, (1996); Peat T., Galloway A., Toumpis A., Harvey D., Yang W., Performance evaluation of HVOF deposited cermet coatings under dry and slurry erosion, Surface & Coatings Technology, 300, 10, pp. 118-127, (2016); Picas J. A., Forn A., Igartua A., Mendoza G., Mechanical and tribological properties of high velocity oxy-fuel thermal sprayed nanocrystalline CrC-NiCr coatings, Surface & Coatings Technology, 174, 3, pp. 1095-1100, (2003); Roy M., Haubner R., Tribology of hard coatings, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 28, 1, (2010); Schneider A., Steinmueller-Nethl D., Roy M., Franek F., Enhanced tribological performances of nanocrystalline diamond film, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 28, 1, pp. 40-50, (2010); Sidhu H. S., Sidhu B. S., Prakash S., Mechanical and microstructural properties of HVOF sprayed WC-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr coatings on the boiler tube steels using LPG as the fuel gas, Journal of Materials Process Technology, 171, 1, pp. 77-82, (2006); Sidhu H. S., Sidhu B. S., Prakash S., Wear characteristics of Cr3C2-NiCr and WC-Co coatings deposited by LPG fueled HVOF, Tribology International, 43, 5-6, pp. 887-890, (2010); Srinivas V., Umachaitanya P., Venkataramana V. S. N., Kodanda Rama Rao C. H., Mechanical, Anticorrosion, and Tribological Properties of Nanostructured WC-Co/Cr3C2-Ni Cr Multi-layered Graded Coating on Aluminum Substrate, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 50, 4, pp. 1985-1994, (2018); Suarez M., Bellayer S., Traisnel M., Gonzalez W., Chicot D., Lesage J., Puchi-Cabrera E. S., Staia M. H., Corrosion behavior of Cr3C2-NiCr vacuum plasma sprayed coatings, Surface and Coatings Technology, 202, 18, pp. 4566-4571, (2008); Sundararajan G., Sivakumar G., Sen D., SrinivasaRao D., Ravichandra G., The tribological behaviour of detonation sprayed TiMo(CN) based cermet coatings, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 28, 1, pp. 71-81, (2010); Vashishtha N., Khatirkar R. K., Sapate S. G., Tribologicalbehaviour of HVOF sprayed WC-12Co, WC-10Co-4Cr and Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings, Tribology international, 105, pp. 55-68, (2017); Vashishtha N., Sapate S. G., Abrasive wear maps for High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC-12Co and Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings, Tribology international, 114, pp. 290-305, (2017); Vashishtha N., Sapate S. G., Bagde P., Rathod A. B., Effect of heat treatment on friction and abrasive wear behaviour of WC-12Co and Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings, Tribology international, 118, pp. 381-399, (2018); Ying K., Tian X., Gong C., Chu P. K., Enhancement of toughness and wear resistance by CrN/CrCN multi-layered coatings for wood processing, Surface & Coatings Technology, 344, pp. 204-213, (2018); Zhang X. C., Xu B. S., Tu S. T., Xuan F. Z., Wang H. D., Wu Y. X., Fatigue resistance and failure mechanisms of plasma-sprayed CrC-NiCr cermet coatings in rolling contact, International Journal of Fatigue, 31, 5, pp. 906-915, (2009); Zhou W., Zhou K., Deng C., Zeng K., Li Y., Hot corrosion behaviour of HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-NiCrMoNbAl coating, Surface Coatings and Technology, 309, pp. 849-859, (2017)",,Chulalognkorn University,8576149,,,J. Metals Mater. Minerals,Article,Final,All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85137998146 ,Bena T.; Mitelea I.; Bordeau I.; Crǎciunescu C.M.,"Bena, T. (57193098582); Mitelea, I. (16309955100); Bordeau, I. (57204681898); Crǎciunescu, C.M. (6603971254)",57193098582; 16309955100; 57204681898; 6603971254,Roughness Parameters during Cavitation Exposure of Nodular Cast Iron with Ferrite-Pearlite Microstructure,2018,IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,416,1,12011,,,,2,10.1088/1757-899X/416/1/012011,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056658999&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f416%2f1%2f012011&partnerID=40&md5=9f59e9c6c8bd006c0d470a90f00d6688,"The cavitation erosion resistance of EN-GJS-400-15 nodular cast iron was tested in the laboratory according to ASTM G32- 2010 standard. The erosion average penetration depth values, MDE, were correlated with the roughness parameters and the microstructure of the samples subjected to volume heat treatments consisting from stress relieving and for softening, annealing, normalization and quenching followed by tempering. The results obtained showed that the changes in the surface roughness of the samples tested at cavitation can be used to predict the resistance of the material to this wear phenomenon. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Cast iron; Cavitation; Erosion; Microstructure; Surface roughness; Cavitation erosion resistance; Ferrite-pearlite; Roughness parameters; Wear phenomena; Nodular iron,"Hattori S., Ishikura R., Wear, 268, 1-2, (2010); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Bena T., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Conference Proceeding Metal, 2016, pp. 653-658, (2016); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Pelle M., Craciunescu C.M., Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 23, (2015); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Revista de Chimie, 68, (2017); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C.M., Journal of Tribology- Transaction of the Asme, 138, (2016); Franc J.P., Et al., La Cavitation. Mécanismes Physiques et Aspects Industries, (1995); Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Nystrom R.E., Correlation of Cavitation Damage with Other Material and Fluid Properties, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, (1960); Katona S.E., Cavitational Erosion of Stainless Steels with Indirect Martensitic Transformation, (2017)",Serban V.-A.; Utu I.-D.; Marsavina L.; Linul E.,Institute of Physics Publishing,17578981,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85056658999 Bordeasu,Belin C.; Mitelea I.; Bordeasu I.; Craciunescu C.,"Belin, C. (57204665992); Mitelea, I. (16309955100); Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Craciunescu, C. (6603971254)",57204665992; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6603971254,On Surface Topography and Microstructure in Cavitation Erosion Tests of Alloy 80 A,2018,IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,416,1,12010,,,,3,10.1088/1757-899X/416/1/012010,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056654794&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f416%2f1%2f012010&partnerID=40&md5=e2636bdbb1eb043a70d24734736832f7,"From practical and economic reasons for the design of components for Diesel engines, the selection of materials and/or heat treatments is essential to provide a high cavitation erosion resistance. This paper studies cavitation behavior of the Nimonic 80A alloy designed for execution of Diesel engine exhaust valves. The cavitation tests where done on an ASTM G32 -2010 compliant vibrating device with piezoceramic crystals. The metalographic examinations performed with optical microscope and electronic scanning microscopy revealed the microstructural changes occurring in the region of the cavitation affected material and the path of the crack propagation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Cavitation; Erosion; Heat resistance; Piezoelectric ceramics; Surface testing; Surface topography; Cavitation erosion resistance; Electronic scanning microscopy; Microstructural changes; Nimonic 80A; Piezoceramic; Selection of materials; Vibrating devices; Diesel engines,"Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M., Balasoiu, FME Transactions Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, New Series, 34, (2006); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalǎ A Materialelor, (2006); Baumgaertner T., Plath A., Kempf B., Bothe K., Gerold V., Strength of Metals and Alloys (ICSMA 8), 3, (1989); Matthew D.M., Singh V., Chen W., Wahi P.R., Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 39, 7, (1991); Di Martino F.S., Faulkner G.R., Hogg C.S., Vujic S., Tassa O., Materials Science & Engineering A, 619, (2014); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Katona S.E., Craciunescu C.M., International Journal of Materials Research, 108, 12, (2017)",Serban V.-A.; Utu I.-D.; Marsavina L.; Linul E.,Institute of Physics Publishing,17578981,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Bronze Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85056654794 Bordeasu,Mitelea I.; Ghera C.; Bordeaşu I.; Crəciunescu C.M.,"Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Crəciunescu, Corneliu M. (6603971254)",16309955100; 57038932100; 13409573100; 6603971254,Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel,2015,International Journal of Materials Research,106,4,,391,397,6,22,10.3139/146.111188,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953271783&doi=10.3139%2f146.111188&partnerID=40&md5=34986d56bf2f53919d08dd1a28c6d7c3,"Ultrasonic cavitation experiments using a piezoceramicbased apparatus, according to ASTM G32-2010, were performed on heat and thermochemically treated Cr - Mn low alloyed steel samples. The microstructure in annealed, carburized and tempered states as well as following a duplex treatment (carburized, surface induction hardening and tempering) was analyzed before and after the cavitation erosion tests. The results show the advantage of the duplex treatment, with a significant increase of up to 20 times of the cavitation erosion resistance compared to the annealed state and reveal that the main mechanism for surface deterioration is micro-cracking. The observations are important for the improvement of the behaviour for parts used in hydraulic equipment, for which the volume hardening following the carburization can be replaced by cost-efficient surface induction hardening treatments. © Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG.",Cr - Mn alloyed steel; Duplex treatments; Ultrasonic cavitation erosion,Erosion; Hardening; Hydraulic machinery; Induction heating; Manganese; Alloyed steels; Cavitation erosion resistance; Duplex treatment; Low alloyed steels; Surface deterioration; Surface induction hardening; Thermo-chemically; Ultrasonic cavitation; Cavitation,"Espitia A.L., Toro A., Tribol. Int., 43, (2010); Hansson I., Morch K.A., J. Appl. Phys., 51, (1980); Luo J., Li J., Advanced Tribology, (2010); Agarwal N., Chaudhari G.P., Nath S.K., Tribol. Int., 70, (2014); Krella A., Wear, 270, (2011); Wei-Di C., Xiao-Ping L., Metall. Trans. A., 20 A, (1989); Hosmani S.S., Ajesh V., Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy (PINSA)., 79, 3, (2013); Qiang Y.H., Ge S.R., Xue Q.J., Tribol. Int., 32, (1999); Grumbt G., Zenker R., Spies H.J., Franke R., Haase I., Mater. Eng.-Materiálové Inžinierstvo (MEMI), 21, (2014); Da Silva F.J., Marinho R.R., Paes M.T.P., Franco S.D., Wear, 304, (2013); Kwok T.C., Surf. Coat. Technol., 126, (2000); Mitelea I., Dimian E., Bordeasu I., Creciunescu C., Ultrason. Sonochem., 21, (2014); Jones K.T., Newsome M.R., Carter M.D., Gear Solutions, 8, 82, (2010); Ooi S., Bhadeshia H.K.D.H., ISIJ International, 52, (2012); Gloeckner P., Ebert F.J., Tribol. Trans., 53, (2010); Sacher G., Zenker R., Spies H.-J., Mater. Manuf. Process., 24, (2009); Denis S., Archambault P., Gautier E., Simon A., Beck G., J. Mat. Eng. Perform., 11, (2002)",,Carl Hanser Verlag,18625282,,,Int. J. Mater. Res.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84953271783 Bordeasu,Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Cosma D.; Uțu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.,"Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Cosma, Daniela (57446418800); Uțu, Ion-Dragoș (57987603600); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)",16309955100; 13409573100; 57446418800; 57987603600; 6603971254,Microstructure and Cavitation Damage Characteristics of GX40CrNiSi25-20 Cast Stainless Steel by TIG Surface Remelting,2023,Materials,16,4,1423,,,,3,10.3390/ma16041423,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149184474&doi=10.3390%2fma16041423&partnerID=40&md5=fef81b748055a1deabf6c09308f92be5,"Cavitation erosion degrades the surface of engineering components when the material is exposed to turbulent fluid flows. Under conditions of local pressure fluctuations, a nucleation of gas or vapor bubbles occurs. If the pressure suddenly drops below the vapor pressure, these bubbles collapse violently when subjected to higher pressure. This collapse is accompanied by the sudden flow of the liquid, which is manifested by stress pulses capable of causing plastic deformations on solid surfaces. Repeating these stress conditions can cause material removal and ultimately failure of the component itself. The present study aims to reduce the negative impact of this phenomenon on the mechanical systems components, using the TIG local surface remelting technique. Cavitation erosion tests were performed in accordance with the ASTM G32-2016 standard on samples taken from a cast high-alloy stainless steel. The alloy response for each melting current value was investigated by measuring mass loss as a function of cavitation attack time and by analyzing the damaged surfaces using optical and scanning electron microscopes. It was highlighted that the TIG remelted layers provide an increase in cavitation erosion resistance of 5–6 times as a consequence of the fine graining and microstructure induced by the technique applied. © 2023 by the authors.",cavitation erosion; high Cr-Ni-Si cast stainless steel; microstructure; TIG surface remelting,Cavitation; Chromium alloys; Chromium steel; Ductile fracture; Erosion; Flow of fluids; Remelting; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon alloys; Silicon steel; Solidification; Stainless steel; Steel castings; Cast stainless steels; Cavitation damage; Condition; Engineering components; Exposed to; High cr-ni-si cast stainless steel; Local pressures; Pressure fluctuation; TIG surface remelting; Turbulent fluid flow; Microstructure,"Franc J.-P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Guiyan G., Zheng Z., Cavitation erosion mechanism of 2Cr13 stainless steel, Wear, 488–489, (2022); Warren D.A., Griffiths I.J., Harniman R.L., Flewitt P.E.J., Scott T.B., The role of ferrite in Type 316H austenitic stainless steels on the susceptibility to creep cavitation, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 635, pp. 59-69, (2015); Xia D., Deng C., Chen Z., Li T., Hu W., Modeling Localized Corrosion Propagation of Metallic Materials by Peridynamics: Progresses and Challenges, Acta Metall Sin, 58, pp. 1093-1107, (2022); Romero M.C., Tschiptschin A.P., Scandian C., Low temperature plasma nitriding of a Co30Cr19Fe alloy for improving cavitation erosion resistance, Wear, 426–427, pp. 581-588, (2019); Mitelea I., Bena T., Bordeasu I., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Enhancement of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Cast Iron with TIG Remelted Surface, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 50A, pp. 3767-3775, (2019); Wang Y., Anp Y., Hou G., Zhao X., Zhou H., Chen J., Effect of cooling rate during annealing on microstructure and ultrasonic cavitation behaviors of Ti6Al4V alloy, Wear, 512–513, (2023); Si C., Sun W., Tian Y., Cai J., Cavitation erosion resistance enhancement of the surface modified 2024T351 Al alloy by ultrasonic shot peening, Surf. Coat. Technol, 452, (2023); Singh N.K., Vinay G., Ang A.S.M., Mahajan D.K., Singh H., Cavitation erosion mechanisms of HVOF-sprayed Ni-based cermet coatings in 3.5% NaCl environment, Surf. Coat. Technol, 434, (2022); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Belin C., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation Resistance, Microstructure, and Surface Topography of Plasma Nitrided Nimonic 80 A Alloy, Materials, 15, (2022); Chen J.H., Wu W., Cavitation erosion behavior of Inconel 690 alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 489, pp. 451-456, (2008); Chen F., Jianhua Du J., Zhou S., Cavitation erosion behaviour of incoloy alloy 865 in NaCl solution using ultrasonic vibration, J. Alloy. Compd, 831, (2020); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Belin C., Utu Craciunescu C.M., TIG processing of Nimonic 80A alloy for enhanced cavitation erosion resistance, Metal 2019, Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 1399-1404; Han S., Lin J.H., Kuo J.J., He J.L., Shih H.C., The cavitation-erosion phenomenon of chromium nitride coatings deposited using cathodic arc plasma deposition on steel, Surf. Coat. Technol, 161, pp. 20-25, (2002); Berchiche N.A., Franc J.-P., Michel J.M., A cavitation erosion model for ductile materials, J. Fluids Eng, 124, pp. 601-606, (2002); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Riemschneider E., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion improvement following TIG surface-remelting of gray cast iron, Wear, 496–497, (2022); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron and nonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Mitelea I., Dimian E., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of gas nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloys, Ultrason. Sonochemistry, 21, pp. 1544-1548, (2014); Abbasi M., Vahdatnia M., Navaei A., Solidification Microstructure of HK Heat Resistant Steel, Int. J. Met, 9, pp. 14-26, (2015); Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M., Balasoiu V., New contributions in cavitation erosion curves modeling, FME Trans, 34, pp. 39-43, (2006); Steller J.K., International cavitation erosion test-summary of results, Proceedings of the ImechE Cavitation Conference, pp. 95-102; Steller J.K., International Cavitation Erosion Test-Test Facilities and Experimental Results, (1992); Steller J., Giren B.G., International Cavitation Erosion Test; Final Report, (2015); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, (2016); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţională a Materialelor, (2006); Li Z., Han J., Lu J., Zhou J., Chen J., Vibratory cavitation erosion behaviour of AISI 304 stainless steel in water at elevated temperatures, Wear, 321, pp. 33-37, (2014); Yucheng L., Chang H., Guo X., Li T., Xiao L., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of 316L steel weld joint in liquid Pb-Bi eutectic alloy at 550 °C, Ultrason. Sonochem, 39, pp. 77-86, (2017)",,MDPI,19961944,,,Mater.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85149184474 Bordeasu,Ghera C.; Odagiu O.P.; Nagy V.; Micu L.M.; Luca A.N.; Bordeasu I.; Demian M.A.; Buzatu A.D.; Ghiban B.,"Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Odagiu, Ovidiu Petrisor (57212409261); Nagy, Vasile (57205305923); Micu, Lavinia Madalina (34880633700); Luca, Alexandru Nicolae (58020710300); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Demian, Mihai Alin (22633364100); Buzatu, Andreea Daniela (57962117300); Ghiban, Brandusa (23501106400)",57038932100; 57212409261; 57205305923; 34880633700; 58020710300; 13409573100; 22633364100; 57962117300; 23501106400,INFLUENCE OF AGEING TIME ON CAVITATION RESISTANCE OF 6082 ALUMINUM ALLOY,2022,"UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B: Chemistry and Materials Science",84,4,,225,237,12,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144179238&partnerID=40&md5=acf8465c8a2bc8e4425fa9a65f7ee58d,"The use of aluminum-based alloys in components of thermal machines, hydraulic machines, which work in cavitation currents, required the finding of solutions to reduce the erosive effect of the surface eroded by micro-jets and shock waves produced during cavitation. In this direction is also included the research of the resistance to vibration cavitation erosion of alloy 6082 subjected to heat treatment of ageing at 180°C, with three durations of the heat regime (one hour, 12 hours and 24 hours), generated by the standard vibrating device, with piezoceramic crystals, from the Cavitation Erosion Research Laboratory, of the Polytechnic University of Timișoara. The results of the research, compared to the gauge sample, taken from the rolling state, analyzed based on the curves and parameters recommended by the ASTM G32-2016 standards, show that the best resistance is obtained for the 24-hour regime of maintaining at 180°C. Macro and microscopic photographic images show differences between the erosions produced on the surfaces, as a result of changes in structure and mechanical properties, created by the maintaining times at the ageing temperature and which are consistent with the values of the reference parameters that characterize the erosion resistance by cavitation. © 2022, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.",ageing; aluminum alloys 6082; cavitation; micro and macrostructure,Aluminum alloys; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Heat resistance; Research laboratories; Shock waves; 'current; 6082 Aluminium alloys; Aging time; Aluminium-based alloy; Aluminum alloy 6082; Cavitation resistance; Hydraulic machines; Macrostructures; Micro and macrostructure; Thermal machines; Cavitation,"Bordeasu I., Monograph of the Cavitation Erosion Research Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timișoara 1960-2020, (2020); Mitelea I., Wolfgang T., Materials Science II, (2007); Barglazan M., Velescu C., Milos T., Manea A., Dobanda E., Stroita C., Hydrodynamic transmission operating with two-phase flow, WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences, Open Access, 4th International Conference on Computational and Experimental Methods in Multiphase and Complex Flow, 56, pp. 369-378, (2007); Sun Cavity Advantage-Sun Hydraulics; Aluminium alloys in shipbuilding – a fast growing trend; Stroita D.C., Manea A.S., Cernescu A., Blade polymeric material study of a cross-flow water turbine runner, Materiale Plastice, 56, 2, pp. 366-369, (2019); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, Revista de chimie, 58, 12, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Anton L.E., Bordeasu I., Tabara I., Considerations regarding the use of EPO 99 B resin in manufacturing AXIAL hydraulic machinery runners, Materiale Plastice, 45, 2, pp. 190-192, (2008); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, Journal of Tribology-Transactions of the ASME, 138, 3, (2016); Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test, (2016); Frant F., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Codrean C., Mutascu D., Effect of some heat treatments on cavitation erosion resistance of the EN AW-6082 alloy, 28-th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 663-667, (2019); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Salcianu L.C., Ghera C., Micu L.M., Badarau R., Iosif A., Pirvulescu L.D., Podoleanu C.E., 2017 A new concept for stainless steels ranking upon the resistance to cavitation erosion, International Conference on Applied Science IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering, 163, (2017); Istrate I., Chera C., Salcianu L., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.C., Daniel Ostoia-Heat Treatment Influence of Alloy 5083 on Cavitational Erosion Resistance, Hidraulica – Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Tribology, Ecology, Sensorics, Mechatronics, pp. 15-25; Luca A.N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Ghera C., Istrate D., Stroita D.C., Modification of the cavitation resistance by hardening heat treatment at 450°C followed by artificial ageing at 180°C of the aluminum alloy typer 5083 compared to the state of cast semifinished product, Hidraulica – Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Tribology, Ecology, Sensorics, Mechatronics, pp. 39-45; Bordeasu I., Ghera C., Istrate I., Salcianu L., Ghiban B., Bazavan D.V., Micu L.M., Stroita D.C., Suta A., Tomoiaga I., Luca A.N., Resistance and Behavior to Cavitation Erosion of Semi-Finished Aluminum Alloy 5083, Hidraulica – Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Tribology, Ecology, Sensorics, Mechatronics, pp. 17-24",,Politechnica University of Bucharest,14542331,,SBPSF,UPB Sci Bull Ser B,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85144179238 ,Olivio É.F.T.; Olivio Filho P.S.; de Aguiar L.A.; Moreno J.R.S.; Paredes R.S.C.,"Olivio, Émillyn Ferreira Trevisani (57208322355); Olivio Filho, Paulo Sergio (57210830151); de Aguiar, Lucas Alan (57210827420); Moreno, João Roberto Sartori (57223806369); Paredes, Ramón Sigifredo Cortés (6507167715)",57208322355; 57210830151; 57210827420; 57223806369; 6507167715,Analysis of 410NiMo coating deposited by thermal spray in CA6NM martensitic stainless steel against erosion by cavitation,2019,International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,104,09-Dec,,4559,4569,10,3,10.1007/s00170-019-04277-x,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071622130&doi=10.1007%2fs00170-019-04277-x&partnerID=40&md5=05e3b62427b959a1b7f0ebb1693fa4b6,"For most applications, martensitic stainless steels are subject to operating conditions where good mechanical properties and wear resistance are required. Soldering soft martensitic stainless steels features decreased tenacity of the welded joint which, along with the residual stresses, can shorten the life of component and accelerate the cavitation process. In order to increase the strength of the martensitic structures, thermal spraying is used to produce coatings, laid without resulting in thermal cycles that influence the structural integrity of the coated steels. This work was deposited by the electric arc and wire flame, the 410NiMo martensitic stainless steel, in wire and rod form, respectively, on the substrate of the martensitic stainless steel CA6NM. The samples were sent to Vickers microhardness tests and accelerated cavitation, according to ASTM G32-10. The results were obtained through optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM, and dispersive energy spectroscopy (DES); the samples featured high adhesion, low porosity, and cavitation erosion–resistant coatings. The thermal spray is suitable for the application of this type of coating. © 2019, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.",410NiMo; CA6NM steel; Cavitation erosion; Thermal spraying,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Coatings; Electric arcs; Erosion; Thermal spraying; Wear resistance; Welding; 410NiMo; CA-6NM martensitic stainless steels; Energy spectroscopy; High-adhesion; Low porosity; Martensitic structures; Operating condition; Vickers microhardness tests; Martensitic stainless steel,"Modelagem De Cavitação Bifásica Em Um Rotor De Bomba Centrífuga. Dissertação De Mestrado, (2013); Ferreira R.B., Ventrella V.A., Influência Da Camada De Revestimento Na Recuperação Por Soldagem De Turbinas Hidráulicas Danificadas Por Erosão Cavitacional, (2005); Allenstein A.N., Estudo Da Resistência à Cavitação Do Aço Inoxidável Martensítico CA6-NM Nitretado Por Plasma: 2007, (2007); Henke S.L., Nino C.E., Buschinelli A.J.A., Correa J.A., Especificação de procedimentos de reparo por soldagem de aços inoxidáveis martensíticos macios sem TTPS, (1998); Henke S.L., Desenvolvimento De Procedimento De Soldagem De Aço Inoxidável Martensítico Macio Tipo CA 6NM Sem Tratamento Térmico Posterior, (1998); Goncalves B.H.B., Estudo Comparativo Da resistência à erosão Por cavitação Do Metal De Solda Depositado Por Um Arame Tubular Tipo 13%Cr - 4%Ni −0,4%Mo E Do aço Fundido ASTM a 743 CA-6NM, (2007); Novicki N., Casas W.J.P., Henke S.L., Tenacidade à Fratura do Aço CA6NM Temperado e Revenido e de sua Junta Soldada sem TTPS, Rev Soldagem Insp, 13, pp. 25-31, (2008); Standard Specification for Castings, Iron- Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application, ASTM A743 / A743m-98Ae1, (1999); Prado E.M., DO; Influência Das variáveis Do Processo MIG/MAG Convencional E MIG Pulsado Nas Propriedades mecânicas De Juntas Soldadas Com Arame Er410nimo, (2004); Pukasiewicz AGM Desenvolvimento De Revestimentos Fe-Mn-Cr-Si-Ni Resistentes à cavitação Depositadas Por aspersão ASP, (2008); Marques P.V., (2003); Gartner F., Voyer J., Qi X., Kreye H., New Challenges for Wire and Rod Flame Spraying, (2006); Lima C.C., Trevisan R., Aspersão Térmica Fundamentos E Aplicações, (2007); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Terres C.J.F., Avaliação De Revestimentos de Aços Inoxidáveis Depositados por Aspersão Térmica, (2006); Thorpe M.L., Thermal Spray. Industry in transition, Adv Mater Process, 143, 5, pp. 50-61, (1993); Fauchais P.L., Heberlein J.V.R., Boulos M., Thermal spray fundamentals: from powder to part, (2014); Capra A.R., Et al., Desenvolvimento De Procedimentos De Reparo De Trincas E recuperação De cavitação Em Turbinas hidráulicas Fundidas Em Aço Inoxidável Martensítico Macio CA6NM, (2007); De A.L.F.C.B., Avaliação Da influência De aplicação De vibração mecânica Na Microestrutura E Em características mecânicas De Juntas Do aço inoxidável martensítico CA6NM Soldadas Pelo Processo FCAW, (2015); Boccanera L.F., 149p. Resistência a Erosão por Cavitação de Revestimentos Depositados por Soldagem e Aspersão Térmica. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, (1999); Pereira S.A., Desenvolvimento De Procedimento De Reparo Por Soldagem Em Aços Inoxidáveis Martensíticos Com Metal De Adição Similar Sem TTP, (2000)",,Springer London,2683768,,IJATE,Int J Adv Manuf Technol,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85071622130 Bordeasu,Mitelea I.; Bordeasu I.; Micu L.M.; Craciunescu C.M.,"Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Micu, Lavinia Madalina (34880633700); Craciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)",16309955100; 13409573100; 34880633700; 6603971254,Microstructure and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of the X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 Duplex Stainless Steel Subjected to Laser Nitriding,2017,Revista de Chimie,68,12,,2992,2996,4,4,10.37358/rc.17.12.6024,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042010604&doi=10.37358%2frc.17.12.6024&partnerID=40&md5=23f10492b430289c446b741eec5c6dfe,"The cavitation behavior of the Duplex stainless steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 was improved by modifying the structure of the surface layer, using the laser nitriding procedure. There have been used different impulse power for the laser beam (from 120W to 240W) for constant impact times. The cavitation erosion tests were effectuated in the Timisoara Poytechnic University Cavitation Erosion Laboratory with the T2 device, which respects all the conditions imposed by the ASTM G32 Standard. There were compared two types of specimens: those laser treated and those subjected only to the conventional solution treatment (heated at 1060 ºC and cooled in water). The eroded surfaces were analyzed through hardness measurements, optic microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). After a total cavitation exposure of 165 min, the specimens laser nitridet present a reduction of 3.23 till 5.67 times of the mean depth erosion and from 3.03 till 5.26 times of the cavitation erosion rate in comparison with the specimens treated only with solution treatment. This huge improvement is given by the microstructure of the superficial layer enriched in nitrogen.",Cavitation erosion; Duplex stainless steel; Laser nitriding; Microstructure,,"Al-Hashem A., Riad W., The effect of duplex stainless steel microstructure on its cavitation morphology in seawater, Materials Characterization, 47, pp. 389-395, (2001); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 58, 12, (2007); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Salcianu L., Craciunescu C., M-Cavitation Erosion Mechanisms of Solution Treated X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steels, JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 138, 3, (2016); Bordeasu I., Micu L.M., Mitelea I., Utu I.D., Pirvulescu L.D., Sirbu N.A., Cavitation Erosion of HVOF Metal-ceramic Composite Coatings Deposited onto Duplex Stainless Steel Substrate, Mat. Plast., 53, 4, (2016); Bregliozzi G., Di Schino A., Ahmed S.I.-U., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Duraiselvam M., Galun R., Wesling V., Mordike B., Reiter R., Oligmuller J., Cavitation erosion resistance of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel laserclad with nickel aluminide intermetallic composites and matrix composites with TiC reinforcement, Surface and Coatings Techhnology, 201, pp. 1289-1295, (2006); Escobar J., Correa R., Santa J.P., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of welded martensitic stainless steel coatings, Proceedings from The First International Brazilian Conference on Tribology, TriboBr-2010, pp. 299-309, (2010); Espitia L.A., Toro A., Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components, Journal of Tribology, 43, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Karimi A., Cavitation erosion of a duplex stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering, 86, pp. 191-203, (1987); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation erosion and damage mechanisms of alloys with duplex structures, Materials Science and Engineering, A242, pp. 108-120, (1998); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., A New Model for the Equation Describing the Cavitation Mean Depth Erosion Rate Curve, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 68, 4, (2017); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Pelle M., Craciunescu C.M., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of nodular cast iron with ferrite-pearlite microstructure, ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY, 23, pp. 385-390, (2015); Mitelea I., Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation Erosion of Sensitized UNS S31803 Duplex Stainless Steels, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25, 5, pp. 1939-1944, (2016); Sato Y.S., Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering A, 397, pp. 376-384, (2005); Weerasinghe V.W., West D.R.F., De Damborenea J., Laser surface nitriding of titanium and titanium alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 58, 1, pp. 79-86, (1996); Xue L., Islam M.U., Koul A.K., Wallace W., Bibby M., Laser gas nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V, Materials and Manufacturing Process, 12, 5, pp. 799-817, (1997); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test; ASM Handbook: Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology, 18, (1992)",,Syscom 18 SRL,347752,,RCBUA,Rev Chim,Article,Final,All Open Access; Bronze Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85042010604 Bordeasu,Belin C.; Mitelea I.; Bordeașu I.; Crăciunescu C.M.; Uțu I.-D.,"Belin, Cosmin (57204665992); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeașu, Ilare (13409573100); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254); Uțu, Ion-Dragoș (57987603600)",57204665992; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6603971254; 57987603600,Technological Processes for Increasing the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Nimonic 80A Superalloys,2023,Materials,16,8,3206,,,,0,10.3390/ma16083206,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85156130385&doi=10.3390%2fma16083206&partnerID=40&md5=fcb872ca38d1232642f81da110d05ab3,"Nickel-based superalloys are frequently used to manufacture the components that operate under cavitation erosion conditions, such as aircraft gas turbine construction, nuclear power systems, steam turbine power plants, and chemical and petrochemical industries. Their poor performance in terms of cavitation erosion leads to a significant reduction in service life. This paper compares four technological treatment methods to improve cavitation erosion resistance. The cavitation erosion experiments were carried out on a vibrating device with piezoceramic crystals in accordance with the prescriptions of the ASTM G32—2016 standard. The maximum depth of surface damage, the erosion rate, and the morphologies of the eroded surfaces during the cavitation erosion tests were characterized. The results indicate that the thermochemical plasma nitriding treatment can reduce mass losses and the erosion rate. The cavitation erosion resistance of the nitrided samples is approximately 2 times higher than that of the remelted TIG surfaces, approximately 2.4 times higher than that of the artificially aged hardened substrate, and 10.6 times higher than that of the solution heat-treated substrate. The improvement in cavitation erosion resistance for Nimonic 80A superalloy is attributed to the finishing of the surface microstructure, graining, and the presence of residual compressive stresses, factors that prevent crack initiation and propagation, thus blocking material removal during cavitation stresses. © 2023 by the authors.",alternative technologies; cavitation erosion; Nimonic 80A,Aluminum nitride; Cavitation; Erosion; Gas plants; Nuclear fuels; Nuclear power plants; Piezoelectric ceramics; Steam power plants; Aircraft gas turbines; Alternative technologies; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Erosion conditions; Erosion rates; Nickel-based superalloys; Nimonic 80A; Nuclear power system; Power system steam turbine; Technological process; Nickel alloys,"Franc J.-P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Eliaseny K.M., Christiansen T., Somers M., Low temperature gaseous nitriding of Ni based superalloys, Surf. Eng, 26, pp. 248-255, (2010); Chang J.T., Yeh C.H., He J.J., Chen K.C., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behavior of Ni–Al intermetallic coatings, Wear, 255, pp. 162-169, (2003); Krella A.K., Krupa A., Effect of cavitation intensity on degradation of X6CrNiTi18-10 stainless steel, Wear, 408–409, pp. 180-189, (2018); Chollet S., Pichont L., Cormier J., Dubois J.B., Villechaise P., Drouet M., Declemy A., Templier C., Plasma assisted nitriding of Ni-based superalloys with various microstructures, Surf. Coat. Technol, 235, pp. 318-325, (2013); Han S., Lin J.H., Kuo J.J., He J.L., Shih H.C., The cavitation-erosion phenomenon of chromium nitride coatings deposited using cathodic arc plasma deposition on steel, Surf. Coat. Technol, 161, pp. 20-25, (2002); Lo K.H., Kwok C.T., Wang K.Y., Ai W., Implications of solution treatment on cavitation erosion and corrosion resistances and synergism of austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 392–393, pp. 159-166, (2017); Mesa D.H., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of UNS S31803 stainless steel by duplex treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol, 205, pp. 1552-1556, (2010); Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Mutascu D., Buzdugan D., Craciuneescu C.M., Cavitation resistance of Stellite 21 coatings tungsten inert gas (TIG) deposited onto duplex stainless steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3, Mater. Test, 64, pp. 967-976, (2022); Tong Z., Jiao J., Zhou W., Yang Y., Chen L., Liu H., Sun Y., Ren X., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of AA5083 aluminium alloy by laser shock processing, Surf. Coat. Technol, 377, (2019); Alabeedi K.F., Abboud J.H., Benyounis K.Y., Microstructure and erosion resistance enhancement of nodular cast iron by laser melting, Wear, 266, pp. 925-933, (2009); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Riemschneider E., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion improvement following TIG surface-remelting of gray cast iron, Wear, 496–497, (2022); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Housden J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and PAPVD Cr1−xNx coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 1045 steel, Surf. Coat. Technol, 200, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Mitelea I., Dimian E., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of gas nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloys, Ultrason. Sonochem, 21, pp. 1544-1548, (2014); Manova D., Hirsch D., Gerlach J.W., Mandl S., Neumann H., Rauschenbach B., In situ investigation of phase formation during low energy ion nitriding of Ni80Cr20 alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol, 259, pp. 434-441, (2014); Belin C., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion mechanism in TIG remelted surfaces of Nimonic 80 A alloy, Mater. Today Proc, 45, pp. 4207-4210, (2021); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Belin C., Utu I.D., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation Resistance, Microstructure, and Surface Topography of Plasma Nitrided Nimonic 80 A Alloy, Materials, 15, (2022); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); Bordeasu I., Patrascoiu C., Badarau R., Sucitu L., Popoviciu M., Balasoiu V., New Contributions in Cavitation Erosion Curves Modeling, pp. 39-44, (2006); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitationala a Materialelor, (2006)",,MDPI,19961944,,,Mater.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85156130385 ,Hofmann J.; Thiébaut C.; Riondet M.; Lhuissier P.; Gaudion S.; Fivel M.,"Hofmann, Julien (58059067400); Thiébaut, Charles (58059181600); Riondet, Michel (6506259610); Lhuissier, Pierre (25634403400); Gaudion, Sylvain (58059225900); Fivel, Marc (6701696532)",58059067400; 58059181600; 6506259610; 25634403400; 58059225900; 6701696532,Comparison of acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation: Material point of view,2023,Physics of Fluids,35,1,17112,,,,3,10.1063/5.0132085,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146051358&doi=10.1063%2f5.0132085&partnerID=40&md5=6fc8efc905e05e2941bdd72e96ffb99e,"This study investigated the difference in mechanical response of the martensitic stainless steel X3CrNiMo13-4/S41500/CA6 NM QT780 between hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation erosion. The results show that acoustic cavitation erosion generates small pits at a high temporal frequency on the material, while hydrodynamic cavitation erosion produces larger pits at a lower frequency. Acoustic cavitation erosion tests have been performed using a 20 kHz ultrasonic horn located at 500 μm in front of a specimen. This experimental setup, known as an indirect method, is inspired from the ASTM G32 standard. Hydrodynamic cavitation erosion tests were conducted with classic experimental conditions of a PREVERO device: a cavitation number of 0.87 corresponding to a flow velocity of 90 m s - 1 and an upstream pressure of 40 bars. In addition, for a given exposure time, the percentage of surface covered by the pits is smaller for acoustic cavitation than for hydrodynamic cavitation. Three successive steps have been identified during the damage process: persistent slip bands (PSB) first appear on the surface, cracks initiate and propagate at the PSB locations and nonmetallic interfaces, and finally, parts of the matter are torn off. A careful time examination of the same small area of the exposed sample surface by scanning electron microscopy reveals that acoustic cavitation is faster to initiate damage than hydrodynamic cavitation. © 2023 Author(s).",,Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Flow velocity; Hydrodynamics; Martensitic stainless steel; Scanning electron microscopy; Acoustic cavitations; Erosion test; Experimental conditions; High temporal frequency; Hydrodynamic cavitations; Indirect methods; Lower frequencies; Mechanical response; Persistent slip bands; Ultrasonic horn; Cavitation,"Franc J.-P., Michel J.-M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2006); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, Int. Met. 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Nucl., 7, pp. 1000-1017, (2006); Allenstein A.N., Lepienski C.M., Buschinelli A.J.A., Brunatto S.F., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance for low-temperature plasma nitrided Ca-6 NM martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 309, pp. 159-165, (2014); Krella A.K., Zakrzewska D.E., Marchewicz A., The resistance of S235JR steel to cavitation erosion, Wear, 452-453, (2020); Gao G., Zhang Z., Cavitation erosion mechanism of 2Cr13 stainless steel, Wear, 488-489, (2022); Patella R.F., Reboud J.-L., Archer A., Cavitation damage measurement by 3D laser profilometry, Wear, 246, pp. 59-67, (2000); Dular M., Bachert B., Stoffel B., Sirok B., Relationship between cavitation structures and cavitation damage, Wear, 257, pp. 1176-1184, (2004); Franc J.-P., Riondet M., Karimi A., Chahine G.L., Material and velocity effects on cavitation erosion pitting, Wear, 274-275, pp. 248-259, (2012); Abouel-Kasem A., El-Deen A.E., Emara K.M., Ahmed S.M., Investigation into cavitation erosion pits, J. Tribol., 131, (2009); Dular M., Osterman A., Pit clustering in cavitation erosion, Wear, 265, pp. 811-820, (2008); Haosheng C., Shihan L., Inelastic damages by stress wave on steel surface at the incubation stage of vibration cavitation erosion, Wear, 266, pp. 69-75, (2009); Franc J.-P., Incubation time and cavitation erosion rate of work-hardening materials, J. Fluids Eng., 131, (2009); Gavaises M., Villa F., Koukouvinis P., Marengo M., Franc J.-P., Visualisation and les simulation of cavitation cloud formation and collapse in an axisymmetric geometry, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 68, pp. 14-26, (2015); Hunt J.C.R., Abell C.J., Peterka J.A., Woo H., Kinematical studies of the flows around free or surface-mounted obstacles; Applying topology to flow visualization, J. Fluid Mech., 86, pp. 179-200, (1978); Tanaka M., Choi C.S., The effects of carbon contents and Mstemperatures on the hardness of martensitic Fe-Ni-C Alloys, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 12, pp. 16-25, (1972); Philipp A., Lauterborn W., Cavitation erosion by single laser-produced bubbles, J. Fluid Mech., 361, pp. 75-116, (1998); Makuta T., Suzuki R., Nakao T., Generation of microbubbles from hollow cylindrical ultrasonic horn, Ultrasonics, 53, pp. 196-202, (2013); Lee J., Ashokkumar M., Kentish S., Grieser F., Determination of the size distribution of sonoluminescence bubbles in a pulsed acoustic field, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, pp. 16810-16811, (2005); Roy S.C., Modeling and Analysis of Material Behavior during Cavitation Erosion, (2015); Ylonen M., Franc J.