diff --git a/hardness_porosity.org b/hardness_porosity.org
index 9ad5141..4f04bd8 100644
--- a/hardness_porosity.org
+++ b/hardness_porosity.org
@@ -1,1765 +1,1765 @@
-
-
-
-Puerta201315
-
-| Key                  | Sample                | Microhardness | Type          | Porosity |
-| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn_300C            |            58 | HV_0.15       |      2.3 |
-| Shorinov2023         | Al+Al2O3_300C         |            75 | HV_0.15       |      2.1 |
-| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn+Al2O3_300C      |            84 | HV_0.15       |      2.5 |
-| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn_450C            |            65 | HV_0.15       |      2.4 |
-| Shorinov2023         | Al+Al2O3_450C         |            81 | HV_0.15       |      1.7 |
-| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn+Al2O3_450C      |            89 | HV_0.15       |      2.0 |
-| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn_600C            |            50 | HV_0.15       |      4.1 |
-| Shorinov2023         | Al+Al2O3_600C         |            58 | HV_0.15       |      3.5 |
-| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn+Al2O3_600C      |            37 | HV_0.15       |      5.6 |
-|----------------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+----------|
-| Podchernyaeva2017689 | 65ZrB2_15MoSi2_20NiCr |            15 | GPa - HV_0.5N |      3.6 |
-|----------------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+----------|
-| Cho20093250          | WC-Co                 |          1120 | HV_0.3        |      4.3 |
-|----------------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+----------|
-| Brandolt201710       |                       |               |               |          |
-
-
-@nil
-@nil
-@nil
-[[zotero://select/items/1_895KZHSK][Ahmed, R. “Contact Fatigue Failure Modes of HVOF Coatings.” Wear 253, no. 3–4 (2002): 473–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00163-1.]]
-
-[cite:@ahmedInfluenceCoatingThickness2001]
-
-
-Amokrane2011932
-Koga2017938
-Deesom2016240
-Younes20152394
-bhuiya2015328
-MazaheriTehrani2020
-Costa200929
-Reyes-Mojena2017239
-Thakare2018438
-Nutsch201161
-Rukhande202298
-Singh20214431
-Kumar20221956
-Widjajanto2023
-Kumar20186413
-Singh20232068
-Dangi2022201
-Sundararajan2005377
-Latka2020
-Ganesan2016788
-Sivarajan2021126
-Singh20222172
-
-Puerta201315
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Puerta201315,
-	author = {Puerta, Douglas G.},
-	title = {Thermal spray coating: Characterization and evaluation},
-	year = {2013},
-	journal = {Advanced Materials and Processes},
-	volume = {171},
-	number = {2},
-    doi = {https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2013-02.p015},
-	pages = {15 – 19},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874751339&partnerID=40&md5=c7fe8b634398ffe152647bcd0a1c03d4},
-	note = {Cited by: 3}
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-Shorinov2023
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Shorinov2023,
-	author = {Shorinov, Oleksandr and Dolmatov, Anatolii and Polyviany, Sergii},
-	title = {The effect of process temperature and powder composition on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of low-pressure cold spraying aluminum-based coatings},
-	year = {2023},
-	journal = {Materials Research Express},
-	volume = {10},
-	number = {2},
-	doi = {10.1088/2053-1591/acb6f0},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147729664&doi=10.1088%2f2053-1591%2facb6f0&partnerID=40&md5=2c24846669b8fb3a3973db6d13a25ef4},
-	author_keywords = {adhesion; coating; metal-ceramic powders; microhardness; porosity},
-	note = {Cited by: 2}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
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-Podchernyaeva2017689
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Podchernyaeva2017689,
-	author = {Podchernyaeva, I.A. and Grigoriev, O.N. and Panasyuk, A.D. and Evdokimenko, Yu. I. and Kisel’, V.M. and Yurechko, D.V. and Panashenko, V.M.},
-	title = {High-Temperature ZrB2-Based Coatings on Metallic Alloys Produced by High-Velocity Air-Fuel Thermal Spraying},
-	year = {2017},
-	journal = {Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics},
-	volume = {55},
-	number = {11-12},
-	pages = {689 – 697},
-	doi = {10.1007/s11106-017-9856-x},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018327801&doi=10.1007%2fs11106-017-9856-x&partnerID=40&md5=558274de66ab2179bbabb771676a7ecc},
-	author_keywords = {composition; properties; structure; thermal spray coating; zirconium diboride},
-	note = {Cited by: 3}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-Cho20093250
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Cho20093250,
-	author = {Cho, Tong Yul and Yoon, Jae Hong and Cho, Jae Young and Joo, Yun Kon and Kang, Jin Ho and Zhang, Shihong and Chun, Hui Gon and Hwang, Soon Young and Kwon, Sik Chol},
-	title = {Surface properties and tensile bond strength of HVOF thermal spray coatings of WC-Co powder onto the surface of 420J2 steel and the bond coats of Ni, NiCr, and Ni/NiCr},
-	year = {2009},
-	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
-	volume = {203},
-	number = {20-21},
-	pages = {3250 – 3253},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.04.003},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67349264867&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2009.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=ad1327e82340c98ba5d251630d89e69f},
-	author_keywords = {Adhesion; Bond coat; Fracture location; Hardness},