-P., Miettinen J., Saarenrinne P., Fivel M., Shedding frequency in cavitation erosion evolution tracking, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 118, pp. 141-149, (2019); Olson G.B., Transformation plasticity and toughening, J. Phys. IV, 6, pp. C1407-C1418, (1996); Chiang J., Lawrence B., Boyd J.D., Pilkey A.K., Effect of microstructure on retained austenite stability and work hardening of TRIP steels, Mater. Sci. Eng.: A, 528, pp. 4516-4521, (2011)",,American Institute of Physics Inc.,10706631,,PHFLE,Phys. Fluids,Article,Final,All Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85146051358 ,Srinivas V.; Jayaraj A.; Venkataramana V.S.N.; Ravisankar H.; Moorthy C.V.K.N.S.N.,"Srinivas, V. (57206668260); Jayaraj, A. (57214807592); Venkataramana, V.S.N. (57188581807); Ravisankar, H. (57538008800); Moorthy, C.V.K.N.S.N. (57194447713)",57206668260; 57214807592; 57188581807; 57538008800; 57194447713,"Mechanical, corrosion and cavitation erosion properties of LM 9 grade aluminium–multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites",2022,Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering,20,4,,1126,1135,9,3,10.1080/14484846.2020.1784557,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087522181&doi=10.1080%2f14484846.2020.1784557&partnerID=40&md5=bb2a34ac4c8cdbcaaf82131691653fe6,"This paper is intended to study mechanical, corrosion and cavitation erosion properties of aluminium metal matrix composites with Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcement. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes in different weight percentages (1, 2 and 3%) are reinforced in Light metal 9 (LM 9) aluminium alloy using the ultrasonic stir casting method. Hardness, pitting corrosion potential and erosion resistance are evaluated to assess the influence of different weight percentages of MWCNTs as reinforcements in LM 9 alloy. The results indicate that Aluminium–MWCNTs composites possess an improved hardness of up to 150 % compared to base LM 9 alloy. The pitting corrosion resistance of composites was found to be excellent with minimum corrosion damage to the composite specimen. Cavitation erosion test performed as per ASTM G32 indicates a decrease in erosion wear for composites reinforced with MWCNTs compared to base material LM 9. The property improvement of the LM 9–MWCNT composite under dynamic conditions is verified using SEM micrographs. The effect of weight percentage of MWCNTs found to be significant in the enhancement of properties.  There are 16 % and 30 % reductions respectively in pitting corrosion potential and erosive wear respectively for composite with 3 % MWCNTs. © 2020 Engineers Australia.",Aluminium alloy LM 9; cavitation erosion; composite; hardness; multi-walled carbon nanotubes; pitting corrosion,Aluminum corrosion; Cavitation; Corrosion resistance; Erosion; Hardness; Metallic matrix composites; Nanotubes; Pitting; Reinforced plastics; Reinforcement; Wear of materials; Aluminium metal matrix composites; Composite specimens; Corrosion potentials; Erosion resistance; Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs); Property improvement; Stir casting method; Weight percentages; Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCN),"Alaneme K.K., Adewale T.M., Peter Apata Olubambi, Corrosion and Wear Behaviour of Al–Mg–Si Alloy Matrix Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Rice Husk Ash and Silicon Carbide, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 3, 1, pp. 9-16, (2014); Amal M.K., Esawi M.A., Borady E., Carbon Nanotube-reinforced Aluminium Strips, Science and Technology, 68, pp. 486-492, (2008); Aribo S., AdeyemiFakorede O., Peter Olubambi,Erosion-corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Alloy 6063 Hybrid Composite, Wear, 376-377, pp. 608-614, (2017); Baisong G., Song M., Yi J., Ni S., Shen T., Du Y., Improving the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Pure Aluminum Matrix Composites by Achieving Non-equilibrium Interface, Materials & Design, 120, pp. 56-65, (2017); Bodunrin M.O., Alaneme K.K., Chown L.H., Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites: A Review of Reinforcement Philosophies; Mechanical, Corrosion and Tribological Characteristics, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 4, 4, pp. 434-445, (2015); Chen B., Li S., Imai H., Jia L., Umeda J., Takahashi M., Kondoh K., Et al., An Approach for Homogeneous Carbon Nanotube Dispersion in Al Matrix Composites, Materials & Design, 72, pp. 1-8, (2015); Deng C.F., Wang D.Z., Zhang X.X., Li A.B., Processing and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Aluminum Composites, Materials Science and Engineering A, 444, pp. 138-145, (2007); Dinh Phuong D., Trinh P.V., An N.V., Luan N.V., Minh P.N., Khisamov R.K., Nazarov K.S., Et al., Effects of Carbon Nanotube Content and Annealing Temperature on the Hardness of CNT Reinforced Aluminum Nanocomposites Processed by the High-pressure Torsion Technique, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 613, pp. 68-73, (2014); El-Aziz K.A., Saber D., Sallam H.E.D.M., Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 1, (2015); Jiang L., Fan G., Zhiqiang L., Kai X., Zhang D., An Approach to the Uniform Dispersion of a High Volume Fraction of Carbon Nanotubes in Aluminum Powder, 49, 6, pp. 1965-1971, (2011); Kondoh K., Umeda J., Watanabe R., Cavitation Erosion of Aluminum Matrix Sintered Composite with AlNdispersoids, Wear, 267, 9-10, pp. 1511-1515, (2009); Kurita I., Estili M., Kwon H., Miyazaki T., Zhou W., Silvain J.-F., Kawasaki A., Et al., Load-bearing Contribution of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Tensile Response of Aluminum, Composites: Part A, 68, pp. 133-139, (2015); Liang Z.X., Ye B., Zhang L., Wang Q.G., Yang W.Y., Wang Q.D., A New High-strength and Corrosion-resistant Al–Si Based Casting Alloy, Materials Letters, 97, pp. 104-107, (2013); Liu Z.Y., Xiao B.L., Wang W.G., Ma Z.Y., Developing High-performance Aluminum Matrixcomposites with Directionally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes by Combining Friction Stir Processing and Subsequent Rolling, Carbon, 62, pp. 35-42, (2013); Ma Z.Y., Xiao B.L., Wang W.G., Ma Z.Y., Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Shortening and Composite Strengthening in Carbon Nanotube/aluminium Composites Fabricated by Multi-pass Friction Stir Process, Carbon, 69, pp. 264-274, (2014); Mansoor M., Shahid M., Carbon Nanotube-reinforced Aluminum Composite Produced by Induction Melting, Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 14, pp. 215-224, (2016); Mishra S.K., Biswas S., AlokSatapathy, A Study on Processing, Characterization and Erosion Wear Behavior of Silicon Carbide Particle Filled ZA-27 Metal Matrix Composites, Materials & Design, 55, pp. 958-965, (2014); Papadopoulos A., Gkikas G., Paipetis A.S., Barkoula N.-M., Effect of CNTs Addition on the Erosive Wear Response of Epoxy Resin and Carbon Fibre Composites, Composites. Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing, 84, pp. 299-307, (2016); Pardo A., Merino M.C., Merino S., Viejo F., Carboneras M., Arrabal R., Influence of Reinforcement Proportion and Matrix Composition on Pitting Corrosion Behaviour of Cast Aluminium Matrix Composites, Corrosion Science, 47, 7, pp. 1750-1764, (2005); Pham-Thanh N., Tho H.V., Yum Y.J., Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 29, pp. 1629-1636, (2015); Pradeep Kumar G.S., Keshavamurthy R., Kumari P., Dubey C., Corrosion Behaviour of TiB2 Reinforced Aluminium Based in Situ Metal Matrix Composites, Perspectives in Science, 8, pp. 172-175, (2016); Ravi Kumar K., Kiran K., Sreebalaji V.S., Micro Structural Characteristics and Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Titanium Carbide, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 723, pp. 795-801, (2017); Samir Mahmoud T., Yousef El-Kady E.-S., Al-Shihiri A., CorrosionBehaviour of Al/SiC and Al/Al2O3 Nanocomposites, Materials Research, 15, 6, pp. 903-910, (2012); Samuel Ratna Kumar P.S., Robinson Smart D.S., John Alexis S., Corrosion Behaviour of Aluminium Metal Matrix Reinforced with Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube, Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 5, 1, pp. 71-75, (2017); Sun H.H., Chen D., Li X.F., Ma N.H., Wang H.W., Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Al–Si Alloy Composites Reinforced with in Situ TiB2 Particulate, Materials and Corrosion, 60, (2009); Xu C.L., Wei B.Q., Ma R.Z., Liang J., Ma X.K., Wu D.H., Fabrication of Aluminum–carbon Nanotube Composites and Their Electrical Properties, Carbon, 37, pp. 855-858, (1999); Yadav P.K., Dixit G., Investigation of Erosion-corrosion of Aluminium Alloy Composites: Influence of Slurry Composition and Speed in a Different Mediums, Journal of King Saud University - Science, (2019); Yue T.M., Wu Y.X., Man H.C., On the Role of CuAl2 Precipitates in Pitting Corrosion of Aluminum 2009/SiCW Metal Matrix Composite, Journal of Materials Science Letters, 19, (2000); Yufeng W., Kim G.-Y., Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Composite Fabricated by Semi-solid Powder Processing, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 211, pp. 1341-1347, (2011); Zakaria H.M., Microstructural and Corrosion Behavior of Al/SiC Metal Matrix Composites, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 5, 3, pp. 831-838, (2014)",,Taylor and Francis Ltd.,14484846,,,Aust. J. Mech. Eng.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85087522181 ,Jang I.J.; Kim K.T.; Yoo Y.R.; Kim Y.S.,"Jang, I.J. (57219361750); Kim, K.T. (56982019300); Yoo, Y.R. (8342672200); Kim, Y.S. (57364965100)",57219361750; 56982019300; 8342672200; 57364965100,Effects of ultrasonic amplitude on electrochemical properties during cavitation of carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution,2020,Corrosion Science and Technology,19,4,,163,173,10,14,10.14773/CST.2020.19.4.163,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092333688&doi=10.14773%2fCST.2020.19.4.163&partnerID=40&md5=28788a94a094a9408894d3139091e029,"Cavitation corrosion in many industrial plants has recently become a serious issue. Cavitation corrosion has generally been investigated using a vibratory method based on ASTM G32 standard, and the test can be divided into direct cavitation and indirect cavitation. Cavitation corrosion test uses the vibration frequency of the horn of 20 kHz with constant peak-to-peak displacement amplitude. In this work, the peak-to-peak amplitude was controlled from 15 μm to 85 μm, and electrochemical measurements were obtained during indirect cavitation. The relationship between cavitation corrosion rate and electrochemical properties was discussed. Corrosion steps of carbon steel at the initial stage under cavitation condition in 3.5 % NaCl can be proposed. When the cavitation strength is relatively low, corrosion of the steel is more affected by the electrochemical process than by the mechanical process; but when the cavitation strength is relatively high, corrosion of the steel is affected more by the mechanical process than by the electrochemical process. This work confirmed that the critical ultrasonic amplitude of 0.42 %C carbon steel is 53.8 μm, and when the amplitude is less than 53.8 μm, the corrosion effect during the cavitation corrosion process is higher than the mechanical effect. © 2020 Faculty of Healthcare, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin. All rights reserved.",Carbon steel; Cavitation corrosion rate; Cavitation corrosion test; Critical ultrasonic amplitude; Electrochemical properties,,"Jeong J. A., Kim M. S., Yang S. D., Hong C. H., Lee N. K., Lee D. H., J. Kor. Soc. Mar. Eng, 42, (2018); Lee S. Y., Lee K. H., Won C. U., Na S., Yoon Y. G., Lee M. H., Kim Y. H., Moon K. M., Kim J. G., J. Ocean Eng. Technol, 27, (2013); Jeong J. H., Kim Y. H., Moon K. M., Lee M. H., Kim J. G., J. Kor. Soc. Mar. Eng, 37, (2013); Huang Y., Ji D., Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem, 135, (2008); Nesic S., Corros. Sci, 49, (2007); Buhri S. A. A., Kaithari D. K., Rasu E., Int. J. Stud. Res. Technol. Manag, 4, (2016); Wang L., Qiu N., Hellmann D. -H., Zhu X., J. Mech. Sci. Technol, 30, (2016); Tzanakis I., Bolzoni L., Eskin D. G., Hadfield M., Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 48, (2017); Sun H., J. Mech. Sci. Technol, 26, (2012); Um S. B., (2017); Thiruvengadam A., J. Basic Eng, 85, (1963); Plesset M. S., Ellis A. T., Wear, 1, (1955); Vyas B., Preece C. M., Metall. Trans. A, 8, (1977); Lee S. J., Kim S. J., Corros. Sci. Tech, 11, (2012); Lee S. J., Lee J. H., Kim S. J., Corros. Sci. Tech, 14, (2015); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016); Kim K. T., Chang H. Y., Kim Y. S., Corros. Sci. Tech, 17, (2018); Haosheng C., Jiang L., Darong C., Jiadao W., Wear, 265, (2008); Silva C. A., Varela I. B., Kolawole F. O., Tschiptschin A. P., Panossian Z., Wear, 452-453, (2020); Lin C. J., He J. L., Wear, 259, (2005); Chang J. T., Yeh C. H., He J. L., Chen K. C., Wear, 255, (2003); Luo S. Z., Zheng Y. G., Li M. C., Yao Z. M., Ke W., Corrosion, 59, (2003); Zheng Y., Luo S., Ke W., Wear, 262, (2007); Gou W., Zhamg H., Li H., Liu F., Lian J., Wear, 412-413, (2018); Hattori S., Ogso T., Minami Y., Yamada I., Wear, 265, (2008); Yan D., Wang J., Liu F., Chen D., Wear, 303, (2013); da Silva F. N., de Oliveira P. M., da Fonseca N. M., de Souza Araujo T., de Carbalho Filho E. T., da Cunha J. D., da Silva D. R., de Medeiros J. T. N., Revista Materia, 24, (2019); Sedano-de la Rosa C., Vite-Torres M., Godinez- Salcedo J. G., Gallardo-Hernandez E. A., Cuamatzi- Melendez R., Farfan-Cabrera L. I., Wear, 376-377, (2017); Krella A. K., Zakrzewska D. E., Marchewicz A., Wear, 452-453, pp. 203-295, (2020); Lin C., Zhao Q., Zhao X., Yang Y., Int. J. Georesources Environ, 4, (2018); Carbon steel for machine structural use, (2019); Hur S. Y., Kim K. T., Kim Y. S., Corros. Sci. Tech, 18, (2019); Yang H. Y., Advanced Metallic Materials, (2011); Staicopolus D. N., J. Electrochem. Soc, 110, (1963); Ochoa N., Vega C., Pebere N., Lacaze J., Brito J. L., Mater. Chem. Phys, 156, (2015)",,Corrosion Science Society of Korea,15986462,,,Corros. Sci. Technolog,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85092333688 Bordeasu,Frant F.; Mitelea I.; Bordeasu I.; Utu I.-D.,"Frant, Florin (57215883759); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Utu, Ion-Dragos (6508248410)",57215883759; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6508248410,Investigation on ultrasonic cavitation erosion of wrought Al-Mg alloys,2020,Materials Today: Proceedings,45,,,4242,4246,4,1,10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.198,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107649408&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2020.12.198&partnerID=40&md5=423fdf5729ef71fa3137d7a39f4a76c1,"Al-Mg deformable alloys (5XXX series) are susceptible to cavitation, intergranular and tensile-cracking corrosion. To change the shape of the secondary phases precipitated on the boundaries of thea solid solution grains that reduce the cavitation resistance, some special heat treatments were applied. Cavitation erosion tests were performed in accordance with the ASTM G32 - 2010 standard. The alloys response to each heat treatment condition was investigated by measuring the mass loss as a function of cavitation time and by analyzing the damaged surfaces using optical and scanning electron microscopy. It was pointed out that the heat treatment consisting of a solution treatment at 530 °C followed by aging at 80 °C for 48 h increases the cavitation erosion resistance due to the prevention of secondary phase precipitation as continuous strips from the oversaturated solid solution. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Al-Mg deformable alloy; Cavitation; Microstructure,Aluminum alloys; Aluminum corrosion; Binary alloys; Corrosion resistance; Deformation; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Intergranular corrosion; Magnesium alloys; Scanning electron microscopy; Solid solutions; Textures; Al-mg deformable alloy; Cavitation resistance; Erosion test; Heat treatment conditions; Intergranular cracking; Mass loss; Secondary phase; Solid-solution grains; Tensile cracking; Ultrasonic cavitation; Cavitation,"Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Lee S.J., Kim K.H., Surf. Interface Anal., 44, pp. 1389-1392, (2011); DojCinovic M., JoviCic N., Trumbulovic L., Cavitation resistance of aluminum alloy, 10th International Scientific Conference ""Science and Higher Education in Function of Sustainable Development, pp. 10-14, (2017); Tocci M., Pola A., Montesano L., Marina La Vecchia G., Frattura Integr. Strutt., 43, pp. 218-230, (2018); Frant F., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Codrean C., Mutascu D., Effect of some heat treatments on cavitation erosion resistance of the EN AW - 6082 alloy, Metal 2019, International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 776-780, (2019); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2016)",,Elsevier Ltd,22147853,,,Mater. Today Proc.,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85107649408 ,Da Cruz J.R.; Henke S.L.; D'Oliveira A.S.C.M.,"Da Cruz, Juliane Ribeiro (56108790800); Henke, Sérgio Luiz (7006196982); D'Oliveira, Ana Sofia Clímaco Monteiro (7006271427)",56108790800; 7006196982; 7006271427,Effect of cold work on cavitation resistance of an austenitic stainless steel coating,2016,Materials Research,19,5,,1033,1041,8,9,10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0442,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84989948275&doi=10.1590%2f1980-5373-MR-2015-0442&partnerID=40&md5=4a6a66d213c44422ff85aad97c700fb0,Machining procedures of welding deposits are usual and result on cold work hardened surfaces. The cold work effect on cavitation erosion of an austenitic stainless steel surface is assessed. FeCrMnSiB coatings were processed by PTA on AISI 304 plates. Specimens were grouped as the cold work deformed surface (CWHS) and the undeformed polished surface (UPS) specimens. Top surface and transverse section of coatings were analysed for slip lines and hardness changes by light microscopy and Vickers microhardness measurements. Ultrasonic cavitation tests were conducted in accordance to ASTM G32-10. CWHS specimens exhibited slip lines and hardened surfaces while UPS specimens did not show traces of slip lines and had insignificant changes on microhardness. Cold work prior to cavitation indirectly increased the nominal incubation time and reduced the maximum erosion rate. Cold work increases the duration of the acceleration period postponing the onset of the maximum erosion rate and enhancing cavitation resistance.,Acceleration period; Cavitation erosion; Cold work deformation; Cold work hardening; Fe-Cr-Mn-Si austenitic stainless steel; Incubation period; Nominal incubation time; Plastic deformation,Austenitic stainless steel; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Coatings; Cold working; Erosion; Hardening; Manganese; Microhardness; Plastic deformation; Strain hardening; Ultrasonic testing; Austenitic stainless; Austenitic stainless steel coatings; Cavitation resistance; Cold work deformation; Incubation periods; Incubation time; Ultrasonic cavitation; Vickers microhardness; Stainless steel,"Brennen C.E., Cavitation bubble collapse, Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, pp. 79-112, (1995); Duncan W., Turbine repair, Facilities Instructions, Standards & Techniques, pp. 1-65, (1989); Steel founders society of america, Supplement 8 High Alloy Data Sheets Corrosion Series. Steel Casting Handbook, pp. 1-93, (2004); Materials for propeller fabrication, Rules for Classification and Construction: Materials and Welding, pp. 1-30, (2009); Morrow S.J., Materials selection for seawater pumps, Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Pump Users Symposium, pp. 73-80, (2010); Francis R., Pumps and valves, Guides to Good Practice in Corrosion Control, pp. 1-11, (2000); Niederhofer P., Huth S., Cavitation erosion resistance of high interstitial CrMnCN austenitic stainless steels, Wear, 301, 1-2, pp. 457-466, (2013); Kim J.H., Na K.S., Kim G.G., Yoon C.S., Kim S.J., Effect of manganese on the cavitation erosion resistance of iron-chromium-carbon-silicon alloys for replacing cobalt-base Stellite, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 352, 1-3, pp. 85-89, (2006); Ribeiro H.O., Buschinelli A.J.A., Dutra J.C., DOliveira A.S.C.M., Resistência à erosão por cavitação de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos CrMnSiN depositados por PTA, Soldagem & Inspeção, 15, 2, pp. 121-129, (2010); Cruz J.R., Influência Do Boro Na Resistência À Cavitação de Revestimentos Processados Com Pós Atomizados e Com Misturas Mecânicas de Pós Elementares de Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-B, (2014); Mesa D.H., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Influence of cold-work on the cavitation erosion resistance and on the damage mechanisms in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels, Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 1372-1377, (2011); Mills D.J., Knutsen R.D., An Investigation of the tribological behaviour of a high-nitrogen Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 215, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (1998); Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 382, 1-2, pp. 378-386, (2004); Santa J.F., Blanco J.A., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Xiaojun Z., Procopiak L.A.J., Souza N.C., DOliveira A.S.C.M., Phase transformation during cavitation erosion of a Co stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 358, 1-2, pp. 199-204, (2003); Yabuki A., Noishiki K., Komori K., Matsumura M., The surface behavior of metallic materials during the incubation period of cavitation erosion, Hydraulic Failure Analysis: Fluids, Components, and System Effects. ASTM STP, 1339, pp. 357-369, (2001); Franco Junior A.R., Pintaude G., Sinatora A., Pinedo E.C., Tschiptschin A.P., The use of a vickers indenter in depth sensing indentation for measuring elastic modulus and vickers hardness, Materials Research, 7, 3, pp. 483-491, (2004)",,Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos,15161439,,,Mater. Res.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84989948275 ,Szala M.; Kamiński M.; Łatka Ł.; Nowakowska M.,"Szala, M. (56545535000); Kamiński, M. (56896761700); Łatka, Ł. (36661124200); Nowakowska, M. (58410474800)",56545535000; 56896761700; 36661124200; 58410474800,Cavitation Erosion and Wet Environment Tribological Behaviour of Al2O3–13% TiO2 Coatings Deposited via Different Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Parameters,2022,Acta Physica Polonica A,142,6,,733,740,7,1,10.12693/APhysPolA.142.733,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146053818&doi=10.12693%2fAPhysPolA.142.733&partnerID=40&md5=dfc3c6410359fed4c95ad3de88c07bec,"Atmospheric plasma spraying is an up-to-date and systematically developed technology. One of the crucial ideas is injecting the sprayed feedstock powder internally or externally into the plasma arc. The spraying parameters affect the microstructure and properties of the coating, which is decisive for the operation performance of coatings and specific machine components. This paper investigates the effect of atmospheric plasma spraying parameters, namely the feedstock injection mode and the spray distance, on cavitation erosion and wet environment tribological behaviour of Al2O3–13% TiO2 coatings. The internal and external injection spraying mode, constant spray velocity (500 mm/s), and two spray distances to the substrate, namely 80 mm and 100 mm, were employed. The microstructure, porosity and hardness of the deposited coatings were studied. Cavitation erosion resistance was estimated using the ASTM G32 method. The sliding wear resistance has been estimated in the distilled water environment using the ball-on-disc apparatus. The results indicate that the internal injection supports the cavitation erosion resistance and the aquatic sliding wear. The coating fabricated with the 80 mm spray distance using the internal method is characterized by the smallest wear and the highest anti-erosion performance. A shorter spraying distance indicates greater coatings uniformity, while the increasing distance reduces the hardness and porosity, which are beneficial for the performance of the coatings. The main wet sliding wear mechanism has been fatigue-induced material detachment, while the cavitation erosion mechanism depends on the brittle fracture resulting in material detachment and pitting. © 2022 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.",alumina–titania; cavitation erosion; microstructure; topics: tribology,Alumina; Aluminum oxide; Brittle fracture; Ceramic coatings; Erosion; Feedstocks; Hardness; Microstructure; Plasma jets; Plasma spraying; Porosity; Sprayed coatings; Titanium dioxide; Wear of materials; Wear resistance; Alumina - titania; Atmospheric plasma-spraying; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Feedstock powders; Performance; Sliding wear; Spray distances; Spraying parameters; Topic: tribology; Tribological behaviour; Tribology,"Kiilakoski J., Musalek R., Lukac F., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., J. Eur. Ceram. Soc, 38, (2018); Hejrani E., Sebold D., Nowak W.J., Mauer G., Naumenko D., Vassen R., Quadakkers W.J., Surf. Coat. Technol, 313, (2017); Szala M., Dudek A., Maruszczyk A., Walczak M., Chmiel J., Kowal M., Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, (2019); Latka L., Michalak M., Jonda E., Adv. Mater. Sci, 19, (2019); Michalak M., Toma F.-L., Latka L., Sokolowski P., Barbosa M., Ambroziak A., Materials, 13, (2020); Michalak M., Sokolowski P., Szala M., Walczak M., Latka L., Toma F.-L., Bjorklund S., Coatings, 11, (2021); Potthoff A., Kratzsch R., Barbosa M., Kulissa N., Kunze O., Toma F.-L., J. Therm. Spray Tech, 27, (2018); Latka L., Szala M., Macek W., Branco R., Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 14, (2020); Toma F.-L., Potthoff A., Berger L.-M., Leyens C., J. Therm. Spray Tech, 24, (2015); Goral A., Zorawski W., Litynska-Dobrzynska L., Mater. Charact, 96, (2014); Mehar S., Sapate S.G., Vashishtha N., Bagde P., Ceram. Int, 46, (2020); Oge M., Kucuk Y., Gok M.S., Karaoglanli A.C., Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol, 16, (2019); Kucuk Y., J. Asian Ceram. Soc, 9, (2021); Latka L., Michalak M., Szala M., Walczak M., Sokolowski P., Ambroziak A., Surf. Coat. Technol, 410, (2021); Matikainen V., Niemi K., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P., Coatings, 4, (2014); Kumar D., Murtaza Q., Walia R.S., Singh P., Surf. Topogr. Metrol. Prop, 10, (2022); Bagde P., Sapate S.G., Khatirkar R.K., Vashishtha N., Tribol. Int, 121, (2018); Jafarzadeh K., Valefi Z., Ghavidel B., Surf. Coat. Technol, 205, (2010); Szala M., Latka L., Awtoniuk M., Winnicki M., Michalak M., Processes, 8, (2020); Michalak M., Latka L., Sokolowski P., Niemiec A., Ambroziak A., Coatings, 10, (2020); Standard Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in Thermal Sprayed Coatings, (2010); Metallic and Other Inorganic Coatings — Vickers and Knoop Microhardness Tests, (2002); Latka L., Szala M., Michalak M., Palka T., Acta Phys. Pol. A, 136, (2019); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Zhou J., Sun K., Huang S., Cai W., Wei Y., Meng L., Hu Z., Li W., Coatings, 10, (2020); Szala M., Tribologia, 298, (2021); Szala M., Walczak M., Hejwowski T., Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J, 15, (2021); Szala M., Walczak M., Swietlicki A., Materials, 15, (2022); Nowakowska M., Latka L., Sokolowski P., Szala M., Toma F.-L., Walczak M., Wear, pp. 508-509, (2022)",,Polska Akademia Nauk,5874246,,ATPLB,Acta Phys Pol A,Article,Final,All Open Access; Bronze Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85146053818 ,Mottyll S.; Skoda R.,"Mottyll, Stephan (56159584100); Skoda, Romuald (56159904200)",56159584100; 56159904200,Numerical 3D flow simulation of ultrasonic horns with attached cavitation structures and assessment of flow aggressiveness and cavitation erosion sensitive wall zones,2016,Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,31,,,570,589,19,48,10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.01.025,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958212828&doi=10.1016%2fj.ultsonch.2016.01.025&partnerID=40&md5=4ad977ca4ac48cb675fe368e1e0dcf2b,"As a contribution to a better understanding of cavitation erosion mechanisms, a compressible inviscid finite volume flow solver with barotropic homogeneous liquid-vapor mixture cavitation model is applied to ultrasonic horn set-ups with and without stationary specimen, that exhibit attached cavitation at the horn tip. Void collapses and shock waves, which are closely related to cavitation erosion, are resolved. The computational results are compared to hydrophone, shadowgraphy and erosion test data. At the horn tip, vapor volume and topology, subharmonic oscillation frequency as well as the amplitude of propagating pressure waves are in good agreement with experimental data. For the evaluation of flow aggressiveness and the assessment of erosion sensitive wall zones, statistical analyses of wall loads and of the multiplicity of distinct collapses in wall-adjacent flow regions are applied to the horn tip and the stationary specimen. An a posteriori projection of load collectives, i.e. cumulative collapse rate vs. collapse pressure, onto a reference grid eliminates the grid dependency effectively for attached cavitation at the horn tip, whereas a significant grid dependency remains at the stationary specimen. The load collectives show an exponential decrease towards higher collapse pressures. Erosion sensitive wall zones are well predicted for both, horn tip and stationary specimen, and load profiles are in good qualitative agreement with measured topography profiles of eroded duplex stainless steel samples after long-term runs. For the considered amplitude and gap width according to ASTM G32-10 standard, the analysis of load collectives reveals that the distinctive erosive ring shape at the horn tip can be attributed to frequent breakdown and re-development of a small portion of the tip-attached cavity. This partial breakdown of the attached cavity repeats at each driving cycle and is associated with relatively moderate collapse peak pressures, whereas the stationary specimen is rather unfrequently stressed at the end of each subharmonic oscillation cycle by the violent collapse of the complete cavity. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.",Barotropic cavitation model; Cavitation erosion; CFD; Erosion sensitive wall zone; Load collective; Ultrasonic horn,Cavitation corrosion; Computational fluid dynamics; Erosion; Flow simulation; Shock waves; Cavitation model; Cavitation structure; Computational results; Duplex stainless steel; Homogeneous liquids; Propagating pressure waves; Subharmonic oscillations; Ultrasonic horn; accuracy; algorithm; Article; cavitation erosion; hydrodynamics; oscillation; priority journal; radiological parameters; shock wave; simulation; surface property; three dimensional imaging; ultrasound; validity; vapor; viscosity; Cavitation,"Harten A., High resolution schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws, J. 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Phys., 51, 9, pp. 4651-4658, (1980); Garcia-Atance Fatjo G., Torres Perez A., Hadfield M., Experimental study and analytical model of the cavitation ring region with small diameter ultrasonic horn, Ultrason. Sonochem., 17, pp. 73-79, (2010); Hattori S., Taruya K., Kikuta K., Tomaru H., Cavitation erosion of silver plated coating considering thermodynamic effect, Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on Cavitation, (2012); Mottyll S., Muller S., Niederhofer P., Hussong J., Huth S., Skoda R., Analysis of the cavitating flow induced by an ultrasonic horn - Numerical 3D simulation for the analysis of vapor structures and the assessment of erosion-sensitive areas, Eur. Phys. J. (EPJ) Web Conf., 67, (2014); Lee M.K., Hong S.M., Kim G.H., Rhee C.K., Kim W.W., Numerical correlation of the cavitation bubble collapse load and frequency with the pitting damage of flame quenched Cu-9Al-4.5Ni-4.5Fe alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. 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Part 2: Cell disruptors (ultrasonic horns) and cavity cluster collapse, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 7, 3, pp. 530-537, (2005); Birkin P.R., Offin D.G., Vian C.J.B., Leighton T.G., Multiple observations of cavitation cluster dynamics close to an ultrasonic horn tip, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 130, pp. 3379-3388, (2011); Schnerr G.H., Sauer J., Physical and numerical modelling of unsteady cavitation dynamics, Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Multiphase Flow (ICMF-2001), (2001); Zwart P.J., Gerber A.G., Belamri T., A two-phase flow model for predicting cavitation dynamics, Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Multiphase Flow, (2004); Colonius T., D'Auria F., Brennen C.E., Acoustic saturation in bubbly cavitating flow adjacent to an oscillating wall, Phys. Fluids, 12, 11, pp. 2752-2761, (2000); Mettin R., Luther S., Ohl C.D., Lauterborn W., Acoustic cavitation structures and simulations by a particle model, Ultrason. 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Mag., 34, pp. 94-98, (1917); Li Z.R., Assessment of Cavitation Erosion with A Multiphase Reynolds-averaged Navier-stokes Method, (2012); Dular M., Sirok B., Stoffel B., Experimental and numerical modelling of cavitation erosion, Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Cavitation, (2006); Fortes-Patella R., Reboud J.L., Briancon-Marjollet L., A phenomenological and numerical model for scaling the flow aggressiveness in cavitation erosion, Proc. EROCAV Workshop, (2004); Li Z.R., Pourquie M., Van Terwisga T., Assessment of cavitation erosion with a URANS method, J. Fluid. Eng., 136, 4, (2013); Schmidt S.J., Sezal I.H., Schnerr G.H., Thalhamer M., Shock waves as driving mechanism for cavitation erosion, Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Experimental and Computational Aerothermodynamics of Internal Flows, (2007); Hirsch C., Numerical Computation of Internal & External Flows, (1988); Schmidt S.J., Sezal I.H., Schnerr G.H., Compressible simulation of high-speed hydrodynamics with phase change, Proc. Europ. Conf. on Comp. Fluid Dynamics (ECCOMAS), (2006); Schmidt S.J., Sezal I.H., Schnerr G.H., Talhammer M., Riemann techniques for the simulation of compressible liquid flows with phase-transition at all Mach number - Shock and wave dynamics in cavitating 3-D micro and macro systems, Proc. 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit (AIAA), (2008); Schnerr G.H., Sezal I.H., Schmidt S.J., Numerical investigation of three-dimensional cloud cavitation with special emphasis on collapse induced shock dynamics, Phys. Fluids, 20, 4, (2008); Iben U., Modeling of cavitation, Syst. Anal. Model. Sim., 42, 9, pp. 1283-1307, (2002); Saurel R., Cocchi J.P., Butler P.B., A numerical study of cavitation in the wake of a hypervelocity underwater profile, J. Propul. Power, 15, 4, pp. 513-522, (1999); Mihatsch M.S., Schmidt S.J., Adams N.A., Cavitation erosion prediction based on analysis of flow dynamics and impact load spectra, Phys. Fluids, 27, 10, (2015); Skoda R., Iben U., Morozov A., Mihatsch M.S., Schmidt S.J., Adams N.A., Numerical simulation of collapse induced shock dynamics for the prediction of the geometry, pressure and temperature impact on the cavitation erosion in micro channels, Proc. 3rd Int. Cavitation Forum (WIMRC), (2011); Skoda R., Et al., Comparison of compressible explicit density-based and implicit pressure-based CFD methods for the simulation of cavitating flows, Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on Cavitation, (2012); Mihatsch M.S., Schmidt S.J., Thalhamer M., Adams N.A., Skoda R., Iben U., Collapse detection in compressible 3-D cavitating flows and assessment of erosion criteria, Proc. 3rd Int. Cavitation Forum (WIMRC), (2011); Mihatsch M.S., Schmidt S.J., Thalhamer M., Adams N.A., Numerical prediction of erosive collapse events in unsteady compressible cavitating flows, MARINE 2011, Vol. 29 of Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, pp. 187-198, (2013); Mihatsch M.S., Schmidt S.J., Thalhamer M., Adams N.A., Quantitative prediction of erosion aggressiveness through numerical simulation of 3-D unsteady cavitating flows, Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on Cavitation, (2012); Mottyll S., Et al., Investigation of the influence of the temporal convergence, spacial discretisation and geometry simplification for the numerical assessment of erosion-sensitive areas at an ultrasonic horn, Proc. DAGA, Oldenburg, Germany, (2014); Mottyll S., Skoda R., Numerical 3D flow simulation of attached cavitation structures at ultrasonic horn tips and statistical evaluation of flow aggressiveness via load collectives, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 656, (2015); Skoda R., Schilling R., Schobeiri T.M., Numerical simulation of the unsteady and transitional flow through a low-pressure turbine, Int. J. Rotating Mach., (2007); Deimel C., Et al., Numerical 3D simulation of the fluid-actuated valve motion in a positive displacement pump with resolution of the cavitation-induced shock dynamics, Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Computational Fluid Dynamics, (2014); Pohl F., Mottyll S., Skoda R., Huth S., Evaluation of cavitation-induced pressure loads applied to material surfaces by finite-element-assisted pit analysis and numerical investigation of the elasto-plastic deformation of metallic materials, Wear, 330-331, pp. 618-628, (2015); Hirt C.W., Amsden A.A., Cook J.L., An arbitrary lagrangian-eulerian computing method for all flow speeds, J. Comput. Phys., 135, pp. 203-216, (1997); Demirdzic I., Peric M., Space conservation law in finite volume calculations of fluid flow, Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 8, 9, pp. 1037-1050, (1988); Schmidt S.J., Thalhamer M., Schnerr G.H., Inertia controlled instability and small scale structures of sheet and cloud cavitation, Proc. 7th Int. Symp. on Cavitation, (2009); Wagner W., Kretzschmar H.-J., International Steam Tables: Properties of Water and Steam, Based on the Industrial Formulation IAPWS-IF97, (2008); Wallis G.B., One-dimensional Two-phase Flow, (1969); Schmidt S.J., Mihatsch M., Thalhamer M., Adams N.A., Assessment of the prediction capability of a thermodynamic cavitation model for the collapse characteristics of a vapor-bubble cloud, Proc. 3rd Int. Cavitation Forum (WIMRC), (2011); Schmidt S.J., Mihatsch M.S., Thalhamer M., Adams N.A., Assessment of erosion sensitive areas via compressible simulation of unsteady cavitating flows, Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, Vol. 106 of Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, pp. 329-344, (2014); Whitham G.B., Linear and Nonlinear Waves, (1974); Muller S., Fischper M., Mottyll S., Skoda R., Hussong J., Analysis of the cavitating flow induced by an ultrasonic horn - Experimental investigation on the influence of actuation phase, amplitude and geometrical boundary conditions, Eur. Phys. J. (EPJ) Web Conf., 67, (2014)",,Elsevier B.V.,13504177,,ULSOE,Ultrason. Sonochem.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84958212828 ,Tôn-Thât L.; Lacasse R.,"Tôn-Thât, L. (23502109200); Lacasse, R. (6701865355)",23502109200; 6701865355,Cavitation erosion - Corrosion behavior of some hydraulic turbine runner steels,2019,IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,240,6,62028,,,,0,10.1088/1755-1315/240/6/062028,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063957597&doi=10.1088%2f1755-1315%2f240%2f6%2f062028&partnerID=40&md5=499d313493e495f8d4384ef98bdf1ef0,"Cavitation erosion is still a phenomenon which causes severe damages to hydraulic turbine runners. A lot of effort has been deployed in the scientific community to understand the materials response to this kind of solicitation. Part of researches which are conducted at Research Institute of Hydro-Quebec are focused on determining the materials behavior laws. For this, the classical ASTM G32 standard is used. Mass losses are followed during the exposure time. Also degradation parameters i.e mean depth of erosion and erosion rate are determined. Furthermore, a lot of effort has gone into the determination of the evolution of surface damages in terms of pitting, surface cracking and material removal. For this, microscopy techniques have been used to link the microstructure to the material removal mechanisms. Furthermore, another part of the researches is focused on enlightening and quantifying the deleterious effect of the environment. In some cases, a synergistic effect can establish between cavitation erosion mechanisms and corrosion kinetics and increase the material degradation. In the present study the ultrasonic cavitation rig has been coupled with electrochemical techniques to determine the contribution of corrosion to this phenomenon in natural river freshwater. The electrochemical behavior of three commonly used materials in hydraulic turbine runners, ASTM A27, E309L and UNS S41500 are studied in condition of quiescence and also in cavitation conditions. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Corrosive effects; Erosion; Hydraulic motors; Hydraulic turbines; Microalloyed steel; Steel corrosion; Cavitation conditions; Cavitation erosion-corrosion; Degradation parameter; Electrochemical behaviors; Electrochemical techniques; Material removal mechanisms; Mean depth of erosions; Ultrasonic cavitation; Hydraulic machinery,"Vyas B., Preece C., Cavitation erosion of face centered cubic metals, Metallurgical Transactions A, 8, 6, pp. 915-923, (1977); Heathcock C., Protheroe B., Ball A., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, 2, pp. 311-327, (1982); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Zhang Q., Construction of database on cavitation erosion and analyses of carbon steel data, Wear, 257, 9-10, pp. 1022-1029, (2004); Ton-That L., Experimental comparison of cavitation erosion rates of different steels used in hydraulic turbines, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 12, (2010); Ton-That L., Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Cavitation, (2012); Santa J., Blanco J., Giraldo J., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra S.K., Cavitation erosion in hydraulic turbine components and mitigation by coatings, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, 7, pp. 1539-1551, (2011); Taillon G., Pougoum F., Lavigne S., Ton-That L., Schulz R., Bousser E., Savoie S., Martinu L., Klemberg-Sapieha J.E., Cavitation erosion mechanisms in stainless steels and in composite metal-ceramic HVOF coatings, Wear, 364-365, pp. 201-210, (2016); Mann B., Arya V., HVOF coating and surface treatment for enhancing droplet erosion resistance of steam turbine blades, Wear, 254, 7-8, pp. 652-667, (2003); Duraiselvam M., Galun R., Wesling V., Mordike B.L., Reiter R., Oligmuller J., Cavitation erosion resistance of AISI420 martensitic stainless steel laser-clad with nickel aluminide intermetallic composites and matrix composites with TiC reinforcement, Surf. Coat. Technol., 201, (2006); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergistic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of various engineering alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution, Mat. Sci. Eng. A, 290, 1-2, pp. 55-73, (2000); Wood R.J.K., Wharton J.A., Speyer A.J., Tan K.S., Investigation of erosion-corrosion processes using electrochemical noise measurements, Tribol. Int., 35, 10, pp. 631-641, (2002); Wood R.J.K., Erosion-corrosion interactions and their effect on marine and off-shore materials, Wear, 261, 9, pp. 1012-1023, (2006); Ton-That L., Cavitation erosion - Corrosion behaviour of ASTM A27 runner steel in natural river water, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 22, (2014); Al Hashem A., Cacere P.G., Abdullah A., Shalaby H.M., Cavitation Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steel in Seawater, Corrosion, 53, 2, (1997); Neville A., Reyes M., Hodghiess T., Gledhill A., Mechanisms of wear on a Co-base alloy in liquid-solid slurries, Wear, 238, 2, (2000)",,Institute of Physics Publishing,17551307,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85063957597 Bordeasu,Bordeasu I.; Popoviciu M.O.; Ghera C.; Micu L.M.; Pirvulescu L.D.; Bena T.,"Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Popoviciu, M.O. (23005846700); Ghera, C. (57038932100); Micu, L.M. (34880633700); Pirvulescu, L.D. (56273064200); Bena, T. (57193098582)",13409573100; 23005846700; 57038932100; 34880633700; 56273064200; 57193098582,The use of Rz roughness parameter for evaluation of materials behavior to cavitation erosion,2018,IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,294,1,12020,,,,4,10.1088/1757-899X/294/1/012020,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040982918&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f294%2f1%2f012020&partnerID=40&md5=d2b986f2182bf1729f2a92b0d0e68e34,"It is well known that the cavitation eroded surfaces have a porous appearance with a pronounced roughness. The cause is the pitting resulted from the impact with the micro jets as well as the shock waves both determined by the implosion of cavitation bubbles. The height and the shape of roughness is undoubtedly an expression of the resistance of the surface to the cavitation stresses. The paper put into evidence the possibility of using the roughness parameter Rz for estimating the material resistance to cavitation phenomena. For this purpose, the mean depth erosion penetration (MDE-parameter, recommended by the ASTM G32-2010 Standard) was compared with the roughness of three different materials (an annealed bronze, the same bronze subjected to quenching and an annealed alloyed steel), both measured at four cavitation erosion exposure (30, 75, 120 and 165 minutes). The roughness measurements were made in 18 different zones, disposed after two perpendicular diameters, along a measuring lengths of 4 mm. The results confirm the possibility of using the parameter Rz for estimating the cavitation erosion resistance of a material. The differences between the measured values of Rz and those of the characteristic parameter MDE are of the same order of magnitude as those obtained for MDE determination, using more samples of the same material. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Bronze; Cavitation; Erosion; Fighter aircraft; Shock waves; Surface resistance; Surface roughness; Alloyed steels; Cavitation bubble; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation stress; Material resistance; Materials behavior; Measured values; Roughness parameters; Parameter estimation,"Anton I., Cavitatia, 2, (1985); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalǎ A Materialelor, (2006); Popoviciu O.M., Bordeasu I., Tehnologia Fabricaţiei Sistemelor Hidraulice, (1998); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Ghera C., Salcianu L.C., Micu L.M., Podoleanu C.E., Cavitation erosion behavior of the steel 17CrNiMo6, Machine Design, 8, pp. 149-154, (2016); Jurchela A.D., Cercetǎri Asupa Eroziunii Produse Prin Cavitaţie Vibratorie la Oţelurile Inoxidabile Cu Conţinut Constant în Crom Şi Variabil de Nichel, (2012); Karabenciov A., Cercetǎri Asupra Eroziunii Produse Prin Cavitaţie Vibratorie la Oţelurile Inoxidabile Cu Conţinut Constant în Nichel Şi Variabil de Crom, (2013); Katona S.E., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalǎ A Oţelurilor Inoxidabile Cu Transformare Martensiticǎ Indirecta, (2017); Mitelea I., Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Cavitation erosion of sensitized UNS S31803 Duplex Stainless Steels, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25, 5, pp. 1939-1944, (2016); Oanca O., Tehnici de Optimizare A Rezistenţei la Eroziunea Prin Cavitaţie A Unor Aliaje CuAlNiFeMn Destinate Execuţiei Elicelor Navale, (2013); Mitelea I., Ghera C., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C.M., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel, International Journal of Materials Research, 106, 4, pp. 391-397, (2015); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Balasoiu V., Ghiban B., Tucu D., Chemical and mechanical aspects of the cavitation phenomena, Revista de Chimie, 58, pp. 1300-1304, (2007); Franc J.P., Kueny J.L., Karimi A., Fruman D.H., Frechou D., Brianson-Marjollet L., Billard J.Y., Belahadji B., Avellan F., Michel J.M., La Cavitation. Mécanismes Physiques et Aspects Industriels, (1995); Franc J.P., Riondet M., Karimi A., Chahine G.L., Material and velocity effects on cavitation erosion pitting, Wear, 274-275, pp. 248-259, (2012); Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Nystrom R.E., Correlation of cavitation damage with other material and fluid properties, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, ASTM, STP 408, (1960); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Pelle M., Craciunescu C.M., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of nodular cast iron with ferrite-pearlite microstructure, Ultrasonics Sonochemestry, 23, (2015); Thiruvengadam A., Preiser H.S., On Testing Materials for Cavitation Damage Resistence, (1963)",,Institute of Physics Publishing,17578981,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Bronze Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85040982918 ,Szala M.; Świetlicki A.; Sofińska-Chmiel W.,"Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Świetlicki, Aleksander (57224314207); Sofińska-Chmiel, Weronika (56154369600)",56545535000; 57224314207; 56154369600,Cavitation erosion of electrostatic spray polyester coatings with different surface finish,2021,Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences,69,4,e137519,,,,13,10.24425/bpasts.2021.137519,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85115115840&doi=10.24425%2fbpasts.2021.137519&partnerID=40&md5=d6c48e5904898fb913440efaad80ad35,"Polyester coatings are among the most commonly used types of powder paints and present a wide range of applications. Apart from its decorative values, polyester coating successfully prevents the substrate from environmental deterioration. This work investigates the cavitation erosion (CE) resistance of three commercial polyester coatings electrostatic spray onto AW-6060 aluminium alloy substrate. Effect of coatings repainting (single- and double-layer deposits) and effect of surface finish (matt, silk gloss and structural) on resistance to cavitation were comparatively studied. The following research methods were used: CE testing using ASTM G32 procedure, 3D profilometry evaluation, light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry and FTIR spectroscopy. Electrostatic spray coatings present higher CE resistance than aluminium alloy. The matt finish double-layer (M2) and single-layer silk gloss finish (S1) are the most resistant to CE. The structural paint showed the lowest resistance to cavitation wear which derives from the rougher surface finish. The CE mechanism of polyester coatings relies on the material brittle-ductile behaviour, cracks formation, lateral net-cracking growth and removal of chunk coating material and craters’ growth. Repainting does not harm the properties of the coatings. Therefore, it can be utilised to regenerate or smother the polyester coating finish along with improvement of their CE resistance. © 2021 The Author(s).",AW-6060 aluminium alloy; Cavitation erosion; Polyester powder coatings; Profilometry; Spectroscopy; Wear mechanism,Cavitation; Deterioration; Electrostatics; Erosion; Finishing; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Polyesters; Powder coatings; Profilometry; Scanning electron microscopy; Silk; Stripping (removal); Wear resistance; Cavitation erosion resistance; Electrostatic spray; Electrostatic spray coating; Environmental deterioration; FTIR spectroscopy; Light optical microscopies; Optical profilometry; Polyester coatings; Electrostatic coatings,"Kausar A., Review of fundamentals and applications of polyester nanocomposites filled with carbonaceous nanofillers, J. Plast. 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Technol, 22, 3, pp. 283-285, (1994); Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications, (2004)",,Polska Akademia Nauk,2397528,,,Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci.,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85115115840 ,Saenz-Betancourt C.C.; Rodríguez S.A.; Coronado J.J.,"Saenz-Betancourt, C.C. (57555440800); Rodríguez, S.A. (26425236600); Coronado, J.J. (14621581300)",57555440800; 26425236600; 14621581300,Effect of boronising on the cavitation erosion resistance of stainless steel used for hydromachinery applications,2022,Wear,498-499,,204330,,,,13,10.1016/j.wear.2022.204330,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127303134&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2022.204330&partnerID=40&md5=46e7bb3f3e189ca784baf50c680d32b6,"Erosive wear due to cavitation severely affects hydromachinery and consequently various sectors of industry, including hydroelectric plants. ASTM A743 CA6NM steel, which is typically used in hydromachinery, was boronised using the packing method at 950 °C for durations of 2, 6, and 8 h Fe2B and FeB phases were identified and characterised using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness tests. Under all of the boronising conditions, a surface FeB phase was obtained. Its hardness was 5.22 times that of the base material. The resistance to erosion due to cavitation was evaluated according to the ASTM G32 standard by exposure for 15 h to vibrations that induced cavitation. The boronising time influenced the resistance to cavitation. After boronising for 2, 6, and 8 h, the erosion rates were reduced by 72%, 57%, and 55%, respectively, compared to the erosion rate of untreated ASTM A743 CA6NM steel. According to scanning electron microscopy, the worn surfaces differed for non-boronised steel (ductile behaviour) and boronised steels (brittle behaviour) exhibiting micro-cracks, micro-pores, and detachment of the boride layers. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.",ASTM A743 CA6NM stainless Steel; Boronising; Cavitation erosion,Erosion; Scanning electron microscopy; Stainless steel; 950° C; ASTM a743 CA6NM stainless steel; Boronising; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Erosion rates; Erosive wear; Hydroelectric plant; Optical-; Packing method; X- ray diffractions; Cavitation,"Teran L.A., Roa C.V., Munoz-Cubillos J., Aponte R.D., Valdes J., Larrahondo F., Rodriguez S.A., Coronado J.J., Failure analysis of a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plant, Eng. Fail. Anal., 68, pp. 87-100, (2016); Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra S.K., Cavitation erosion in hydraulic turbine components and mitigation by coatings: current status and future needs, J. Mater. Eng. 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Mater., 573, pp. 61-67, (2013)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85127303134 Bordeasu,Mitelea I.; Ghera C.; Bordeaşu I.; Crǎciunescu C.,"Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Crǎciunescu, Corneliu (6603971254)",16309955100; 57038932100; 13409573100; 6603971254,Assessment of Cavitation Erosion of Gas-Nitrided Cr-Ni-Mo Steels,2018,Journal of Tribology,140,6,61601,,,,7,10.1115/1.4039133,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047445334&doi=10.1115%2f1.4039133&partnerID=40&md5=c457e41e0d57dacfccf60d50f499f302,"The effect of the gas-nitriding thermochemical treatment on the cavitation erosion resistance of a Cr-Ni-Mo alloy is analyzed using a piezoceramic vibrating equipment and following the ASTM G32-2010 standard. The evaluation of the cavitation erosion behavior was made based on the analysis of the mean depth of erosion (MDE) and mean depth of erosion rate (MDER), for samples subjected to the cavitation erosion for different times. The surface topography and the structural changes in the marginal layer were analyzed through optical and scanning electron microscopy. Following nitriding the cavitation erosion resistance was about 9.6 times higher compared to the annealed state and about 8.2 times higher compared to the hardened and tempered state. Copyright © 2018 by ASME.",alloyed steels; cavitation erosion; nitriding,Aluminum nitride; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chromium alloys; Erosion; Nickel alloys; Nitriding; Piezoelectric ceramics; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface topography; Ternary alloys; Alloyed steels; Annealed state; Cavitation erosion resistance; Gasnitriding; Mean depth of erosions; Piezoceramic; Thermochemical treatments; Vibrating equipment; Molybdenum alloys,"Espitia L.A., Toro A., Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components, Tribol. Inte., 43, 11, pp. 2037-2045, (2001); Huang W.H., Chen K.C., He J.L., A study on the cavitation resistance of ion-nitrided steel, Wear, 252, 5-6, pp. 459-466, (2002); Mesa D., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A., Improvement of the cavitation Erosion resistance of UNS S31803 stainless steel by duplex treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 205, 5, pp. 1552-1556, (2010); Mitelea I., Ghera C., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel, Int. J. Mater. Res., 106, 4, pp. 391-397, (2015); Ghera C., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Effect of heat treatment on the surfaces topography tested at the cavitation erosion from steel 16MnCr5, Adv. Mater. Res., 1111, pp. 85-90, (2015); Ghera C., Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Craciunescu C., Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of a low alloyed steel 16MnCr5 through work hardening, METAL: 24th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, pp. 661-666, (2015); Godoy G.C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Housden J., Avelar-Batista Wilson J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and PAPVD Cr1-xNx coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 1045 steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, 18-19, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Han S., Lin J.H., Kuo J.J., He J.L., Shih H.C., The cavitation-erosion phenomenon of chromium nitride coatings deposited using cathodic arc plasma deposition on steel, Surf. Coatings Technol., 161, 1, pp. 20-25, (2002); Cheng F.T., Shi P., Man H.C., Cavitation erosion resistance of heat-treated NiTi, Mater. Sci. Eng., A339, 1-2, pp. 312-317, (2003); Man H.C., Zhang S., Yue T.M., Cheng F., Laser surface alloying of NiCrSiB on Al6061 aluminum alloy, Surf. Coatings Technol., 148, 2-3, pp. 136-142, (2001); Tomlinson W.J., Talks M.G., Laser surface processing and the cavitation erosion of a 16 Wt% Cr white cast iron, Wear, 139, 2, pp. 269-284, (1990); Chang J.T., Yeh C.H., He J.L., Chen K.C., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behavior of Ni-Al intermetallic coatings, Wear, 255, 1-6, pp. 162-169, (2003); Zhou K.S., Herman H., Cavitation Erosion of titanium and Ti36A134V: Effects of nitriding, Wear, 80, 1, pp. 101-113, (1982); Da Silva F.J., Marinho R.R., Paes M., Franco S.D., Cavitation erosion behavior of ion-nitrided 34CrAlNi7 steel with different microstructures, Wear, 304, 1-2, pp. 183-190, (2013); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Chahine G., Franc J.-P., Karimi A., Laboratory testing methods of cavitation, Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, pp. 21-35, (2014); Yamaguchi A., Kazama T., Inoue K., Onoue J., Comparison of cavitation erosion test results between vibratory and cavitating jet methods, Int. J. Fluid Power, 2, 1, pp. 25-30, (2001); Steller J., Giren B., International Cavitation Erosion Test, (2015)",,American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),7424787,,,J. Tribol.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85047445334 ,Santos L.L.; Cardoso R.P.; Brunatto S.F.,"Santos, L.L. (57216758308); Cardoso, R.P. (7005401302); Brunatto, S.F. (55954250400)",57216758308; 7005401302; 55954250400,Direct correlation between martensitic transformation and incubation-acceleration transition in solution-treated AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel cavitation,2020,Wear,462-463,,203522,,,,19,10.1016/j.wear.2020.203522,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094855328&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2020.203522&partnerID=40&md5=19edfaa37fc2a07a1548897bc0a4e978,"This work shows in details how the γ→α′(ε) (austenite (γ), martensite (α′, ε)) strain-induced martensitic transformation affects the cavitation erosion behavior of the solution-treated AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. For this purpose, mirror-polished surface samples initially presenting ~93 vol% γ + ~7 vol% α′ were subjected to cavitation erosion testing according to ASTM G32-10, being carefully characterized by X-ray diffraction and hardness measurements at the tested surfaces. Under cavitation, the studied steel surface showed total γ→α′ transformation fraction of ~89 vol% (which supposedly is directly related to the needed ~4 vol% expansion for the transformation), with no effective mass loss for 180 min testing time, clearly defining the transition from the incubation period (IP) to the acceleration stage of the cavitation testing. For this transformation condition, initially presenting remaining ~11 vol% γ fraction, successive material removal steps and XRD analysis were carried out aiming at determining the actual depth at which this cavitation-related transformation takes place into the steel austenitic matrix. In this case, ~57 μm depth was found when XRD patterns before testing (leading to ~93 vol% γ results) were obtained. Finally, the variation of the average γ→α′ transformation rate along all IP presented a maximum level of ~0.60% min−1 between 60-120 min, which is attributed to the great difference on the mechanical properties of the γ and α′ phases, whose volume fractions continuously change at the surface under cavitation, thus affecting the evolution of the referred surface transformation. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion behavior; Incubation-acceleration transition; Solution-treated AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel; α′- and ε-martensite; γ→α′(ε) strain-induced martensitic transformation,Austenitic transformations; Cavitation; Erosion; Gamma rays; Linear transformations; Martensite; Martensitic transformations; Optical testing; Surface testing; X ray diffraction; Austenitic matrix; Hardness measurement; Incubation periods; Material removal; Polished surfaces; Strain induced martensitic transformation; Surface transformations; Transformation rates; Austenitic stainless steel,"Tropea C., Yarin A.L., Foss J.F., Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics, (2008); Hammitt F.G., Bhatt N.R., Cavitation Damage Resistance of Hardened Steels, pp. 1-36, (1970); Brunton J.H., Fyall A.A., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Rain Erosion and Associated Phenomena, 821, (1970); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, Int. 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(57211580027); Walczak, M. (26435581200); Chmiel, J. (23090308000); Kowal, M. (57193064963)",56545535000; 35366127100; 57211580027; 26435581200; 23090308000; 57193064963,"Effect of atmospheric plasma sprayed TiO2–10% NiAl cermet coating thickness on cavitation erosion, sliding and abrasive wear resistance",2019,Acta Physica Polonica A,136,2,,335,341,6,26,10.12693/APhysPolA.136.335,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074464251&doi=10.12693%2fAPhysPolA.136.335&partnerID=40&md5=03652b816fc4a5ce87d37e77bf272e9f,"Atmospheric plasma spray (APS) wear-resistant coatings are popular in mechanical designing for increasing the operation time of machine elements. APS enables the deposition of ceramic, metallic, and cermet coatings to ameliorate the effects of wear that cause most of the failures of machine elements. The aim of the paper was to investigate the influence of the coating thickness of TiO2–10 wt% NiAl on abrasive, sliding, and cavitation erosion resistance. Titania based coatings were deposited by means of APS onto a mild steel substrate using TiO2–10 wt% NiAl feedstock material. The coatings had thicknesses of approximately 50, 100, and 200 µm. The morphology and microstructure of the coatings were examined using a light optical microscope (LOM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The as-deposited surface topography and hardness of the coatings were determined. The porosity and thickness were evaluated by using quantities image analysis software. Cavitation erosion tests were performed according to ASTM G32 (vibratory apparatus) and ASTM G134 (cavitating liquid jet). Abrasive and sliding wear tests were conducted using a three body abrasive tester and ball-on-disc apparatus, respectively. Generally the thickest coating presents an increase in resistance to sliding wear and cavitation erosion over the thinnest cermet coating. © 2019 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.",,Abrasion; Aluminum alloys; Binary alloys; Cavitation; Cermets; Coatings; Erosion; Plasma diagnostics; Plasma jets; Scanning electron microscopy; Thickness measurement; Titanium alloys; Titanium dioxide; Topography; Wear resistance; Atmospheric plasma spray; Cavitating liquid jet; Cavitation erosion resistance; Feedstock materials; Image analysis software; Mechanical designing; Mild steel substrates; Wear-resistant coating; Plasma spraying,"Sokolowski P., Nylen P., Musalek R., Latka L., Kozerski S., Dietrich D., Lampke T., Pawlowski L., Surf. Coat. Technol., 318, (2017); Berkath Ali Khan A., Anil Kumar C.C., Suresh M., Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., 3, (2014); Davis J.R., Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, (2004); Atmospheric Plasma Spray, (2018); Latka L., Cattini A., Pawlowski L., Valette S., Pateyron B., Lecompte J.P., Kumar R., Denoir-Jean A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 208, (2012); Jiang S.Y., Xie H.J., Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. 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(36101465300)",57220765585; 57216458274; 36101465300,Cavitation behavior of various microstructures made from a C–Mn eutectoid steel,2021,Wear,486-487,,204056,,,,6,10.1016/j.wear.2021.204056,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114152178&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2021.204056&partnerID=40&md5=70d55e2597092418b0b5e722b0adfc88,"The present work analyses the cavitation behavior of steel samples with pearlitic, bainitic, martensitic, and tempered martensitic microstructures, made from an eutectoid rail steel with the help of suitable heat treatments. The cavitation erosion tests of the steel samples were performed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using a vibratory device as per ASTM-G32-16. The cavitation erosion resistance of pearlitic, tempered martensitic, and bainitic steel was found to be 1.69, 2.42, and 2.80 times higher than that of the martensitic steel, respectively. Furthermore, the resistance of the heat-treated steels against cavitation erosion increases with the increase in the average of the normalized residual strain and maximum shear strength. Micro-mechanism of cavitation depends on the way the propagating sound waves generated after bursting of the fluid bubbles interacts with the microstructural constituents of the different microstructures. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.",Bainite; Cavitation erosion; Martensite; Pearlite; Steel; Tempered martensite,Acoustic wave propagation; Bainite; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Martensite; Martensitic stainless steel; Martensitic transformations; Microstructure; Sodium chloride; Wear resistance; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Erosion test; Martensitic microstructure; Martensitics; NaCl solution; Rail steel; Steel samples; Tempered martensite; Vibratory devices; Work analysis; Pearlite,"d'Agostino L., Salvetti M.V., Cavitation Instabilities and Rotordynamic Effects in Turbopumps and Hydroturbines: Turbopump and Inducer Cavitation, Experiments and Design, 575, (2017); Kim K.H., Chahine G., Franc J.P., karimi A., Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, 106, (2014); Characterization and Determination of Erosion Resistance, (1970); Laguna-Camacho J.R., Lewis R., Vite-Torres M., Mendez-Mendez J.V., A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301, pp. 467-476, (2013); Young F.R., Cavitation, Imp. 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Technol., 123, pp. 133-145, (2002)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85114152178 Bordeasu,Mutașcu D.P.; Mitelea I.; Bordeașu I.; Uțu I.-D.; Crăciunescu C.M.,"Mutașcu, Daniel Paul (57215884439); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeașu, Ilare (13409573100); Uțu, Ion-Dragoș (6508248410); Crăciunescu, Corneliu Marius (6603971254)",57215884439; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6508248410; 6603971254,CAVITATION RESISTANT LAYERS FROM CORODUR 65 ALLOY DEPOSITED BY TIG WELDING ON DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL,2021,"METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,508,513,5,0,10.37904/metal.2021.4135,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124351330&doi=10.37904%2fmetal.2021.4135&partnerID=40&md5=fbbf162eff7d163c1b89131e72a08f38,"The CORODUR 65 alloy delivered in the form of flux-cored wire electrode was deposited by TIG welding process on the surface of a duplex stainless steel in order to improve the cavitation erosion resistance of the technical components which are working in aggressive environments. Cavitation tests were performed using ultrasonic vibrating equipment that meets the requirements of the ASTM G32 - 2010 standard. The microstructure of the deposited layers consisted of complex carbides in a hardened alloy matrix with Cr solid solution which provides a high hardness and a significant increase of the cavitation erosion resistance compared to the base metal. © 2021 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.",Alloy Corodur 65; Cavitation resistance; Microstructure; TIG welding,Carbides; Cavitation; Erosion; Gas metal arc welding; Gas welding; Inert gas welding; Metallic matrix composites; Metals; Microstructure; Aggressive environment; Alloy corodur 65; Cavitation resistance; Cavitation-erosion resistance; Deposited layer; Flux-cored wire; TIG welding process; TIG-welding; Vibrating equipment; Wire electrode; Alloys,"BORDEASU I., Monografia Laboratorului de cercetare a eroziunii prin cavitatie al Universitatii Politehnica Timisoara (1960-2021), (2020); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus; PATRASCOIU C., New analytical cavitation erosion models, WREAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS, 7, 8, pp. 528-537, (2008); FRANC J.P., KUENY J.L., KARIMI A., FRUMAN D.H., FRECHOU D., BRIANCON-MARJOLLET L., BILLARD J.Y., BELAHADJI B., AVELLAN F., MICHEL J.M., La cavitation. Mécanismes physiques et aspects industriels, (1995); BENA T., Influența microstructurii asupra rezistenței la eroziune prin cavitație a fontelor cu grafit nodular, (2019); SHAHROOZI A., AFSARI A., KHAKAN B., Microstructure and mechanical properties investigation of stellite 6 and Stellite 6/TiC coating on ASTM A105 steel produced by TIG welding process, Surface & Coatings Technology, 350, pp. 648-658, (2018); BROWNLIE F., ANENE C., HODGKIESS T., PEARSON A., GALLOWAY M.A., Comparison of Hot Wire TIG Stellite 6 weld cladding and lost wax cast Stellite 6 under corrosive wear conditions, Wear, 404-405, pp. 71-81, (2018); MADADI F., ASHRAFIZADEH F., SHAMANIAN M., Optimization of pulsed TIG cladding process of stellite alloy on carbon steel using RSM, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 510, pp. 71-77, (2012); CORODUR® 65; MITELEA I, BORDEASU I., MICU L.M., CRACIUNESCU C.M., Microstructure and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of the X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 Duplex Stainless Steel Subjected to Laser Nitriding, Revista de Chimie, 68, 12, pp. 2992-2996, (2017)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729499-4,,"METAL - Anniv. Int. Conf. Met. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85124351330 ,Gottardi G.; Tocci M.; Montesano L.; Pola A.,"Gottardi, Gianmaria (56684733400); Tocci, Marialaura (55797597700); Montesano, Lorenzo (36806747600); Pola, Annalisa (8616888900)",56684733400; 55797597700; 36806747600; 8616888900,Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging,2018,Wear,394-395,,,1,10,9,25,10.1016/j.wear.2017.10.009,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031752637&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2017.10.009&partnerID=40&md5=60fea860699b5a81defd697473bc6146,"Aluminium alloys are commonly used for the production of components, such as cylinders, pistons, pumps, valves and combustion chambers, which in service may incur in cavitation phenomenon. In the present paper, the cavitation erosion resistance of an innovative light-alloy used for Hybrid Aluminium Forging was investigated. The material was tested by means of an ultrasonic vibratory device in compliance with ASTM G32. In order to better estimate the material behaviour, the same investigation was performed on two commercial alloys, 6061 wrought alloy and A356 casting alloy. The cavitation resistance of these materials was evaluated by determining the erosion rate from the progressive measurements of the samples mass loss during the test. The erosion mechanism was studied by means of optical and scanning electron microscope, and its correlation with the alloy hardness and microstructure was evaluated. The innovative alloy shows remarkable cavitation erosion resistance, particularly in heat-treated conditions. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion; Electron microscopy; Hardness; Non-ferrous metals; Optical microscopy,Aluminum; Cavitation corrosion; Combustion chambers; Electron microscopy; Engines; Erosion; Forging; Hardness; Heat resistance; Optical correlation; Optical microscopy; Scanning electron microscopy; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation phenomenon; Cavitation resistance; Commercial alloys; Erosion mechanisms; Heat treated condition; Material behaviour; Vibratory devices; Cavitation,"Davis J.R., Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, pp. 1-24, (1999); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion of face centered cubic metals, Metall. Trans. A, 8A, pp. 915-923, (1977); Thiruvengadam A., A comparative evaluation of cavitation damage test devices, (1964); Jayaprakash A., Choi J.-K., Chahine G.L., Martin F., Donnelly M., Franc J.-P., Karimi A., Scaling study of cavitation pitting from cavitating jets and ultrasonic horns, Wear, 296, pp. 619-629, (2012); Vaidya S., Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion of age-hardenable aluminum alloys, Metall. Trans. A, 9A, pp. 299-307, (1978); Li X.Y., Yan Y.G., Ma L., Xu Z.M., Li J.G., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behavior of copper-manganese-aluminum alloy weldment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A – Struct., 382, 1-2, pp. 82-89, (2004); Feller H.G., Kharrazi Y., Cavitation erosion of metals and alloys, Wear, 93, pp. 249-260, (1984); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Wade E.H.R., Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion of iron and steel, Metall. Trans. 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A-Struct., 382, 1-2, pp. 378-386, (2004); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Leung L.K., Effect of temperature, pH and sulphide on the cavitation erosion behavior of super duplex stainless steel, Wear, 211, 1, pp. 84-93, (1997); Ariely S., Khentov A., Erosion corrosion of pump impeller of cyclic cooling water system, Eng. Fail. Anal., 13, pp. 925-932, (2006); Trethewey K.R., Haley T.J., Clark C.C., Effect of ultrasonically induced cavitation on corrosion behaviour of a copper-manganese-aluminium alloy, Br. Corros. J., 23, pp. 55-60, (1988); Rao B.C.S., Buckley D.H., Deformation and erosion of F.C.C. metals and alloys under cavitation attack, Mater. Sci. Eng., 67, 1, pp. 55-67, (1984); Tang C.H., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of a copper-based propeller alloy by laser surface melting, Surf. Coat. Technol., 182, pp. 300-307, (2004); Hucinska J., Glowacka M., Cavitation erosion of copper and copper-based alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 32, 6, pp. 1325-1333, (2001); Wu S.K., Lin H.C., Yeh C.H., A comparison of the cavitation erosion resistance of TiNi alloys, SUS304 stainless steel and Ni-based self-fluxing alloy, Wear, 244, pp. 85-93, (2000); Neville A., McDougall B.A.B., Erosion and cavitation corrosion of titanium and its alloys, Wear, 250, pp. 726-735, (2001); Mochizuki H., Yokota M., Hattori S., Effects of materials and solution temperatures on cavitation erosion of pure titanium and titanium alloy in seawater, Wear, 262, pp. 522-528, (2007); Davis J.R., pp. 159-105, (1994); Lee S.J., Kim K.H., Kim S.J., Surface analysis of Al-Mg alloy series for ship after cavitation test, Surf. 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Int., 26, pp. 421-429, (1993); Franc J.P., Riondet M., Karimi A., Chahine G.L., Material and velocity effects on cavitation erosion pitting, Wear, 274-275, pp. 248-259, (2012); Choi J.K., Jayaprakash A., Chahine G.L., Scaling of cavitation erosion progression with cavitation intensity and cavitation source, Wear, 278-279, pp. 53-61, (2012); Kaufman J.G., Rooy E.L., Alloy groupings by application or major characteristic, Aluminum Alloy Castings: Properties, Processes, and Applications, pp. 17-20, (2004); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., Cavitation erosion of aluminium alloys, J. Mater. 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Lett., 13, 3, pp. 170-173, (1994); Cosic M., Dojcinovic M., Acimovic-Pavlovic Z., Fabrication and behaviour of Al-Si/SiC composite in cavitation conditions, Int. J. Cast. Metal. Res., 27, 1, pp. 49-55, (2014); Ye H., An overview of the development of Al-Si alloy based material for engine applications, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 12, pp. 288-297, (2003); Polmear I.J., Light Alloys: from Traditional Alloys to Nanocrystals, pp. 205-235, (2005); Campbell J., Castings, pp. 267-305, (2003); Zhao W., Zhang L., Wang Z., Yan H., Study on defects of A356 aluminum alloy wheel, Adv. Mat. Res., 189-193, pp. 3862-3865, (2011); Ghomashchi M.R., Vikhrov A., Squeeze casting: an overview, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 101, pp. 1-9, (2000); Park C., Kim S., Kwon Y., Lee Y., Lee J., Mechanical and corrosion properties of rheocast and low-pressure cast A356-T6 alloy, Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct., 391, 1-2, pp. 86-94, (2005); Wang S., Cai C., Zheng K., Qi W., Production of A356 aluminum alloy wheels by thixo-forging combined with a low superheat casting process, China Foundry, 10, 5, pp. 299-303, (2013); Tocci M., Pola A., La Vecchia G.M., Modigell M., Characterization of a new aluminium alloy for the production of wheels by Hybrid Aluminium Forging, Procedia Eng., 109, pp. 303-311, (2015); Kim K.H., Chahine G., Franc J.P., Karimi A., Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, pp. 21-35, (2014); Tocci M., Pola A., Raza L., Armellin L., Afeltra U., Optimization of heat treatment parameters for a nonconventional Al-Si-Mg alloy with Cr addition by DoE method, La Metall. Ital., 6, pp. 141-144, (2016); Tocci M., Donnini R., Angella G., Pola A., Effect of Cr and Mn addition and heat treatment on AlSi3Mg casting alloy, Mater. Charact., 123, pp. 75-82, (2017); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, Int. Mater. Rev., 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Taylor J.A., Iron-containing intermetallic phases in Al-Si based casting alloys, Procedia Mater. Sci., 1, pp. 19-33, (2012); Mondolfo L.F., Aluminum Alloys. Structure and Properties, (1976)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85031752637 ,Choi J.-K.; Jayaprakash A.; Chahine G.L.,"Choi, Jin-Keun (7501394411); Jayaprakash, Arvind (55734348426); Chahine, Georges L. (7005740699)",7501394411; 55734348426; 7005740699,Scaling of cavitation erosion progression with cavitation intensity and cavitation source,2012,Wear,278-279,,,53,61,8,64,10.1016/j.wear.2012.01.008,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862780155&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2012.01.008&partnerID=40&md5=eb989d7126d28ca90fa40f3ab6c2bddd,"A simple mathematical expression is presented to describe cavitation mean depth of erosion versus time for cavitating jets and ultrasonic cavitation. Following normalization with a characteristic time, t *, which occurs at 75% of the time of maximum rate of erosion, and a corresponding material characteristic mean erosion depth, h *, the normalized erosion depth is related to the normalized time by h̄=1-e-t̄2+e-1t̄1.2. This was obtained by conducting systematic erosion progression tests on several materials and varying erosion field intensities. Both a modified ASTM-G32 method and Dynaflow's cavitating jets techniques were used and the jet pressures were varied between 1000 and 7000psi. The characteristic parameters were obtained for the different configurations and the correlation was found to be very good, exceeding an R 2 of 0.988 for all cases. Relationships between these parameters and the jet pressure were obtained and resemble familiar trends presented in the literature for mass loss. The study allowed a comparative evaluation and ranking of the various materials with the two accelerated erosion testing methods used. While several materials ranked the same way with the different erosion intensities and testing method, the relative ranking of erosion resistance of some materials was seen to be dependent on the cavitation intensity. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion; Erosion modeling; Erosion testing; Non-ferrous metals; Steel,Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Materials; Materials testing; Steel; Cavitating jet; Cavitation intensity; Characteristic parameter; Characteristic time; Comparative evaluations; Dynaflow; Erosion depth; Erosion intensity; Erosion modeling; Erosion resistance; Erosion testing; Field intensity; Jet pressures; Mass loss; Material characteristics; Mathematical expressions; Mean depth of erosions; Relative rankings; Testing method; Ultrasonic cavitation; Cavitation,"Thiruvengadam A., (1974); Eisenberg P., Preiser H.S., Thiruvengadam A., On the mechanisms of cavitation damage and methods of protection, Trans. Soc. Nav. Archit. Mar. Eng., 73, pp. 241-286, (1965); Dominguez Cortazar M.A., Cavermod L., (1992); Reboud J.L., (1987); Pereira F., Avellan F., Dupont P., Prediction of cavitation erosion: an energy approach, J. Fluids Eng., 120, pp. 719-727, (1998); March P.A., Evaluating the relative resistance of materials to cavitation erosion: a comparison of cavitating jet results and vibratory results, Proc. Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Forum, (1987); Soyama H., Lichtarowicz A., Momma T., Williams E.J., A new calibration method for dynamically loaded transducers and its application to cavitation impact measurement, J. Fluids Eng., 120, pp. 712-718, (1998); Hattori S., Takinami M., Tomoaki O., Comparison of cavitation erosion rate with liquid impingement erosion rate, 7th Int. Symposium on Cavitation, CAV2009, (2009); Ahmed S.M., Hokkirigawa K., Ito Y., Oba R., Scanning electron microscopy observation on the incubation period of vibratory cavitation erosion, Wear, 142, pp. 303-314, (1991); Bregliozzi G., Di Schino A., Ahmed S.I.-U., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behavior of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Dular M., Coutier-Delgosha O., Numerical modeling of cavitation erosion, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, 61, pp. 1388-1410, (2009); Soyama H., Futakawa M., Homma K., Estimation of pitting damage induced by cavitation impacts, J. Nucl. Mater., 343, 1-3, pp. 116-122, (2005); Fortes Patella R., Reboud J., Archer A., Cavitation damage measurement by 3D laser profilometry, Wear, 246, pp. 59-67, (2000); Franc J.-P., Incubation time and cavitation erosion rate of work-hardening materials, J. Fluids Eng., 131, (2009); Billet M., The special committee on cavitation erosion on propellers and appendages on high powered/high speed ships, 24th International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC), Vol. III, (2005); Grekula M., Bark G., Experimental study of cavitation in a Kaplan model turbine, 4th Int. Symposium on Cavitation, CAV2001, (2001); Farhat M., Bourdon P., Extending repair intervals of hydro turbines by mitigating cavitation erosion, CEA Electricity '98 Conference and Exposition, (1998); Farhat M., Bourdon P., Lavigne P., Simoneau R., The hydrodynamic aggressiveness of cavitating flows in hydro turbines, ASME Fluids Eng. Div. Summer Meeting, FEDSM'97, (1997); Guideline for Prediction and Evaluation of Cavitation Erosion in Pumps, (2010); Hammitt F.G., Chao C., Kling C.L., Mitchell T.M., Rogers D.O., Round-robin test with vibratory cavitation and liquid impact facilities of 6061-T 6511 aluminum alloy, 316 stainless steel and commercially pure nickel, materials research and standards, ASTM, 10, pp. 16-36, (1970); Chao C., Hammitt F.G., Kling C.L., ASTM Round-Robin Test with Vibratory Cavitation and Liquid Impact Facilities of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy, (1968); Light K.H., Development of a Cavitation Erosion Resistant Advanced Material System, M.S. Thesis, Mechanical Eng., University of Maine, (2005); Dominguez-Cortazar M.A., Franc J.P., Michel J.M., The erosive axial collapse of a cavitating vortex: an experimental study, J. Fluids Eng., 119, pp. 686-691, (1997); Hammitt F.G., Damage to solids caused by cavitation, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, Math. Phys. Sci., 260, 1110, pp. 245-255, (1966); Escaler X., Avellan F., Egusquiza E., Cavitation erosion prediction from inferred forces using material resistance data, 4th Int. Symposium on Cavitation, CAV2001, (2001); Baker J.S., Cavitation Resistant Properties of Coating Systems Tested on a Venturi Cavitation Testing Machine, (1994); Momma T., Lichtarowicz A., A study of pressures and erosion produced by collapsing cavitation, Wear, PART 2, pp. 425-436, (1995); Chahine G.L., Courbiere P., Noise and erosion of self-resonating cavitating jets, J. Fluids Eng., 109, pp. 429-435, (1987); Lee M.K., Kim W.W., Rhee C.K., Lee W.J., Liquid impact erosion mechanism and theoretical impact stress analysis in TiN-coated stream turbine blade materials, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 30 A, pp. 961-968, (1999); Pfitsch W., Gowing S., Fry D., Donnelly M., Jessup S., Development of measurement techniques for studying propeller erosion damage in severe wake fields, Proc. 7th Int. Symposium on Cavitation, CAV2009, (2009); Annual Book of ASTM Standards - Section 3 Material Test Methods and Analytical Procedures, (2010); Meged Y., Modeling of the initial stage in vibratory cavitation erosion tests by use of a Weibull distribution, Wear, 253, pp. 914-923, (2002); Franc J.-P., Riondet M., Karimi A., Chahine G.L., Material and velocity effects on cavitation erosion pitting, Wear, pp. 248-259, (2012); Morch K.A., Dynamics of cavitation bubbles and cavitating liquids, Treatise Mater. Sci. Technol., 16, pp. 309-355, (1979); Blake J.R., Taib B.B., Doherty G., Transient cavities near boundaries. Part I. Rigid boundary, J. Fluid Mech., 170, pp. 479-497, (1986); Zhang H., Duncan J., Chahine G.L., The final stage of the collapse of a cavitation bubble near a rigid wall, J. Fluid Mech., 257, pp. 147-181, (1993); Chahine G.L., Perdue T.O., Simulation of the three-dimensional behavior of an unsteady large bubble near a structure, drops and bubbles, Third International Colloquium, pp. 188-199, (1988); Collins S., Williams P., Low-temperature colossal supersaturation, Adv. Mater. Process., pp. 32-33, (2006); Franc J.-P., Riondet M., Karimi A., Chahine G.L., Impact load measurements in an erosive cavitation flow, J. Fluid Eng., 133, (2011)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,All Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84862780155 ,Basu S.; Sinnar A.M.; Bohlander G.S.,"Basu, S. (57198655013); Sinnar, A.M. (6505631024); Bohlander, G.S. (6602368742)",57198655013; 6505631024; 6602368742,MEASUREMENT OF CAVITATION RESISTANCE OF ORGANIC MARINE COATINGS.,1984,,,,,85,98,13,3,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021593421&partnerID=40&md5=801c75d90405b64df6f6c6c2c9f14060,This paper describes in detail the development of a new measurement technique for cavitation resistance using a combination of the accelerated cavitation test method (ASTM G32-72 modified to test coated plates) and an acoustic emission monitoring system. The new technique is based on theoretical models which correlate acoustic emission signal properties to measurable cavitation parameters. The experimental procedure which involves the monitoring of acoustic signals generated during cavitation is described.,,CAVITATION CORROSION; PROTECTIVE COATINGS - Testing; SHIPS - Protective Coatings; ACOUSTIC EMISSION TECHNIQUE; EPOXY COATINGS; HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES; POLYURETHANE COATINGS; NAVAL VESSELS,,,Cambridge Univ Press,,521264200,,,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-0021593421 ,Will C.R.; Capra A.R.; Pukasiewicz A.G.M.; da Chandelier J.G.; Paredes R.S.C.,"Will, Cristhian Ramos (36142602600); Capra, Andre Ricardo (57197640078); Pukasiewicz, Anderson Geraldo Marenda (6504614452); da Chandelier, Joceli Guia (55135921300); Paredes, Ramon Sigifredo Cortes (6507167715)",36142602600; 57197640078; 6504614452; 55135921300; 6507167715,Comparative study of three austenitic alloy with cobalt resistant to cavitation deposited by plasma welding,2012,Welding International,26,2,,96,103,7,4,10.1080/09507116.2010.527487,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858823232&doi=10.1080%2f09507116.2010.527487&partnerID=40&md5=91a363ef036debe4ba6a76c597bfb96a,"The necessity to reduce time and maintenance costs in electrical energy generation turbines promotes the development of new materials and processes to recover cavitated areas. Nowadays, different automated welding process have been studied, mainly plasma-transferred arc welding (PTA) in substitution of fluxed core arc welding (FCAW). The PTA process presents as its main advantages: low dilution, a narrow heat-affected zone and excellent arc stability; however, few cavitation resistant alloys are developed for this process. This paper aims to compare three cobalt cavitation resistant alloys deposited with the PTA process. The first alloy is a cobalt stainless steel alloy developed for the FCAW process, the second is a cobalt stainless steel alloy developed for the PTA process and the third is a national developed stainless steel alloy with cobalt. The samples were analysed by optical and electronic microscopy, microhardness and accelerated cavitation testing, ASTM G32-95. Results show that a refined austenitic microstructure was observed in all samples. The commercial alloys, developed for PTA welding, presented a better arc stability and lower quantity of defects. The national alloy demonstrated good results during deposition while the FCAW alloy presented better cavitation resistance. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",cavitation; cobalt; plasma welding; stainless steel,Cavitation; Cobalt; Electric arc welding; Plasma welding; Stainless steel; Arc stability; Austenitic alloys; Austenitic microstructure; Cavitation resistance; Commercial alloys; Comparative studies; Electrical energy; Electronic microscopy; Maintenance cost; Materials and process; Welding process; Alloys,"Rebello J.M., Huhne H., Resistance to cavitation of welded coatings, Weld Mater, (1991); Lambert P., Simoneau M., Dicksom J.I., Cavitation erosion and deformation mechanisms of Ni and Co austenitic stainless steels, (1987); Zylla I.M., Hougardy H.P., Cavitation behaviour of a mestastable Cr-Mn-Austenite, Steel Res, 65, 4, pp. 132-137, (1994); Boccanera L., Barra S.R., Buschinelli A.J., Influence of surface finishing, porosity and dilution on cavitation resistance of welded coatings, (1998); Ahmed S.M., Hokkirigawa K., SEM observation of the cavitation-fracture mode during the incubation period and the small roughness effect, JSME Int J Ser II, 34, 3, (1991); Marques P.V., Welding technology, (1991); Diaz V.M.V., Influence of plasma welding parameters and variables on welding characteristics with emphasis on the analysis of keyhole opening and closing [Masters Dissertation], (1999); Machado I.G., Welding and assoc. techniques: Processes, (1996); AWS, V.2 - ""Welding Process"", (1991); Micro indentation hardness of materials; Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus; Xiaojin Z., Effect of surface modification processes on cavitation erosion resistance [Doctorate Thesis], Curitiba: PIPE - Post-Graduate Programme in Engineering, (2002); Ribeiro H.O., Development of alloys for coatings via PTA resistant to cavitation [Doctorate Thesis], Florianopolis: Post-Graduate Programme in Science and Materials Engineering, (2007); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Houdsen J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and PAPVD Cr 1 - xN x coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 1045 steel, Surface Coatings Technol, 200, 18-19, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Bregliozzi G., Di Schino A., Ahmed S.I.