-	note = {Cited by: 36}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
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-Brandolt201710
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Brandolt201710,
-	author = {Brandolt, Cristiane de Souza and Noronha, Leandro Câmara and Hidalgo, Gelsa Edith Navarro and Takimi, Antonio Shigueaki and Schroeder, Roberto Moreira and Malfatti, Célia de Fraga},
-	title = {Niobium coating applied by HVOF as protection against hydrogen embrittlement of API 5CT P110 steel},
-	year = {2017},
-	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
-	volume = {322},
-	pages = {10 – 18},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.05.017},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019450365&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2017.05.017&partnerID=40&md5=d5e5514a209ad5ed8a98f18667244b43},
-	author_keywords = {API 5CT P110 steel; HVOF; Hydrogen embrittlement; Niobium; Thermal spray coating},
-	note = {Cited by: 28}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
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-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Amokrane2011932,
-	author = {Amokrane, Bradai Mohand and Abdelhamid, Sadeddine and Youcef, Mouadji and Abderrahim, Benabbas and Nedjemeddine, Bounar and Ahmed, Mammeri},
-	title = {Microstructural and mechanical properties of Ni-base thermal spray coatings deposited by flame spraying},
-	year = {2011},
-	journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science},
-	volume = {42},
-	number = {5},
-	pages = {932 – 938},
-	doi = {10.1007/s11663-011-9551-0},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054890285&doi=10.1007%2fs11663-011-9551-0&partnerID=40&md5=720a8d828274ce151648937861575190},
-	note = {Cited by: 9}
-}
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-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Koga2017938,
-	author = {Koga, G.Y. and Schulz, R. and Savoie, S. and Nascimento, A.R.C. and Drolet, Y. and Bolfarini, C. and Kiminami, C.S. and Botta, W.J.},
-	title = {Microstructure and wear behavior of Fe-based amorphous HVOF coatings produced from commercial precursors},
-	year = {2017},
-	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
-	volume = {309},
-	pages = {938 – 944},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.057},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85005847170&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2016.10.057&partnerID=40&md5=87ac69259cbfc83197bdc9508e286a68},
-	author_keywords = {Amorphous alloys; Commercial precursors; Steel; Thermal spray coatings; Wear testing},
-	note = {Cited by: 98}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Deesom2016240,
-	author = {Deesom, D. and Charoenrut, K. and Moonngam, S. and Banjongprasert, C.},
-	title = {Fabrication and properties of NiCr/CNTs nanocomposite coatings prepared by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying},
-	year = {2016},
-	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
-	volume = {306},
-	pages = {240 – 244},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.06.016},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979651407&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2016.06.016&partnerID=40&md5=26742fe0d2940c1d2d3ead2f5e5ae7ef},
-	author_keywords = {Carbon nanotubes; Nanocomposite; Nickel-Chromium; Surface technology; Thermal spray coating},
-	note = {Cited by: 16}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Younes20152394,
-	author = {Younes, Rassim and Bradai, Mohand Amokrane and Sadeddine, Abdelhamid and Mouadji, Youcef and Bilek, Ali and Benabbas, Abderrahim},
-	title = {Microstructural and Tribological Properties of Al2O3-13pctTiO2 Thermal Spray Coatings Deposited by Flame Spraying},
-	year = {2015},
-	journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science},
-	volume = {46},
-	number = {5},
-	pages = {2394 – 2403},
-	doi = {10.1007/s11663-015-0412-0},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942154760&doi=10.1007%2fs11663-015-0412-0&partnerID=40&md5=7cc61af78a2989a2256f1e7bca7bde60},
-	note = {Cited by: 10}
-}
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-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@BOOK{Barbhuiya2015328,
-	author = {Barbhuiya, Salim and Choudhury, Ikbal},
-	title = {Characterization of mechanical properties and the abrasive wear of thermal spray coatings},
-	year = {2015},
-	journal = {Thermal Sprayed Coatings and their Tribological Performances},
-	pages = {328 – 359},
-	doi = {10.4018/978-1-4666-7489-9.ch011},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957104437&doi=10.4018%2f978-1-4666-7489-9.ch011&partnerID=40&md5=ae5793ac1f937a0a65da72d65141ddfd},
-	note = {Cited by: 1}
-}
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-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{MazaheriTehrani2020,
-	author = {Mazaheri Tehrani, Hossein and Shoja-Razavi, Reza and Erfanmanesh, Mohmmad and Hashemi, Sayed Hamid and Barekat, Masoud},
-	title = {Evaluation of the mechanical properties of WC-Ni composite coating on an AISI 321 steel substrate},
-	year = {2020},
-	journal = {Optics and Laser Technology},
-	volume = {127},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106138},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080084800&doi=10.1016%2fj.optlastec.2020.106138&partnerID=40&md5=90db41f938a14e2ef19bd4cb6dd1f115},
-	author_keywords = {Elasticity modulus; Fracture toughness; Laser cladding; Mechanical properties; Nickel electroless plating; WC-Ni},
-	note = {Cited by: 38}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Costa200929,
-	author = {Costa, M.Y.P. and Venditti, M.L.R. and Voorwald, H.J.C. and Cioffi, M.O.H. and Cruz, T.G.},
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-	year = {2009},
-	journal = {Materials Science and Engineering: A},
-	volume = {507},
-	number = {1-2},
-	pages = {29 – 36},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.msea.2008.11.068},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61749104278&doi=10.1016%2fj.msea.2008.11.068&partnerID=40&md5=c9b16f42ca716f46f5a33d202ed64b6a},
-	author_keywords = {Fatigue; HVOF; Shot peening; Ti-6Al-4V},
-	note = {Cited by: 61}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Reyes-Mojena2017239,
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-	year = {2017},
-	journal = {DYNA (Colombia)},
-	volume = {84},
-	number = {202},
-	pages = {239 – 246},
-	doi = {10.15446/dyna.v84n202.56542},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033800172&doi=10.15446%2fdyna.v84n202.56542&partnerID=40&md5=58dd0affaebab3f12e2b7abfe93590d8},
-	author_keywords = {HVOF; Nanostructured coatings; Slurry erosion; Thermal spray coatings},
-	note = {Cited by: 9}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Thakare2018438,
-	author = {Thakare, J.G. and Mulik, R.S. and Mahapatra, M.M.},
-	title = {Effect of carbon nanotubes and aluminum oxide on the properties of a plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating},
-	year = {2018},
-	journal = {Ceramics International},
-	volume = {44},
-	number = {1},
-	pages = {438 – 451},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.09.196},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030713541&doi=10.1016%2fj.ceramint.2017.09.196&partnerID=40&md5=ff6dd0b4e57efaa69b02489c8fe12b02},
-	author_keywords = {CNT (D); Corrosion(C); Plasma (A); Porosity (B)},
-	note = {Cited by: 42}
-}
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-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Nutsch201161,
-	author = {Nutsch, Gabriele},
-	title = {Atmospheric induction plasma spraying},
-	year = {2011},
-	journal = {High Temperature Material Processes},
-	volume = {15},
-	number = {1},
-	pages = {61 – 74},
-	doi = {10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v15.i1.80},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862322597&doi=10.1615%2fHighTempMatProc.v15.i1.80&partnerID=40&md5=fe40bed0aa710997c2e9654a8d86677e},
-	author_keywords = {Ceramic coatings; Inductively coupled plasma; Plasma spraying; RF plasma},
-	note = {Cited by: 15}
-}
-
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-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Rukhande202298,
-	author = {Rukhande, Sanjay W. and Rathod, W.S. and Bhosale, Digvijay},
-	title = {High-temperature tribological investigation of APS and HVOF sprayed NiCrBSiFe coatings on SS 316L},
-	year = {2022},
-	journal = {Tribology - Materials, Surfaces and Interfaces},
-	volume = {16},
-	number = {2},
-	pages = {98 – 109},
-	doi = {10.1080/17515831.2021.1898887},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104295033&doi=10.1080%2f17515831.2021.1898887&partnerID=40&md5=d997f6d0ca14b20af506365e3103f0e4},
-	author_keywords = {APS; high-temperature sliding wear; HVOF; NiCrBSiFe; Thermal spray coatings},
-	note = {Cited by: 10}
-}
-
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-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@CONFERENCE{Singh20214431,
-	author = {Singh, Parvinkal and Kumar, Pardeep},
-	title = {Improvement in surface integrity of thermally sprayed cermet coatings},
-	year = {2021},
-	journal = {Materials Today: Proceedings},
-	volume = {45},
-	pages = {4431 – 4436},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.522},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107438486&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2020.12.522&partnerID=40&md5=085bc625e57feb959ed1027af5265f1e},
-	author_keywords = {Burnishing; Burnishing forces; Micro hardness; Microstructure; Surface roughness},
-	note = {Cited by: 6}
-}
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-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Kumar20221956,
-	author = {Kumar, Himanshu and Bhaduri, Gaurav A and Manikandan, S.G.K. and Kamaraj, M. and Shiva, S.},
-	title = {Microstructural Characterization and Tribological Properties of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed High Entropy Alloy Coatings},
-	year = {2022},
-	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
-	volume = {31},
-	number = {6},
-	pages = {1956 – 1974},
-	doi = {10.1007/s11666-022-01422-z},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131205542&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-022-01422-z&partnerID=40&md5=644f0ff221d838a7f5a802bec1e27612},
-	author_keywords = {atmospheric plasma spray; high entropy alloy; thermal spray coating; wear; x-ray diffraction},
-	note = {Cited by: 11}
-}
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-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Widjajanto2023,
-	author = {Widjajanto, Teguh and Darmadi, Djarot B. and Irawan, Yudy Surya and Gapsari, Femiana},
-	title = {Comparative microstructure characteristics and properties of arc-sprayed Fe-based and HVOF-sprayed Ni-based coatings on ASME SA 210 C steel tube},
-	year = {2023},
-	journal = {Results in Engineering},
-	volume = {17},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100985},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152002984&doi=10.1016%2fj.rineng.2023.100985&partnerID=40&md5=67c2cb4d8466e7e84a610f76d17f693c},