-U., Kenny J.M., Haeke H., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, 104, pp. 503-510, (2005); Xiaojun Z., Procopiak L.A.J., Souza N.C., D'Oliveira A.S.C.M., Phase transformation during cavitation erosion of a co-stainless steel, Mater Sci Eng, 358 A, pp. 199-204, (2003)",,,17542138,,,Weld. Int.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84858823232 ,Espitia L.A.; Toro A.,"Espitia, L.A. (26538490500); Toro, A. (7005592124)",26538490500; 7005592124,"Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components",2010,Tribology International,43,11,,2037,2045,8,63,10.1016/j.triboint.2010.05.009,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956182076&doi=10.1016%2fj.triboint.2010.05.009&partnerID=40&md5=c94693b950e4fca4bed1e4bf2db57efb,"The cavitation resistance of a stainless steel and two flame thermal spray coatings was tested in laboratory according to ASTM G32 standard. The timevariation curves of cumulative volume loss, erosion rate and roughness parameters were related to the microstructure of the samples and to the wear mechanisms. Pores, unmelted particles and other microstructure defects prevented the coatings from showing an incubation period during the tests, while the stainless steel exhibited the expected incubation, acceleration and maximum rate stages. In the stainless steel, a correlation between the transition from incubation to acceleration stage and the Rsm/Rq and R y/Rq ratios was established. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.",Cavitation stages; Microstructure; Roughness parameters; Stainless steel,Cavitation; Coatings; Corrosion resistant alloys; Flame resistance; Microstructure; Surface topography; Tribology; Cavitation resistance; Erosion rates; Hydraulic components; Incubation periods; Microstructure defects; Roughness parameters; Thermal spray coatings; Time variations; Unmelted particles; Volume loss; Wear mechanisms; Stainless steel,"Tullis J.P., Tullis B.P., Hydraulics of pipe systems, The CRC Handbook of Mechanical Engineering, (2005); Escaler X., Egusquiza E., Farhat M., Avellan F., Coussirat M., Detection of cavitation in hydraulic turbines, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 20, pp. 983-1007, (2006); Bernecki T., Surface science, Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, (2004); Kushner B., Novinski E., Thermal spray coatings, ASM Handbook Vol 18: Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology, (1992); Pawlowski L., The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings, (1995); Yuping W., Pinghua L., Chenglin C., Zehua W., Ming C., Junhua H., Cavitation erosion characteristics of a FeCrSiBMn coating fabricated by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray, Materials Letters, 61, pp. 1867-1872, (2007); Escaler X., Farhat M., Avellan F., Egusquiza E., Cavitation erosion test on a 2D hydrofoil using surface-mounted obstacles, Wear, 254, pp. 441-449, (2003); Sugiyama K., Nakahama S., Hattori S., Nakano K., Slurry wear and cavitation erosion of thermal-sprayed cermets, Wear, 258, pp. 768-775, (2005); Hammitt F.G., Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Phenomena, (1980); Wantang F., Yangzeng Z., Xiaokui H., Resistance of a high nitrogen austenitic steel to cavitation erosion, Wear, 249, pp. 788-791, (2001); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Ball A., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, pp. 311-327, (1982); Stella J., Schller E., Hessing C., Hamed O.A., Pohl M., Stver D., Cavitation erosion of plasma-sprayed NiTi coatings, Wear, 60, pp. 1020-1027, (2006); Kim J.H., Na K.S., Kim G.G., Yoon C.S., Kim S.J., Effect of manganese on the cavitation erosion resistance of ironchromiumcarbonsilicon alloys for replacing cobalt-base stellite, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 352, pp. 85-89, (2006); Duraiselvam M., Galun R., Wesling V., Mordike B., Reiter R., Oligmller J., Cavitation erosion resistance of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel laser-clad with nickel aluminide intermetallic composites and matrix composites with TiC reinforcement, Surface and Coatings Technology, 201, pp. 1289-1295, (2006); Cuppari M.G., Di V., Souza R.M., Sinatora A., Effect of hard second phase on cavitation erosion of FeCrNiC alloys, Wear, 258, pp. 596-603, (2005); Pohl M., Stella J., Quantitative CLSM roughness study on early cavitation-erosion damage, Wear, 252, pp. 501-511, (2002); Chiu K.Y., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Evolution of surface roughness of some metallic materials in cavitation erosion, Ultrasonics, 43, pp. 713-716, (2005); Santa J.F., Espitia L.A., Blanco J.A., Romo S.A., Toro A., Slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of thermal spray coatings, Wear, 267, pp. 160-167, (2009)",,,0301679X,,TRBIB,Tribol Int,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-77956182076 Bordeasu,Mânzânǎ M.-E.; Ghiban B.; Bordeaşu I.; Ghiban N.; Marin M.; Miculescu F.,"Mânzânǎ, Mǎdǎlina-Elena (37088979000); Ghiban, Brânduşa (23501106400); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Ghiban, Nicolae (24343287800); Marin, Mihai (58133260600); Miculescu, Florin (22941378800)",37088979000; 23501106400; 13409573100; 24343287800; 58133260600; 22941378800,Structural analysis of steels by cavitation erosion,2014,Key Engineering Materials,583,,,28,31,3,1,10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.583.28,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885895416&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fKEM.583.28&partnerID=40&md5=8c9134296e63ef983ca8d02b2ecf2ed3,"Cavitation is an important factor in many areas of science and engineering, including acoustics, chemistry and hydraulics. In this paper the authors analyze the structural analysis of cavitation damages in two steel. The cavitation erosion tests were carried out in a magnetostrictive facility, in Timisoara Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory, in according with ASTM G32-85, using as cavitant liquid drink water at 20 ± 1°C. After quantitative and qualitative investigations structural features were put in evidence on experimental steel. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",Cavitation erosion; Hypoeutectoid steel; Scanning electron microscope,Biomedical equipment; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Hydraulic machinery; Scanning electron microscopy; Structural analysis; Tissue engineering; Cavitation damage; Hypoeutectoid steel; Science and engineering; Structural feature; Cavitation,"Ghiban N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Manzana M.-E., Macrostructural analysis of cavitation for various ferrous materials, Metalurgia International, pp. 65-68, (2011); Ghiban B., Manzana M.-E., Bordeasu I., Ghiban N., Marin M., Miculescu M., Cavitation behaviour of martensitic stainless steels, Scientific Bulletin the ""Politehnica"" University of Timisoara, pp. 59-62, (2010); ASM Handbook Corrosion, 13, (1987); Gorla Rama S.R., Turbomachinery, Design and Theory, (2003); Leng Y., Materials Characterization, Introduction to Microscopic and Spectroscopic Methods, (2008); Michler G.H., Electron Microscopy of Polymers, (2008)",,Trans Tech Publications Ltd,10139826,978-303785866-0,KEMAE,Key Eng Mat,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84885895416 Bordeasu,Bordeasu I.; Popoviciu M.O.; Mitelea I.; Ghiban B.; Ghiban N.; Sava M.; Duma S.T.; Badarau R.,"Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Popoviciu, M.O. (23005846700); Mitelea, I. (16309955100); Ghiban, B. (23501106400); Ghiban, N. (24343287800); Sava, M. (55892762900); Duma, S.T. (55956171600); Badarau, R. (36195475000)",13409573100; 23005846700; 16309955100; 23501106400; 24343287800; 55892762900; 55956171600; 36195475000,Correlations between mechanical properties and cavitation erosion resistance for stainless steels with 12% Chromium and variable contents of Nickel,2014,IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,57,1,12006,,,,6,10.1088/1757-899X/57/1/012006,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902211316&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f57%2f1%2f012006&partnerID=40&md5=8c3300cf7710b2eb8dc153de4efc6ec7,"The running time of hydraulic machineries in cavitation conditions, especially blades and runners, depend on both chemical composition and mechanical properties of the used steels. The researches of the present paper have as goal to obtain new materials with improved behavior and reduced costs. There are given cavitation erosion results upon eight cast steels with martensite as principal structural constituent. The chromium content was maintained constant at approximate 12% but the nickel content was largely modified. The change of chemical content resulted in various proportions of austenite, martensite and ferrite and also in different cavitation erosion behavior. From the eight tested steels four have greater carbon content (approximately 0.1%) and the other four less carbon content (approximate 0.036%). All steels were tested separately in two laboratory facilities: T1 with magnetostrictive nickel tube (vibration amplitude 94 μm, vibration frequency 7000 ± 3% Hz, specimen diameter 14 mm and generator power 500 W) and T2 is respecting the ASTM G32-2010 Standard (vibration amplitude 50μm, vibration frequency 20000 ± 1% Hz, specimen diameter 15.8 mm and generator power 500 W). Analyzing the results it can be seen that the cavitation erosion is correlated with the mechanical properties in the way shown in 1960 by Hammitt and Garcia but is influenced by the structural constituents.",,AC generators; Carbon; Chromium; Hydraulic machinery; Martensite; Nickel; Cavitation conditions; Cavitation erosion resistance; Chemical compositions; Chromium contents; Laboratory facilities; Variable content; Vibration amplitude; Vibration frequency; Mechanical properties,"Anton I., Cavitatia, 1, (1984); Anton I., Cavitatia, 2, (1985); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţional A Materialelor, (2006); Franc J.P., La Cavitation. Mecanismes Phisiques et Aspects Industriels, (1995); Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Nystrom R.E., Correlation of Cavitation Damage with Other Material and Fluid Properties, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, (1960); Jurchela A., Cercetri Asupa Eroziunii Produs Prin Cavitaţie Vibratorie la Oţelurile Inoxidabile Cu Continut Constant în Crom Si Variabil în Nichel, (2012); Mitelea I., Studiul Metalelor, (1983)",,Institute of Physics Publishing,17578981,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Bronze Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84902211316 ,Tôn-Thât L.,"Tôn-Thât, L. (23502109200)",23502109200,Cavitation erosion - Corrosion behaviour of ASTM A27 runner steel in natural river water,2014,IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,22,,52021,,,,3,10.1088/1755-1315/22/5/052021,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919665411&doi=10.1088%2f1755-1315%2f22%2f5%2f052021&partnerID=40&md5=6c23900c6940b0cb6d473a3c8da5b8d4,"Cavitation erosion is still one of the most important degradation modes in hydraulic turbine runners. Part of researches in this field focuses on finding new materials, coatings and surface treatments to improve the resistance properties of runners to this phenomenon. However, only few studies are focused on the deleterious effect of the environment. Actually, in some cases a synergistic effect between cavitation erosion mechanisms and corrosion kinetics can establish and increase erosion rate. In the present study, the cavitation erosion-corrosion behaviour of ASTM A27 steel in natural river water is investigated. This paper state the approach which has been used to enlighten the synergy between both phenomena. For this, a 20 kHz vibratory test according ASTM G32 standard is coupled to an electrochemical cell to be able to follow the different corrosion parameters during the tests to get evidence of the damaging mechanism. Moreover, mass losses have been followed during the exposure time. The classical degradation parameters (cumulative weight loss and erosion rate) are determined. Furthermore, a particular effort has been implemented to determine the evolution of surface damages in terms of pitting, surface cracking, material removal and surface corrosion. For this, scanning electron microscopy has been used to link the microstructure to the material removal mechanisms. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Elagatis; Cavitation; Corrosion resistance; Corrosive effects; Hydraulic machinery; Hydraulic motors; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface defects; Water resources; Cavitation erosion-corrosion; Corrosion kinetics; Corrosion parameters; Damaging mechanism; Degradation parameter; Deleterious effects; Material removal mechanisms; Resistance properties; cavitation; corrosion; degradation; electrochemical method; erosion rate; river water; turbine; Erosion,"Vyas B., Preece C., Cavitation Erosion Face Centered Cubic Metals Metallurgical Transactions, 8, 6, pp. 915-923, (1977); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Zhang Q., Construction of Database Cavitation Erosion Analyses Carbon Steel Data Wear, 257, 9-10, pp. 1022-1029, (2004); Heathcock C., Protheroe B., Ball A., Cavitation Erosion Stainless Steels Wear, 81, 2, pp. 311-327, (1982); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of Cavitation Erosion Database Analysis Stainless Steel Data Wear, 268, 1-2, pp. 109-116, (2010); Santa J., Blanco J., Giraldo J., Toro A., Cavitation Erosion Martensitic Austenitic Stainless Steel Welded Coatings Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Ton-That L., (2010); Ton-That L., (2012); Heathcock C., Ball A., Protheroe B., Cavitation erosion of cobalt-based stellite® alloys cemented carbides and surface-treated low alloy steels, Wear, 74, 1, pp. 11-26, (1981); Hattori S., Mikami N., Cavitation erosion resistance of stellite alloy weld overlays, Wear, 267, 11, pp. 1954-1960, (2009); Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra S.K., (2010); Wood R.J.K., Wharton J.A., Speyer A.J., Tan K.S., Investigation Erosion-corrosion Processes Using Electrochemical Noise Measurements Tribol Int, 35, pp. 631-641, (2002); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergistic Effect of Cavitation Erosion Corrosion Various Engineering Alloys 3.5% NaCl Solution Mat Sci Eng, 290, pp. 55-73, (2000); ASTM International, (2013); ASTM International, (2010)",Guibault F.; Turgeon M.; Desy N.; Deschenes C.; Giroux A.-M.; Page M.,Institute of Physics Publishing,17551307,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84919665411 ,Mann B.S.,"Mann, B.S. (7101666871)",7101666871,Water droplet and cavitation erosion behavior of laser-treated stainless steel and titanium alloy: Their similarities,2013,Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,22,12,,3647,3656,9,14,10.1007/s11665-013-0660-6,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891037428&doi=10.1007%2fs11665-013-0660-6&partnerID=40&md5=106e4bfbc9484ddd55560bc2f248bfb5,"This article deals with water droplet and cavitation erosion behavior of diode laser-treated X10CrNiMoV1222 stainless steel and Ti6Al4V alloy. After laser surface treatment, the water droplet and cavitation erosion resistance (WDER and CER) of these materials improved significantly. The main reason for the improvement is the increased surface hardness and formation of fine-grained microstructures after laser surface treatment. It is observed that there is a similarity in both the phenomena. The WDER and CER can be correlated with a single mechanical property based on modified ultimate resilience (MUR) provided the laser-treated layers are free from microcracks and interface defects. The CER and WDER behavior of HPDL-treated X10CrNiMoV1222 stainless steel and Ti6Al4V alloy samples using different test equipment as per ASTM G32-2003 and ASTM G73-1978, their correlation with MUR, their damage mechanism compared on the basis of XRD analyses, optical and scanning electron micrographs are discussed and reported in this article. © 2013 ASM International.",cavitation erosion; diode laser; Ti6Al4V alloy; water droplet erosion; X10CrNiMoV1222 stainless steel,Alloys; Cavitation corrosion; Equipment testing; Mechanical properties; Optical correlation; Scanning electron microscopy; Semiconductor lasers; Surface treatment; Cavitation erosion resistance; Damage mechanism; Fine-grained microstructure; Interface defects; Laser surface treatment; Scanning electron micrographs; Ti-6Al-4V alloy; Water droplets; Drops,"Lesser M., Thirty Years of Liquid Impact Research: A Tutorial Review, Wear, 186-187, pp. 28-34, (1995); Field J.E., Dear J.P., Ogren J.E., The Effects of Target Compliance on Liquid Drop Impact, J. Appl. Phys., 65, pp. 540-553, (1989); Lesser M.B., Field J.E., The Impact of Compressible Liquids, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 15, pp. 97-122, (1983); Field J.E., ELSI conference: Invited lecture liquid impact: Theory, experiment, applications, Wear, 233-235, pp. 1-12, (1999); Adler W.F., Erosion: Prevention and Useful Applications, ASTM STP 664, (1979); Field J.E., Camusa J.J., Tinguely M., Obreschkowc D., Farhat M., Cavitation in Impacted Drops and Jets and the Effect on Erosion Damage Thresholds, Wear, 290-291, pp. 154-160, (2012); Robinson J.M., Reed R.C., Water Droplet Erosion of Laser Surface Treated Ti-6Al-4V, Wear, 186-187, pp. 360-367, (1995); Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Cavitation Damage and Correlations with Material and Fluid Properties, J. Basic Eng., 89, 4, pp. 753-763, (1967); Mann B.S., Arya V., Joshi P., Advanced high-velocity oxygen-fuel coating and candidate materials for protecting LP steam turbine blades against droplet erosion, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 14, 4, pp. 487-494, (2005); Mann B.S., Boronizing of cast martensitic chromium nickel stainless steel and its abrasion and cavitation-erosion behaviour, Wear, 208, 1-2, pp. 125-131, (1997); Mann B.S., Arya V., Pant B.K., Agrawal M., High-Power Diode Laser Surface Treatment to Minimize Droplet Erosion of Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Moving Blades, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 18, 7, pp. 990-998, (2009); Mann B.S., Arya V., Pant B.K., Enhanced Erosion Protection of TWAS Coated Ti6Al4V Alloy Using Boride Bond Coat and Subsequent Laser Treatment, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 20, 6, pp. 932-940, (2011); Mann B.S., Arya V., Pant B.K., Influence of Laser Power on the Hardening of Ti6Al4V Low Pressure Steam Turbine Blade Material for Enhancing the Water Droplet Erosion Resistance, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 20, 2, pp. 213-218, (2011); Pant B.K., Arya V., Mann B.S., Enhanced Droplet Erosion Resistance of Laser Treated Nano Structured TWAS and Plasma Ion-Nitro Carburized Coatings for High Rating Steam Turbine Components, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 19, pp. 884-892, (2010); Mann B.S., High-Power Diode Laser Treated HP-HVOF and Twin Wire Arc Sprayed Coatings for Fossil Fuel Power Plants, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 22, 8, pp. 2191-2200, (2013); Mann B.S., Arya V., Pant B.K., High Power Diode Laser Surface Treated HVOF Coating to Combat High Energy Particle Impact Wear, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 22, 7, pp. 1995-2004, (2013); Mann B.S., Arya V., Pant B.K., Cavitation Erosion Behaviour of HPDL-Treated TWAS Coated Ti6Al4V Alloy and Its Similarity with Water Droplet Erosion, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, 6, pp. 849-853, (2012); Mann B.S., Laser Treatment of Textured X20Cr13 Stainless Steel to Improve Water Droplet Erosion Resistance of LPST Blades and LP Bypass Valves, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., (2013); Lisiecki A., Klimpel A., Diode Laser Surface Modification of Ti6Al4V Alloy to Improve Erosion Wear Resistance, J. Achiev. Mater. Sci. Eng., 32, 1, pp. 5-12, (2008); Oka Y.I., Miyata H., Erosion Behaviour of Ceramic Bulk and Coating Materials Caused by Water Droplet Impingement, Wear, 267, pp. 1804-1810, (2009); Ahmad M., Casey M., Surken N., Experimental Assessment of Droplet Impact Erosion Resistance of Steam Turbine Blade Materials, Wear, 267, pp. 1605-1618, (2009); Cheng F.T., Lo K.H., Man H.C., NiTi cladding on stainless steel by TIG surfacing process Part I. Cavitation erosion behavior, Surface and Coatings Technology, 172, 2-3, pp. 308-315, (2003); Cheng F.T., Lo K.H., Man H.C., NiTi cladding on stainless steel by TIG surfacing process Part II. Corrosion behavior, Surface and Coatings Technology, 172, 2-3, pp. 316-321, (2003); Lo K.H., Cheng F.T., Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of AISI 316 stainless steel by laser surface alloying using fine WC powder, Surface and Coatings Technology, 165, 3, pp. 258-267, (2003); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Laser-fabricated Fe-Ni-Co-Cr-B austenitic alloy on steels. Part I. Microstructures and cavitation erosion behaviour, Surface and Coatings Technology, 145, 1-3, pp. 194-205, (2001); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Laser-fabricated Fe-Ni-Co-Cr-B austenitic alloy on steels. Part II. Corrosion behaviour and corrosion-erosion synergism, Surface and Coatings Technology, 145, 1-3, pp. 206-214, (2001); Duraiselvam M., Galun R., Siegmann S., Wesling V., Mordike B.L., Liquid impact erosion characteristics of martensitic stainless steel laser clad with Ni-based intermetallic composites and matrix composites, Wear, 261, 10, pp. 1140-1149, (2006); Brunton J.H., Rochester M.C., Erosion of Solid Surfaces by the Impact of Liquid Drops, Erosion, pp. 185-248, (1979); Oka Y.I., Mihara S., Miyata H., Effective parameters for erosion caused by water droplet impingement and applications to surface treatment technology, Wear, 263, 1-6 SPEC. ISS., pp. 386-394, (2007); Hattori S., Takinami M., Comparison of Cavitation Erosion Rate with Liquid Impingement Erosion Rate, Wear, 269, pp. 310-316, (2010); Hand R.J., Field J.E., Liquid Impact on Toughened Glasses, Eng. Fract. Mech., 37, 2, pp. 293-311, (1990); Steller J., International cavitation erosion test and quantitative assessment of material resistance to cavitation, Wear, 233-235, pp. 51-64, (1999); Adler W.F., The Mechanisms of Liquid Impact, Erosion, pp. 127-184, (1979); Heymann F.J., On Shock Wave Velocity and Impact Pressure in High Speed Liquid-Solid Impact, Trans. ASME J. Basic Eng., 90, pp. 400-402, (1968); Hiking R., Transient, High-Pressure Solidification Associated with Cavitation in Water, Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, pp. 2853-2856, (1994)",,,15441024,,JMEPE,J Mater Eng Perform,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84891037428 ,Lin C.J.; Chen K.C.; He J.L.,"Lin, C.J. (56110376800); Chen, K.C. (9637475400); He, J.L. (7404983777)",56110376800; 9637475400; 7404983777,The cavitation erosion behavior of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coating,2006,Wear,261,11-Dec,,1390,1396,6,95,10.1016/j.wear.2006.03.054,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750941179&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2006.03.054&partnerID=40&md5=51171d226f65bd7656c7b02ae7f1654c,"Although electroless Ni-P-SiC is a well known industrial coating used for wear resistance, there appears to be little information pertaining to its effectiveness to resist cavitation erosion. In this study, electroless Ni-P composite coatings are formed on AISI 1045 steel through the addition of nano- and micro-scale SiC particles to the plating bath. The influence of a post-heat treatment on both the conventional electroless Ni-P and composite coatings is examined. The cavitation erosion test is carried out on stationary specimens in accordance with the ASTM G32-98 standard. It is found that the best cavitation erosion resistance, in either distilled water or a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, is achieved through both the incorporation of nano-SiC particles and the application of a post-heat treatment. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cavitation erosion; Composite coating; Electroless; Ni-P-nano-SiC,Cavitation corrosion; Electroless plating; Heat treatment; Steel; Wear resistance; Cavitation corrosion; Heat treatment; Steel; Wear resistance; Composite coatings; Erosion resistance; Plating bath; Electroless plating,"Brennen C.E., Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, (1995); Kwork C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 290, pp. 145-154, (2000); Vyas B., Preec C.M., J. Appl. Phys., 47, pp. 5133-5138, (1976); Munsterer S., Kohlhof K., Surf. Coat. Technol., 74-75, pp. 642-647, (1995); Chang J.T., Yeh C.H., He J.L., Chen K.C., Wear, 255, 1-6, pp. 162-169, (2003); Iwai Y., Okada T., Fujieda T., Wear, 128, pp. 189-200, (1988); Huang W.H., Chen K.C., He J.L., Wear, 252, 5-6, pp. 459-466, (2002); Han S., Lin J.H., Kuo J.J., He J.L., Shih H.C., Surf. Coat. Technol., 161, 1, pp. 20-25, (2002); Giren B.G., Szkodo M., Steller J., Wear, 258, pp. 614-622, (2005); Lo K.H., Cheng F.T., Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Mater. Lett., 58, pp. 88-93, (2003); Sugiyama K., Nakahama S., Hattori S., Nakano K., Wear, 258, pp. 758-775, (2005); Lima M.M., Godoy C., Modenesi P.J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Davison A., Mattews A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 177-178, pp. 489-496, (2004); Apachitei I., Tichelaar F.D., Duszczyk J., Katgerman L., Surf. Coat. Technol., 149, pp. 263-278, (2002); Park S.H., Lee D.N., J. Mater. Sci., 23, pp. 1643-1654, (1988); Kumar P.S., Nair P.K., J. Mater. Process. Technol., 56, pp. 511-520, (1996); Lin C.J., He J.L., Wear, 259, pp. 154-159, (2005); Reidel W., Electroless Nickel, (1991); Moonir-Vaghefi S.M., Saatchi A., Hedjazi J., Z. Metallkd., 88, pp. 498-501, (1997)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-33750941179 ,Garzón C.M.; Thomas H.; Dos Santos J.F.; Tschiptschin A.P.,"Garzón, Carlos Mario (6603041619); Thomas, Hébert (8666293100); Dos Santos, Jose Francisco (8666293200); Tschiptschin, André Paulo (7004251372)",6603041619; 8666293100; 8666293200; 7004251372,Cavitation erosion resistance of a high temperature gas nitrided duplex stainless steel in substitute ocean water,2005,Wear,259,01-Jun,,145,153,8,34,10.1016/j.wear.2005.02.005,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23044516714&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2005.02.005&partnerID=40&md5=65ea860eb9e0cfa7873cc1c69a1a215e,"The cavitation erosion (CE) resistance of a high temperature gas nitrided (HTGN) UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel (DSS), in substitute ocean water, was evaluated. The CE tests were performed in a vibratory cavitation testing equipment according to ASTM G32-92. For comparison purposes, solution treated samples of the same DSS, as well as of an austenitic UNS S30403 stainless steel (SS), were also studied. After high temperature gas nitriding (HTGN), the duplex stainless steel showed an austenitic surface layer, containing high nitrogen content in solid solution. Five sets of specimens with similar (0.8 wt%) nitrogen contents at the surface, but different grain diameters and increasing texture intensities, were investigated. Three sets of samples with similar grain size and texture but increasing nitrogen contents, between 0.65 and 1.15 wt%, were also studied. The CE mass loss rate of the nitrided samples decreased from 8 to 23 times as compared to the DSS solution treated samples. It was observed that the CE mass loss rate decreased with decreasing grain size, increasing the texture components sharpness or with increasing nitrogen content. The HTGN treatment allowed obtaining samples with CE resistance similar to the cobalt base Ireca and Stellite hard facing alloys. The results of CE tests were analyzed taking into account the major damaging mechanisms, which were examined by scanning electron microscopy observations of eroded surfaces. © 2005 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion; High nitrogen steels; High temperature gas nitriding; Stainless steels,corrosion resistance; nitriding; Cavitation; Erosion; Grain size and shape; Nitrogen; Oceanography; Scanning electron microscopy; Solid solutions; Water; Wear resistance; Cavitation erosion (CE) resistance; Duplex stainless steel (DSS); Ocean water; Vibratory cavitation testing equipment; Stainless steel,"Berns H., Eul U., Heitz E., Juse R., Corrosion behaviour of solution nitrided stainless steels, Mater. Sci. Forum, 318-320, pp. 517-522, (1999); Kamachi U., Ningshen S., Tyagi A., Dayal R., Influence of metallurgical and chemical variables on the pitting corrosion behaviour of nitrogen-bearing austenitic stainless steels, Mater. Sci. Forum, 318-320, pp. 495-502, (1999); Hanninen H., Corrosion properties of HNS, Mater. Sci. Forum, 318-320, pp. 479-488, (1999); Gavriljuk V.G., Nitrogen in iron and steel, ISIJ Int., 36, pp. 738-745, (1996); Tervo J., Wear properties of HNS, Mater. Sci. Forum, 318-320, pp. 743-750, (1999); Tschiptschin A.P., Toro A., Surface properties of HNS, HNS 2003 - High Nitrogen Steels, pp. 229-240, (2003); Diener M., Speidel M., Fatigue and corrosion fatigue of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, HNS 2003 - High Nitrogen Steels, pp. 211-216, (2003); Gavriljuk V.G., Berns H., High Nitrogen Steels, (1999); Hanninen H., Romu J., Ilola R., Tervo J., Laitinen A., Effects of the processing and manufacturing of high nitrogen-containing stainless steels on their mechanical, corrosion and wear properties, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 117, pp. 424-430, (2001); Fu W.T., Zheng Y.Z., He X.K., Resistance of a high nitrogen austenitic steel to cavitation erosion, Wear, 249, pp. 788-791, (2001); Mills D., Knutsen R., An investigation of the tribological behaviour of a high-nitrogen Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 215, pp. 83-90, (1998); Dos Santos J.F., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an austenitic AISI 304L stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A Struct., 382, pp. 378-386, (2004); Berns H., Bouwman J.W., Eul U., Izaguirre J., Juse R., Niederau H., Tavernier G., Zieschang R., Solution nitriding of stainless steels for process engineering, Mat. -wiss. U. Werkstofftech, 31, pp. 152-161, (2000); Berns H., Siebert S., High nitrogen austenitic cases in stainless steels, ISIJ Int., 36, pp. 927-931, (1996); Toro A., Alonso-Falleiros N., Rodrigues D., Ambrosio Filho F., Tschiptschin A.P., P/M Processing routes for high nitrogen martensitic stainless steels, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 55, pp. 481-487, (2002); Kamachi U., Khatak H.S., Baldev R., Uhlemann M., Surface alloying of nitrogen to improve corrosion resistance of stainless steels, HNS 2003 - High Nitrogen Steels, pp. 301-311, (2003); Siebert S., Randaufsthicken Nichtrostender Stähle, (1994); Berns H., (1991); Berns H., Juse R.L., Bouwman J.W., Edenhofer B., Solution nitriding of stainless steels - A new thermochemical heat treatment process, Heat Treat. Met., 27, pp. 39-45, (2000); Toro A., Misiolek W., Tschiptschin A.P., Correlations between microstructure and surface properties in a high nitrogen martensitic stainless steel, Acta Mater., 51, pp. 3363-3374, (2003); Garzon C.M., Toro A., Tschiptschin A.P., Microstructure and chemical characterization of high temperature nitrided 12%Cr stainless steels, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 55, pp. 255-263, (2002); Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., New high temperature gas nitriding cycle that enhances the wear resistance of duplex stainless steels, J. Mater. Sci., 39, pp. 7101-7105, (2004); Oliver W., Pharr G., An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments, J. Mater. Res., 7, pp. 1564-1583, (1992); Malzbender J., De With G., Indentation load-displacement curve, plastic deformation, and energy, J. Mater. Res., 17, pp. 502-511, (2002); Boy J.H., Kumar A., March P., Willis P., Herman H., Cavitation and erosion resistant thermal spray coatings, Usacerl, Technical Report, 97, 118, (1997)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-23044516714 ,Sugasawa S.; Akiyama S.; Uematsu S.; Shibata T.; Iwata T.; Miyauchi N.; Fujita F.,"Sugasawa, Shinobu (6507706266); Akiyama, Shigeru (45960898900); Uematsu, Susumu (7102208488); Shibata, Toshiaki (55189145800); Iwata, Toshiaki (8290068600); Miyauchi, Naoki (57194966701); Fujita, Fumihiro (57194968736)",6507706266; 45960898900; 7102208488; 55189145800; 8290068600; 57194966701; 57194968736,Influence of Phosphorus Concentration and Heat Treatment on Anticavitation Erosion Characteristics in Electroless Nickel Plating,2011,"Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, A Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part A",77,783,,1976,1985,9,0,10.1299/kikaia.77.1976,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85024465110&doi=10.1299%2fkikaia.77.1976&partnerID=40&md5=d053fd2c35a5df817fd4efcb186d365d,"Cavitation erosion has been a serious problem in the use of turbomachineries such as ship propellers. In this paper, we proposed a technique to prevent cavitation erosion using electroless nickel-phosphorus plating (ENP). ENP was plated on JIS CAC703 (Ni-A1 Bronze), which is known as a material of ship propellers. We examined the anticavitation property of ENP by a vibratory cavitation apparatus based on ASTM G32. It was found that the mass loss of plated substrate can be decreased ten times less than that of substrate by selecting suitable heat treatment temperature for the concentration of phosphorus in ENP. Finally, the mechanism of erosion of ENP is discussed. © 2011, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.",Cavitation; Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Plating; Erosion; Nickel-Aluminum-Bronze; Ship Propeller,,"Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards 03.02, (2006); Keyse R.J., Hammond C., Structure and Morphology of Electroless Ni-P Deposits, Materials Science and Technology, 3, 11, pp. 963-972, (1987); Erming M., Shoufu L., Pengxing L., Transmission Electron Microscopy study on the Crystallization of Amorphous Ni-P Electroless Deposited Coating, Thin Solid Film, 166, pp. 273-280, (1988)",,,3875008,,,Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu A,Article,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-85024465110 ,Ibanez I.; Hodnett M.; Zeqiri B.; Frota M.N.,"Ibanez, I. (57210649878); Hodnett, M. (6701522081); Zeqiri, B. (6701630009); Frota, M.N. (36945243300)",57210649878; 6701522081; 6701630009; 36945243300,Measurements of inertial acoustic cavitation emissions and their correlation with erosion resistance of stainless steel 304,2015,"XXI IMEKO World Congress ""Measurement in Research and Industry""",,,,,,,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84951201954&partnerID=40&md5=1f453b90c187da5e1e52483d224c8999,"This work describes a ASTM G32-10 compliant technique for measuring ultrasonic cavitation used to induce erosion in engineering materials. The hydrodynamic cavitation erosion resistance of coupons of stainless steel 304 was investigated by exposure of the material to acoustic cavitation generated by an ultrasound transducer. A 65 mm diameter variant of a cavitation sensor developed by the National Metrology Institute of the UK (NPL) proved to detect broadband acoustic emissions and logs acoustic signals produced in the MHz frequency range. The readings of cavitation were made during the exposure duration at discrete intervals (900 to 7200 s) enabling periodic mass measurements (evaluation of erosion) under a strict protocol. Cavitation measurements were carried out for different positions of the ultrasound transducer horn confronting the material exposed to erosion. For a transducer displacement amplitude of 43.5 μm, maximum variation in measurements of cavitation level was found to be between 2.6% and 3.8% when the separation (λ) between the transducer horn and the specimen amplified from 0.5 to 1.0 mm, respectively. Mass loss of the specimen -a measure of erosion-was 7.5 mg (λ=0.5 mm) and 6.8 mg (λ=1.0 mm) for experiments carried out at the same transducer displacement amplitude.",CaviMeter; Cavitation erosion; Metrology; Stainless steel 304; Standard ASTM G32-10; Ultrasound,Acoustic emission testing; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Industrial research; Measurements; Transducers; Ultrasonic applications; Ultrasonic scattering; Ultrasonic transducers; Ultrasonics; Units of measurement; CaviMeter; Displacement amplitudes; Engineering materials; Hydrodynamic cavitations; National metrology institutes; Stainless steel-304; Ultrasonic cavitation; Ultrasound transducers; Stainless steel,"Hodnett M., Measuring Cavitation in Ultrasonic Cleaners and Processors, (2011); Santa J., Et al., Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings, Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 1445-1453, (2011); Mann B., Water droplet and cavitation erosion behavior of laser-treated stainless steel and titanium alloy: Their similarities, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 22, 12, pp. 3647-3656, (2013); Tiong J.T., Sonochemical and Ultrasonic Output Analyses on Dental Endonosonic Instruments, (2012); King D.C., Sonochemical Analysis of the Output of Ultrasonic Dental Descalers, (2010); Ibanez I., Measurement and Influence of Cavitation Induced by Ultrasonic on Erosion of Engineering Materials (In Portuguese), (2014); ASTM, Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2010); Zeqiri B., Et al., A novel sensor for monitoring acoustic cavitation. Part I: Concept, theory, and prototype development, Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 50, 10, pp. 1342-1350, (2003); Young F.R., Cavitation, (1989); Hodnett M., Calibrating Cavitation Sensors UIA Symposium; Hodnett M., Characterisation of industrial high power ultrasound fields using the NPL, Cavitation Sensor UIA Symposium, (2006); Hodnett M., Zeqiri B., Toward a reference ultrasonic cavitation vessel: Part 2-investigating the spatial variation and acoustic pressure threshold of inertial cavitation in a 25 kHz ultrasonic field, Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 55, 8, pp. 1809-1822, (2008)",,IMEKO-International Measurement Federation Secretariat,,,,IMEKO World Congr. Meas. Res. Ind.,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84951201954 ,Sotoudeh K.,"Sotoudeh, Kaveh (55688524700)",55688524700,"An amine, nitrite, phosphate and heavy metal free engine coolant inhibitor",1993,SAE Technical Papers,,,,,,,0,10.4271/930474,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072416184&doi=10.4271%2f930474&partnerID=40&md5=cb6e24ed5e4e35fd062e126b4c1ee388,"A new supplemental-coolant additive (SCA) has been developed suitable for heavy-duty diesel engines. The formulation stands apart from the commercially available SCAs in that, it is free of nitrite, phosphate, and all heavy metals. Its corrosion-inhibition performance in ASTM D-1384, ASTM-4340, and ASTM D-2570 have been measured. When compared to two commercially available SCAs, test results indicated better or equivalent protection for: copper, brass, low lead and silver solders, carbon steel, gray cast iron, cast aluminum and heat-rejecting aluminum surface. Its maximum hard-water stability at 480 ppm hardness and, its ability to prevent liner-pitting, as measured by the bench-top cavitation-erosion test (ASTM G32), were superior to the nitrite containing SCAs. Its scale inhibition and antifreeze compatibility was equivalent to the commercial SCAs. © Copyright 1993 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.",,Aluminum; Cast iron; Corrosion; Diesel engines; Heavy metals; Aluminum surface; Cast aluminum; Corrosion inhibition performance; Engine coolant; Gray cast iron; Heavy-duty diesel engine; Scale inhibition; Supplemental coolant additives; Coolants,,,SAE International,1487191,,,SAE Techni. Paper.,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85072416184 ,Lampke T.; Dietrich D.; Leopold A.; Alisch G.; Wielage B.,"Lampke, Thomas (6603165693); Dietrich, Dagmar (7102338668); Leopold, Anette (15063157400); Alisch, Gert (15062371600); Wielage, Bernhard (7005272963)",6603165693; 7102338668; 15063157400; 15062371600; 7005272963,Cavitation erosion of electroplated nickel composite coatings,2008,Surface and Coatings Technology,202,16,,3967,3974,7,43,10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.02.004,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-41849087368&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2008.02.004&partnerID=40&md5=0299c1bfc1d52393cdb567708749bdd0,"The cavitational wear resistance of electroplated nickel composite layers was tested following ASTM G32. Particles of different hardness (titania and silicon carbide) and different sizes from micro-scale to nano-scale were incorporated up to 30 vol.% into a nickel matrix. Martens hardness is improved by grain refinement via particle incorporation. Compared to pure electroplated nickel films the composite layers strengthened by submicro-scale silicon carbide particles exhibit a decreased mass loss of one order of magnitude after 8 h testing time. Remarkably, layers with nano-scaled titania particles show a similar performance. Apart from particle adherence failures, reduced mass loss of the composite layers correlate with improved hardness of the composite due to grain refinement of the matrix and dispersion hardening effects. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cavitation erosion; Electroplating; Martens hardness; Microstructure; Nano-particles nickel composite,Cavitation corrosion; Composite coatings; Electroplating; Grain refinement; Hardness; Microstructure; Silicon carbide; Wear resistance; Cavitation corrosion; Electroplating; Grain refinement; Hardness; Microstructure; Silicon carbide; Wear resistance; Martens hardness; Nano-particles nickel composite; Composite coatings,"Malak C., Metalloberfläche, 48, 4, (1994); Gnass E., Metalloberfläche, 54, 5, (2005); Celis J.P., Roos J.R., Buelens C., Fransaer J., Trans. Inst. Met.Finish., 69, 4, (1991); Prasad P., J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 12, (1993); Prasad P., J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 13, (1994); Lin C.J., Chen K.C., He J.L., Wear, 261, 11-12, (2006); BS EN ISO 14577, Metallic materials - Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters, (2002); ASTM G 32-92, Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (1992); Brennen C.E., Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, (1995); Suslick K.S., Ultrasound: It`s Chemical, Physical and Biological effects, (1988); Muller Y., Schmutz P., Lampke Th., Leopold A., Metalloberfläche, 60, (2006); Drozdz D., Wunderlich R.K., Fecht H.-J., Wear, 262, 1-2, (2007); Lampke Th., Wielage B., Dietrich D., Leopold A., Appl. Surf. Sci., 253, (2006); Dular M., Stoffel B., Sirok B., Wear, 261, 5-6, (2006); Kristensen J.K., Hansson I., Morch K.A., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 11, (1978)",,,2578972,,,Surf. Coat. Technol.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-41849087368 ,Goulart-Santos S.; Mancosu R.D.; Godoy C.; Matthews A.; Leyland A.,"Goulart-Santos, S. (23970592600); Mancosu, R.D. (36004768000); Godoy, C. (7004611195); Matthews, A. (7202611835); Leyland, A. (7006153010)",23970592600; 36004768000; 7004611195; 7202611835; 7006153010,Influence of surface hardening depth on the cavitation erosion resistance of a low alloy steel,2011,Journal of ASTM International,8,9,,,,,0,10.1520/JAI103287,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053993382&doi=10.1520%2fJAI103287&partnerID=40&md5=a175a2ca37f2183447e6c8c998872b42,"In this paper, the influence of surface hardening depth promoted by plasma nitriding and Cr-Al-N coating deposition on the cavitation erosion resistance of a low alloy steel was investigated. Samples that were plasma nitrided for 2 and 4 h were produced and coated with 1 and 2 μm Cr-Al-N coatings deposited by plasma assisted physical vapor deposition. The characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (θ-2 θ and glancing angle configurations), scanning electron microscopy, Rockwell C adhesion test, and three dimensional (3D) profilometry. Knoop microhardness tests were also performed. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out according to ASTM G32-03 Standard. The incubation period and cavitation erosion rate were determined. Coating deposition had a major influence on the incubation period, with thicker coatings resulting in longer times. Plasma nitriding treatment was more effective on reducing the average erosion rate. The plasma nitriding treatment and Cr-Al-N coating deposition in conjunction led to a decrease in both incubation period and erosion rate. The hardened systems presented mass loss up to 11 times lower than the nonhardened steel for the same time. It was concluded that the surface hardening was effective to improve the cavitation erosion resistance of a low alloy steel and the wear rate decreased with the increase of the hardening depth. Copyright © 1996-2011 ASTM.",Cavitation erosion; Cr-Al-N; Papvd coating; Plasma nitriding,Alloys; Aluminum; Cavitation; Cerium alloys; Chromate coatings; Hardening; Nitriding; Nitrogen plasma; Physical vapor deposition; Plasma deposition; Scanning electron microscopy; Soil mechanics; Steel metallurgy; Three dimensional; X ray diffraction; Adhesion test; Cavitation erosion resistance; Coating deposition; Cr-Al-N; Erosion rates; Glancing angle; Hardening depth; Incubation periods; Knoop microhardness; Mass loss; Papvd coating; Plasma nitrided; Plasma nitriding; Rockwell; Surface hardening; Three-dimensional (3D); Wear rates; Erosion,"Huang W.H., Chen K.C., He J.L., A study on the cavitation resistance of ion-nitrided steel, Wear, 252, pp. 459-466, (2002); Mann B.S., Arya V., An experimental study to correlate water jet impingement erosion resistance and properties of metallic materials and coatings, Wear, 253, pp. 650-661, (2002); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Cavitation erosion resistance of Cr-N coating deposited on stainless steel, Wear, 260, pp. 1324-1332, (2006); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergetic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of various engineering alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution, Mater. Sci. Eng., A290, pp. 145-154, (2000); Munsterer S., Kohlhof K., Cavitation protection by low temperature TiCN coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 74-75, pp. 642-647, (1995); Han S., Lin J.H., Kuo J.J., He J.L., Shih H.C., The cavitation-erosion phenomenon of chromium nitride coatings deposited using cathodic arc plasma deposition on steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 161, pp. 20-25, (2002); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Influence of the substrate hardness on the cavitation erosion resistance of the TiN coating, Wear, 263, pp. 395-401, (2007); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Housden J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and PAPVD Cr1-xNx coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 1045 steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Heinke W., Leyland A., Matthews A., Berg G., Friedrich C., Broszeit E., Evaluation of PVD nitride coatings, using impact, scratch and rockwell-C adhesion tests, Thin Solid Films, 270, pp. 431-438, (1995); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Machado R.R., Modenesi P.J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Which hardness (nano or macrohardness) should be evaluated in cavitation?, Tribol. Int., 42, pp. 1021-1028, (2009); Stout J., Blunt L., Three Dimensional Surface Topography, (1994); Mummery L.Y., Surface Texture Analysis-The Handbook, 1st Ed., (1992); Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2003); Podgornik B., Vizintin J., Wanstrand O., Larsson M., Hogmark S., Ronkainen H., Holmberg K., Tribological properties of plasma nitrided and hard coated AISI 4140 steel, Wear, 249, pp. 254-259, (2001); Mahboubi F., Abdolvahabi K., The effect of temperature on plasma nitriding behaviour of DIN 1.6959 low alloy steel, Vaccum, 81, pp. 239-243, (2006); Ochoa E.A., Figueroa C.A., Alvarez F., Nitriding of AISI 4140 steel by low energy broad ion source, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 24, pp. 2113-2116, (2006); Corengia P., Ybarra G., Moina C., Cabo A., Broitman E., Microstructural and topographical studies of DC-pulsed plasma nitrided AISI 4140 low-alloy steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, pp. 2391-2397, (2005); Mancosu R.D., Recobrimento Tribológico Cr-N e Nitretação A Plasma Para Melhoria da Resistência À Erosão Cavitacional de Um Aço Carbono ABNT 1045: Uma Abordagem Topográfica, (2005); Piana L.A., Perez E.A., Souza R.M., Kunrath A.O., Strohaecker T.R., Numerical and experimental analyses on the indentation of coated systems with substrates with different mechanical properties, Thin Solid Films, 491, pp. 1020-1027, (2005)",,,1546962X,,,J. ASTM Int.,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-80053993382 ,Kumar R.K.; Seetharamu S.; Kamaraj M.,"Kumar, R.K. (57205872369); Seetharamu, S. (6603809161); Kamaraj, M. (6603806001)",57205872369; 6603809161; 6603806001,Quantitative evaluation of 3D surface roughness parameters during cavitation exposure of 16Cr-5Ni hydro turbine steel,2014,Wear,320,1,,16,24,8,33,10.1016/j.wear.2014.07.015,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907502073&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2014.07.015&partnerID=40&md5=ddab7c86f505b2422afb2498c0798c61,"The cavitation erosion resistance of 16Cr-5Ni grade martensitic stainless steel was evaluated for long periods of up to 35. h in a vibratory cavitation test rig as per the guidelines of the ASTM G32 standard. The change in retained austenite content during the initial period of cavitation was monitored by x-ray diffractometry. The evolution of surface topography features and quantitative 3D surface texture parameters were analyzed after different cavitation exposures. The average surface roughness deviations (Sa), standard deviation roughness (Sq), mean roughness depth (Sz) and surface skewness (Ssk) with cavitation time and the corresponding 2D line roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rz, and Rsk were evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope to identify the damage mechanisms in the steel. Also, the rate of change of the surface area and the cavitated volume during cavitation were studied. Three stages of cavitation erosion, such as incubation, acceleration and steady erosion rate based on metal loss rate were determined. A correlation was observed between the change in roughness profiles during the three stages and their respective rates of material loss. The use of 3D surface parameters is an important tool for monitoring progress of cavitation damage in large-sized components. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.",3D surface roughness parameters; Cavitation erosion; CLSM; Martensitic steel,Martensitic steel; 3D surface roughness; CLSM; Hydroturbines; Quantitative evaluation; Cavitation corrosion,"Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra S.K., Cavitation erosion in hydraulic Turbine components and mitigation by coatings: current status and future needs, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, 7, pp. 1539-1551, (2012); Sharma H.K., Sharma J.K., Chauhan R.S., Mitigation of damage and O&M problems due to silt at Nathpa Jhakri hydro power station, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Silting Problems in Hydro Power Projects, pp. 27-28, (2008); Goel D.B., Metallurgy of erosion of under-water parts in hydroelectric projects, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Silting Problems in Hydro Power Projects, (2008); Niederau H.J., A new low-carbon 16Cr-5Ni stainless martensitic cast steel, stainless steel castings, ASTM STP 756, Am. Soc. Test. Mater., pp. 382-393, (1982); Grobner P.J., Blss V., Microstructure-strength relations in a hardenable stainless steel with 16pct Cr, 1.5pct Mo, and 5pct Ni, Metall. Trans. A, 15, 7, pp. 1379-1387, (1984); Qin B., Wang Z.Y., Sun Q.S., Effect of tempering temperature on properties of 00Cr16Ni5Mo stainless steel, J. Mater. Charact., 59, 8, (2008); Al Dawood M., El Mahallawi I.S., Abd El Azim M.E., El Koussy M.R., Thermal aging of 16Cr-5Ni-lMo stainless steel part 1: microstructural analysis, Mater. Sci. Technol., 20, 3, (2004); Pohl M., Stella J., Quantitative CLSM roughness study on early cavitation-erosion damage, Wear, 252, 5, pp. 501-511, (2002); Chiu K.Y., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Evolution of surface roughness of some metallic materials in cavitation erosion, Ultrasonics, 43, 9, pp. 713-716, (2005); Patella R.F., Reboud J.L., Archer A., Cavitation damage measurement by 3D laser profilometry, Wear, 246, 1, pp. 59-67, (2000); Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 3, (2003); Iwai Y., Okada T., Tanaka S., A study of cavitation bubble collapse pressures and erosion part 2: estimation of erosion from the distribution of bubble collapse pressures, Wear, 133, 2, pp. 233-243, (1989); Okada T., Iwai Y., Awazu K., A study of cavitation bubble collapse pressures and erosion part 1: a method for measurement of collapse pressures, Wear, 133, 2, pp. 219-232, (1989); Ervin E.Underwood, Banerji K., Quantitative fractography, ASM handbook, Fractography, 12, pp. 374-389, (1987); Espitia L.A., Toro A., Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components, Tribol. Int., 43, 11, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Haosheng C., Shihan L., Inelastic damages by stress wave on steel surface at the incubation stage of vibration cavitation erosion, Wear, 266, 1, pp. 69-75, (2009); Hattori S., Ogiso T., Minami Y., Yamada I., Formation and progression of cavitation erosion surface for long exposure, Wear, 265, 11, pp. 1619-1625, (2008)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84907502073 ,Velásquez E.; Hoyos E.; Santos T.F.A.; Ramirez A.J.; López D.M.,"Velásquez, E. (34968774100); Hoyos, E. (57193505158); Santos, T.F.A. (55734478100); Ramirez, A.J. (7401735013); López, D.M. (23065780700)",34968774100; 57193505158; 55734478100; 7401735013; 23065780700,Cavitation erosion resistance improvement of a multipass friction stir processed UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel,2013,ASM Proceedings of the International Conference: Trends in Welding Research,,,,307,315,8,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880654986&partnerID=40&md5=8061bd4e0f253a569ee85e1a0291b032,"This paper investigates the behavior of a UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel rolled and annealed that has been friction stir processed by a multipass and overlap series of four beads. The cavitation erosion resistance of the samples was improved by this process when comparing incubation times, wear rates and surface roughness on nugget zones and the as received material. The processed material (PM) was obtained in a dedicated TTI FSW equipment with 200 rpm and 100 mm/min and the cavitation erosion tests were done in a vibratory apparatus according to ASTM G32 standard. Roughness measurements proved to be extremely useful to indirectly determine the stages of the cavitation erosion process. The PM improved its cavitation resistance by having a 200% longer incubation period and a 120% reduction in its maximum erosion rate comparing to the as received base material (BM). Furthermore, the PM had a reduction in the cumulative mass loss of 74% compared with the BM after 10 hours of cavitation erosion (CE) testing. This improvement in the material response against CE seems to be related the recrystallization and refinement of the microstructure and it also seems to be related to the welding sequences employed. Copyright © 2013 ASM International® All rights reserved.",Cavitation erosion; Duplex stainless steel; Friction stir processing; Incubation period; Overlap multipass,Cavitation corrosion; Crystal microstructure; Surface roughness; Welding; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation resistance; Duplex stainless steel; Friction stir processing; Incubation periods; Material response; Multi-pass; Processed materials; Stainless steel,"Lippold J.C., Kotecki D.J., Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, (2005); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation Erosion and Damage Mechanisms of Alloys with Duplex Structures, A242, pp. 108-120, (1998); Gandra J., Miranda R.M., Vilac P., Effect of Overlapping Direction in Multipass Friction Stir Processing, (2011); Mishra R.S., Mahoney Z.Y., Friction Stir Welding and Processing, (2005); Santos F.A., Hermenegildo T.F.C., Afonso C.R.M., Marinho R.R., Paes M.T.P., Ramirez A.J., Mech. Fract. Eng, 77, pp. 2937-2945, (2010); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (1998); Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface Texture: Profile Method - Rules and Procedures for the Assessment of Surface Texture, (1996); Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface Texture: Profile Method - Terms, Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters, (1997); Pohl M., Stella J., Quantitative CLSM roughness study on early cavitation-erosion damage, Wear, 252, 5-6, pp. 501-511, (2002); Leith W.C., Can. Eng. J., 42, pp. 43-49, (1959); Chiu K.Y., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Evolution of surface roughness of some metallic materials in cavitation erosion, Ultrasonics, 43, pp. 713-716, (2005); Escobar, Correa R., Santa J.P., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of welded martensitic stainless steel coatings, Proceedings from the First International Brazilian Conference on Tribology, TriboBr, 2012, pp. 299-309, (2010); Espitia L.A., Toro A., Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components, Journal of Tribology, 43, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Gadelmawla E.S., Et al., Roughness parameters, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 123, pp. 133-145, (2002); Karimi A., Cavitation Erosion of a Duplex Stainless Steel, Materials Science and Engineering, 86, pp. 191-203, (1987); Santos A., Desenvolvimento de Procedimento de Reparo por Soldagem em Acos Inoxidáveis Mertensíticos, Com Metal de Adicao Similar Sem TTP, (2000); Aloraier A., Ibrahim R., Ghojel J., Eliminating post-weld heat treatment in repair welding by temper bead technique: Role bead sequence in metallurgical changes, Monash University/Australia: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (2004); Escobar J.D., Velasquez E., Santos T.F.A., Ramirez A.J., Lopez D., Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of a dúplex stainless steel through friction stir processing, Wear, (2012)",,,,978-162708998-2,,ASM Proc. Int. Conf. Trends Weld. Res.,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84880654986 ,Santa J.F.; Blanco J.A.; Giraldo J.E.; Toro A.,"Santa, J.F. (22036463900); Blanco, J.A. (57198139475); Giraldo, J.E. (8953430900); Toro, A. (7005592124)",22036463900; 57198139475; 8953430900; 7005592124,Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings,2011,Wear,271,09-Oct,,1445,1453,8,83,10.1016/j.wear.2010.12.081,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960689344&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2010.12.081&partnerID=40&md5=3d5c7b1462927eff7b6361e163f951d0,"The cavitation erosion resistance of four alloys used to repair worn turbines by welding was tested in laboratory. AWS E309 alloy (3 layers) and a High-Cobalt stainless steel (2 and 3 layers) were applied by manual process (SMAW) onto ASTM A743 grade CA6NM stainless steel (commonly known as 13-4 steel) and their cavitation resistance was compared to that of conventional alloys E410NiMo (applied by SMAW) and a ER410NiMo (applied by semiautomatic process GMAW). The microstructure of the weld deposits was studied by Light Optical Microscopy (LOM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while the chemical composition was analyzed by Optical Emission (OES) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDXS). Cavitation erosion tests were performed in an ultrasonic tester according to ASTM G32 standard and the worn surfaces were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The best cavitation erosion resistance of all the materials tested was shown by the High-Cobalt stainless steel coating applied in 3 layers, while the AWS E309 presented the highest value of maximum erosion rate. Conventional E410NiMo and ER410NiMo alloys showed an intermediate behavior. Incubation periods were 10.9. h and 21.5. h for High-Cobalt stainless steel in 2 and 3 layers, respectively, and 1.4. h for the 13-4 steel. In High-Cobalt stainless steel samples, occurrence of austenite-to-martensite phase transformation and profuse formation of twins and slip lines at the worn surfaces were observed. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion resistance; Microstructure; Stainless steels; Wear mechanisms; Welded coatings,Austenite; Austenitic stainless steel; Austenitic transformations; Cavitation; Chemical analysis; Coatings; Cobalt; Corrosion resistant alloys; Erosion; Martensite; Martensitic transformations; Microstructure; Optical microscopy; Scanning electron microscopy; Tribology; Welding; X ray diffraction; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation resistance; Chemical compositions; Conventional alloys; Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry; Erosion rates; Incubation periods; Light optical microscopies; Manual process; Optical emissions; Phase transformation; Slip lines; Stainless steel coating; Wear mechanisms; Weld deposits; Welded coatings; Worn surface; XRD; Martensitic stainless steel,"Li S.C., Cavitation of Hydraulic Machinery, (2000); Hattori S., Mikamia N., Cavitation erosion resistance of stellite alloy weld overlays, Wear, 267, OCTOBER 11, pp. 1954-1960, (2009); Hart D., Whale D., (1999); Boy J.H., Kumar A., March P., Willis P., Herman H., (1997); Boccanera L., Et al.; Kumar A., Boy J., Zatorski R., Stephenson L.D., pp. 177-182, (2005); (2007); Lippold J.C., Kotecki D.J., (2005); Pereira S.A., (2000); Lee Y.K., Choi C.S., Driving force for γ→e{open} martensitic transformation and stacking fault energy of γ in FeMn binary system, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 31 A, pp. 355-360, (2000); Liu W., Et al., Cavitation erosion behavior of Cr-Mn-N stainless steels in comparison with 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel, Wear, 254, pp. 713-722, (2003); Kim J., Et al., Effect of manganese on the cavitation erosion resistance of iron-chromium-carbon-silicon alloys for replacing cobalt-base stellite, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 352, pp. 85-89, (2006); Bilmes P.D., Et al., C.L. Characteristics and effects of austenite resulting from tempering of 13Cr-NiMo martensitic steel weld metals, Materials Characterization, 46, pp. 285-296, (2001); Garcia-Atance Fatjo G., Et al.; Stachowiak G.W., Batchelor A.W., Engineering Tribology, (1993); Folkhard E., Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, (1988); Xiaojun Z., Procopiak L.A.J., Souza N.C., d'Oliveira A.S.C.M., Phase transformation during cavitation erosion of a Co stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering, 358, pp. 199-204, (2003)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-79960689344 Bordeasu,Micu L.M.; Bordeasu I.; Popoviciu M.O.; Popescu M.; Bordeaşu D.; Salcianu L.C.,"Micu, L.M. (34880633700); Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Popoviciu, M.O. (23005846700); Popescu, M. (55778367000); Bordeaşu, D. (56027695400); Salcianu, L.C. (56781472200)",34880633700; 13409573100; 23005846700; 55778367000; 56027695400; 56781472200,Influence of volumic heat treatments upon cavitation erosion resistance of duplex X2CrNiMoN 22-5-3 stainless steels,2015,IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,85,1,12019,,,,2,10.1088/1757-899X/85/1/012019,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939241681&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f85%2f1%2f012019&partnerID=40&md5=e53e2f6208223509e393552ea8c7adc0,"The stainless steels Duplex 2205 with austenite and ferrite structure have mechanical characteristics close to those of martensite stainless steels but a better corrosion resistance; these steels are very sensitive on the heat treatments. Present work studies the cavitation erosion for those steels for three different heat treatments: simply quenched, annealed at 475°C post quenching and annealed at 875°C. The researches were undertaken at Timisoara ""Politehnica"" University in the Laboratory of Material Science and the Laboratory of Cavitation, using the T2 facility which integrally respects the recommendation of ASTM G32- 10 Standard. The best results were obtained with the specimens annealed at 875°C. In comparison with the stainless steel 41Cr4, with very good cavitation erosion qualities, all tested steels presented also good erosion resistance. So, Duplex 2205 steels can be used for details subjected to cavitation. The best results are obtained by increasing both the hardness and the quantity of the structure constituent with better cavitation erosion resistance, in our case the alloyed austenite. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Annealing; Austenite; Cavitation; Corrosion resistance; Erosion; Heat resistance; Heat treatment; Martensitic steel; Mechanical properties; Alloyed austenites; Cavitation erosion resistance; Erosion resistance; Ferrite structures; Martensite stainless steel; Material science; Mechanical characteristics; Post quenching; Stainless steel,"Bordeasu I., Cavitation Erosion of Materials, (2006); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Improving Cavitation Erosion Resistance through Surface and Structural Hardening, Machine Designe, 4, pp. 171-176, (2012); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Cavitation Erosion Behavior for some Stainless Steels with Constant Nickel and Variable Chromium Content, MPMaterial Testing, 54, 1, pp. 53-58, (2012); Frank J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Micu L.M., Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Ghera C., Salcianu L., Researches upon the Cavitation Erosion of the Stainless Steel X2CrNiMn22-5-3 heat treated, Science and Engineering, 26, pp. 425-430, (2014); Mitelea I., Material Science, 1, (2009); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Hadar A., The Effect of Nickel Content Upon Cavitation Erosion for Stainless Steels with 13% Chromium and less than 0,1% Carbon, Chemical Review, 56, pp. 1169-1174, (2005); Oanca O.V., Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Craciunescu C., Phenomenology of Degradation by Cavitation for Heat Treated CuNiAlFe Bronzes, 22-th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Brno, Czech Republic, May 15-17, pp, pp. 1561-1566, (2013); Trusculescu M., Ieremia A., Stainless and Refractory Steels, (1983); Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test, (2010); ASTM International, (2009); IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 85, (2015); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Micu L.M., Salcianu L.C., Bordeasu C., Cavitation Erosion Researches upon two AMPCO Bronzes, KOD 2014, Balatonfured, Hungary, June 12-15, pp, pp. 249-254, (2014); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Sava M., Duma S.T., Badarau R., Correlations between mechanical properties and cavitation erosion resistance for stainless steels with 12% Chromium and variable contents of Nickel, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 57, (2013); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Cavitation erosion resistance of two steels with the same percentage of Chromium and Nickel but different Carbon content, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 57, (2013)",Jiang Y.; Lemle L.D.,Institute of Physics Publishing,17578981,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84939241681 ,Mann B.S.,"Mann, B.S. (7101666871)",7101666871,High-power diode laser-treated 13Cr4Ni stainless steel for hydro turbines,2014,Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,23,6,,1964,1972,8,8,10.1007/s11665-014-0991-y,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905729263&doi=10.1007%2fs11665-014-0991-y&partnerID=40&md5=5e8ea3edb6d44e6f630f817fa604dbc4,"The cast martensitic chromium nickel stainless steels such as 13Cr4Ni, 16Cr5Ni, and 17Cr4Ni PH have found wide application in hydro turbines. These steels have adequate corrosion resistance with good mechanical properties because of chromium content of more than 12%. The 13Cr4Ni stainless steel is most widely used among these steels; however, lacks silt, cavitation, and water impingement erosion resistances (SER, CER, and WIER). This article deals with characterizing 13Cr4Ni stainless steel for silt, cavitation, and water impingement erosion; and studying its improved SER, CER, and WIER behavior after highpower diode laser (HPDL) surface treatment. The WIER and CER have improved significantly after laser treatment, whereas there is a marginal improvement in SER. The main reason for improved WIER and CER is due to its increased surface hardness and formation of fine-grained microstructure after HPDL surface treatment. CER and WIER of HPDL-treated 13Cr4Ni stainless steel samples have been evaluated as per ASTM G32-2003 and ASTM G73-1978, respectively; and these were correlated with microstructure and mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, modified ultimate resilience, and microhardness. The erosion damage mechanism, compared on the basis of scanning electron micrographs and mechanical properties, is discussed and reported in this article. © ASM International.",13Cr4Ni stainless steel; Cavitation erosion; Diode laser; Silt erosion; Water impingement erosion,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chromium; Corrosion resistance; Erosion; Hydraulic turbines; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy; Semiconductor lasers; Silt; Surface treatment; Tensile strength; Erosion damage mechanisms; Erosion resistance; Fine-grained microstructure; High-power diode lasers; Microstructure and mechanical properties; Scanning electron micrographs; Ultimate tensile strength; Water impingement; Stainless steel,"Mann B.S., High-energy particle impact wear resistance of hard coatings and their application in hydro turbines, Wear, 237, pp. 140-146, (2000); Grein H., Schachenmann A., Abrasion in hydro-electric machinery sulzer, Tech. Rev., 1, 74, pp. 9-28, (1992); Knapp R.T., Daily J.W., Hammit F.G., Cavitation, (1970); Escalera X., Egusquizaa E., Farhat Md., Avellanb F., Coussirata M., Detection of cavitation in hydraulic machinery, Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 20, pp. 983-1007, (2006); Mann B.S., Arya V., Pant B.K., High power diode laser-surface treated hvof coating to combat high energy particle impact, Wear J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 22, 7, pp. 1995-2004, (2013); Mann B.S., Arya V., Pant B.K., Agrawal M., High-power diode laser-surface treatment to minimize droplet erosion of low-pressure steam turbine moving blades, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 18, 7, pp. 990-998, (2009); Mann B.S., Liquid droplet and cavitation erosion behavior of laser-treated stainless steel and titanium alloy: Their similarities, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 22, 12, pp. 3647-3656, (2013); Lesser M., Thirty years of liquid impact research: Atutorial review, Wear, 186-187, pp. 28-34, (1995); Lesser M.B., Field J.E., The impact of compressible liquids, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 15, pp. 97-122, (1983); Field J.E., Camusa J.J., Tinguely M., Obreschkowc D., Farhat M., Cavitation in impacted drops and jets and the effect on erosion damage thresholds, Wear, 290-291, pp. 154-160, (2012); Mann B.S., High-power diode laser-treated hp-hvof and twin wire arc sprayed coatings for fossil fuel power plants, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 22, 8, pp. 2191-2200, (2013); Mann B.S., Arya V., Pant B.K., Cavitation erosion behaviour of hpdl-treated twas coated ti6al4v alloy and its similarity with liquid droplet erosion, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, 6, pp. 849-853, (2012); Mann B.S., Boronizing of cast martensitic chromium nickel stainless steel and its abrasion and cavitation-erosion behaviour, Wear, 208, pp. 125-131, (1997); Hattori S., Takinami M., Comparison of cavitation erosion rate with liquid impingement erosion rate, Wear, 269, pp. 310-316, (2010); Robinson J.M., Reed R.C., Water droplet erosion of laser surface treated ti-6al4v, Wear, 186-187, pp. 360-367, (1995)",,Springer New York LLC,10599495,,JMEPE,J Mater Eng Perform,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84905729263 Bordeasu,Karabenciov A.; Bordeasu I.; Mitelea I.; Dan Jurchela A.,"Karabenciov, Adrian (56271454800); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Dan Jurchela, Alin (56524479500)",56271454800; 13409573100; 16309955100; 56524479500,Considerations on the cavitation erosion behavior of two stainles steels with similar ratios of structural constituents,2012,"METAL 2012 - Conference Proceedings, 21st International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials",,,,724,729,5,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923884303&partnerID=40&md5=b25c7d225c0aab3c0fa9ad3b03ef2687,"The paper follows the evolution of cavitation erosion on two stainless steels with structures in which the martensite and austenite have similar ratios, using the characteristic curves for the medium depth of erosion (MDE) and the medium depth of erosion ratio (MDER), and also using images of the eroded surfaces which were taken using a microscope. The goal of the tests was to find the reason for which materials with similar microstructures have different behaviors to cavitation erosion. This way, the influence of chromium and the influence of the other alloying elements can be observed. The results show that the steel with higher contents of alloying elements like manganese, silicon and titanium have a superior cavitation erosion resistance. Also, the results validate the manufacturers' trend to use stainless steels with carbon contents of about 0.1% for the manufacturing of hydraulic machines and equipment. The tests were conducted on a vibratory apparatus with piezoceramic crystals T2, built in accordance with to the ASTM G32-10 international standard, found in the Hydraulic Machines Laboratory in Timişoara. The studied stainless steels cast after specific recipes for hydraulic rotors and blades. After the casting process, the steels were subjected to an annealing treatment and a hardening process.",Cavitation erosion; Characteristic curves; Chemical elements; Microstructure; Stainless steel,Alloying; Alloying elements; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chemical elements; Erosion; Hardening; Hydraulic machinery; Manufacture; Martensitic steel; Microstructure; Piezoelectric ceramics; Stainless steel; Titanium castings; Annealing treatments; Carbon content; Casting process; Cavitation erosion resistance; Characteristic curve; Hardening process; Hydraulic machines; International standards; Steel castings,"Jurchela A.D., Bordeasu I., Karabenciov A., Oance O., Cavitation resistance of stainless steels with constant chromium and carbon content, ModTech International Conference - New Face of TMCR Modern Technologies, Quality and Innovation, pp. 549-552, (2011); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalə a Materialelor, (2006); Karabenciov A., Dimian M.E., Jurchela A.D., Oanca O., Cavitation resistance of stainless steels with constant nickel and carbon content, ModTech International Conference - New Face of TMCR Modern Technologies, Quality and Innovation, pp. 553-556, (2011); Anton I., Cavitatia, 1-2, (1984); Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Nystrom R.E., Corelation of cavitation damage with other material and fluid properties, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, (1960); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Popoviciu M.O., Chirita C., Method for classifying stainless steels upon cavitation resistance, METAL 2011, 20th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, (2011)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729431-4,,"METAL - Conf. Proc., Int. Conf. Metall. Mater.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84923884303 ,Sugasawa S.; Uematsu S.; Akiyama S.,"Sugasawa, Shinobu (6507706266); Uematsu, Susumu (7102208488); Akiyama, Shigeru (45960898900)",6507706266; 7102208488; 45960898900,Observation of microstructural deformation behavior in metals caused by cavitation impact,2011,Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,50,7 PART 2,07HE03,,,,5,10.1143/JJAP.50.07HE03,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960582965&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.50.07HE03&partnerID=40&md5=aa79b9b430dd02de851cee9dbbbce27d,"To clarify the erosion mechanism of cavitation, we pay attention to the internal changes in grains caused by cavitation impact. The vibratory cavitation test based on ASTM G32 was carried out and the cross section of directly under the eroded surface of a specimen was observed using the electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) technique. The situations of grain boundaries and the changes in the crystal orientations of grains in aluminum, copper, and steel were analyzed. As a result, the following observations were made. Cavitation impact causes grain refining of sub-micrometer order near the eroded surface. There exist small changes in crystal orientation in grains. In steel, grain boundaries were generated on the eroded surface and were growing inward in the grain. Finally, the mechanism of internal deformation of grains caused by cavitation impact was discussed. © 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.",,Backscattering; Crystal orientation; Deformation; Grain boundaries; Grain size and shape; Cavitation impacts; Cross section; Electron backscattering diffraction; Erosion mechanisms; Grain refining; Internal changes; Internal deformation; Microstructural deformation; Submicrometers; Cavitation,"Endo K., Okada T., Baba Y., Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, 34, (1968); Kitajima N., Nihon Kinzoku Gakkaishi, 29, (1965); Woodford D.A., Metall. Trans., 3, (1972); Endo K., Nishimura Y., Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, 38, (1972); Soyama H., Materia Japan, 45, (2006); Nakagawa M., Watanabe T., Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu, 22, (2004); Suzuki H., Futakawa M., Shobu T., Wakui T., Naoe T., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 47, (2010); Okada T., Hattori S., Shimizu M., Wear, 186-187, (1995); Yoshiie T., Sato K., Xu Q., Komatsu M., Futakawa M., Naoe T., Kawai M., J. Nucl. Mater., 398, (2010); Okada T., Iwamoto J., Sano K., Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, 43, (1977); Hattori S., Nakano E., Aoyama J., Okada T., Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu A, 64, (1998); Usami K., Ozaki T., Onuma T., Tetsu-to-hagane, 75, (1989); Dingley D.J., Randle V., J. Mater. Sci., 27, (1992); Suzuki S., EBSD Dokuhon (Introduction to EBSD Analysis), (2009); Mino K., Fukuoka T., Yoshizawa H., Nihon Kinzoku Gakkaishi, 64, (2000); Kimura H., Wang Y., Akiniwa Y., Tanaka K., Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu A, 71, (2005); Morooka S., Tomota Y., Adachi Y., Morito S., Kamiyama T., Tetsu-to-hagane, 94, (2008); Fujiyama K., Mori K., Kaneko D., Matsunaga T., Kimachi H., Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu A, 74, (2008); Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM International, 2-3, (2006); Wright S.I., Nowell M.M., Microsc. Microanal., 12, (2006); Ashby M.F., Philos. Mag., 21, (1970); Wilkinson A.J., Meaden G., Dingley D.J., Mater. Sci. Technol., 22, (2006)",,,13474065,,,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-79960582965 Bordeasu,Bordeasu I.; Popoviciu M.O.; Micu L.M.; Oanca O.V.; Bordeasu D.; Pugna A.; Bordeasu C.,"Bordeasu, I. (13409573100); Popoviciu, M.O. (23005846700); Micu, L.M. (34880633700); Oanca, O.V. (35339518200); Bordeasu, D. (56027695400); Pugna, A. (55917480200); Bordeasu, C. (56781536300)",13409573100; 23005846700; 34880633700; 35339518200; 56027695400; 55917480200; 56781536300,Laser beam treatment effect on AMPCO M4 bronze cavitation erosion resistance,2015,IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,85,1,12005,,,,9,10.1088/1757-899X/85/1/012005,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939243668&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f85%2f1%2f012005&partnerID=40&md5=a03b2da533afc84aea7b98c9fa2f94e1,"Ship propellers must resist simultaneously to ocean water corrosion and cavitation erosion. Until now, the best material used is the bronze with great copper content. These materials are expensive and there is the tendency to reduce the copper content while maintaining good properties. Such a material is AMPCO M4 used for manufacturing details for aircraft retractable landing assemblies. As a consequence we undertake cavitation erosion tests upon this bronze. In natural state (cast or even extruded) the cavitation resistance is not acceptable so, we improved the specimens by treating them with laser beams at three different impulse powers (160, 180 and 220 W). The cavitation erosion resistance was tested in the Cavitation Laboratory of Timisoara ""Politehnica"" University using a vibratory device respecting the conditions imposed by ASTM G32-2010 Standard. The comparisons with the genuine material (without any treatments) show that the applied procedure increased the hardness of the melted layer as well as the cavitation erosion behavior. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.",,Bronze; Copper; Erosion; Fighter aircraft; Laser beams; Sailing vessels; Ship propellers; Ship propulsion; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation resistance; Copper content; Laser beam treatment; Melted layers; Ocean water; Politehnica; Vibratory devices; Cavitation,"Anton I., Cavitation, (1985); Manzana M.E., Studies and Experimental Researches Regarding Structural Modifications Produced by Cavitation Erosions upon Metallic Materials, (2012); Standard method of vibratory cavitation erosion test, pp. G32-G10, (2010); Oanca O.V., Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Craciunescu C., Phenomenology of Degradation by Cavitation for Heat Treated CuNiAlFe Bronzes, 22th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Brno, Czech Republic, May 15-17, pp. 1561-1566, (2013); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Improving cavitation erosion resistance through surface and structural hardening, Machine Designe, 4, pp. 171-176, (2012); Frank J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of cavitation, (2004); Hammitt F.G., Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Phenomena, (1980); Steller J.K., International cavitation test - sumary of results, Proceedings of 3-rd International Conference on Cavitation, pp. 121-132, (1992); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu V., Patrascoiu C., An Analytical Model for the Cavitation Erosion Characteristic Curves, Scientific Bulletin ""Politehnica"" University of Timisoara, Transaction of Mechanics, 49, pp. 253-258, (2004); Bordeasu I., Cavitation Erosion of Materials, (2006); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Sava M., Duma S.T., Badarau R., Correlations between mechanical properties and cavitation erosion resistance for stainless steels with 12% Chromium and variable contents of Nickel, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 57, (2014); Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M.O., Mitelea I., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Cavitation erosion resistance of two steels with the same percentage of Chromium and Nickel but different Carbon content, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 57, (2013)",Jiang Y.; Lemle L.D.,Institute of Physics Publishing,17578981,,,IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.,Conference paper,Final,All Open Access; Gold Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84939243668 ,Nour W.M.N.; Dulias U.; Schneider J.; Gahr K.-H.Z.,"Nour, Wagdy Mokthar Naguib (58995153000); Dulias, Ulrike (6508324529); Schneider, Johannes (57189590940); Gahr, Karl-Heinz Zum (7005285321)",58995153000; 6508324529; 57189590940; 7005285321,The effect of surface finish and cavitating liquid on the cavitation erosion of alumina and silicon carbide ceramics,2007,Ceramics - Silikaty,51,1,,30,39,9,10,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34248186428&partnerID=40&md5=04d5c337a1052600d6ffc466b72af1f9,"The cavitation erosion of alumina (F 99.7, Friatec) and sintered silicon carbide (SSiC, EKasic F) with different surface finish was investigated at 25°Cfor up to 6h in distilled water as a cavitating liquid according to ASTM G32-92. The wear progress was followed by measuring the cumulative mass and volume losses. The eroded surfaces were examined for their damaged microstructure using SEM. The wear resistance of the tested ceramics, in terms of the incubation time and mass and volume losses, was improved when decreasing surface roughness. SSiC showed higher wear resistance in comparison with alumina. The results were discussed in terms of the hardness, fracture toughness, grain size, surface roughness and microstructure. In addition, the influence of oils as cavitating liquids on the erosion of tested ceramics was studied. The results indicated that water is highly erosive medium when compared with the used oils as a result of higher water vapour pressure, lower viscosity and higher density.",Cavitation; Ceramics; Structural materials,Alumina; Cavitation corrosion; Fracture toughness; Grain size and shape; Hardness; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon carbide; Surface roughness; Wear resistance; Cavitating liquids; Cumulative mass; Structural material; Surface finish; Ceramic materials,"Tomlinson W.J., Kalitsounakis N., Vekinis G., Ceram.Int, 25, (1999); Pai R., Hargreaves D.J., Wear, 252, (2002); Lauterborn W.L., Bolle H., J.Fluid Mech, 72, (1975); Dear J.P., Field J.E., J.Fluid Mech, 190, (1988); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Inter.Metals Rev, 31, (1986); Knapp R.T., Daily J.W., Hammitt F.G., Cavitation, (1970); Hammitt F.G., Cavitation and multiphase flow phenomena, (1980); Cavitation of Hydraulic Machinery, (2000); Precce C.M., Treatise on materials science and technology, 16, (1979); Dulias U., Zum Gahr K.H., DGM-Tagung, Reibung und Verschleiß , 2004 Fürth, Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 35, (2004); Hattori S., Sun B.H., Hammitt F.G., Okada T., Wear, 705, (1985); Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 3 .02, (1997); Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 3 .02, (1997); Pennefather R.C., Hankey S.E., Hutchings R., Ball A., Mater.Sci.Eng. A, 105, 106, (1988); Tomlinson W.J., Mathews S.J., Ceram.Int, 20, (1994); Endo K., Bull. JSME, 72, (1969); Okada T., Iwamoto J., Kano S., Bull. JSME, 20, (1977); Shuji H., Eisaku N., Wear, 249, (2002); Creton C., Leibler L., J.Polymer Science, Part B : Polymer Physics, 34, (1996); Pohl M., Praktische Metallographie, 33, (1996); Pohl M., Stella J., Wear, 252, (2002); Ahmed S.M., Hokkirigawa K., Ito Y., Oba R., Matsudaira Y., Wear, 142, (1991); Ahmed S.M., Hokkirigawa K., Oba R., Kikuchi K., Oshma R., Oba R., JSME Int.J.Ser.II, 34, (1991); Rydberg K.E., Energy efficient water hydraulic System, international conference on fluid power transmission and control (ICFP, (2001); Ivany R.D., Hamitt F.G., ASME J.Basic Eng, 87, (1965)",,,8625468,,CERSE,Ceram Silikaty,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-34248186428 ,Caccese V.; Light K.H.; Berube K.A.,"Caccese, V. (56864267100); Light, K.H. (7004560881); Berube, K.A. (12142222600)",56864267100; 7004560881; 12142222600,Cavitation erosion resistance of various material systems,2006,Ships and Offshore Structures,1,4,,309,322,13,19,10.1533/saos.2006.0136,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009630234&doi=10.1533%2fsaos.2006.0136&partnerID=40&md5=208d39bc939693f485d06006c229cb85,"Advancement in both the design and construction of high-speed ships necessitates the evaluation of cavitation erosion resistant materials. Given their weight advantages, aluminum and laminated composite materials are often chosen as construction materials for high-speed designs. Historically, neither of these materials performs well in a cavitating environment. The objective of this effort is to evaluate potential cavitation erosion protection alternatives. Screening of the various material alternatives was performed using a modified ASTM G32 ultrasonically induced cavitation test method. A relative ranking is provided for materials including metals, composites, elastomers, polymers, and hard ceramic coatings using the maximum erosion rate as a parameter. A potential solution identified during this study involves the use of a durable elastomer material as a protective barrier. Results also show that a sandwich core composite system can be used to increase the cavitation erosion resistance of laminated composite materials. © 2006 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.",Cavitation erosion; Composites; Elastomers; Erosion rate; Ultrasonic cavitation,,"Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus: G32-98. Annual Book Ofastm Standards, pp. 107-120, (1998); Bark G.B., Friesch J., Kuiper G., Ligtelijn J.T., Cavitation erosion on ship propellers and rudders, 9Th Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures, (2004); Boy J.H., Kumar A., March P., Willis P., Herman H., Cavitation and Erosion Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings, (1997); Djordjevic V., Kreiner J., Stojanovic Z., Cavitation erosion estimation of composite materials, Materials-Pathways to the Future Symposium, 33, pp. 1561-1570, (1988); Escaler X., Avellan F., Egusquiza E., Cavitation erosion prediction from inferred forces using material resistance data, Fourth International Symposium on Cavitation, pp. 20-23, (2001); Falcone A.S., Clark F., Maloney P., Elastic Pitch Beam Tail Rotor Operational Suitability Investigation, (1974); Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Cavitation damage and correlation with mechanical and fluid properties, Journal of Basic Engineering D, 89, 4, pp. 753-763, (1967); Hammond D.A., Amateau M.F., Queeney R.A., Cavitation erosion performance of fiber reinforced composites, Journal of Composite Materials, 27, 16, pp. 1522-1544, (1993); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Zhang Q., 2003. Construction of database on cavitation erosion and analyses of carbon steel data, Fifth International Symposium on Cavitation; Heymann F.J., Toward quantitative prediction of liquid impact erosion, ASTM STP, 474, (1970); Kimmel B.G., Development of Composite Constructions with Improved Rain Erosion Resistance, (1974); Knapp R.T., Daily J.W., Hammitt F.G., Cavitation, (1970); Lauterborn W., Cavitation bubble dynamics - new tools for intricate problems, Applied Scientific Research, 38, pp. 165-178, (1982); Lecoffre Y., Cavitation erosion, hydrodynamic scaling laws, practical method of long term damage prediction, International Symposium on Cavitation, Deauville, pp. 2-5, (1995); Morch K.A., Dynamics of cavitation bubbles and cavitating liquid, Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, 16, pp. 309-355, (1979); Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion, Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, 16, pp. 296-297, (1979); Prosperetti A., Bubble dynamics: A review of some recent results, Applied Scientific Research, 38, pp. 145-164, (1982); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behaviour with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Soyama H., Kumano H., Saka M., A new parameter to predict cavitation erosion, Fourth International Symposium on Cavitation, pp. 20-23, (2001); Steller J., International Cavitation Erosion Test Preliminary Report, (1998); Thiruvengadam A., Waring S., Mechanical properties of metals and cavitation damage resistance, Journal Ofship Research, 10, pp. 1-9, (1966); Veerabhadra-Rao P., Martin C.S., Syamala-Rao B.C., Lakshaman-Rao N.S., Estimation of cavitation erosion with incubation periods and material properties, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 9, 3, pp. 189-197, (1981); Vyas B., Preece C.M., Stress produced in a solid by cavitation, Journal of Applied Physics, 47, pp. 5133-5138, (1976); Weigel W.D., Advanced Rotor Blade Erosion Protection System, (1996); Williams G.C., Rain Erosion of Materials, (1952)",,,17445302,,,Ships Offshore Struct.