-	author_keywords = {Arc spray; Fe-based; HVOF; Ni-based; Tube coating},
-	note = {Cited by: 4}
-}
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-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@CONFERENCE{Kumar20186413,
-	author = {Kumar, Hemant and Chittosiya, Chetan and Shukla, V.N.},
-	title = {HVOF Sprayed WC Based Cermet Coating for Mitigation of Cavitation, Erosion & Abrasion in Hydro Turbine Blade},
-	year = {2018},
-	journal = {Materials Today: Proceedings},
-	volume = {5},
-	number = {2},
-	pages = {6413 – 6420},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.253},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045144096&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2017.12.253&partnerID=40&md5=b586188a724ce3c3025340018669117a},
-	author_keywords = {Cavitation; Cermet coating; Slurry eosion},
-	note = {Cited by: 37}
-}
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-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Singh20232068,
-	author = {Singh, Parvinkal and Kumar, Pardeep and Virdi, Roshan Lal},
-	title = {Effect of In-process Cryogenic Cooling in the Burnishing Process on the Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of HVOF Cermet Coating},
-	year = {2023},
-	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
-	volume = {32},
-	number = {7},
-	pages = {2068 – 2080},
-	doi = {10.1007/s11666-023-01632-z},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165037726&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-023-01632-z&partnerID=40&md5=ab2be791bd0b1259cffdd117a0143e99},
-	author_keywords = {compressive residual stresses; cryogenic burnishing; porosity; solid particle erosion; thermal spray coating},
-	note = {Cited by: 1}
-}
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-@ARTICLE{Dangi2022201,
-	author = {Dangi, Sonia and Walia, R.S. and Suri, N.M. and Chaudhary, Sumit},
-	title = {Study of Development of Various Morphological Phases and Its Effects on the Thermal Coated Specimen—A Review},
-	year = {2022},
-	journal = {Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering},
-	volume = {Part F41},
-	pages = {201 – 213},
-	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-73495-4_14},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85161394918&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-73495-4_14&partnerID=40&md5=b445545571cc120166c8ded76a6149da},
-	author_keywords = {Cracks; Morphology; Porosity; SEM; Thermal spray coating; Tribology},
-	note = {Cited by: 0}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Sundararajan2005377,
-	author = {Sundararajan, G. and Sen, D. and Sivakumar, G.},
-	title = {The tribological behaviour of detonation sprayed coatings: The importance of coating process parameters},
-	year = {2005},
-	journal = {Wear},
-	volume = {258},
-	number = {1-4 SPEC. ISS.},
-	pages = {377 – 391},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.wear.2004.03.022},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10644269191&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2004.03.022&partnerID=40&md5=ca32acd52160c265e41d852b97995905},
-	author_keywords = {Abrasion; Detonation spray coatings; Erosion; Sliding wear; Thermal spray coatings; Tribology},
-	note = {Cited by: 45}
-}
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-@ARTICLE{Latka2020,
-	author = {Łatka, Leszek and Pawłowski, Lech and Winnicki, Marcin and Sokołowski, Pawel and Małachowska, Aleksandra and Kozerski, Stefan},
-	title = {Review of functionally graded thermal sprayed coatings},
-	year = {2020},
-	journal = {Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
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-	number = {15},
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-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088784874&doi=10.3390%2fapp10155153&partnerID=40&md5=1ae940474b76bafdc6066a9fb6125f46},
-	author_keywords = {Application of thermal spray coatings; Functional graded coatings; Thermal spray coatings},
-	note = {Cited by: 72}
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-@ARTICLE{Ganesan2016788,
-	author = {Ganesan, Amirthan and Takuma, Okada and Yamada, Motohiro and Fukumoto, Masahiro},
-	title = {Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Warm-Sprayed Titanium Coating on Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic},
-	year = {2016},
-	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
-	volume = {25},
-	number = {4},
-	pages = {788 – 796},
-	doi = {10.1007/s11666-016-0392-x},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959320331&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-016-0392-x&partnerID=40&md5=3d631165d0ad5a0911d87d95b7aa69f8},
-	author_keywords = {adhesion strength; aerospace; interlayer; microhardness; porosity of coating; titanium},
-	note = {Cited by: 2}
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-@ARTICLE{Sivarajan2021126,
-	author = {Sivarajan, S. and Padmanabhan, R. and Stokes, Joseph.T.},
-	title = {Effect of power and scan speed on the melt profile and hardness of laser-treated HVOF thermally sprayed nanostructured WC-12Co mixed with Inconel 625 coatings},
-	year = {2021},
-	journal = {Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies},
-	volume = {7},
-	number = {1},
-	pages = {126 – 135},
-	doi = {10.1080/2374068X.2020.1754742},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083662878&doi=10.1080%2f2374068X.2020.1754742&partnerID=40&md5=60c086b3820c6e65b0de546fa591fcda},
-	author_keywords = {HVOF; laser treatment; power; scan speed; Wear},
-	note = {Cited by: 0}
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-@ARTICLE{Singh20222172,
-	author = {Singh, Parvinkal and Kumar, Pardeep and Virdi, Roshan Lal},
-	title = {Burnishing with Grinding Wheel-Shaped Alloy Tool and Its Effect on Surface Integrity and Erosion Behavior of WC-10Co-4Cr HVOF Coating},
-	year = {2022},
-	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
-	volume = {31},
-	number = {7},
-	pages = {2172 – 2190},
-	doi = {10.1007/s11666-022-01435-8},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133529107&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-022-01435-8&partnerID=40&md5=f3ff7aaf9a0c7348a06cc3570dd0c170},
-	author_keywords = {burnishing process; cermet coating; erosion; microstructural characterization; thermal spray processing},
-	note = {Cited by: 4}
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-* TBD TBD
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-@ARTICLE{Kuruvila20221741,
-	author = {Kuruvila, Roshan and Kumaran, S. Thirumalai and Khan, M. Adam},
-	title = {Solid particle erosion behavior of nichrome coated duplex stainless steel},
-	year = {2022},
-	journal = {International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration},
-	volume = {9},
-	number = {97},
-	pages = {1741 – 1756},
-	doi = {10.19101/IJATEE.2021.876388},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147030108&doi=10.19101%2fIJATEE.2021.876388&partnerID=40&md5=507f7e0d485ca4d8389befe164a7446f},
-	author_keywords = {Duplex steel; Erosion; Nichrome; Thermal spray coating},
-	note = {Cited by: 2}
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-@ARTICLE{Chun202117476,
-	author = {Chun, Se Min and Park, Sea Mee and Yang, Geon Woo and Shin, Dong Hun and Moon, Heung Soo and Hong, Yong Cheol and Moon, Se Youn},
-	title = {Improvement of the flowability of fine yttrium oxide powders by microwave oxygen plasma and evaluation of the dense coating layer},
-	year = {2021},
-	journal = {Ceramics International},
-	volume = {47},
-	number = {12},
-	pages = {17476 – 17486},
-	doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.03.065},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105367907&doi=10.1016%2fj.ceramint.2021.03.065&partnerID=40&md5=be895b7de164bd872038844a1027b4d9},
-	author_keywords = {Dense coating layer; flowability; microwave O<sub>2</sub> plasma; Surface treatment; Yttrium oxide powder},
-	note = {Cited by: 4}
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-@ARTICLE{Güney202173,
-	author = {Güney, Bekir},
-	title = {Corrosion and wear behaviour of HVOF spraying WC-12% Ni coating on gray cast-iron},
-	year = {2021},
-	journal = {Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences},
-	volume = {28},
-	number = {1},
-	pages = {73 – 81},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114557906&partnerID=40&md5=fed3b7e322b67b6ff0f3e471681f4849},
-	author_keywords = {Corrosion behaviour; HVOF coating; Microstructure; Thermal spray coating; Wear},
-	note = {Cited by: 8}
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-@ARTICLE{Vishnoi20235743,
-	author = {Vishnoi, Mohit and Murtaza, Qasim and Kumar, Paras},
-	title = {Characterization of erbium oxide doped HP-HVOF deposited carbide ceramic coating on martensitic steel},
-	year = {2023},
-	journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science},
-	volume = {237},
-	number = {23},
-	pages = {5743 – 5754},
-	doi = {10.1177/09544062231164299},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152281970&doi=10.1177%2f09544062231164299&partnerID=40&md5=6047d09ebae4cb89aa895cae1864c4ca},
-	author_keywords = {erbium oxide; HP-HVOF; rare earth; SS410; Thermal spray coatings; wettability},
-	note = {Cited by: 1}
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-@ARTICLE{Yung2019,
-	author = {Yung, Tung-Yuan and Chen, Tai-Cheng and Tsai, Kun-Cao and Lu, Wen-Feng and Huang, Jiunn-Yuan and Liu, Ting-Yu},
-	title = {Thermal spray coatings of Al, ZnAl and Inconel 625 alloys on SS304L for anti-saline corrosion},
-	year = {2019},
-	journal = {Coatings},
-	volume = {9},
-	number = {1},
-	doi = {10.3390/coatings9010032},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060539459&doi=10.3390%2fcoatings9010032&partnerID=40&md5=0b988e5dc855448f301346c7ca1948da},
-	author_keywords = {625 Inconel alloy; Al; Corrosion; SS304L; Thermal spray; ZnAl},
-	note = {Cited by: 40}
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-@ARTICLE{Perello-Badia20241040,
-	author = {Perello-Badia, D. and Espallargas, N.},
-	title = {SiC-YAG Coating Microstructure Optimization Through Powder Feedstock Manufacturing Process Control},
-	year = {2024},
-	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
-	volume = {33},
-	number = {4},
-	pages = {1040 – 1054},
-	doi = {10.1007/s11666-024-01750-2},
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-	author_keywords = {agglomerated and sintered; silicon carbide; sintered and crushed; thermal spray},
-	note = {Cited by: 0}
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-@ARTICLE{Lima20041163,
-	author = {Lima, R.S. and Marple, B.R.},
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-	author_keywords = {Elastic behavior; Hardness; Microindentation; Plasma spraying; Titania},
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-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Meghwal2020857,
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-	year = {2020},
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-	number = {5},
-	pages = {857 – 893},
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-	author_keywords = {coatings; high-entropy alloys (HEAs); mechanical properties; microstructure; review; thermal spray},