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85009630234 ,Hattori S.; Ogiso T.; Minami Y.; Yamada I.,"Hattori, Shuji (7201924362); Ogiso, Takaaki (24340427200); Minami, Yusuke (7201705712); Yamada, Ikuo (22939379400)",7201924362; 24340427200; 7201705712; 22939379400,Formation and progression of cavitation erosion surface for long exposure,2008,Wear,265,11-Dec,,1619,1625,6,20,10.1016/j.wear.2008.03.012,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-54149093319&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2008.03.012&partnerID=40&md5=12ad8b8e18d699f1cfc266ab8786051a,Cavitation erosion often causes the leakage of water in piping systems of industrial plants. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out for S15C carbon steel equivalent to pipe steel STPG370 in a stationary specimen test method using a vibratory apparatus specified by ASTM G32-03. Another test was performed using a cavitating liquid jet method according to ASTM G134-95 to simulate the flow condition. It was found that the maximum depth of erosion (MaxDE) increases with exposure time with a power of about 0.5 which is different from the ordinary power of 1.0. The distribution of the maximum depth of erosion pits was obtained by the extreme value analysis (Gumbel distribution) at every exposure time. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.,Cavitation erosion; Iron and steel; Nonferrous metal,Carbon steel; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Hydrodynamics; Industrial plants; Iron; Nonferrous metals; Offshore oil well production; Steel; Cavitating liquid jetted; Cavitation erosion; Cavitation erosions; Exposure times; Extreme values; Flow conditions; Gumbel distributions; Iron and steel; Maximum depths; Nonferrous metal; Pipe steels; Specimen tests; Soil mechanics,"Rao P.V., Buckley D.H., Predictive capability of long-term cavitation and liquid impingement erosion models, Wear, 94, 3, pp. 259-274, (1984); Thiruvengadam A., Preiser H.S., Eisenberg P., On the mechanisms of cavitation damage and methods of protection, SNAME Trans., 73, pp. 241-286, (1965); Plesset M.S., Devine R.E., Effect of exposure time on cavitation damage, J. Basic Eng. Trans. ASME Series D, 88, 4, pp. 691-705, (1966); Hobbs J.M., Experiment with a 20-kc cavitation erosion test, erosion by cavitation or impingement, ASTM STP, 408, pp. 159-185, (1967); Shalnev K.K., Et al., Scale-effect investigation of cavitation erosion using the energy parameter, erosion by cavitation or impingement, ASTM STP, 408, pp. 220-238, (1967); Okada T., Iwai Y., Study about progress of cavitation erosion, 6th Japanese Symposium on Cavitation, pp. 179-186, (1989); Hattori S., Goto Y., Fukuyama T., Influence of temperature on erosion by a cavitating liquid jet, Wear, 260, pp. 1217-1223, (2006); Johnson N.L., Continuous univariate distributions-1, (1970); Ito M., Et al., Application of Probability and Statistics for Civil Engineering, (1988); Hattori S., Zhang Q., Formulation of cavitation erosion including deceleration stage, Trans. Japan Soc. Mech. Eng. Series A, 72, 721, pp. 1376-1382, (2006)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-54149093319 ,Karl A.; Wägner M.,"Karl, Andreas (56572379500); Wägner, Martina (57199121529)",56572379500; 57199121529,The increase of cavitation erosion resistance of stainless steel products by carbon supersaturation,2014,"Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2014, MS and T 2014",3,,,1473,1479,6,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925627350&partnerID=40&md5=fd783b1882b1b4ee44b6be27e501d047,"While the excellent corrosion resistance of austenitic and duplex stainless steels has resulted in wide commercial application of these materials, poor tribological behaviour, especially low abrasive/adhesive wear resistance and a tendency to fretting, has prevented the use of these materials in applications where both corrosion and wear resistance are required. Additionally, for a growing number of applications the low cavitation erosion resistance of these alloys is a limiting factor. For more than 20 years, the Kolsterising ® process has offered a solution to industry; enhanced mechanical properties and unaltered corrosion resistance. Suitable for austenitic and duplex stainless steels, this thermo-chemical diffusion process forms carbon S-phase while avoiding the carbide precipitation that causes sensitization. This paper compares the properties of treated and untreated austenitic and duplex stainless steels with regards to cavitation erosion resistance. Results of tests according to ASTM G32-10 show a massive reduction of weight loss with Kolsterising ®. Copyright © 2014 MS&T14®.",Carbon super saturati on; Cavitation; Kolsterising; S-Phase; Stainless steel,Austenite; Carbides; Carbon; Cavitation; Chemical detection; Corrosion; Corrosion resistance; Erosion; Mechanical properties; Precipitation (chemical); Wear resistance; Cavitation erosion resistance; Commercial applications; Corrosion and wear resistance; Excellent corrosion resistances; Kolsterising; S-phase; Thermo-chemical diffusion process; Tribological behaviour; Stainless steel,"Karabenciov A., Jurchela A.D., Bordeasu I., Popoviciu M., Birau N., Lustyan A., Considerations upon the cavitation erosion resitance of stainless steel with variable Chromium and Nickel content, 25th LAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems, (2010); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel database, Wear, 2010, 268, pp. 109-116; Hattori S., Mikami N., Cavitation erosion resistance of stellile alloy weld overlays, Wear, 267, pp. 1954-1960, (2009); Fu W.T., Zheng Y.Z., He X.K., Resistance of high nitrogen austentitic stainless steel to cavitation erosion, Wear, 249, pp. 788-791, (2001); Berns H., Bouwman J.W., Eul U., Izaguirre J., Juse R., Niederau H., Tavernier G., Zieschang R., Solution nitriding of stainless steels for process engineering, Mat.-wiss U. Werkstofftech, 31, pp. 152-161, (2000); Gramberg U., Hofmann S., VDI-Berichte, 506; Van Der Jagd R.H., Kolster B.H., Gillham M.W.H., Anti-wear/corrosion treatment of finished austenitic stainless steel components: The Hardcor process, Materials & Design, 12, 1, pp. 41-46, (1991); Pawel S.J., Assessment of Cavitation-Erosion Resistance of Potential Pump Impeller Materials for Mercury Service at the Spallation Neutron Source, (2007); ASM Handbook: Friction Lubrication and Wear Technology, 18, pp. 214-220, (1992); Kahn H., Et al., Interstitial hardening of duplex 2205 stainless steel by low temperature carburisation: Enhanced mechanical and electrochemical performance, Surface Engineering, 28, 3, pp. 213-219, (2012)",,"Association for Iron and Steel Technology, AISTECH",,978-163439723-0,,"Mater. Sci. Technol. Conf. Exhib., MS T ",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84925627350 ,Hattori S.; Ishikura R.; Zhang Q.,"Hattori, Shuji (7201924362); Ishikura, Ryohei (57191366664); Zhang, Qingliang (7406720561)",7201924362; 57191366664; 7406720561,Construction of database on cavitation erosion and analyses of carbon steel data,2004,Wear,257,09-Oct,,1022,1029,7,56,10.1016/j.wear.2004.07.002,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-5444276745&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2004.07.002&partnerID=40&md5=e49837565a3c5732dc4e0987fcb80b7b,"Cavitation erosion data have been accumulated in our laboratory for about 30 years since 1970. The database was constructed as electronic data in Excel files. The data files are able to offer quick search in terms of the test material, test method and test conditions from among 859 data. Carbon steel data were analyzed, excluding stainless steels that exhibit high work hardening. Vibratory cavitation test results for different carbon steels, obtained with varying test conditions of frequency, amplitude and attachment of specimen, were converted analytically to obtain average erosion rates under assumed standardized conditions of a stationary specimen test with 1 mm standoff distance, and with frequency and amplitude as specified by ASTM G32. Since coefficients of variation were obtained in the range of 0.1-0.3, the standard deviation can be easily estimated for these steels. The erosion resistance was defined as the reciprocal value of the erosion rate, and it was normalized with the erosion resistance of SUS304 steel. The normalized erosion resistance is equal to 2.1E - 06 × HV2.4 (HV; Vickers hardness), and the correlation coefficient is 0.92. It was concluded that the erosion resistance of carbon steels can be estimated with high reliability from the material hardness. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cavitation; Cavitation erosion; Erosion; Hardness; Iron and steel,carbon steel; cavitation damage; erosion; erosive wear; hardness; testing method; Cavitation corrosion; Corrosion resistance; Database systems; File organization; Hardness; Stainless steel; Strain hardening; Excel files; Standard deviation; Carbon steel,"Heymann F.J., Characterization and determination of erosion resistance, ASTM STP474, pp. 212-222, (1970); Rao P.V., Martin C.S., Rao B.C.S., Rao N.S.L., J. Testing Evaluat., 9, 3, pp. 189-197, (1981); Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 107-120, (2000); Kato H., Cavitation, (1979); Okada T., Hattori S., Sci. Machine, 49, 10, pp. 1078-1081, (1997); Hammit F.G., Okada T., Vibratory horn cavitation erosion comparisons, J. Test. Evaluat. JTEVA, 8, 6, pp. 324-328, (1980); Okada T., Hattori S., Sci. Machine, 50, 5, pp. 606-608, (1998); Mood A.M., Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, (1980); Gibra I.N., Probability and Statistical Inference for Scientists and Engineers, (1973); Gibra I.N., Probability and Statistical Inference for Scientists and Engineers, (1973)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-5444276745 ,García G.L.; López-Ríos V.; Espinosa A.; Abenojar J.; Velasco F.; Toro A.,"García, G.L. (57199659747); López-Ríos, V. (55263480200); Espinosa, A. (57190577818); Abenojar, J. (6603231238); Velasco, F. (7102038176); Toro, A. (7005592124)",57199659747; 55263480200; 57190577818; 6603231238; 7102038176; 7005592124,Cavitation resistance of epoxy-based multilayer coatings: Surface damage and crack growth kinetics during the incubation stage,2014,Wear,316,01-Feb,,124,132,8,19,10.1016/j.wear.2014.04.007,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901365682&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2014.04.007&partnerID=40&md5=e21952081a6ceaef66b657d882c5b8b1,"Four epoxy-based multilayer coating systems, with thicknesses of 380±20. μm, 650±10. μm, 720±30. μm and 920±20. μm, were applied manually onto stainless steel samples and subjected to vibratory cavitation tests according to ASTM G32-09 standard. In order to correlate the cavitation resistance of the coating systems with some of their mechanical properties, instrumented micro indentation tests were performed to determine hardness, resilience, total plastic work, among others, as a function of the thickness of the coatings. Examination of the surfaces by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that the surface damage in all the coatings was caused by incubation and growth of cracks. Statistical analysis of crack growth data allowed determining a behavior law characteristic for each coating system, which was adjusted with proper parameters related to the mechanical properties measured by micro indentation. In particular, a good correlation was obtained among cavitation resistance, coating thickness and hardness-to-Young modulus ratio H/. E. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation; Epoxy-based coatings; H/E ratio; Instrumented microindentation,Cavitation; Cracks; Hardness; Multilayers; Scanning electron microscopy; Thickness measurement; Cavitation resistance; Crack growth data; Epoxy-based; Good correlations; H/E ratio; Micro indentation; Micro-indentation tests; Multi-layer-coating; Coatings,"Knapp R.T., Daily J.W., Hammitt F.G., Cavitation, (1970); Brennen C.E., Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, (1995); Kristensen J.K., Hansson I., Morch K.A., A simple model for cavitation erosion of metals, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 11, pp. 899-912, (1978); Hammitt F.G., Damage to solids caused by cavitation, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 260, pp. 245-255, (1966); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metals, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Preece C.M., Macmillan N.H., Erosion, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci, 7, pp. 95-121, (1977); Shima A., Studies on bubble dynamics, Shock Waves, 7, pp. 33-42, (1997); Dular M., Stoffel B., Sirok B., Development of a cavitation erosion model, Wear, 261, pp. 642-655, (2006); Brujan E.A., Ikeda T., Yoshinaka K., Matsumoto Y., The final stage of the collapse of a cloud of bubbles close to a rigid boundary, Ultrason. Sonochem., 18, pp. 59-64, (2011); Hansson I., Morch K.A., The initial stage of cavitation erosion on aluminium in water flow, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 11, pp. 147-154, (1978); Brujan E.A., Ikeda T., Matsumoto Y., On the pressure of cavitation bubbles, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 32, pp. 1188-1191, (2008); Okada T., Iwai Y., Hattori S., Tanimura N., Relation between impact load and the damage produced by cavitation bubble collapse, Wear, 184, pp. 231-239, (1995); Okada T., Iwai Y., Awazua K., Study of cavitation bubble collapse pressures and erosion part 1: A method for measurement of collapse pressures, Wear, 133, pp. 219-232, (1989); Okada T., Iwai Y., Awazua K., A study of cavitation bubble collapse pressures erosion part 2: Estimation of erosion from the distribution of bubble collapse pressures, Wear, 133, pp. 233-243, (1989); Hammitt F.G., Cavitation Erosion State of Art and Predicting Capability, Applied Mecanics Review, (1979); Zhou Y.K., Hammitt F.G., Cavitation erosion incubation period, Wear, 86, pp. 299-313, (1983); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron and nonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Cheng F.T., Shi P., Man H.C., Using a modified knoop indentation technique to estimate the cavitation erosion resistance of NiTi, Mater. Charact., 52, pp. 129-134, (2004); Long N., Zhu J., Cavitation erosion resistance and ratio of elastic deformation energy to total deformation energy for Ti3Al and TiNiNb alloys, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 14, pp. 49-52, (2004); Krella A.K., An approach to evaluate the resistance of hard coatings to shock loading, Surf. Coat. Technol., 205, pp. 2687-2695, (2010); Krella A.K., The new parameter to assess cavitation erosion resistance of hard PVD coatings, Eng. Fail. Anal., 18, pp. 855-867, (2011); Haosheng C., Shihan L., Inelastic damages by stress wave on steel surface at the incubation stage of vibration cavitation erosion, Wear, 266, pp. 69-75, (2009); Correa C.E., Garcia G.L., Garcia A.N., Bejarano W., Guzman A.A., Toro A., Wear mechanisms of epoxy-based composite coatings submitted to cavitation, Wear, 271, pp. 2274-2279, (2011); Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M., An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentacion experiments, J. Mater. Res., 7, pp. 1564-1583, (1992); Marshall D., Brian R., Indentation of Brittle Materials, Indentation of Brittle Materials, pp. 26-46, (1984); Loubet J.L., Georges J.M., Meille G., Vickers Indentation Curves of Elastoplastic Materials, pp. 72-89, (1984); Freidin A.S., Sholokhova A.B., Internal stress relaxation in polymer systems, Polym. Mech., 2, pp. 240-244, (1996); Anderson T.L., Fracture Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications, pp. 313-361, (1995); Trezona R.I., Hutchings I.M., Resistance of paint coatings to multiple solid particle impact: effect of coating thickness and substrate material, Prog. Org. Coat., 41, pp. 85-92, (2001)",,Elsevier Ltd,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84901365682 ,Da Silva F.J.; Marinho R.R.; Paes M.T.P.; Franco S.D.,"Da Silva, F.J. (7102758305); Marinho, R.R. (36562070900); Paes, M.T.P. (57197302843); Franco, S.D. (7005515930)",7102758305; 36562070900; 57197302843; 7005515930,Cavitation erosion behavior of ion-nitrided 34 CrAlNi 7 steel with different microstructures,2013,Wear,304,01-Feb,,183,190,7,12,10.1016/j.wear.2013.04.025,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879132262&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2013.04.025&partnerID=40&md5=1ebf6772325b8831774bc63e5c0ed59c,"In the design of hydraulic machines, the selection of the correct materials and the application of surface treatments are essential to improve the cavitation resistance of components. In this investigation, the cavitation erosion behavior of the compound and of the diffusion layer of ion-nitrided 34 CrAlNi 7 steel was studied. Before nitriding, the 34 CrAlNi 7 steel was heat treated by quenching and tempering and by annealing, generating microstructures that are used or could be used in the production of parts. The cavitation tests were carried out according to the ASTM G32-98 standard method. The nitriding microstructure and the wear mechanisms were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and laser interferometry. The results showed that the compound layer had a deleterious effect. It led to a reduction in the incubation time and to a high wear rate at the beginning of the test. Afterwards, the wear rate stabilized, but it was higher than that measured on the nitride samples without the compound layer. The main wear mechanism in the compound layer was microcracking. The initial steel microstructure had no effect on the cavitation erosion performance. © 2013 The Authors.",Cavitation erosion; Diffusion treatments; Erosion testing; Steel,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Hydraulic machinery; Laser interferometry; Nitriding; Scanning electron microscopy; Steel; Tribology; Wear of materials; X ray diffraction; Cavitation resistance; Deleterious effects; Diffusion layers; Diffusion treatment; Erosion testing; Hydraulic machines; Quenching and tempering; Steel microstructure; Microstructure,"Czichos H., Habig K.-H., (1992); Munsterer S., Kohlhof K., Cavitation protection by low temperature TiCN coatings, Surface and Coatings Technology, pp. 642-647, (1995); Tomlinson W.J., Talks M.G., Laser surface processing and the cavitation erosion of a 16wt% Cr white cast iron, Wear, 139, pp. 269-284, (1990); Chang J.T., Yeh C.H., He J.J., Chen K.C., Cavitation erosion and corrosion behavior of Ni-Al intermetallic coatings, Wear, 255, pp. 162-169, (2003); Han S., Lin J.H., Kuo J.J., He J.L., Shih H.C., The cavitation-erosion phenomenon of chromium nitride coatings deposited using cathodic arc plasma deposition on steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, 161, pp. 20-25, (2002); Man H.C., Zhang S., Yue T.M., Cheng F.T., Laser surface alloying of NiCrSiB on Al6061 aluminum alloy, Surface and Coatings Technology, 148, pp. 136-142, (2001); Zhou K.S., Herman H., Cavitation erosion of titanium and Ti-6A1-4V: effects of nitriding, Wear, 80, pp. 101-113, (1982); Cheng F.T., Shi P., Man H.C., Cavitation erosion resistance of heat-treated NiTi, Materials Science and Engineering, A339, pp. 312-317, (2003); Mesa D.H., Pinedo C.E., Tschiptschin A.P., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of UNS S31803 stainless steel by duplex treatment, Surface and Coatings Technology, 205, pp. 1552-1556, (2010); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Housden J., Avelar-Batista J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and PAPVD Cr1-xNx coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 1045 steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, 200, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Huang W.H., Chen K.C., He J.L., A study on the cavitation resistance of ion-nitrided steel, Wear, 252, pp. 459-466, (2002); da Silva F.J., (2008); (1998); Chatterjee-Fischer R., Et al., Wärmebehandlung von Eisenwerkstoffen: Nitrieren und Nitrocarburieren, (1995); Di M.G., Cuppari V., Souza R.M., Sinatora A., Effect of hard second phase on cavitation erosion of Fe-Cr-Ni-C alloys, Wear, 258, pp. 596-603, (2005)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84879132262 ,Atehortúa J.D.E.; Colorado R.C.; Marín J.F.S.; Barrada J.E.G.; Toro A.,"Atehortúa, Julián David Escobar (58170860400); Colorado, Ricardo Correa (55365704000); Marín, Juan Felipe Santa (22036463900); Barrada, Jorge Enrique Giraldo (8953430900); Toro, Alejandro (7005592124)",58170860400; 55365704000; 22036463900; 8953430900; 7005592124,Cavitation erosion of welded martensitic stainless steel coatings,2010,Proceedings - International Brazilian Conference on Tribology,,,,299,309,10,3,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866667026&partnerID=40&md5=662a49149b317db1f24fdd569d2b9882,"Cavitation is an issue in hydro-electric plants. Many turbines are made in 13Cr-4Ni stainless steel and must be repaired by welding in the field under very narrow time-frames. In this paper, the cavitation erosion resistance of welded martensitic stainless steels applied by semi-automatic process with a high deposition rate was tested in laboratory. The coatings were applied by GMAW transfer process using pulsed (GMAW-P) and non-pulsed (GMAW-S) welding current, a constant voltage power supply, and an AWS A5.9 ER410NiMo filler metal (1.2mm diameter) under argon-based shielding gas. The cavitation erosion tests were done in a vibratory apparatus according to ASTM G32 standard. The incubation period, the maximum erosion rate and the variation of surface roughness during the tests were reported and the results were compared with those obtained for uncoated 13Cr-4Ni steel. Cavitation erosion resistance of GMAW-P coatings was higher than that of the substrate and GMAWS coatings. After a reference time of 8 hours of testing, the cumulative mass loss of GMAW-P coating (3.93mg) was 3 and 2 times lower than that of reference materials GMAW-S (11.49mg) and 13Cr-4Ni steel (7.8mg), respectively. The maximum erosion rate of GMAW-P coatings (1.14 mgh -1) was lower than the 13Cr-4Ni substrate (2.01 mgh -1) and GMAW-S coatings (1.54mgh -1). The incubation period of the coatings showed the highest value for GMAW-P coatings (5h) with a 33% of improvement with respect to 13Cr-4Ni substrate (3.75h).",Cavitation erosion; Incubation period; Pulsed GMAW coatings; Roughness parameters,Cavitation corrosion; Electric power systems; Erosion; Filler metals; Gas metal arc welding; Martensitic stainless steel; Materials testing; Stainless steel; Steel testing; Surface roughness; Tribology; Welding; Cavitation erosion resistance; Constant voltage; Erosion rates; High deposition rates; Incubation periods; Mass loss; Ni substrates; Reference material; Reference time; Roughness parameters; Semi-automatics; Shielding gas; Transfer process; Welding current; Chromate coatings,"Easterling K.E., Introduction to the physical metallurgy of welding, Butterworths Monographs in Materials, (1983); Kou S., Welding Metallurgy, (2002); Kim Y.S., Eagar T.W., Metal transfer in pulsed current gas metal arc welding, Weld. J., 72, 7, pp. 279-287, (1993); Palania P.K., Murugan N., Selection of parameters of pulsed current gas metal arc welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 172, pp. 1-10, (2006); Kim Y.S., Eagar T.W., Analysis of metal transfer in gas metal arc Welding, Weld. J., 72, 7, pp. 269-278, (1993); Gadelmawla E.S., Et al., Roughness parameters, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 123, pp. 133-145, (2002); Thomas T.R., Rough Surfaces, pp. 144-146, (1999); Hernando P.G., Transformaciones de Fase Causadas Por un Tratamiento Térmico Posterior A la Soldadura en Acero Inoxidable Martensítico ASTM Grado CA6NM, pp. 44-63, (2008); Lippold J.C., Kotecki D.J., Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels Wiley, (2005); Castro R.J., De Cadenet J.J., Metallurgy of Stainless and Heat Resisting Steels, pp. 48-50; Escobar J.D., Et al., Evaluación mecánica tribológica y microestructural de soldaduras de acero inoxidable martensítico del tipo AWS A5.9 ER 410 NiMo, III Conferencia Internacional de Soldadura y Unión de Materialesicwjm, (2010); Heathcock, Et al., Cavitation erosion of stainless steel, Wear, 81, pp. 311-327, (1982); Turani Vaz C., Avaliação da Resistência À Erosão Por Cavitação Do Metal de Soldas Produzidas Com Consumíveis Tipo 13%Cr - 4%Ni - 0,4%Mo, (2004)",,,,,,Proc. - Int. Braz. Conf. Tribol.,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84866667026 ,Santa J.F.; Espitia L.A.; Blanco J.A.; Romo S.A.; Toro A.,"Santa, J.F. (22036463900); Espitia, L.A. (26538490500); Blanco, J.A. (57198139475); Romo, S.A. (57207614340); Toro, A. (7005592124)",22036463900; 26538490500; 57198139475; 57207614340; 7005592124,Slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of thermal spray coatings,2009,Wear,267,01-Apr,,160,167,7,137,10.1016/j.wear.2009.01.018,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65749118603&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2009.01.018&partnerID=40&md5=cf2921388335191341c0a2bae33b843b,"The slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of six thermal spray coatings were studied in laboratory and compared to that of an uncoated martensitic stainless steel. Nickel, chromium oxide and tungsten carbide coatings were applied by oxy fuel powder (OFP) process and chromium and tungsten carbide coatings were obtained by high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) process. The microstructure of the coatings was analyzed by light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cavitation erosion resistance of the coatings was measured in a vibratory apparatus according to ASTM G32 standard and the slurry erosion tests were carried out in a modified centrifugal pump in which the samples were conveniently placed to guarantee grazing incidence conditions, as well as in a high velocity jet erosion testing machine. The results showed that the slurry erosion resistance of the steel can be improved up to 16 times by the application of the thermally sprayed coatings. On the other hand, none of the coated specimens showed better cavitation resistance than the uncoated steel in the experiments. The main mass removal mechanisms observed in all the coatings submitted to slurry erosion were micro-cutting and micro-ploughing as well as detachment of hard particles. In cavitation erosion, OFP coatings showed brittle fracture and microcracking, and in nickel-based coatings some ductile deformation was also observed. In HVOF coatings, detachment of small particles led to coalescence of pores in WC/Co coatings while in CrC coatings the main wear mechanism was brittle fracture of particles.",Cavitation erosion; Slurry erosion; Thermal spray coatings; Wear mechanisms,Brittle fracture; Brittleness; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Centrifugal pumps; Centrifugation; Chromium; Coalescence; Ductile fracture; Erosion; Hard coatings; Hydraulic machinery; Light; Martensite; Metal recovery; Nickel alloys; Nickel oxide; Optical microscopy; Papermaking machinery; Powder coatings; Pumps; Scanning electron microscopy; Stainless steel; Stripping (removal); Thermal spraying; Tribology; Tungsten; Tungsten carbide; Wear of materials; X ray diffraction; Cavitation erosion; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation resistance; Chromium oxides; Ductile deformations; Erosion testing; Grazing incidence; Hard particles; High velocity jet; High velocity oxy fuel; HVOF coatings; Light optical microscopies; Martensitic stainless steels; Mass removal; Micro-cutting; Nickel-based coatings; Oxy-fuel; SEM; Slurry erosion; Small particles; Thermal spray coatings; Thermally sprayed coatings; Tungsten carbide coating; Wear mechanisms; Sprayed coatings,"Niederau H.J., State of Development of Soft Martensitic Stainless Chromium Nickel Steels, (1997); Kachele T., Recent research results on predicting and preventing silt erosion, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Silting Problems in Hydropower Plants, (1999); Li S.C., Cavitation of Hydraulic Machinery, (2000); Sugiyama K., Et al., Slurry wear and cavitation erosion of thermal-sprayed cermets, Wear Volume, 258, pp. 768-775, (2005); Boy J.S., Et al., Cavitation- and Erosion-Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings USACERL Technical Report, (1997); Pawlowski L., The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings, (1995); Santa J.F., Baena J.C., Toro A., Slurry erosion of thermal spray coatings and stainless steels for hydraulic machinery, Wear, 263, pp. 258-264, (2007); Pacheco H., Phase Transformation Caused by a Post Weld Heat Treatment in ASTM A743 CA6NM Stainless Steel, (2008); Longo F., Coating operations, Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, (2004); Stack M.M., Abd El-Badia T.M., Some comments on mapping the combined effects of slurry concentration, impact velocity and electrochemical potential on the erosion-corrosion of WC/Co-Cr coatings, Wear, 264, pp. 826-837, (2008)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-65749118603 ,Huang W.H.; Chen K.C.; He J.L.,"Huang, W.H. (56124905100); Chen, K.C. (9637475400); He, J.L. (7404983777)",56124905100; 9637475400; 7404983777,A study on the cavitation resistance of ion-nitrided steel,2002,Wear,252,05-Jun,,459,466,7,31,10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00897-3,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036503591&doi=10.1016%2fS0043-1648%2801%2900897-3&partnerID=40&md5=c452f45b2a970c2f1677bd75a0652873,"Cavitation is a common deterioration process of a material resulting from high-speed fluid attack. Surface treatments are usually preferably considered to promote cavitation resistance because economic reason and longer durability consideration. The cavitation behaviors of ion-nitrided carbon steel, the response of nitriding layer to various cavitation environments, in particular, were studied. An ASTM G32-85 standard method was conducted to proceed cavitation test in fresh water, 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 3.5 wt.% HCl aqueous electrolytes, respectively. Experimental results show that nitriding of steel would reduce the cavitation rate of the S48C steel in fresh water due to the hard nitrided surface which could resist mechanical damage. Electrochemical corrosion plays a part in the case of 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 3.5 wt.% HCl electrolytes. Ion-nitrided specimens in the former electrolyte, therefore, become less protective than in fresh water with, however, lower cavitation rate than blank steel. Ion-nitrided specimen in the later electrolyte subjecting primarily to electrochemical attack to the nitriding layer, which has high corrosion current, shows inferior cavitation resistance than blank substrate. Therefore, the method of surface modification should be properly determined depending on what electrolyte would be used. Ion nitriding of carbon steel in our case is suitable for fresh water and 3.5 wt.% NaCl electrolyte, but not for 3.5 wt.% HCl electrolyte. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",Cavitation erosion; Corrosion; Ion nitriding,cavitation damage; corrosion resistance; nitriding; steel; Cavitation; Corrosion resistance; Deterioration; Electrochemical corrosion; Electrolytes; Substrates; Surface treatment; Cavitation resistance; Ion-nitrided steel; Carbon steel,"Budinski K.G., Surface Engineering for Wear Resistance, (1988); Fontana M.G., Greene N.D., Corrosion Engineering, (1978); Woodford D.A., Metall. Trans, 3, (1972); Rao B.C.S., Buckley D.H., Mat. Sci. Eng, 67, (1984); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Int. Metallurg. Rev, 30, 1, (1986); Chang S.C., Weng W.H., Chen H.C., Lin S.J., Chung P.C.K., Wear, 181-183, pp. 511-515, (1995); Munsterer S., Kohlhof K., Surf. Coat. Technol, 74-75, pp. 642-647, (1995); Iwai Y., Okada T., Fujieda T., Awazu K., Wear, 128, pp. 189-200, (1988); Zhou K.S., Wang D.Z., Liu M., Surf. Coat. Technol, 34, pp. 79-87, (1987); Richman R.H., Rao A.S., Kung D., Wear, 181-183, pp. 80-85, (1995); He J.L., Won K.W., Chang C.T., Chen K.C., Lin H.C., Wear, 233-235, pp. 104-110, (1999); Chang J.T., He J.L., Chin J., Corrosion Eng, 13, 4, pp. 155-165, (1999); Chyou S.D., Chin J., Corrosion Eng, 9, 3, pp. 181-191, (1995); Zhou K.S., Herman H., Wear, 80, pp. 101-113, (1982); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test; Chyou S.D., Shih H.C., Corrosion, 47, 1, pp. 31-34, (1991); Marques P.V., Trevisan R.E., Mater. Charat, 41, pp. 193-200, (1998); Smith W.F., Principles of Materials Science and Engineering, (1996)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-0036503591 ,Hattori S.; Ishikura R.,"Hattori, Shuji (7201924362); Ishikura, Ryohei (57191366664)",7201924362; 57191366664,Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data,2010,Wear,268,1,,109,116,7,83,10.1016/j.wear.2009.07.005,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71849099261&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2009.07.005&partnerID=40&md5=86b4ab860e532450a53a5bb8b44642c5,"Cavitation erosion data have been accumulated in our laboratory for about 32 years since 1970. The database was constructed as electronic data in MS Excel files. The data files are able to offer quick search in terms of the test material, test method and test conditions from among 859 data. In this study, 131 data since 2003 were newly added to the database constructed in our previous study. The stainless steel data were analyzed, including various stainless steels such as ferritic, austenitic, duplex and martensitic stainless steels. Vibratory cavitation test results for different stainless steels, obtained with varying test conditions of frequency, amplitude and attachment of specimen, were converted analytically to obtain average erosion rates under assumed standardized conditions of a stationary specimen test with 1 mm standoff distance, and with frequency and amplitude as specified by ASTM G32. The average of erosion rate under the standardized condition (ASTM G32, stationary specimen method, standoff distance 1 mm) was determined for different stainless steels. The erosion resistance was defined as a reciprocal of erosion rate, and the correlation between erosion resistance and hardness of the specimen after erosion test was better than with the other mechanical properties. The erosion resistance is equal to 2.6E-07 × (HV × Fmat)2.4 (HV; Vickers hardness, Fmat; material factor), and the correlation coefficient is 0.98. It was concluded that the erosion resistance of different stainless steels could be estimated with high reliability from the material hardness and the material factor. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Cavitation; Cavitation erosion; Erosion; Hardness; Iron and steel,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Corrosion resistant alloys; Database systems; Erosion; Ferritic steel; Iron; Martensite; Mechanical properties; Spreadsheets; Testing; Vickers hardness; Austenitic; Cavitation erosion; Correlation coefficient; Data files; Electronic data; Erosion rates; Erosion resistance; Erosion test; High reliability; Iron and steel; Martensitic stainless steels; Material factor; Material hardness; MS Excel; Specimen tests; Standoff distance; Test condition; Test materials; Test method; Test results; Stainless steel,"Thiruvengadam A., The concept of erosion strength, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, (1967); Hobbs J.M., Experience with a 20-kc Cavitation Erosion Test, (1967); Heymann F.J., Toward Quantitative Prediction of Liquid Impact Erosion, (1970); Hammitt F.G., Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Phenomena, (1980); Preece C.M., Cavitation erosion, Treat. Mater. Sci. Technol., 16, pp. 249-305, (1979); Karimi A., Martin J.L., Cavitation erosion of materials, Int. Met. Rev., 31, 1, pp. 1-26, (1986); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Construction of database on cavitation erosion and analyses of carbon steel data, Wear, 257, pp. 1022-1029, (2004); Designation, G32-03, Standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 2003, pp. 1-14; Kato H., Cavitation, (1979); Okada T., Hattori S., Cavitation erosion (2), Sci. Mach., 49-10, pp. 1078-1081, (1997); Hammitt F.G., Okada T., Vibratory horn cavitation erosion comparisons, J. Test. Eval. JTEVA, 8, 6, pp. 324-328, (1980); Hirayama T., Influence of chemical composition on martensitic transformation in Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel, J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 34, pp. 505-515, (1970); Usami K., Tetsu-to-Hagane, 75, 5, (1989); Ozaki T., Ishikawa Y., Akiyama M., Corrosion damage of saltwater equipment, Maintenance, pp. 92-97, (2000)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-71849099261 Bordeasu,Dan Jurchela A.; Bordeasu I.; Mitelea I.; Karabenciov A.,"Dan Jurchela, Alin (56524479500); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Karabenciov, Adrian (56271454800)",56524479500; 13409573100; 16309955100; 56271454800,Considerations on the effects of carbon content on the cavitation erosion resistance of stainles steels with controled content of chromium and carbon,2012,"METAL 2012 - Conference Proceedings, 21st International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials",,,,718,723,5,3,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923924874&partnerID=40&md5=d1d67da8b786c1a5f66021ee2b9b0fd1,"The paper analyses the cavitation erosion resistance of four stainless steels cast after specific recipes for hydraulic rotors and blades. After the casting process, the steels were subjected to an annealing treatment and a hardening process. These stainless steels have controlled contents of chromium and nickel and variable contents of carbon (about 0.1% or about 0.036%). The rating of the steels' behavior to cavitation damage is based on the medium depth of erosion (MDE) parameter. Also, the effects of the microstructural elements and of the mechanical properties generated by the chemical composition are analyzed. The tests were conducted at the Hydraulic Machines Laboratory in Timişoara, on the vibratory apparatus with piezoceramic crystals, which was built according to the requirements of ASTM G32-10 standard. The testing of the four stainless steels vas conducted in tap water, the reason being that tap water is considered to be the closest to the operating environment of hydraulic pumps and turbines. The test method used for the cavitation erosion research is in accordance to the ASTM G32-10 standard. Three specimens were tested for each steel type, and they were extracted from the same block of material. The total testing time was 165 minutes and it is divided in 12 testing periods (the first period had 5 minutes, the second period had 10 minutes, the rest of the periods had 15 minutes each). The results show that an increased content of carbon tends to improve the cavitation erosion resistance.",Cavitation erosion; Characteristic curves; Microstructure; Stainless steel,Carbon; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chemical analysis; Chromium; Erosion; Hardening; Hydraulic machinery; Hydraulic motors; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; Piezoelectric ceramics; Stainless steel; Testing; Annealing treatments; Cavitation erosion resistance; Characteristic curve; Chemical compositions; Hardening process; Hydraulic machines; Microstructural elements; Operating environment; Steel castings,"Liu W., Zheng Y.G., Liu C.S., Yao Z.M., Ke W., Cavitation erosion behavior of Cr-Mn-N stainless steels in comparison with 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel, Wear, 254, pp. 713-722, (2003); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Cavitation erosion resistance of Cr-N coating deposited on stainless steel, Wear, 260, pp. 1324-1332, (2006); Park M.C., Kim J.H., Kim S.J., Effect of carbon on the cavitation erosion resistance of Fe-Ni-C austenitic alloys, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, pp. 133-791, (2009); Di Cuppari M.G.V., Souza R.M., Sinatora A., Effect of hard second phase on cavitation erosion of Fe-Cr-Ni-C alloys, Wear, 258, pp. 596-603, (2005); Kumar P., Saini R.P., Study of cavitation in hydro turbines - A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, pp. 374-383, (2010); Popoviciu M., Tehnologia Fabricatiei Sistemelor Hidrauluce, (1998); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalə a Materialelor, (2006); Jurchela A., Bordeasu I., Karabenciov A., Oanca O., Cavitation resistance of stainless steels with constant chromium and carbon content, ModTech International Conference - New Face of TMCR Modern Technologies, Quality and Innovation, pp. 549-552, (2011); Mitelea I., Stinţa Materialelor in Construcţia de Maşini, (1999); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Popoviciu M., Chirita C., Method for classifying stainless steels upon cavitation resistance, METAL 2011, 20th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, (2011)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729431-4,,"METAL - Conf. Proc., Int. Conf. Metall. Mater.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84923924874 ,Nedelcu D.; Cojocaru V.; Nedeloni M.; Peris-Bendu F.; Ghican A.,"Nedelcu, D. (24366917300); Cojocaru, V. (39861063200); Nedeloni, M. (51461772300); Peris-Bendu, F. (56872995600); Ghican, A. (56272407000)",24366917300; 39861063200; 51461772300; 56872995600; 56272407000,Failure analysis of a Ti-6Al-4V ultrasonic horn used in cavitation erosion tests,2015,Mechanika,21,4,,272,276,4,6,10.5755/j01.mech.21.3.10023,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942411754&doi=10.5755%2fj01.mech.21.3.10023&partnerID=40&md5=792aac841bff10e7303797fe19f113e5,"During the testing of the materials' cavitation erosion resistance on vibratory systems by direct method (ASTM G32), the thread from the ultrasonic horn - test specimen connection, is subjected to fatigue. Operational experience has shown the occurrence of cracks and fractures in this area after a number of stress cycles that was lower than anticipated. The paper presents an analysis applied on four types of ultrasonic horns geometries: the original geometry with an external thread M12 and three modified geometries, with an internal thread M10 and M8. The four geometries were subjected to static analysis in order to determine the stress distribution. Based on static analysis, the behavior of the horns to fatigue was simulated and analyzed, determining the fatigue life, safety factors and optimal geometry.",Fatigue; Thread; Ti6Al4V cavitation erosion tests; Ultrasonic horn,Cavitation; Erosion; Failure analysis; Fatigue of materials; Geometry; Materials testing; Safety factor; Static analysis; Cavitation erosion resistance; Internal threads; Operational experience; Optimal geometry; Thread; Ti-6al-4v; Ultrasonic horn; Vibratory systems; Ultrasonic testing,"Bordeasu I., Cavitational Erosion of Materials, Politehnica Printing House, Timisoara, (2006); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Bregliozzi G., Di Schino A., Ahmed S.I.-U., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behavior of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Chiu K.Y., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Cavitation Erosion Resistance of AISI 316L Stainless Steel Laser Surface-modified with NiTi, Materials Science and Engineering A, 392, pp. 348-358, (2005); Cojocaru V., Campian C.V., Frunzaverde D., Ion I., Cuzmos A., Dumbrava C., Laboratory tests concerning the influence of surface hardening on the cavitation erosion resistance, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Engineering Mechanics, pp. 210-213, (2010); Nedeloni M.D., Research Regarding the Cavitation Erosion on Materials Used to Manufacture the Components of Hydraulic Turbines, (2012); Carboni M., Failure analysis of two aluminium alloy sonotrodes for ultrasonic plastic welding, International Journal of Fatigue, 60, pp. 110-120, (2014); Sirbu N.A., Oanca O., Serban S.I., Failure Analysis of the Titanium Alloy Horn Used in Ultrasonic Processing of Polymeric Materials in the Automotive Industry, (2013); Nedeloni M.D., Nedelcu D., Ion I., Ciubotariu R., Calibration of A Sonotrode from A Stand Component for Test Cavitation Erosion Through Direct Method, 17, pp. 119-124, (2012); Boyer H.E., Atlas of Fatigue Curves, ASM International, Ohio, (1986); Ritchie R.O., Davidson D.L., Boyce B.L., Campbell J.P., Roder O., High-cycle fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 22, 7, pp. 621-631, (1999); Knobbe H., Koster P., Christ A.J., Ftitzen C.P., Riedler M., Initiation and propagation of short fatigue cracks in forged Ti6Al4V, Procedia Engineering, 2, pp. 931-940, (2010); Liu Y.J., Ouyang Q.L., Tian R.H., Wang Q.Y., Fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V subjected to simulated body fluid, Structural Longevity, 2, 3, pp. 169-175, (2009)",,Kauno Technologijos Universitetas,13921207,,,Mechanika,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84942411754 ,Meged Y.,"Meged, Y. (6506180865)",6506180865,Vibratory cavitation erosion with vibrating and stationary specimens,2014,Materials Performance and Characterization,3,1,,391,419,28,2,10.1520/MPC20140047,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088997541&doi=10.1520%2fMPC20140047&partnerID=40&md5=31be0a7a7483448edefacddd1cf4f644,"In the framework of the International Cavitation Erosion Test (ICET), 119 vibratory cavitation erosion tests were performed. Seventy of these tests were with vibrating specimens (VRV), and forty-nine with stationary specimens (VRS). From these tests, twenty tests of each type were chosen for this study. VRV tests are covered by ASTM G32-10, whereas for VRS, no standard has yet been published. This anomaly stems from the difficulties encountered in both testing and evaluating of VRS tests. All forty cavitation erosion–time curves were analyzed by the Transient Response for Erosion (TRE) method. For each curve, all three parameters were determined, namely: time lag (TL), time constant (s), and the asymptotic value of the mean depth of erosion, mean depth of erosion (MDE) MDEMAX. These parameters were further applied to calculate the scatter of test results as obtained from various specimens tested under identical conditions. This method enables the determination of the absolute and relative scatter values at any time value along the test. Finally, several guidelines are specified for preparation of a future VRS standard. Copyright © 2014 by ASTM International.",ICET; Standoff clearance; Stationary specimen; Transient response for erosion method; Vibrating specimen; Vibratory cavitation erosion,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Testing; Transient analysis; Erosion test; Erosion time; International cavitation erosion test; Mean depth of erosions; Standoff clearance; Stationary specimen; Time curves; Transient response for erosion method; Vibrating specimen; Vibratory cavitation erosion; Erosion,"Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2010); Steller J., International Cavitation Erosion Test, Preliminary Report, Experimental Data, IMP PAN Report 20/98; Meged Y., Ranking of Materials’ Erosion Resistance and of Erosion Test Methods’ Intensity by the Transient Response Method, J. Test. Eval., 39, 1, (2011); Practice for Liquid Impingement Erosion Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2010); Meged Y., Thermal Control of the Test Liquid in Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Tests, J. Test. Eval., 33, 5, (2005)",,ASTM International,21653992,,,Mater. Perform. Charact.