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-@ARTICLE{Chavan20114798,
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-	author_keywords = {Cold spray; Electrical conductivity; Hardness; Porosity; Silver},
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-@ARTICLE{Cho20091100,
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-	author_keywords = {Coating; Friction coefficient; Hardness; HVOF; Laser heating; Porosity; Wear},
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-@ARTICLE{Demirci2021,
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-	author_keywords = {APS; high temperature; MCrAlY coatings; solid particle erosion; surface analysis; thermal spray coatings},
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-	author_keywords = {Adhesion of TS coatings; Hardness and visco-elastic properties; Porosity of coatings},
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-@ARTICLE{Pattnayak20237085,
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-	author_keywords = {Ceramic coating; Hardness; HFFS; PFS},
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-@ARTICLE{Singh2023,
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-	title = {Neural computing and Taguchi’s methodbased study on erosion of advanced Mo2C–WC10Co4Cr coating for the centrifugal pump},
-	year = {2023},
-	journal = {Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies},
-	doi = {10.1080/2374068X.2023.2221884},
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-	author_keywords = {HVOF coatings; neural network; slurry erosion; Taguchi method; thermal spray coatings; Tribology},
-	note = {Cited by: 11}
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-@CONFERENCE{Tillmann2012580,
-	author = {Tillmann, W. and Selvadurai, U. and Luo, W.},
-	title = {Measurement of the young's modulus of thermal spray coatings by means of several methods},
-	year = {2012},
-	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
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-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907083365&partnerID=40&md5=2dadfd99dd3d0c182d71e48c54578a68},
-	note = {Cited by: 0}
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-@CONFERENCE{Antoš2021841,
-	author = {Antoš, Jakub and Duliškovič, Josef and Šulcová, Petra and Lencová, Kateřina},
-	title = {COHESION STRENGHT TEST OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL HVOF COATINGS},
-	year = {2021},
-	journal = {METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings},
-	pages = {841 – 845},
-	doi = {10.37904/metal.2021.4206},
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-	author_keywords = {Cermet coating; Cohesion strength; HVOF; TCT test; Thermal spray coating testing; Thermal spraying; Tubular coating tensile test},
-	note = {Cited by: 1}
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-@ARTICLE{Ang201628,
-	author = {Ang, Andrew Siao Ming and Howse, Hugo and Wade, Scott A. and Berndt, Christopher C.},
-	title = {Development of Processing Windows for HVOF Carbide-Based Coatings},
-	year = {2016},
-	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
-	volume = {25},
-	number = {1-2},
-	pages = {28 – 35},
-	doi = {10.1007/s11666-015-0318-z},
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-	author_keywords = {carbide; cermet coatings; diagnostic techniques; hardness; HVOF; nickel-based; porosity; thermal spray coatings},
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-@CONFERENCE{Laurila2013550,
-	author = {Laurila, J. and Milanti, A. and Niemi, K. and Vuoristo, P.},
-	title = {Abrasion wear and corrosion resistance in chlorine containing conditions of iron based thermal spray coatings},
-	year = {2013},
-	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
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-	note = {Cited by: 0}
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-@ARTICLE{Batra2009284,
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-@ARTICLE{Turunen20053,
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-@ARTICLE{Casteletti2010440,
-	author = {Casteletti, L.C. and Arnoni, E.A.B. and Neto, A. Lombardi and Fernandes, F.A.P. and Totten, G.E.},
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-	author_keywords = {Cermets; Electron microscopy; Optical microscopy; Thermal spray coatings; Three body abrasion},
-	note = {Cited by: 4}
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-@ARTICLE{Sheppard2014194,
-	author = {Sheppard, Panadda and Koiprasert, Hathaipat},
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-	author_keywords = {Cermets; Sliding wear; Thermal spray coatings; Three-body abrasion; Tungsten dissolution},
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-@ARTICLE{La Barbera-Sosa20084552,
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-	pages = {4552 – 4559},
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-	author_keywords = {Elastic modulus; Hardness; HVOF; Ni-base coating; Thermal spraying},
-	note = {Cited by: 27}
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Sunitha2022,
-	author = {Sunitha, K. and Vasudev, Hitesh},
-	title = {Microsrtructural and Mechanical Characterization of HVOF-Sprayed Ni-Based Alloy Coating},
-	year = {2022},
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-}
-
-#+END_SRC
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-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Tillmann2013290,
-	author = {Tillmann, W. and Selvadurai, U. and Luo, W.},
-	title = {Measurement of the Young's modulus of thermal spray coatings by means of several methods},
-	year = {2013},
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-	author_keywords = {bending test; impulse excitation technique; nanoindentation test; nondestructive testing; Young's modulus},
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-}
-
-#+END_SRC
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-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
-@ARTICLE{Tillmann2013250,
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-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
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-}
-
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-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
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-}
-
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-
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-}
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-#+END_SRC
-
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-}
-
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-
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-@ARTICLE{Wang2011301,
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-* TBD
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-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028460040&doi=10.1007%2fBF02648274&partnerID=40&md5=7797cf5d9968cf4dae8025f8a9327b66},
-	author_keywords = {Cohesive strength; erosion behavior; material properties; WC-Co coatings; wear behavior},
-	note = {Cited by: 69}
-}
-
-@ARTICLE{Erickson1999421,
-	author = {Erickson, L.C. and Troczynski, T. and Hawthorne, H.M. and Tai, H. and Ross, D.},
-	title = {Alumina coatings by plasma spraying of monosize sapphire particles},
-	year = {1999},
-	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
-	volume = {8},
-	number = {3},
-	pages = {421 – 426},
-	doi = {10.1361/105996399770350377},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032657925&doi=10.1361%2f105996399770350377&partnerID=40&md5=b35b48715c8be6c9a62d7ed00e20692a},
-	note = {Cited by: 16}
-}
-
-@CONFERENCE{Montavon20011195,
-	author = {Montavon, Ghislain and Coddet, Christian},
-	title = {Modification of Ceramic Thermal Spray Deposit Microstructure Implementing Laser Treatment},
-	year = {2001},
-	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
-	pages = {1195 – 1202},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442279850&partnerID=40&md5=94fd4d42f4bb7ea5e12258cea5a12f3f},
-	note = {Cited by: 5}
-}
-
-@ARTICLE{Elkedim2003707,
-	author = {Elkedim, O. and Malavolta, C.},
-	title = {Corrosion behaviour of nanocrystalline titanium composite coatings},
-	year = {2003},
-	journal = {Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials},
-	volume = {15-16},
-	pages = {707 – 712},
-	doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/JMNM.15-16.707},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644289422&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fJMNM.15-16.707&partnerID=40&md5=0baf31232f5751c9db0d6c3395dd4e7e},
-	author_keywords = {Corrosion; Nanocrystalline; Plasma Spraying; Titanium Nitride},
-	note = {Cited by: 0}
-}
-
-@ARTICLE{Prchlik2001643,
-	author = {Prchlik, L. and Gutleber, J. and Sampath, S.},
-	title = {Deposition and properties of high-velocity-oxygen-fuel and plasma-sprayed Mo-Mo2C composite coatings},
-	year = {2001},
-	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
-	volume = {10},
-	number = {4},
-	pages = {643 – 655},
-	doi = {10.1361/105996301770349178},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035568139&doi=10.1361%2f105996301770349178&partnerID=40&md5=5c3168e51cc3d68e8565e286c1590282},
-	author_keywords = {Abrasion; Decarburization; Friction; HVOF; Mo<sub>2</sub>C; Plasma spraying},
-	note = {Cited by: 13}
-}
-
-@ARTICLE{Hearley2001111,
-	author = {Hearley, J.A. and Liu, C. and Little, J.A. and Sturgeon, A.J.},
-	title = {Corrosion of Ni-Al high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating by fly ash and synthetic biomass ash deposits},
-	year = {2001},
-	journal = {British Corrosion Journal},
-	volume = {36},
-	number = {2},
-	pages = {111 – 120},
-	doi = {10.1179/000705901101501532},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035672485&doi=10.1179%2f000705901101501532&partnerID=40&md5=e111bc18751c526e5e8e3055ad80af50},
-	note = {Cited by: 5}
-}
-
-@CONFERENCE{Wigren20011221,
-	author = {Wigren, Jan and Täng, Kristina},
-	title = {Some Considerations for the Routine Testing of Thermal Sprayed Coatings},
-	year = {2001},
-	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
-	pages = {1221 – 1227},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442304407&partnerID=40&md5=49b96637f910f5e789614f1eab0562df},
-	note = {Cited by: 12}
-}
-
-@CONFERENCE{Scrivani2001141,
-	author = {Scrivani, A. and Ianelli, S. and Groppetti, R. and Bertini, S. and Lacorix, O. and Rizzi, G. and Casadei, F.},
-	title = {A Contribution to the Production and Characterization of HVOF Coatings for Application in the Petrochemical Field},
-	year = {2001},
-	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
-	pages = {141 – 148},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442280092&partnerID=40&md5=ca4c40c746013207132fcc319ee50473},
-	note = {Cited by: 3}
-}
-
-@CONFERENCE{Erickson1998791,
-	author = {Erickson, L.C. and Troczynski, T. and Hawthorne, H.M. and Tai, H. and Ross, D.},
-	title = {Alumina coatings by plasma spraying of monosize sapphire particles},
-	year = {1998},
-	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
-	volume = {1},