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85088997541 ,Escobar J.D.; Velásquez E.; Santos T.F.A.; Ramirez A.J.; López D.,"Escobar, J.D. (58170860400); Velásquez, E. (34968774100); Santos, T.F.A. (55734478100); Ramirez, A.J. (7401735013); López, D. (23065780700)",58170860400; 34968774100; 55734478100; 7401735013; 23065780700,Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of a duplex stainless steel through friction stir processing (FSP),2013,Wear,297,01-Feb,,998,1005,7,61,10.1016/j.wear.2012.10.005,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871597027&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2012.10.005&partnerID=40&md5=96d7417a09a651b329d9e85a71f1133d,"The cavitation erosion (CE) resistance of an UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) was improved through microstructural modification using friction stir processing (FSP). As-received material was processed using 200. rpm and 100. mm/min spindle and travel speeds, respectively. The cavitation erosion tests were performed in a vibratory apparatus according to ASTM G32 standard. The incubation period, the maximum erosion rate and the variation of surface roughness during the tests are reported and the results are compared with those obtained for the base metal samples (BMS). The worn surfaces were characterized using roughness measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After a CE testing time of 10. h, FSP samples showed a 70% diminution of the mass loss when compared to the BMS. Moreover, a 200% enhancement of incubation time and 100% reduction in the erosion rate were achieved after FPS. The improvement of CE performance is related to the recrystallized and refined microstructure, as well as to the modification of the elongated α/γ interfaces. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion; Duplex stainless steel; Friction stir processing; Incubation period; Roughness parameters,Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface roughness; Base metals; Cavitation erosion resistance; Duplex stainless steel; Erosion rates; Friction stir processing; Incubation periods; Incubation time; Mass loss; Microstructural modification; Refined microstructure; Roughness parameters; Testing time; Travel speed; Worn surface; Stainless steel,"Lula R.A., Stainless Steels, (1986); Alvarez-Armas I., Degallaix-Moreuil S., Duplex Stainless Steels, (2009); Pohl M., Stella J., Quantitative CLSM roughness study on early cavitation-erosion damage, Wear, 252, 5-6, pp. 501-511, (2002); Karimi A., Cavitation erosion of a duplex stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering, 86, pp. 191-203191, (1987); Bregliozzi G., Di Schino A., Ahmed S.I.-U., Kenny J.M., Haefke H., Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Wear, 258, pp. 503-510, (2005); Al-Hashem A., Riad W., The effect of duplex stainless steel microstructure on its cavitation morphology in seawater, Materials Characterization, 47, pp. 389-395, (2001); Ma Z.Y., Pilchak A.L., Juhas M.C., Williams J.C., Scripta Materialia, 58, 5, pp. 361-366, (2008); El-Danaf E.A., El-Rayes M.M., Soliman M.S., Materials and Design, 31, 3, pp. 1231-1236, (2010); Chabok A., Dehghani K., Dependence of Zener parameter on the nanograins formed during friction stir processing of interstitial free steels, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528, 13-14, pp. 4325-4330, (2011); Sterling C., Effects of Friction Stir Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fusion Welded 304L Stainless Steel, (2004); Mishra R.S., Mahoney M.V., Friction stir welding and processing, Ohio: ASM International, (2007); (1996); pp. 212-248, (1970); (1996); (1997); Gadelmawla E.S., Et al., Roughness parameters, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 123, pp. 133-145, (2002); Santos T.F.A, Queiroz R.R.M., Ramirez A.J., (2011); Sato Y.S., Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 397, pp. 376-384, (2005); Saeid T., Abdollah-zadeh A., Assadi H., MalekGhaini F., Effect of friction stir welding speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a duplex stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 496, pp. 262-268, (2008); Steel R.J., Friction stir welding of SAF 2507 (UNS S32750) super duplex stainless, Steel Stainless Steel World, 16, pp. 1-16, (2004); Espitia L.A., Toro A., Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components, Journal of Tribology, 43, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Escobar J., Correa R., Santa J.P., Giraldo J.E., Toro A., Cavitation erosion of welded martensitic stainless steel coatings, pp. 299-309; Tom R., Thomas. Rough Surfaces, (1999); Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology, 18, (1992); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., Correlation of cavitation erosion behavior with mechanical properties of metal, Wear, 140, pp. 63-82, (1990); Kim J.H., Et al., Effect of manganese on the cavitation erosion resistance of iron-chromium carbonsilicon alloys for replacing cobalt-base stellite, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 352, pp. 85-89, (2006); Duraiselvam M., Et al., Cavitation erosion resistance of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel laser-clad with nickel aluminide intermetallic composites and matrix composites with TiC reinforcement, Surface and Coatings Techhnology, 201, pp. 1289-1295, (2006); Kwok C.T., Man H.C., Cheng F.T., Cavitation erosion and damage mechanisms of alloys with duplex structures, Materials Science and Engineering, A242, pp. 108-120, (1998); Hattori S., Ishikura R., Revision of cavitation erosion database and analysis of stainless steel data, Wear, 268, pp. 109-116, (2010); Abouel-Kasem A., Ezz El-Deen A., Emara K.M., Ahmed S.M., Investigation into cavitation rrosion pits, Journal of Tribology, 131, (2009)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84871597027 ,Hanke S.; Beyer M.; Silvonen A.; dos Santos J.F.; Fischer A.,"Hanke, S. (55458153200); Beyer, M. (36714956400); Silvonen, Aulis (6506111795); dos Santos, J.F. (25942239600); Fischer, A. (7403486351)",55458153200; 36714956400; 6506111795; 25942239600; 7403486351,Cavitation erosion of Cr60Ni40 coatings generated by friction surfacing,2013,Wear,301,01-Feb,,415,423,8,27,10.1016/j.wear.2012.11.016,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879163551&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2012.11.016&partnerID=40&md5=4fc0bfdd0fb580b387610bf270d077f5,"CrNi-alloys with high Cr-content generally are quite brittle and, therefore, only available as castings and regarded as neither weldable nor deformable. The process of friction surfacing offers a possibility to generate Cr60Ni40 coatings e.g. on steel or Ni-base substrates. Cavitation tests were carried out using an ultrasonic vibratory test rig (~ASTM G32) with cast specimens and friction surfaced coatings. The coatings show less deformation and smaller disruptions, and wear rates in steady state were found to be three times higher for the cast and heat treated samples than for the coatings, caused by a highly wear resistant Cr-rich phase. The results of this study show that it is possible to generate defect free coatings of Cr60Ni40 with a thickness of about 250. μm by friction surfacing, which under cavitation show a better wear behavior than the cast material. Thus, in combination with a ductile substrate, these coatings are likely to extend the range of applicability of such high-temperature corrosion resistant alloys. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.",Hardfacing; Microstructure; Solid-state joining; Two-phase alloy,Cavitation; Corrosion resistant alloys; Deformation; Friction welding; Hard facing; Microstructure; Nickel; Substrates; Wear of materials; Defect free coatings; Ductile substrate; Friction surfacing; High temperature corrosions; Solid-state joining; Two-phase alloys; Wear behaviors; Wear resistant; Coatings,"Herda W., Swales G.L., Neue nickel-chrom-Legierungen mit hoher Beständigkeit gegen Brennstoffaschenkorrosion, Werkstoffe und Korrosion, pp. 679-689, (1968); (1993); Vollaro M.B., Potter D.I., Phase formation in coevaporated Ni-Cr thin films, Thin Solid Films, 239, pp. 37-46, (1994); Sethuraman A.R., De Angelis R.J., Reucroft P.J., Diffraction studies on Ni-Co and Ni-Cr alloy thin films, Journal of Material Research, pp. 749-754, (1991); Sarbu C., Rau S.A., Popescu-Pogrion N., Birjega M.I., The structure of flash-evaporated Cr-Ni (65:35) and Cr-Ni (50:50) thin films, Thin Solid Films, 28, pp. 311-322, (1975); Birjega M.I., Alexe M., The influence of the argon pressure and substrate temperature on the structure of r.f.-sputtered CrNi(65:35), CrNi(50:50) and CrNi(20:80) thin films, Thin Solid Films, 275, pp. 152-154, (1996); Nash P., The Cr-Ni (Chromium-Nickel) System, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, pp. 466-476, (1986); Kaufman L., Nesor H., Calculation of the binary phase diagrams of iron, chromium, nickel and cobalt, Zeitschrift für Metallkunde, pp. 249-257, (1973); (2006); Li J.Q., Shinoda T., Underwater friction surfacing, Surface Engineering, pp. 31-35, (2000); Khalid Rafi H., Janaki Ram G.D., Phanikumar G., Prasad Rao K., Microstructural evolution during friction surfacing of tool steel H13, Materials and Design, 32, pp. 82-87, (2011); Hanke S., Fischer A., Beyer M., dos Santos J., Cavitation erosion of NiAl-bronze layers generated by friction surfacing, Wear, pp. 32-37, (2011); (2003); Kossowsky R., Creep behavior of Ni-Cr lamellar eutectic alloy, Metallurgical Transactions, pp. 1909-1919, (1970); Sarzhan G.F., Trefilov V.I., Firstov S.A., Study of the disintegration of a supersaturated solid solution on chromium base in the system Cr-Ni, Fizika Metallov I Metallovedenie, pp. 294-298, (1971); Liu X.M., Zou Z.D., Zhang Y.H., Qu S.Y., Wang X.H., Transferring mechanism of the coating rod in friction surfacing, Surface and Coatings Technology, 202, pp. 1889-1894, (2008); Bedford G.M., Vitanov V.I., Voutchkov I.I., On the thermo-mechanical events during friction surfacing of high speed steels, Surface and Coatings Technology, 141, pp. 34-39, (2001); Kawazoe T., Ura A., Saito M., Nishikido S., Erosion characteristics of surface hardened Ni-Al bronze, Surface Engineering, pp. 37-40, (1997); Momber A., Kovacevic R., Fracture of brittle multiphase materials by high energy water jets, Journal of Materials Science, 31, pp. 1081-1085, (1996)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,All Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-84879163551 Bordeasu,Oanca O.; Pasca N.; Bordeasu I.; Mitelea I.,"Oanca, Octavian (35339518200); Pasca, Niculai (55258050600); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100)",35339518200; 55258050600; 13409573100; 16309955100,Horn failure analysis from titanium alloy used in ultrasonic cavitational process,2012,"METAL 2012 - Conference Proceedings, 21st International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials",,,,1541,1546,5,1,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923886672&partnerID=40&md5=a80d970aef9ca111b15d07f54132854a,"This paper present a failure analysis for a horn used in material cavitational testing from titanium alloys with Ti 99.2, C max 0.1 [in wt.%] chemical composition and ultimate tensile strength characteristics of 344 MPa and fatigue limit 300 MPa according ASTM B265 standard. For this material has been performed a chemical analysis with an X-ray instrument to compare with the specification standard. The analysis results have showed the same chemical composition with Ti 99.1, C 0.1 and Fe 0.25 [in wt.%]. The horn has been realized according the ASTM G32-2010 norms. The horn failure analysis from titanium alloy has performed with micro and macrostructural material determination, nondestructive testing for cracks in material determination and sound propagation speed determination in horn material. In this paper using specialization software has been determinate the main parameters of the horn like magnification coefficient, amplitude size, stress curve in the horn, dimension and shape of the horn. The fracture surface has been showed the fatigue typical aspect presence in horn fracture surface which appear in ultrasonic process. Using the simulation software has been determinate the stress zones concentrators in the horn and the maximum stress values. The stress results from simulation show the risk zones in horn. This analysis showed that the material used in ultrasonic horn has the good characteristics for cavitational testing tool, but is requires a special attention in horn manufacturing.",Cavitation process; Horn; Strain; Stress; Titanium alloy,Alloys; Computer software; Failure analysis; Fracture; Nondestructive examination; Strain; Strength of materials; Stresses; Tensile strength; Tensile testing; Titanium; Titanium alloys; Ultrasonic testing; Chemical compositions; Fracture surfaces; Horn; Main parameters; Simulation software; Sound propagation; Ultimate tensile strength; Ultrasonic process; Chemical analysis,"Amza Gh., Ultrasunetele. Aplicatii Active, (2006); Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitationala a Materialelor, (2006); Mitelea I., Demian M.E., Bordeasu I., Cavitation Resistance of Titanium Alloys Coated with Oxides Powder by Plasma Spraying and Laser Beam Remelting, 1, pp. 325-328, (2011); Lutjering G., Williams J.C., Gysler A., Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloy, 2, (2000); ASTM Standard G 32, Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, (2010)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729431-4,,"METAL - Conf. Proc., Int. Conf. Metall. Mater.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84923886672 Bordeasu,Ghera C.; Mitelea I.; Bordeasu I.; Craciunescu C.,"Ghera, Cristian (57038932100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Craciunescu, Corneliu (6603971254)",57038932100; 16309955100; 13409573100; 6603971254,Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of a low alloyed steel 16MnCr5 through work hardening,2015,"METAL 2015 - 24th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,661,666,5,3,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020109974&partnerID=40&md5=b75999793a2d45dc378693ae0ca8ee78,"This paper analyses the effect of work hardening on the behaviour to cavitation erosion for the low alloyed steel 16MnCr5. Cavitation tests were conducted on a vibrator device with piezoceramic crystals, which fully complies with the requirements imposed by the ASTM G32 - 2010. The evaluation of behaviour at cavitation erosion was made based on curves gradient of hardness on the section of layer hardened by cold plastic deformation, as well as the variation curves of cavitation parameters MDE (depth of penetration of erosion) and MDER (penetration rate of erosion) with the duration of test. The topography of surfaces damaged by cavitation and the structural changes resulting in marginal layer were analysed with light microscopy and scanning electron microscope, they justified the significant increases of resistance to cavitation erosion.",Cavitation erosion; Low alloyed steel; Work hardening,Cavitation corrosion; Erosion; Hardening; Metallurgy; Metals; Piezoelectric ceramics; Plastic deformation; Scanning electron microscopy; Strain hardening; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cold plastic deformation; Low alloyed steels; Paper analysis; Penetration rates; Piezoceramic; Cavitation,"Bordeau I., Popoviciu M., Comportarea la cavitaie a unor materiale utilizate în construcia aparatelor hidraulice de comand i reglare, Conferina Internaional de Sisteme Hidropneumatice de Acionare, 3, (1995); Bordeau I., Eroziunea Cavitaional A Materialelor, (2006); Bordeau I., Mitelea I., Katona S.E., Considerations regarding the behaviour of some austenitic stainless steels to cavitation erosion, METAL 2012, 21th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Ostrava: TANGER, pp. 730-735, (2012); Mitelea I., Tillmann W., Tiina Materialelor, 1, (2007); Mitelea I., Ghera C., Bordeau I., Crciunescu C., Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of a duplex treated 16MnCr5 steel, International Journal of Materials Research, 106, 4, pp. 391-397, (2015); Oanc O., Tehnici de Optimizare A Rezistenei la Eroziunea Prin Cavitaie A Unor Aliaje CuAlNiFeMn Destinate Execuiei Elicelor Navale, (2014); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus ASTM G32-2010; Mitelea I., Tillmann W., Tiina Materialelor, 2, (2007)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729462-8,,"METAL - Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-85020109974 ,Kim S.-J.; Lee S.-J.; Park Y.-S.; Jeong J.-Y.; Jang S.-K.,"Kim, Seong-Jong (34769651100); Lee, Seung-Jun (57203597348); Park, Young-Soo (57204096525); Jeong, Jae-Yong (16744025400); Jang, Seok-Ki (55820252500)",34769651100; 57203597348; 57204096525; 16744025400; 55820252500,Influence of sealing on damage development in thermally sprayed Al-Zn-Zr coating,2014,Science of Advanced Materials,6,9,,2066,2070,4,3,10.1166/sam.2014.2118,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84913589286&doi=10.1166%2fsam.2014.2118&partnerID=40&md5=9bdd642a64112761b283ef98fca14101,"Great advancements have been made in large and high-speed vessels, but ship materials have caused a variety of problems, such as corrosion, cavitation, and erosion. Cavitation can damage materials, such as pumps, turbines, valves, and ship propellers. To solve these problems, the cavitation and electrochemical characteristics for thermal spray coating and sealing are executed to obtain excellent corrosion protection characteristics in a seawater environment. In this study, cavitation erosion experiment was conducted to investigate the use of modified ASTM-G32 for 85%Al-14%Zn-1%Zr thermal spray coating and its sealing in seawater. As a result of these electrochemical experiments, the sealed specimen presented good corrosion resistance. However, the thermal spray coated specimen in the cavitation tests presented good anti-cavitation characteristics compare to the coating + sealed specimen. © 2014 by American Scientific Publishers.",Cavitation; Corrosion; Electrochemical characteristics; Thermal spray coating,,"Hwang J.H., Lim U.J., Jeong K.C., Bull. Korean Soc. Fish. Tech., 33, (1997); Kim K.J., Lim H.G., Kim Y.J., J. Corros. Sci. Soc. Kor., 23, (1994); Kennelley K.J., Hausler R.H., Silverman D.C., Flow Induced Corrosion: Fundamental Studies and Industry Experience, pp. 15-17, (1991); Hwang J.H., Lim U.J., J. Corros. Sci. Soc. Kor., 25, (1996); Tretheway K.R., Chamberlain J., Corrosion for Students of Science and Engineering Longman Scientific and Technical, 13, (1988); Talks M.G., Moreton G., Proc. ASME Symp., (1981); Park E., Lim S., Ra S., Suh S., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 13, (2013); Shen X., Nie X., Hu H., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 14, (2014); Kim J., Jeong Y., Choe H., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 13, (2013); Saharudin K.A., Sreekantan S., Aziz S.N., Abd Q.A., Hazan R., Lai C.W., Mydin R.B.S., Mat I., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 13, (2013); Kim S.J., Jang T.Y., Seo Y.J., Lee S.J., Proc. DSL, (2009); Kim S.J., Jang S.K., Han M.S., Proc. E-MRS, (2007); Kim J.J., Park J.S., Joon S.B., J. Corros. Sci. Soc. Kor., 20, (1991)",,American Scientific Publishers,19472935,,,Sci. Adv. Mater.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84913589286 Bordeasu,Mânzânǎ M.-E.; Ghiban B.; Marin M.; Ghiban N.; Bordeaşu I.; Mitrea S.; Miculescu F.,"Mânzânǎ, Mǎdǎlina-Elena (37088979000); Ghiban, Bânduşa (23501106400); Marin, Mihai (58133260600); Ghiban, Nicolae (24343287800); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitrea, Sorina (25522321200); Miculescu, Florin (22941378800)",37088979000; 23501106400; 58133260600; 24343287800; 13409573100; 25522321200; 22941378800,Concerning the damage of stainless steels by cavitation erosion,2012,"UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B: Chemistry and Materials Science",74,4,,223,236,13,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903603672&partnerID=40&md5=6383c1d0df2b7acb0e598f54ed1169af,"This paper presents the experimental results of cavitation erosion behavior of some stainless steels. The experimental investigations were performed in magnetostrictive vibrating apparatus at Cavitation Laboratory of Polytechnic University of Timisoara (LMHT) in according with ASTM G32-2006. Several investigations were done on macro structural analysis and electron microscopy where determined many structural features, such as affected area destroyed by cavitation, ratio between affected and nonaffected cavitation areas through diameter measurements. Also, the samples was analysed through X-ray diffraction where there phases were identified.",Cavitation; Chemical composition; Depth; Erosion; Stainless steel,Cavitation; Erosion; X ray diffraction; Affected area; Chemical compositions; Depth; Diameter Measurement; Experimental investigations; Structural feature; Stainless steel,"Philippy A., Lauterbornz W., Cavitation erosion by single laser-produced bubbles, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, J. Fluid Mech., 361, pp. 75-116, (1998); Carlton J., Cavitation Erosion Dynamics: Some Observations in Relation to Offshore Supply Ships, Offshore Supply Vessel Conference, (2011); Szkodo M., Cavitation erosion of laser processed Fe-Cr-Mn and Fe-Cr-Co alloys, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 31, 2, (2008); Duraiselvam M., Galun R., Wesling V., Mordike B.L., Reiter R., Oligmuller J., Cavitation erosion resistance of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel laserclad with nickel aluminide intermetallic composites and matrix composites with TiC reinforcement, Surface & Coatings Technology, 201, pp. 1289-1295, (2006); Manzana M.-E., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Bordeau I., Miculescu F., Marin M., Different aspects of cavitation damages in some stainless steels, Analele Universitatii ""Eftimie Murgu"", (2011); Manzana M.-E., Ghiban B., Ghiban N., Bordeau I., Miculescu F., Mitrea S., Marin M., Structural analysis of cavitation for different stainless steels, Analele Universitatii ""Eftimie Murgu"", (2011); Ghiban B., Bordeasu I., Giban N., Miculescu F., Marin M., Manzana M.-E., Structural aspects of cavitation for different copper alloys, Annals of DAAAM for 2010 & Proceeding of the 21th International DAAAM Symposium, 21, 1, pp. 0187-0188, (2010); Carlton J., Marine Propellers and Propulsion, (2007); ASM Handbook Metals Handbook, Corrosion, 13, (1987); Ghiban N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Manzana M.-E., Macrostructural analysis of cavitantion for various ferrous materials, Metalurgia International, 16, 4, (2011); Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Popoviciu M.O., Balasoiu V., Birau N., Karabenciov A.., The damage of austenite - Ferrite stainless steels by cavitation erosion, Proceeding of the 19th International Daaam Symposium, pp. 0147-0148; Light K.H., Development of a Cavitation Erosion Resistant Advanced Material System, (2005); Sonics & Materials, Inc., Cavitation Erosion Testing (ASTM G32-92); Miculescu F., Antoniac I., Toma Ciocan L., Miculescu M., Branzei M., Ernuteanu A., Batalu D., Berbecaru A., Complex analysis on heat treated human compact bones, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Scientific Bulletin, Seria B, Chemisty and Materials Science, 73, 4, (2011)",,Politechnica University of Bucharest,14542331,,SBPSF,UPB Sci Bull Ser B,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84903603672 Bordeasu,Mânzânǎ M.-E.; Ghiban B.; Ghiban N.; Bordeasu I.,"Mânzânǎ, Mǎdǎlina-Elena (37088979000); Ghiban, Brânduşa (23501106400); Ghiban, Nicolae (24343287800); Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100)",37088979000; 23501106400; 24343287800; 13409573100,Aspects of cavitation erosion behaviour of different steels,2013,Metalurgia International,18,SPEC.2,,42,44,2,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874204848&partnerID=40&md5=e8dc7f74e3e7b48e9a58edc5ec5a7357,"This paper presents the experimental results of cavitation - erosion behavior of different samples of steels. The SEM and stereomicroscopy highlight important differences in its behavior. These aspects are discussed in correlation with its chemical composition and the response manner of the metallic material (deformation, crystalline slide or crack). The cavitation attack was carried out using a magnetostrictive vibrating apparatus in Timisoara Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory, in according with ASTM G32-85. After quantitative and qualitative investigations structural features were put in evidence on experimental steel.",Cavitation-erosion; Composition; Depth; Macrostructural analysis; Scanning electron microscopy; Steel,Chemical analysis; Hydraulic machinery; Scanning electron microscopy; Steel; Cavitation-erosion; Chemical compositions; Depth; Erosion behavior; Macrostructural analysis; Metallic material; Stereomicroscopy; Structural feature; Cavitation,"Carlon J., Cavitation Erosion Dynamics: Some Observations in Relation to Offshore Supply Ships, (2011); Ghiban B., Manzana M.-E., Bordeasu I., Ghiban N., Marin M., Miculescu M., Cavitation Behaviour of Martensitic Stainless Steels, pp. 59-62, (2010); Carlton J., Marine Propellers and Propulsion, (2007); Taylor D.A., Introduction to Marine Engineering, (1996); Jena B.P., Horber J.H., Force Microscopy. Applications in Biology and Medicine, (2006); Michler G.H., Electron Microscopy of Polymers, (2008); Ghiban N., Bordeasu I., Ghiban B., Manzana M.-E., Macrostructural Analysis of Cavitation for Various Ferrous Materials, Metalurgia International, 16, 4, pp. 65-68, (2011)",,,15822214,,,Metal. Int.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84874204848 ,Romo S.A.; Santa J.F.; Giraldo J.E.; Toro A.,"Romo, S.A. (57207614340); Santa, J.F. (22036463900); Giraldo, J.E. (8953430900); Toro, A. (7005592124)",57207614340; 22036463900; 8953430900; 7005592124,Cavitation and high-velocity slurry erosion resistance of welded Stellite 6 alloy,2012,Tribology International,47,,,16,24,8,68,10.1016/j.triboint.2011.10.003,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856240362&doi=10.1016%2fj.triboint.2011.10.003&partnerID=40&md5=77bc5b529937543083c683cc6f5d689d,"The cavitation and slurry erosion resistances of Stellite 6 coatings and 13-4 stainless steel were compared in laboratory. The Cavitation Resistance (CR) was measured according to ASTM G32 standard and the Slurry Erosion Resistance (SER) was tested in a high-velocity erosion tester under several impact angles. The results showed that the coatings improved the CR 15 times when compared to bare stainless steel. The SER of the coatings was also higher for all the impingement angles tested, the highest erosion rate being observed at 45°. The main wear mechanisms were micro-cracking (cavitation tests), and micro-cutting and micro-ploughing (slurry erosion tests). © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",Cavitation erosion; Slurry erosion; Stainless steel; Stellite 6 alloy,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Cerium alloys; Chromate coatings; Erosion; Impact resistance; Stellite; Tribology; Cavitation resistance; Erosion rates; High velocity; Impact angles; Impingement angle; Micro-cutting; Slurry erosion; Stellite 6; Stellite 6 coating; Wear mechanisms; Stainless steel,"Iwabuchi Y., Sawada S., Metallurgical characteristics of a large hydraulic runner casting of type 13CrNi stainless steel, Stainless Steel Castings, ASTM STP 756., pp. 332-354, (1982); Kumar P., Saini R.P., Study of cavitation in hydro turbines - A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, pp. 374-383, (2010); Zumgahr K.H., Microstructure and Wear of Materials, (1987); Manisekaran T., Kamaraj M., Sharrif S.M., Joshi S.V., Slurry erosion studies on surface modified 13Cr-4Ni steels: Effect of angle of impingement and particle size, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 16, 5, pp. 567-572, (2007); Shivamurthy R.C., Kamaraj M., Nagarajan R., Shariff S.M., Padmanabham G., Influence of microstructure on slurry erosive wear characteristics of laser surface alloyed 13Cr4Ni steel, Wear, 267, pp. 204-212, (2009); Espitia L.A., Toro A., Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components, Tribology International, 43, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Kim J.H., Na K.S., Kim G.G., Yoon C.S., Kim S.J., Effect of manganese on the cavitation erosion resistance of iron-chromium-carbon-silicon alloys for replacing cobalt-base Stellite, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 352, 1-3, pp. 85-89, (2006); Hattori S., Mikami N., Cavitation erosion resistance of Stellite alloy weld overlays, Wear, 267, pp. 1954-1960, (2009); Kumar A., Boy J., Zatorski R., Stephenson L.D., Thermal spray and weld repair alloys for the repair of cavitation damage in turbines and pumps: A technical note, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 14, 2, pp. 177-182, (2005); ASM Handbook, 18, (1992); ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code: Part C - Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals, (2004); Hutchings I.M., Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials, (1992); Pacheco H., Phase Transformations Caused by Post-weld Heat Treating in ASTM Grado CA6NM Martensitic Stainless Steel, (2008); Williams A.J., Rieppel P.J., Voldrich C.B., Literature survey on weld-metal cracking, WADC Technical Report 52-143, (1952); G73-10 - Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus, (2010); Stachowiak G.W., Batchelor A.W., Engineering Tribology, (2005); Bellman R., Levy A., Erosion mechanism in ductile metals, Wear, 70, pp. 1-27, (1981); Vyas C.M.P., Stress produced in a solid by cavitation, Journal of Applied Physics, 47, 12, pp. 5133-5138, (1976)",,,0301679X,,TRBIB,Tribol Int,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84856240362 ,Espitia L.A.; Varela L.; Pinedo C.E.; Tschiptschin A.P.,"Espitia, L.A. (26538490500); Varela, L. (55550271300); Pinedo, C.E. (6603134589); Tschiptschin, A.P. (7004251372)",26538490500; 55550271300; 6603134589; 7004251372,Cavitation erosion resistance of low temperature plasma nitrided martensitic stainless steel,2013,Wear,301,01-Feb,,449,456,7,48,10.1016/j.wear.2012.12.029,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879136132&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2012.12.029&partnerID=40&md5=3a534ab75c7121631b820f4a7a12a773,"The cavitation erosion resistance of non-nitrided and low plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel was evaluated according to ASTM G32 standard. Plasma nitriding was carried out in a hot wall DC-pulsed plasma reactor at 400°C in a mixture of 75% of nitrogen and 25% of hydrogen during 20h. The ASTM A 743 grade CA6NM stainless steel was used for comparison purposes. The microstructure of the steels was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, as well as by X-ray diffraction. Expanded martensite and iron nitrides were formed at the surface of the martensitic AISI 410 stainless steel. Curves of mass loss, erosion rate and roughness parameters were plotted as a function of exposure time. The 25μm thick nitride layer showed two distinct regions: a first 5μm thick layer just beneath the surface containing precipitated ε Fe3N nitrides and expanded martensite and the rest of the layer constituted solely by expanded martensite. Iron nitride precipitation drastically reduced the incubation period, allowing detachment of entire grains due to the impact of shock-waves over the surface. Despite this, after removal of the first 5μm thick layer, the cavitation erosion resistance improved significantly. The relationship between microstructure and time-variation curves and wear mechanisms are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation erosion; Expanded martensite; Low temperature plasma nitriding; Martensitic stainless steel; Mechanisms of wear,Cavitation corrosion; Martensite; Martensitic stainless steel; Microstructure; Nitrides; Scanning electron microscopy; Stainless steel; Tribology; X ray diffraction; Cavitation erosion resistance; DC-pulsed plasma; Expanded martensites; Incubation periods; Low temperature plasma nitriding; Low temperature plasmas; Plasma nitriding; Roughness parameters; Plasma applications,"Santa J.F., Et al., Slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of thermal spray coatings, Wear, 267, pp. 160-167, (2009); Romo S.A., Et al., Cavitation and high-velocity slurry erosion resistance of welded Stellite 6 alloy, Tribology International, 47, pp. 16-24, (2012); Xi Y.T., Et al., Improvement of mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel by plasma nitriding at low temperature, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 21, pp. 21-29, (2008); Duraiselvam M., Et al., Cavitation erosion resistance of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel laser-clad with nickel aluminide intermetallic composites and matrix composites with TiC reinforcement, Surface and Coating Technology, 201, pp. 1289-1295, (2006); Recco A.A., Et al., Improvement of the slurry erosion resistance of an austenitic stainless steel with combination of surface treatments: nitriding and TiN coating, Surface and Coating Technology, 202, pp. 993-997, (2007); Mesa D.H., Et al., Influence of cold-work on the cavitation erosion resistance and on the damage mechanisms in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 271, pp. 1372-1377, (2011); Sun Y., Bell T., Wood G., Wear behavior of plasma-nitrided martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 178, pp. 131-138, (1994); Corengia P., Et al., Friction and rolling-sliding wear of DC-pulsed plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel, Wear, 260, pp. 479-485, (2006); Xi Y.T., Et al., Improvement of erosion and erosion-corrosion resistance of AISI 420 stainless steel by low temperature plasma nitriding, Applied Surface Science, 254, pp. 5953-5958, (2008); Allenstein A.N., Brunatto S.F., Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Plasma Nitrided CA6NM Martensitic Stainless Steel, (2007); Pacheco H., Phase Transformation Caused by a Post Weld Heat Treatment in ASTM A743 CA6NM stainless steel, (2008); Buchhagen P., Bell T., Simulation of the residual stress development in the diffusion layer of low alloy plasma nitrided steels, Computational Material Science, 7, pp. 228-234, (1996); Gallo S.C., Dong H., EBSD and AFM observations of the microstructural changes induced by low tempertature plasma carburizing on AISI 316, Applied Surface Science, 258, pp. 608-613, (2011); Kim S.K., Et al., Characteristic of martensitic stainless steel nitrided in low-pressure RF plasma, Surface and Coating Technology, pp. 380-385, (2003); Li C.X., Bell T., Corrosion properties of plasma nitride AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl and 1% HCl aqueous solution, Corrosion Science, 48, pp. 2036-2949, (2006); Corengia P., Et al., Microstructure and corrosion behavior of DC-pulsed plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel, Surface and Coating Technology, 187, pp. 63-69, (2004); Christiansen T., Somers M.A.J., Stress and composition of carbon stabilized expanded austenite on stainless steel, Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A, 40, pp. 1791-1798, (2009); Cheng L., Mittemeijer E.J., Phase Transformations in Iron-Based Interstitial Martensites, (1990)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84879136132 ,Wu S.K.; Lin H.C.; Yeh C.H.,"Wu, S.K. (55767957800); Lin, H.C. (7405568517); Yeh, C.H. (58357086900)",55767957800; 7405568517; 58357086900,"A comparison of the cavitation erosion resistance of TiNi alloys, SUS304 stainless steel and Ni-based self-fluxing alloy",2000,Wear,244,01-Feb,,85,93,8,101,10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00443-9,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034253160&doi=10.1016%2fS0043-1648%2800%2900443-9&partnerID=40&md5=5344e8a58584eacf79ee213647355187,"Cavitation erosion of TiNi shape memory alloys, SUS304 stainless steel (SS) and Ni-based self-fluxing alloys has been investigated in freshwater and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution according to the ASTM G32-85 standard method. After 300 min of cavitation erosion, the cumulative weight loss of SUS304 SS is 45 times, whereas that of Ni-based self-fluxing alloy is 15 times the value of TiNi alloys. TiNi alloys and SUS304 SS exhibit a working-hardening behavior in the early cavitation stage, and thereafter maintain constant hardness during further cavitation. However, the Ni-based self-fluxing alloy exhibits no hardening phenomenon during cavitation test. The thermoelastic martensitic transformations of TiNi alloys have important effects on their erosion characteristics. The variants accommodation, pseudoelasticity of SIM and high work-hardening rate can improve the erosion resistance of TiNi alloys. Cavitation erosion of all these alloys in freshwater is similar to that in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution under the same testing conditions.",Cavitation erosion; Infrared joining; Thermoelastic martensitic transformation; TiNi alloys,cavitation; erosion; nickel alloy; stainless steel; titanium alloy; Binary alloys; Cavitation corrosion; Hardness; Martensitic transformations; Stainless steel; Strain hardening; Titanium alloys; Wear resistance; Infrared joining process; Thermoelastic martensitic transformations; Shape memory effect,"Jackson C.M., Wagner H.J., Wasilewski R.J., NASA Report SP-5110, (1972); Sandrock G.D., Perkins A.J., Hehemann R.F., Metall. Trans. A, 2, (1971); Miyazaki S., Imai T., Igo Y., Otsuka K., Metall. Trans. A, 17, pp. 115-120, (1986); Melton K.N., Mercier O., Acta Metall., 27, pp. 137-144, (1979); Oshida Y., Miyazaki S., Corr. Eng., 40, pp. 1009-1025, (1991); Castleman L.S., Motzkin S.M., Biocompatibility of Clinical Implant Materials, pp. 129-154, (1981); Lin H.C., Wu S.K., Yeh M.T., Metall. Trans. A, 24, pp. 2189-2194, (1993); Lin H.C., Wu S.K., Chang Y.C., Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 26, pp. 851-858, (1995); Jin J.L., Wang H.L., Acta Metall. Sinica, 24, pp. A66-A69, (1988); Li D.Y., Scripta Metall., 34, pp. 195-200, (1996); Clayton P., Wear, 162, 164, pp. 202-210, (1993); Lin H.C., Liao H.M., He J.L., Chen K.C., Lin K.M., Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 28, pp. 1871-1877, (1997); Suzuki Y., Kuroyanagi T., FAEDIC-NT, Titanium Zirconium, 27, pp. 67-73, (1979); Shida Y., Sugimoto Y., Wear, 146, pp. 219-228, (1991); Nakao E., Hattori S., Proc. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng. (in Japanese), 64, pp. 2555-2560, (1998); Ball A., Wear, 91, pp. 201-207, (1983); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Ball A., Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on the Strength of Metals and Alloys, pp. 219-224, (1979); De Gee A.W.J., Wear, 81, (1982); Salesky W.J., Thomas G., Wear, 75, (1982); Allen C., Ball A., Protheroe B.E., Wear, 74, (1981); Richman R.H., Rao A.S., Kung D., Wear, 157, pp. 401-407, (1992); Richman R.H., McNaughton W.P., J. Mater. Eng. Perfor., 6, pp. 633-641, (1997); Hiraga H., Inoue T., Shimura H., Matunawa A., Wear, 231, pp. 272-278, (1999); Blue C.A., Blue R.A., Lin R.Y., Scripta Metall. Mater., 32, pp. 127-132, (1988); Lee S.J., Wu S.K., Lin R.Y., Acta Mater., 46, pp. 1283-1295, (1998); Lee S.J., Wu S.K., Lin R.Y., Acta Mater., 46, pp. 1297-1305, (1998); Yang T.Y., Wu S.K.; Shieh Y.H., Wang J.T., Shih H.C., Wang S.T., Surface Coatings Technol., 58, pp. 73-77, (1993); ASTM G32-85, Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, (1985); Gould G.C., Characterization and Determination of Erosion Resistance, pp. 182-211, (1970)",,,431648,,,Wear,Article,Final,All Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-0034253160 Bordeasu,Bordeasu I.; Mitelea I.; Karabenciov A.; Oanca O.,"Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Karabenciov, Adrian (56271454800); Oanca, Octavian (35339518200)",13409573100; 16309955100; 56271454800; 35339518200,Influence of the solution treatment temperature upon the cavitation erosion resistance FOR 17-4P.H. Stainless steel,2013,"METAL 2013 - 22nd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings",,,,754,759,5,1,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923240034&partnerID=40&md5=c897f7bd9dbc89f3b2c6f0d6ebff1151,"Cavitation erosion is a key factor for extending the running life of hydraulic turbines blades or even runners. Our researches are directed towards new stainless steels composition with reduced carbon content but high cavitation erosion resistance and simultaneously good welding abilities and mechanical resistance. Various steels, with constant Ni content and variable Cr content (alpha gene element) present modifications of the nature and proportions of the constitutive structural components (Austenite, Martensite and Feδ) with important consequences upon the cavitation erosion resistance and the value of mechanical characteristics. The cavitation erosion tests were done on a vibratory facility with piezoceramic crystals, realized in agreement with the specifications of the ASTM G32-2010 Standards. The obtained results show that a Cr content of about 6 % give the longest incubation period and the best cavitation erosion resistance, both values being better that those obtained with the steel OH12NDL used in the past, in Romania, on a large scale, for turbine components subjected to cavitation erosion. © 2013 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.",Cavitation erosion; Mechanical properties; Stainless steel; Vibratory test facility,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Chromium; Erosion; Hydraulic motors; Martensitic steel; Mechanical properties; Piezoelectric ceramics; Turbine components; Turbomachine blades; Carbon content; Cavitation erosion resistance; Incubation periods; Mechanical characteristics; Mechanical resistance; Piezoceramic; Solution treatment temperatures; Structural component; Stainless steel,"Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitationala a Materialelor, (2006); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Katona S.E., Considerations regarding the behavior of some austenitic stainless steels to cavitation erosion, 21th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, (2012); Frank J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Hammitt F.G., Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Phenomena, (1980); Hobbs J.M., Experience with a 20 - KC Cavitations Erosion Test, Erosion by Cavitations or Impingement, (1960); Steller J.K., International cavitation erosion test - Summary of results, International Conference, (1992); Thiruvengadam A., Cavitation erosion, Applied Mechanic, 24, 3, (1971); Bordeau I., Mitelea I., Karabenciov A., Jurchela A.D., Considerations on the effects of carbon content on the Cavitation erosion resistance of stainless steels with Controled content of chromium and carbon, 21st International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, (2012); Garcia R., Hammitt F.G., Nystrom R.E., Corelation of cavitation damage with other material and fluid properties, Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement, (1960); Hammitt F.G., De M., He J., Okada T., Sun B.-H., Scale effects of cavitation including damage scale effects, Report No. UMICH, 014456-75-I. Conf. Cavitation, (1980)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729441-3,,"METAL - Int. Conf. Metall. Mater., Conf. Proc.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84923240034 ,Meged Y.; Venner C.H.; ten Napel W.E.,"Meged, Y. (6506180865); Venner, C.H. (7003348306); ten Napel, W.E. (6701518550)",6506180865; 7003348306; 6701518550,Classification of lubricants according to cavitation criteria,1995,Wear,186-187,PART 2,,444,453,9,12,10.1016/0043-1648(95)07135-0,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029354825&doi=10.1016%2f0043-1648%2895%2907135-0&partnerID=40&md5=b11178fa6bea0f9defc0f785bb52a59b,"Cavitation in lubrication liquids has long been known to be detrimental to components in hydraulic systems. Damage has been detected in journal bearings, especially under severe dynamic loading, gears, squeeze film dampers and valves. These findings have led to intensive studies of metal resistance to cavitation erosion, in order to minimize the damage. Results of these studies have been: 1. (a) classification of known materials according to their resistance to cavitation erosion; 2. (b) development of new materials and processes to increase their durability. One of the main achievements in this respect was the establishment of the ASTM G32-92 Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test. However, very little was done with respect to the liquid phase, e.g. the lubricants. As a consequence there is no standard procedure for testing of lubricants for their cavitation properties and no relevant specifications in national and international standards. This study includes theoretical and experimental investigations. The theoretical approach examines the lubricant in elastohydrodynamically lubricated (EHL) contacts. Using numerical simulations, based on Reynolds equation and elastic deformation theory, the pressure profile and film shape have been computed. It is further investigated how the operating conditions affect the properties, e.g. ""cavitation energy"" of zones of sub-ambient pressure values and if a correlation between these results and cavitation erosion criteria can be found. The experimental approach includes testing of 20 liquid lubricants, belonging to the following four groups: mineral oils, mineral-based oils, bio degradable oils and synthetic oils. Testing was performed by vibrating a standard aluminium tip in each oil and periodically recording the gravimetric results. These results enabled the classification of the lubricants according to their cavitance, which is inversely proportional to the mass of solid material eroded by a cavitating liquid under controlled conditions. The results of both approaches can be combined into an engineering tool in the future. This tool may serve the designer to improve the use of existing lubricants and the lubrication industry as an aid for the development of new lubricants with increased cavitance in hydraulic systems. © 1995.",Cavitation erosion; Hydraulic systems; Lubricants; Reynolds equation,Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Computer simulation; Corrosion resistance; Durability; Elastohydrodynamic lubrication; Gravimetric analysis; Hydraulics; Standards; Cavitation criteria; Cavitation energy; Elastic deformation theory; Hydraulic systems; Reynolds equation; Lubricating oils,"Elrod, A cavitation algorithm, ASMEJ. Tribol., 103, pp. 350-354, (1981); Woods, Brewe, The solution of the Elrod algorithm for a dynamically loaded journal bearing using multigrid techniques, ASME J. Tribol., 111, pp. 302-308, (1989); Garcia, Hammitt, Cavitation damage and correlations with material and fluid properties, Journal of Basic Engineering, pp. 753-763, (1967); Thiruvengadam, Role of physical properties of liquids in cavitation erosion, (1974); Hobbs, Rachman, Environmentally Controlled Cavitation Test, ASTM STP 474, pp. 29-47, (1970); Barwell, Scott, Effect of lubricant on pitting failure of ball bearings, Engineering, 6, pp. 9-12, (1956); Dowson, Higginson, Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication, the Fundamentals of Roller and Gear Lubrication, (1966); Roelands, Correlational aspects of the viscosity-temperature pressure relationship of lubricating oils, Ph.D. Thesis, (1966); Venner, ten Napel, Bosma, Advanced multilevel solution of the EHL line contact, ASME J. Tribol., 112, pp. 426-432, (1990); Venner, Multilevel solution of the EHL line and point contact problem, Ph.D. Thesis, (1991); Standard Method of Vibratory Cavitation Erosion Test, G32-92, (1992); Rao, Buckley, Erosion of aluminum 6061-T6 under cavitation attack in mineral oil and water, Wear, 105, pp. 171-182, (1985); Leighton, The Acoustic Bubble, The Acoustic Bubble, pp. 73-75, (1994)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,All Open Access; Green Open Access,Scopus,2-s2.0-0029354825 ,Jafarzadeh K.; Valefi Z.; Ghavidel B.,"Jafarzadeh, K. (6507733942); Valefi, Z. (35590620400); Ghavidel, B. (36681199800)",6507733942; 35590620400; 36681199800,The effect of plasma spray parameters on the cavitation erosion of Al2O3-TiO2 coatings,2010,Surface and Coatings Technology,205,7,,1850,1855,5,40,10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.044,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649732186&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2010.08.044&partnerID=40&md5=9cd0937fe25a7810779ed4b194aee728,"This paper reports a study of how the choice of plasma spray parameters, used during deposition of Al2O3-13%TiO2 coatings on carbon steel, influences the cavitation erosion properties of such coatings. The parameters studied are the power feeding rate and hydrogen flow rate. The surface and cross section of coatings before and after cavitation were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phases present in the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction method (XRD). The microscopic observations were used to study the inter-lamellar connection, porosity, unmelted particles and so on inside the coating. We also measured the roughness, microhardness, adhesion strength and cavitation erosion of the coatings. The XRD results showed that the coating includes different allotropes of Al2O3 such as α and γ. The cavitation erosion studies of the coatings were conducted by ultrasonic cavitation testing on the basis of ASTM G32 standard. It was found that cavitation erosion is accelerated around the unmelted particles and porosities. The results reveal that the cavitation resistance of the coating is determined by its microstructure and that increasing discontinuities (inside the coating) reduce its cavitation resistance. We have found that the coating obtained at hydrogen gas flow rate of 16L/min and powder feeding rate of 20g/min has the best cavitation resistance. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.",Al2O3-TiO2; Cavitation erosion; Hardness; Surface analysis; Thermal spray coating,Aluminum; Carbon steel; Erosion; Hardness; Hydrogen; Plasma deposition; Plasma jets; Plasma spraying; Protective coatings; Scanning electron microscopy; Sprayed coatings; Surface analysis; X ray diffraction; Adhesion strengths; Before and after; Cavitation erosion; Cavitation resistance; Cross section; Hydrogen flow rate; Hydrogen gas; Microscopic observations; Plasma spray; Powder feeding; Power feeding; SEM; Thermal spray coatings; TiO; Ultrasonic cavitation; Unmelted particles; X-ray diffraction method; XRD; Cavitation,"Jeffrey H., Ashok K., Patrick M., Paul W., Herbert H., US Army Corps of Engineers, (1997); Fontana M.G., Mc Graw Hill International Edition, (1987); Yilmaz R., Kurt A., Demir A., Tatli, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 27, (2007); Porter J., Suhl L., Anti-Fouling Coating Process, (1992); Clare J., Et al., Thermal Spray Coatings, 13, (1982); Kendrick H., Et al., (2005); Wang M., Shaw L., Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, (2007); Sarikaya O., Surf. Coat. Technol., 190, (2005); Bounazef M., Et al., Mater. Lett., 58, (2004); Lawrence T., A Look Inside Nanotechnology, AMPTIAC Quarterly, 6, (2002); Test Method for Cavitation Erosion using Vibratory Apparatus: G32 98 American Society for Testing and Materials, (1998); Tomlinson W.J., Kalitsounakism N., Vekinis, Ceramics International, 25, (1999); Normand B., Fervel V., Coddet C., Nikitine V., Surf. Coat. Technol., 123, (2000); Matejka D., Benko B., Plasma Spraying of Metallic and Ceramic Materials, (1989); McPherson R., Surf. Coat. Technol., (1989)",,,2578972,,,Surf. Coat. Technol.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-78649732186 ,Jang S.-K.; Park J.-C.; Jeong J.-Y.; Han M.-S.; Kim S.-J.,"Jang, Seok-Ki (55820252500); Park, Jae-Cheul (36015298900); Jeong, Jae-Yong (16744025400); Han, Min-Su (55648442300); Kim, Seong-Jong (34769651100)",55820252500; 36015298900; 16744025400; 55648442300; 34769651100,A cavitation damage mitigation technique for ALBC3 alloy using hydrogen overvoltage,2014,Science of Advanced Materials,6,9,,2036,2040,4,0,10.1166/sam.2014.2112,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84913568753&doi=10.1166%2fsam.2014.2112&partnerID=40&md5=183407d8aa9ba4af9f54b895492b8d3d,"The reliability for offshore structures is very important since they operate under harsh operating conditions for a long time. Material damage in seawater involves not only physical damage due to cavitation but also corrosion damage by Cl- ions; thus, seawater deteriorates the mechanical performance and lifetime of a ship's components. This study investigated the protection potential of ALBC3 alloy to minimize the cavitation-induced damage by employing the hydrogen overvoltage phenomenon. To achieve this, a hybrid potentiostatic apparatus was devised for the characterization of electrochemical properties of the alloy with cavitation. A cavitation experiment was conducted at 30 μm of amplitude by using an ultrasonic vibratory generator in accordance with modified ASTM G32 regulation. Consequently, the optimum potential range to enhance the cavitation resistance is considered to lie between -2.8 V and -2.2 V, which corresponds to the activation polarization range. © 2014 by American Scientific Publishers.",ALBC3 alloy; Complexed cavitation and electrochemical characteristic; Hybrid potentiostatic test method; Hydrogen overvoltage; Marine industry,,"Zeng J., Li D., Kang M., He H., Hu Z., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 13, (2013); Wu R., Liang S., Liu J., Pan A., Yu Y., Tang Y., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 13, (2013); Frueh J., Gai M., Yang Z., He Q., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 14, (2014); Vijayakumar G., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 14, (2014); Hong S.M., Lee M.K., Kim G.H., Rhee C.K., J. Kor. Inst. Surf. Eng., 39, (2006); Zheng Y., Luo S., Ke W., Wear, 262, (2007); Latona N., Fetherston P., Chen A., Sridharan K., Dodd R.A., Corrosion, 57, (2001); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 290, (2000); Neville A., Hodgkiess T., Br. Corros. J., 32, (1997); Ha H.Y., Park C.J., Kwon H.S., Corros. Sci., 49, (2007); Lee H.I., Han M.S., Baek K.K., Lee C.H., Shin C.S., Chung M.K., Corros. Sci. Tech., 7, (2008); Tang C.H., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, (2006); Hong S.M., Lee M.K., Kim G.H., Kim K.H., Kim W.W., Hong S.I., J. Kor. Inst. Surf. Eng., 37, (2004); Wharton J.A., Barik R.C., Kear G., Wood R.J.K., Stokes K.R., Walsh F.C., Corros. Sci., 47, (2005); Zheng Y., Luo S., Ke W., Wear, 262, (2007); Bregliozzia G., Schinob A.D., Ahmeda S.I.U., Kennyb J.M., Haefkea H., Wear, 258, (2005); Im M.H., Corrosion Science and Technology, 10, (2011); Qin M., Ju D.Y., Oba R., Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, (2006)",,American Scientific Publishers,19472935,,,Sci. Adv. Mater.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84913568753 ,Goulart-Santos S.; Mancosu R.D.; Godoy C.; Matthews A.; Leyland A.,"Goulart-Santos, Sandra (23970592600); Mancosu, Rafael Drumond (36004768000); Godoy, Cristina (7004611195); Matthews, Allan (7202611835); Leyland, Adrian (7006153010)",23970592600; 36004768000; 7004611195; 7202611835; 7006153010,Influence of surface hardening depth on the cavitation erosion resistance of a low alloy steel,2010,"65th ABM International Congress, 18th IFHTSE Congress and 1st TMS/ABM International Materials Congress 2010",5,,,4219,4228,9,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893225098&partnerID=40&md5=a6d7fe52a4d3d012f700f47d7c496c39,"In this paper, the influence of surface hardening depth promoted by plasma nitriding and Cr-Al-N coating deposition on the cavitation erosion resistance of a low alloy steel was investigated. 2 and 4 hours plasma nitrided samples were produced and coated with 1 and 2 μm Cr-Al-N coatings deposited by PAPVD. The characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (θ-2θ and glancing angle configurations), scanning electron microscopy, Rockwell C adhesion test and 3D profilometry. Knoop microhardness tests were also performed. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out according to ASTM G32-03 Standard. The cavitation erosion rate and incubation period were determined. Coating deposition had a major influence on the incubation period, in which a higher coating thickness resulted in a longer time. Plasma nitriding treatment was more effective on reducing the average erosion rate in the accelerated period. The plasma nitriding treatment and Cr-Al-N coating in conjunction led to a decrease in both incubation period and erosion rate. The hardened systems presented mass loss up to 11 times lower than the non hardened steel for the same time. It was concluded that as ticker is the coating and as deeper is the nitrided layer better is the cavitation erosion resistance. Copyright © (2010) by Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia Materiais e Mineração (ABM).",Cavitation erosion; Papvd coating; Plasma nitriding,Aluminum; Cavitation corrosion; Characterization; Chromate coatings; Deposition; Erosion; Hardening; Nitrogen plasma; Plasma applications; Scanning electron microscopy; Thickness measurement; X ray diffraction; 3-D profilometry; Cavitation erosion resistance; Coating deposition; Coating thickness; Incubation periods; Knoop microhardness; Plasma nitriding; Surface hardening; Aluminum coatings,"Huang W.H., Chen K.C., He J.L., A study on the cavitation resistance of ionnitrided steel, Wear, 252, pp. 459-466, (2002); Mann B.S., Arya V., An experimental study to correlate water jet impingement erosion resistance and properties of metallic materials and coatings, Wear, 253, pp. 650-661, (2002); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Cavitation erosion resistance of Cr-N coating deposited on stainless steel, Wear, 260, pp. 1324-1332, (2006); Kwok C.T., Cheng F.T., Man H.C., Synergetic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of various engineering alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution, Materials Science and Engineering, A290, pp. 145-154, (2000); Munsterer S., Kohlhof K., Cavitation protection by low temperature ticn coatings, Surface and Coatings Technology, 74-75, pp. 642-647, (1995); Han S., Lin J.H., Kuo J.J., He J.L., Shih H.C., The cavitation-erosion phenomenon of chromium nitride coatings deposited using cathodic arc plasma deposition on steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, 161, pp. 20-25, (2002); Krella A., Czyzniewski A., Influence of the substrate hardness on the cavitation erosion resistance of the tin coating, Wear, 263, pp. 395-401, (2007); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Lima M.M., Brandao D., Housden J., Avelarbatista J.C., Influence of plasma nitriding and papvd Cr1-xNx coating on the cavitation erosion resistance of an aisi 1045 steel, Surface and Coating Technology, 200, pp. 5370-5378, (2006); Heinke W., Leyland A., Matthews A., Berg G., Friedrich C., Broszeit E., Evaluation of PVD nitride coatings, using impact, scratch and rockwell-c adhesion tests, Thin Solid Films, 270, pp. 431-438, (1995); Godoy C., Mancosu R.D., Machado R.R., Modenesi P.J., Avelarbatista J.C., Which hardness (nano or macrohardness) should be evaluated in cavitation?, Tribology International, 42, pp. 1021-1028, (2009); Stout J., Blunt L., Three Dimensional Surface Topography, (1994); Mummery L.Y., Surface Texture Analysis - The Handbook, (1992); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, (2003); Mancosu R.D., Recobrimento Tribologico Cr-N E Nitretacao a Plasma Para Melhoria da Resistencia a Erosao Cavitacional de Um Aco Carbono ABNT 1045: Uma Abordagem Topografica, (2005)",,,,978-161782016-8,,"ABM Int. Congr., IFHTSE Congr. TMS/ABM Int. Mater. Congr.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84893225098 ,Varela L.; Espitia L.; Tschiptschin A.,"Varela, Luis (55550271300); Espitia, Luis (26538490500); Tschiptschin, André (7004251372)",55550271300; 26538490500; 7004251372,Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding,2013,"5th World Tribology Congress, WTC 2013",1,,,622,625,3,0,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919461362&partnerID=40&md5=6ebb0d83973eeda3cea5c93606bf1c1d,"UNS31803 duplex stainless steel was high temperature gas nitrided (HTGN) at 1200 °C during 8h in a 0.1 MPa N2 atmosphere obtaining a fully austenitic microstructure containing 0.9 wt% N. Fart of the HTGN samples were 30% cold-worked. The samples were tested in a vibratory cavitation erosion equipment according to ASTM G32 standard. The AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel was used for comparison purposes. The microstructure was assessed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) and micro-hardness. The hardness of the non-nitrided duplex stainless steel was 250 HV. After HTGN the fully austenitic structure showed a hardness of 377 HV. After 30% cold working the HTGN steel, the hardness increased to 485 HV. The cavitation erosion resistance increased accordingly. The HTGN samples showed lower wear rates and higher incubation times compared to the non-nitrided duplex steel and the austenitic AISI 304 L steel. Furthermore, it was observed that some grains were more susceptible to cavitation damage due to their crystallographic orientation. The wear rate of the HTGN samples was 16 limes lower compared to 304L stainless steel. The cold-worked samples showed a greater cavitation erosion resistance, with a wear rate reduction of 10 times compared to the undeformed samples. However the incubation time was quite similar to that measured for the HTGN samples. These results are discussed based on nitrogen hardening and changes of the dislocation distribution after cold working. Copyright © (2013) by Politecnico di Torino (DIMEAS) All rights reserved.",Cavitation erosion; Cold work; High nitrogen steels; Stainless steels,,"Gavriljuk V.G., Nitrogen in iron and steel, ISIJ International, 36, 7, pp. 738-745, (1996); Berns H., Siebert S., High nitrogen austenitic cases in stainless steels, ISIJ International, 36, 7, pp. 927-931, (1996); Dossantos J., Garzon C., Tschiptschin A., Improvement of the cavitation erosion resistance of an AISI 304l austenitic stainless steel by high temperature gas nitriding, Materials Science and Engineering A, 382, 1-2, pp. 378-386, (2004); Garzon C.M., Transformajoes de Fase E Mudanjas da Textura Cristalografica Durante a Nitretagao Gasosa Em Alta Temperatura de Afos Inoxidaveis, (2004); Mesa D.H., Garzon C.M., Tschiptschin A.P., Mesoscale plasticity anisotropy at the earliest stages of cavitation-erosion damage of a high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, Wear, 267, 1-4, pp. 99-103, (2009); Toro A., Tschiptschin A.P., Chemical characterization of a high nitrogen stainless steel by optimized electron probe microanalysis, Scripta Materialia, 63, pp. 803-806, (2010)",,Politecnico di Torino (DIMEAS),,978-163439352-2,,"World Tribol. Congr., WTC",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84919461362 ,Correa C.E.; García G.L.; García A.N.; Bejarano W.; Guzmán A.A.; Toro A.,"Correa, C.E. (55247764200); García, G.L. (57199659747); García, A.N. (58371609900); Bejarano, W. (57189324090); Guzmán, A.A. (46261147600); Toro, A. (7005592124)",55247764200; 57199659747; 58371609900; 57189324090; 46261147600; 7005592124,Wear mechanisms of epoxy-based composite coatings submitted to cavitation,2011,Wear,271,09-Oct,,2274,2279,5,28,10.1016/j.wear.2011.01.088,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960677615&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2011.01.088&partnerID=40&md5=3efe12ea73d5013f845eeadea3dc46bd,"Many hydraulic components are exposed to severe conditions such as high speed slurry and cavitation erosion, where the mechanical properties of the material in which they are manufactured, as well as the hydrodynamic profile of the components are crucial factors. These conditions are responsible for high maintenance and stoppage costs and seriously affect the reliability of power generation. In this work, coatings based on epoxy resins were applied onto stainless and plain carbon steel plates and their suitability to protect against cavitation erosion was evaluated. The cavitation erosion resistance was measured according to ASTM G32 standard in an ultrasonic cavitometer with an indirect-type sample positioning setup. The analysis of the microstructure and the worn surfaces of the samples showed that pores, matrix-reinforcement interfaces and cracks acted as nucleation sites for cavitation. The coatings presented good cavitation resistance based on incubation time measurements, but those that lasted longer showed 2 acceleration periods instead of the ordinary S-shaped time-variation curve typical of many metallic materials, which was mainly attributed to adhesion problems. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation resistance; Coatings; Epoxy resin; Wear protection,Carbon steel; Cavitation; Coatings; Epoxy resins; Erosion; Mechanical properties; Stainless steel; Synthetic resins; Tribology; Adhesion problem; Cavitation erosion resistance; Cavitation resistance; Hydraulic components; Metallic material; Nucleation sites; Plain carbon steels; S-shaped; Time variations; Wear mechanisms; Wear protection; Worn surface; Composite coatings,"Machio C.N., Akdogan G., Witcomb M.J., Luyckx S., Performance of WC-VC-Co thermal spray coatings in abrasion and slurry erosion tests, Wear, 258, pp. 434-442, (2005); Espitia L.A., Toro A., Cavitation resistance, microstructure and surface topography of materials used for hydraulic components, Tribology International, 43, pp. 2037-2045, (2010); Santa J.F., Baena J.C., Toro A., Slurry erosion of thermal spray coatings and stainless steels for hydraulic machinery, Wear, 263, pp. 258-264, (2007); Sugiyama K., Nakahama S., Hattori S., Nakano K., Slurry wear and cavitation erosion of thermal-sprayed cermets, Wear, 258, pp. 768-775, (2005); Das M.K., (1987); Shao R.L., Jing H., Hai L.Z., Xia Y.W., Wear and mechanical properties of epoxy/SiO2-TiO2 composites, Journal of Materials Science, 40, pp. 2815-2821, (2005); Qiu Long J., Ming Qiu Z., Min Zhi R., Wetzel B., Friedrich K., Tribological properties of surface modified nano-alumina/epoxy composites, Journal of Materials Science, 39, pp. 6487-6493, (2004); Chen C., Justice R.S., Schaefer D.W., Baur J.W., Highly dispersed nanosilica-epoxy resins with enhanced mechanical properties, Polymer, 49, pp. 3805-3815, (2008); Bagheri R., Pearson R.A., The use of microvoids to toughen polymers, Polymer, 36, pp. 4883-4885, (1995); Bagheri R., Pearson R.A., Role of particle cavitation in rubber-toughened epoxies: I microvoid toughening, Polymer, 37, pp. 4529-4538, (1996); Bagheri R., Pearson R.A., Role of particle cavitation in rubber-toughened epoxies: II. inter-particle distance, Polymer, 41, pp. 269-276, (2000); Veerabhadra Rao P., Evaluation of epoxy resins in flow cavitation erosion, Wear, 122, pp. 17-95, (1988); Zhang J., Richardson M.O.W., Wilcox G.D., Min J., Wang X., Assessment of resistance of non-metallic coatings to silt abrasion and cavitation erosion in a rotating disk test rig, Wear, 194, pp. 149-155, (1996); Jiu-Gen He F.G., Hammitt, Comparison of cavitation erosion test results from venturi and vibratory facilities, Wear, 76, pp. 269-292, (1982); Ward I.M., Sweeney J., An introduction to the mechanical properties of solid polymers, (2004)",,,431648,,WEARA,Wear,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-79960677615 Bordeasu,Mitelea I.; Bordeaşu I.; Pelle M.; Crəciunescu C.,"Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Bordeaşu, Ilare (13409573100); Pelle, Marius (56426603700); Crəciunescu, Corneliu (6603971254)",16309955100; 13409573100; 56426603700; 6603971254,Ultrasonic cavitation erosion of nodular cast iron with ferrite-pearlite microstructure,2015,Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,23,,,385,390,5,47,10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.11.001,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911867776&doi=10.1016%2fj.ultsonch.2014.11.001&partnerID=40&md5=edb80aaf900c9caaf1cd9fefd6423bdf,The cavitation erosion of ductile cast iron with ferrite-pearlite microstructure was analyzed based on ultrasonic experiments performed according to ASTM G32-2010 and the resistance was compared to the C45 steel with similar hardness. The microstructural observation of the surface for different exposure times to the ultrasonic cavitation reveals the fact that the process initiates at the nodular graphite-ferrite interface and is controlled by micro-galvanic activities and mechanical factors. The cavitation erosion resistance was evaluated based on the evolution of the mean depth erosion and the mean depth erosion rate as a function of the cavitation time. The cavitation erosion rate of the cast iron is up to 1.32 times higher than the one of the C 45 steel with similar hardness. This is explained by the occurrence of stress concentrators due to the expulsion of the graphite from the metallic matrix. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.,Cast iron; Erosion; Ferrite-pearlite matrix; Nodular graphite; Ultrasonic cavitation,Cavitation; Erosion; Ferrite; Graphite; Hardness; Microstructure; Nodular iron; Pearlite; cast iron; ferrite; ferrite pearlite; graphite; iron; metal; steel; unclassified drug; Cavitation erosion resistance; Ferrite-pearlite; Mechanical factors; Micro-structural observations; Nodular graphite; Stress concentrators; Ultrasonic cavitation; Ultrasonic experiments; Article; ceramics; crystal; erosion; hardness; materials; piezoelectricity; scanning electron microscopy; structure analysis; ultrasonic cavitation erosion; ultrasound; Cast iron,"Franc J.-P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra Cavitation S.K., Erosion in hydraulic turbine components and mitigation by coatings: Current status and future needs, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21, 7, pp. 1539-1551, (2012); Berchiche N.A., Franc J.-P., Michel J.M., A cavitation erosion model for ductile materials, J. Fluids Eng., 124, 3, pp. 601-606, (2002); Franc J.-P., Incubation time and cavitation erosion rate of work-hardening materials, J. Fluids Eng., 131, 2, pp. 021303-021317, (2009); Choi J.-K., Jayaprakash A., Chahine G.L., Scaling of cavitation erosion progression with cavitation intensity and cavitation, Wear, 278-279, pp. 53-61, (2012); Chahine G.L., Franc J.-P., Karimi A., Laboratory testing methods of cavitation erosion, Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction, Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, (2014); Section 3: Metals Test Methods and Analytical Procedures, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2010); Designation: G 32-09: Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 94-109, (2010); Abouel-Kasem A., Ezz El-Deen A., Emara K.M., Ahmed S.M., Investigation into cavitation erosion pits, J. Tribol., 131, pp. 31605-031612, (2009); Pai R., Hargreaves D.J., Performance of environment-friendly hydraulic fluids and material wear in cavitating conditions, Wear, 252, pp. 970-978, (2002); Alabeedi K.F., Abbond J.H., Benyounis K.Y., Microstructure and erosion resistance enhancement of nodular cast iron by laser melting, Wear, 266, 9-10, pp. 925-933, (2009); Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Analysis of cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron and nonferrous metals based on database and comparison with carbon steel data, Wear, 269, 5-6, pp. 443-448, (2010); Dojcinovic M., Olivera E., Rajnovi D., Sidjanin L., Balos S.C., The morphology of ductile cast iron surface damaged by cavitation, Metall. Mater. Eng., 18, 3, pp. 165-176, (2012)",,Elsevier B.V.,13504177,,ULSOE,Ultrason. Sonochem.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84911867776 ,Singh R.; Kumar D.; Mishra S.K.; Tiwari S.K.,"Singh, Raghuvir (58596187600); Kumar, Damodar (56115646900); Mishra, S.K. (7402725371); Tiwari, S.K. (57192378401)",58596187600; 56115646900; 7402725371; 57192378401,Laser cladding of Stellite 6 on stainless steel to enhance solid particle erosion and cavitation resistance,2014,Surface and Coatings Technology,251,,,87,97,10,123,10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.04.008,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901634869&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2014.04.008&partnerID=40&md5=1172bb1a73152af0bf76657ace5ac3ad,"Laser cladding of Stellite 6 on stainless steel 13Cr-4Ni has been performed to study the performance of clad on solid particle erosion (SPE) and cavitation erosion at varied energy densities (from 32 to 52J/mm2). Results are also compared with the AISI 304 stainless steel. The cladding geometry, dilution, microstructure and variation in microhardness were also investigated with laser energy inputs. The performance of cladded surfaces was studied for solid particle erosion and cavitation erosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution according to ASTM standard G76-07 and ASTM G32-07 methods respectively. Results indicated that clad dilution was 3-6% (geometrically) and 4.48% (compositionally) at 32J/mm2 that increased further with laser energy density. This accompanied compositional changes in the clad such that the Fe and Ni contents increased and Co, Cr, and W were observed to reduce with variation of laser energy density from 32 to 52J/mm2. The highest hardness (705Hv) of the clad was obtained at 32J/mm2 which reduced further by enhancing the laser energy density. Stellite 6 cladding has significantly enhanced the solid particle erosion resistance of stainless steel. Cladding at 32J/mm2 showed SPE and cavitation resistance than the cladding performed at higher laser energy densities. Cavitation erosion resistance of the stainless steel in 3.5% sodium chloride solution was enhanced by >90% by laser cladding. Lower corrosion current density of 13Cr-4Ni is observed after laser cladding which further increased with laser energy density. The erosion resistance obtained can be explained on the basis of dimensionless parameter related to kinetic energy. Cavitation resistance appears related to elastic recovery after cladding. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.",Cavitation; Corrosion; Erosion; Laser cladding; Stainless steel; Stellite 6,Cavitation; Corrosion; Erosion; Kinetics; Laser cladding; Nickel; Sodium chloride; AISI-304 stainless steel; Cavitation erosion resistance; Corrosion current densities; Dimensionless parameters; Sodium chloride solution; Solid particle erosion; Solid particle erosion resistance; Stellite 6; Stainless steel,"Tiziani A., Gio Dano L., Matteazzi P., Badan B., Mater. Sci. Eng., 88, pp. 171-175, (1987); Arabi Jeshvaghani R., Shamanian M., Jaberzadeh M., Mater. Des., 32, 4, pp. 2028-2033, (2011); Villar R., J. Laser Appl., 11, 2, pp. 64-79, (1990); Pizurova N., Komurka J., Svoboda M., Schneeweiss O., Mater. Sci. Technol., 9, 2, pp. 172-175, (1993); Frenk A., Wagniere J.D., J. Phys., 4, 1, pp. 65-68, (1991); Frenk A., Kurz W., Mater. Sci. Eng., A173, pp. 339-342, (1993); De Mol Van Otterloo J.L., De Hosson J., Acta Mater., 45, 3, pp. 1225-1236, (1997); Gassmann R.C., Mater. Sci. Technol., 12, pp. 691-696, (1996); Zhong M., Liu W., Yao K., Goussain J.-C., Mayer C., Becker A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 157, pp. 128-137, (2002); Shin J.-C., Doh J.-M., Yoon J.-K., Lee D.-Y., Kim J.-S., Surf. Coat. Technol., 166, pp. 117-126, (2003); D'Oliveira A.S.C.M., da Silva P.S.C.P., Vilar R.M.C., Surf. Coat. Technol., 153, pp. 203-209, (2002); Jendrzejewski R., Navas C., Conde A., de Damborenea J.J., Sliwinski G., Mater. Des., 29, pp. 187-192, (2008); Sun S., Durandet Y., Brandt M., Surf. Coat. Technol., 194, pp. 225-231, (2005); Kathuria Y.P., Surf. Coat. Technol., 132, pp. 262-269, (2000); Singh R., Tiwari S.K., Mishra S.K., JMEPEG, 21, pp. 1539-1551, (2012); Hutasoit N., Brandt M., Yan W., Blicblau A., Cottam R., Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal., 2, pp. 328-336, (2013); Cinca N., Lopez E., Dosta S., Guilemany J.M., Surf. Coat. Technol., 232, pp. 891-898, (2013); Luo F., Cockburn A., Lupoi R., Sparkes M., O'Neill W., Surf. Coat. Technol., 212, pp. 119-127, (2012); Sebastiani M., Mangione V., De Felicis D., Bemporad E., Carassiti F., Wear, pp. 10-17, (2012); Singhal S.K., Ratnendra S., Proceedings of the Himalayan Small Hydropower Summit, Held During October 12-13, 2006 (Dehradun), pp. 200-207, (2006); Apay S., Gulenc B., Mater. Des., 55, pp. 1-8, (2014); Gholipour A., Shamanian M., Ashrafizadeh F., J. Alloys Compd., 509, 14, pp. 4905-4909, (2011); da Silva W.S., Souza R.M., Mello J.D.B., Goldenstein H., Wear, 271, 9-10, pp. 1819-1827, (2011); ASTM G76-07 standard test method for conducting erosion tests by solid particle impingement using gas jets, ASTM standard, pp. 310-315, (2007); ASTM G32-07 standard test method for cavitation erosion using vibratory apparatus, ASTM Standards, pp. 98-111, (2007); Meng H.C., Ludema K.C., Wear, pp. 443-457, (1995); Levin B.F., Vecchio K.S., Dupont J.N., Marder A.R., Metall. Mater. Trans., 30 A, pp. 1763-1774, (1999); Wade E.H.R., Preece C.M., Metall. Trans., 9 A, pp. 1299-1310, (1978)",,Elsevier,2578972,,,Surf. Coat. Technol.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84901634869 Bordeasu,Bordeasu I.; Mitelea I.; Katona S.-E.,"Bordeasu, Ilare (13409573100); Mitelea, Ion (16309955100); Katona, Stefan-Eusebiu (56524419400)",13409573100; 16309955100; 56524419400,Considerations regarding the behavior of some austenitic stainless steels to cavitation erosion,2012,"METAL 2012 - Conference Proceedings, 21st International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials",,,,730,736,6,6,,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923873685&partnerID=40&md5=72fcb4b407ddbfd6640a4a8cb5c23c39,"Paper analyze the cavitation erosion behavior of six stainless steels with preponderant austenitic equilibrium microstructure on the basis both on the characteristic curves MDE (t) (mean depth erosion against time), MDER (t) (the erosion velocity against time) and the eroded area micrographs obtained by the use of optical and electronic microscopes. For the laboratory researches it was used a vibratory facility with piezoelectric crystals, realized in the Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory of the Timişoara ""Polytechnic"" University, in conformity with the prescription given by the ASTM G32-10 Standard. The final purpose was to identify the influence of the carbon and other principal alloying elements as well as the microscopic structure morphology upon the resistance to the erosion of the tested materials. From the laboratory obtained data it resulted that besides the rate between the alpha gene and gamma gene elements, the carbon content has an important influence upon withstanding to the impact of the cavitation bubbles. On the other hand, high carbon content worsens the welding repair work. The obtained conclusions are useful for developing new stainless steels for the use in manufacturing hydraulic machineries.",Cavitation erosion; Cavitation erosion characteristic curves; Chemical composition; Microstructure; Vibratory facilities,Alloying elements; Austenite; Austenitic stainless steel; Carbon; Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Genes; Hydraulic machinery; Microstructure; Repair; Characteristic curve; Chemical compositions; Electronic microscopes; Equilibrium microstructures; Erosion characteristics; High carbon content; Microscopic structures; Piezoelectric crystals; Erosion,"Bordeasu I., Eroziunea Cavitaţionalə a Materialelor, (2006); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Cavitation erosion behaviour of stainless steels with constant nickel and variable chromium content, Materials Testing-materials and Components, Technology and Application, 54, 1, pp. 53-58, (2011); Bordeasu I., Mitelea I., Popoviciu M.O., Chirita C., Method for classifying stainless steels upon cavitation resistance, METAL 2011, 20th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, (2011); Franc J.P., Michel J.M., Fundamentals of Cavitation, (2004); Heathcock C.J., Protheroe B.E., Ball A., Cavitation erosion of stainless steels, Wear, 81, 2, pp. 311-327, (1982); Popoviciu M.O., Bordeasu I., Considerations regarding the total duration of vibratory cavitation erosion test, Third International Symposium on Cavitation, pp. 221-226, (1998); Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus ASTM G 32-2010; Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., The anticavitational characteristics of deposited layers of austenitic manganese steel, Metalurgia International, 16, 7, pp. 91-94, (2009); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Hadar A., The effect of nickel content upon cavitation erosion for stainless steels with 13% chromium und less than 0, 1% carbon, Revista de Chimie Bucureşti, Chem. Abs. RCBUAU, 56, 11, pp. 1169-1174, (2005); Mitelea I., Bordeasu I., Hadar A., Cavitation erosion characteristics of stainless steels with controled transformation. Revista de Chimie Bucureşti, Chem. Abs. RCBUAU, 57, 2, pp. 215-220, (2006)",,TANGER Ltd.,,978-808729431-4,,"METAL - Conf. Proc., Int. Conf. Metall. Mater.",Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84923873685 ,Lee S.-J.; Kim S.-J.,"Lee, Seung-Jun (57203597348); Kim, Seong-Jong (34769651100)",57203597348; 34769651100,Effects of flow velocity on electrochemical behavior of seachest 5083-H116 Al alloy for ship,2011,Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition),21,8,,1703,1709,6,5,10.1016/S1003-6326(11)60918-7,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053320794&doi=10.1016%2fS1003-6326%2811%2960918-7&partnerID=40&md5=3dc997e2f9dc4297c72f8f5280559510,"Electrochemical behavior of 5083-H116 Al alloy with flow velocity of seachest material for Al ship was evaluated. To examine the electrochemical characteristics of flow velocity and its effects on the performance of the alloy, experiments were conducted at four flow velocity variables using static state with an agitator. An ultrasonic vibration generator using piezoelectric effect was used in cavitation test according to the requirements of in ASTM-G32. The results show that the corrosion current density and damage were increased by applying the flow velocity compared to static state. Therefore, it is determined that the case of applying flow velocity is weaker to the corrosion. © 2011 The Nonferrous Metals Society of China.",aluminium ships; flow velocity; marine growth prevention system; over-protection; sea-chest,Aluminum; Aluminum alloys; Cerium alloys; Corrosion; Electric equipment protection; Piezoelectricity; Ships; Velocity; Al alloys; Corrosion current densities; Electrochemical behaviors; Electrochemical characteristics; Marine growth; over-protection; Piezo-electric effects; sea-chest; Static state; Ultrasonic vibration; Flow velocity,"Talks M.G., Moreton G., Cavitation erosion of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, Proceeding of Cavitation Erosion in Fluid Systems, pp. 139-152, (1981); Jang S.K., C K.O.S., Han M.S., Kim S.J., Characteristics evaluation with coating thickness in al thermal spray coating for 304 stainless steel, Interfinish 2008 Conference Proceeding, (2008); Deltombe E., Pourbaix M., Comportement electrochimique de l'aluminum. Diagramme d'equilibre tension-pH du system Al-H2O, at 25 °c [R], Rapport Technique, (1956); De Sanchez S.R., Schiffrin D.J., The use of high speed rotating disc electrodes for the study of erosion-corrosion of copper base alloys in sea water [J], Corrosion Science, 28, 2, pp. 141-151, (1988); Clarke R.J., Corrosion - Metal/Environment Reactions [M], (1976); Morgan J., Cathodic Protection [M], (1987); Parkins R.N., Markworth A.J., Holbrook J.H., Hydrogen gas evolution from cathodically protected pipeline steel surfaces exposed to chloride-sulfate solutions [J], Corrosion, 44, 8, pp. 572-580, (1988); Johnsen R., Bardal E., Cathodic properties of different stainless steels in natural sea water [J], Corrosion, 41, 5, pp. 296-302, (1985); Kim S.-J., Okido M., Moon K.-M., An electrochemical study of cathodic protection of steel used for marine structures, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 20, 3, pp. 560-565, (2003); Won D.S., Hwang C.H., Park Y.S., Kim J.C., Effects of velocity, turbidity, galvanic coupling and cathodic protection on the erosion-corrosion resistances of Cu alloys, Ti, cast iron, stainless in synthetic [J], Corrosion Science and Technology, 19, 1, pp. 24-32, (1990); Lee H.R., Corrosion of Metals [M], pp. 75-80, (1995)",,,10036326,,TNMCE,Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-80053320794 ,Pflitsch C.; Curdts B.; Buck V.; Atakan B.,"Pflitsch, Christian (12139972200); Curdts, Benjamin (18436801600); Buck, Volker (7006322273); Atakan, Burak (7003946812)",12139972200; 18436801600; 7006322273; 7003946812,Wear properties of MOCVD-grown aluminium oxide films studied by cavitation erosion experiments,2007,Surface and Coatings Technology,201,22-23 SPEC. ISS.,,9299,9303,4,5,10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.04.092,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547802641&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2007.04.092&partnerID=40&md5=dd6cd2f44389792c4950290a2f3d8c1b,"Thin aluminium oxide films are of interest due to many technical applications, such as hard coating, electrical insulator, or antireflective coating. It is obvious for such applications that the used films should have a good contact with the substrate underneath, be well adhering and be mechanically resistant. Therefore, cavitation experiments according to the ASTM G32-92 standard were now used to study the adhesion and wear resistance of CVD-grown aluminium oxide films. It is shown that amorphous alumina films (0.75 μm thick) which are grown in a hot wall reactor on steel are enduring the cavitation erosion better than the clean and uncovered steel, and are thus very promising for technical applications. After 30 min cavitation, no damages are observed on the coated samples by SEM while uncoated steel is clearly damaged. After 180 min, the mass loss of the specimen caused by cavitation erosion is more than 7 times lower than the one of coated steel. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",Aluminium oxide; Cavitation erosion; Hard coating; MOCVD; Steel; Wear properties,Adhesion; Alumina; Cavitation corrosion; Hard coatings; Metallorganic chemical vapor deposition; Steel; Wear resistance; Adhesion; Cavitation corrosion; Hard coatings; Metallorganic chemical vapor deposition; Steel; Wear resistance; Antireflective coating; Electrical insulator; Thin aluminium oxide films; Alumina,"Sundgren J.E., Hentzell H.T.G., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A., 4, (1986); Yoldas B.E., Appl. Opt., 19, (1980); Kobayashi T., Okamura M., Yamaguchi E., Shinoda Y., Hirota Y., J. Appl. Phys., 52, (1981); Moodera J.S., Kinder L.R., J. Appl. Phys., 79, (1996); Bahlawane N., Blittersdorf S., Kohse-Hoinghaus K., Atakan B., Muller J., J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, (2004); Muller J., Schierling M., Zimmermann E., Neuschutz D., Surf. Coat. Technol., 120-121, (1999); Schneider J.M., Sproul W.D., Matthews A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 98, (1998); Pflitsch C., Muhsin A., Bergmann U., Atakan B., Surf. Coat. Technol., 201, (2006); Pflitsch C., Viefhaus D., Bergmann U., Atakan B., Thin Solid Films, 515, (2007); Ollendorf H., Schneider D., Surf. Coat. Technol., 113, (1999); Deuerler F., Lemmer O., Frank M., Pohl M., Hessing C., Refract. Metals Hard Mater, 20, (2002); Werkstoffwoche 98-Band IX, (1999); Landolt-Börnstein, New Series, Group III, 7 b, (1975)",,,2578972,,,Surf. Coat. Technol.,Article,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-34547802641 ,Dybowski B.; Szala M.; Kiełbus A.; Hejwowski T.,"Dybowski, Bartłomiej (55516034400); Szala, Mirosław (56545535000); Kiełbus, Andrzej (23100596400); Hejwowski, Tadeusz (6603174500)",55516034400; 56545535000; 23100596400; 6603174500,Microstructural phenomena occurring during early stages of cavitation erosion of Al-Si aluminium casting alloys,2015,Solid State Phenomena,227,,,255,258,3,10,10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.227.255,https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924528145&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fSSP.227.255&partnerID=40&md5=cb3ed2cbab400eaef75bf3803a2a4031,"The researches have concerned cavitation erosion of AlSi7Mg and AlSi11Mg aluminium casting alloys. The alloys have been investigated in the as-cast condition and after the precipitation hardening. The cavitation erosion tests were performed using vibratory cavitation erosion equipment in 5 minutes. Resistance to cavitation of tested materials was estimated by means of MDE (mean depth of erosion) parameter according to ASTM G32. After the cavitation tests eroded surface of the specimens has been observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. The roughness of the surface was measured on profile contact tester. The best resistance for cavitation erosion exhibited AlSi7Mg alloy after heat treatment, the weakest AlSi11Mg alloy in as-cast condition. © (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.",Aluminium alloy; Cavitation; Erosion mechanisms; Microstructure; Profilometry,After-heat treatment; Age hardening; Aluminum alloys; Aluminum castings; Cavitation; Erosion; Heat resistance; Microstructure; Precipitation (chemical); Profilometry; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface testing; Aluminium casting alloy; As-cast; Erosion mechanisms; Mean depth of erosions; Microstructural phenomenon; Vibratory cavitation erosion; Silicon alloys,"Hattori S., Kitagawa T., Wear, 269, pp. 443-448, (2010); Jasionowski R., Przetakiewicz D., Przetakiewicz W., Amm, 59, pp. 241-245, (2014); Cheng F., Jiang S., Liang J., Applied Surf. Sci, 280, pp. 287-296, (2013); Tomlinson W.J., Matthews S.J., J. Mater. Sci, 29, pp. 1101-1108, (1994); Szkodo M., Erozja Kawitacyjna materiałów Konstrukcyjnych Metalowych, (2008); Feller H.G., Kharrazi Y., Wear, 93, pp. 249-260, (1984); Wang W., Wang M., Sun F., Zheng Y., Jiao J., Surf. Coat. Technol, 202, pp. 5116-5121, (2008); ASTM International, (2010); Szala M., Hejwowski T., Lenart I., Adv. Sci. Technol. - Research J, 8, pp. 36-42, (2014); Taylor J.A., The effect of iron in Al-Si casting alloys, Casting Concepts. 35Th Australian Foundry Institute National Conference, (2004)","Michalska J.; Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Department of Materials Science, Institute of Materials Sciences, Krasinskiego 8, Katowice, 40-019; Sowa M.; Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Krzywoustego 6, Gliwice, 44-100",Trans Tech Publications Ltd,10120394,978-303835391-1,,Solid State Phenomena,Conference paper,Final,,Scopus,2-s2.0-84924528145