-	pages = {791 – 796},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542345523&partnerID=40&md5=7f44aff9c8f8287b6fc0b0906e27f348},
-	note = {Cited by: 9}
-}
-
-@ARTICLE{Mor1996363,
-	author = {Mor, F. and La Vecchia, G.M. and Stehle, D.},
-	title = {High velocity thermal spray coatings: Influence of spray parameters; [Caratterizzazione di riporti thermal spray ottenuti con sistema HVOF al variare dei parametri di processo]},
-	year = {1996},
-	journal = {Metallurgia Italiana},
-	volume = {88},
-	number = {5},
-	pages = {363 – 369},
-	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030141791&partnerID=40&md5=299ec957ccbddc1f65e98055ff656425},
-	note = {Cited by: 3}
-}
-#+END_SRC
+
+
+
+Puerta201315
+
+| Key                  | Sample                | Microhardness | Type          | Porosity |
+| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn_300C            |            58 | HV_0.15       |      2.3 |
+| Shorinov2023         | Al+Al2O3_300C         |            75 | HV_0.15       |      2.1 |
+| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn+Al2O3_300C      |            84 | HV_0.15       |      2.5 |
+| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn_450C            |            65 | HV_0.15       |      2.4 |
+| Shorinov2023         | Al+Al2O3_450C         |            81 | HV_0.15       |      1.7 |
+| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn+Al2O3_450C      |            89 | HV_0.15       |      2.0 |
+| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn_600C            |            50 | HV_0.15       |      4.1 |
+| Shorinov2023         | Al+Al2O3_600C         |            58 | HV_0.15       |      3.5 |
+| Shorinov2023         | Al+Zn+Al2O3_600C      |            37 | HV_0.15       |      5.6 |
+|----------------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+----------|
+| Podchernyaeva2017689 | 65ZrB2_15MoSi2_20NiCr |            15 | GPa - HV_0.5N |      3.6 |
+|----------------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+----------|
+| Cho20093250          | WC-Co                 |          1120 | HV_0.3        |      4.3 |
+|----------------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+----------|
+| Brandolt201710       |                       |               |               |          |
+
+
+@nil
+@nil
+@nil
+[[zotero://select/items/1_895KZHSK][Ahmed, R. “Contact Fatigue Failure Modes of HVOF Coatings.” Wear 253, no. 3–4 (2002): 473–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00163-1.]]
+
+[cite:@ahmedInfluenceCoatingThickness2001]
+
+
+Amokrane2011932
+Koga2017938
+Deesom2016240
+Younes20152394
+bhuiya2015328
+MazaheriTehrani2020
+Costa200929
+Reyes-Mojena2017239
+Thakare2018438
+Nutsch201161
+Rukhande202298
+Singh20214431
+Kumar20221956
+Widjajanto2023
+Kumar20186413
+Singh20232068
+Dangi2022201
+Sundararajan2005377
+Latka2020
+Ganesan2016788
+Sivarajan2021126
+Singh20222172
+
+Puerta201315
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Puerta201315,
+	author = {Puerta, Douglas G.},
+	title = {Thermal spray coating: Characterization and evaluation},
+	year = {2013},
+	journal = {Advanced Materials and Processes},
+	volume = {171},
+	number = {2},
+    doi = {https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2013-02.p015},
+	pages = {15 – 19},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874751339&partnerID=40&md5=c7fe8b634398ffe152647bcd0a1c03d4},
+	note = {Cited by: 3}
+}
+#+END_SRC
+
+Shorinov2023
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Shorinov2023,
+	author = {Shorinov, Oleksandr and Dolmatov, Anatolii and Polyviany, Sergii},
+	title = {The effect of process temperature and powder composition on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of low-pressure cold spraying aluminum-based coatings},
+	year = {2023},
+	journal = {Materials Research Express},
+	volume = {10},
+	number = {2},
+	doi = {10.1088/2053-1591/acb6f0},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147729664&doi=10.1088%2f2053-1591%2facb6f0&partnerID=40&md5=2c24846669b8fb3a3973db6d13a25ef4},
+	author_keywords = {adhesion; coating; metal-ceramic powders; microhardness; porosity},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+Podchernyaeva2017689
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Podchernyaeva2017689,
+	author = {Podchernyaeva, I.A. and Grigoriev, O.N. and Panasyuk, A.D. and Evdokimenko, Yu. I. and Kisel’, V.M. and Yurechko, D.V. and Panashenko, V.M.},
+	title = {High-Temperature ZrB2-Based Coatings on Metallic Alloys Produced by High-Velocity Air-Fuel Thermal Spraying},
+	year = {2017},
+	journal = {Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics},
+	volume = {55},
+	number = {11-12},
+	pages = {689 – 697},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11106-017-9856-x},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018327801&doi=10.1007%2fs11106-017-9856-x&partnerID=40&md5=558274de66ab2179bbabb771676a7ecc},
+	author_keywords = {composition; properties; structure; thermal spray coating; zirconium diboride},
+	note = {Cited by: 3}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+Cho20093250
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Cho20093250,
+	author = {Cho, Tong Yul and Yoon, Jae Hong and Cho, Jae Young and Joo, Yun Kon and Kang, Jin Ho and Zhang, Shihong and Chun, Hui Gon and Hwang, Soon Young and Kwon, Sik Chol},
+	title = {Surface properties and tensile bond strength of HVOF thermal spray coatings of WC-Co powder onto the surface of 420J2 steel and the bond coats of Ni, NiCr, and Ni/NiCr},
+	year = {2009},
+	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
+	volume = {203},
+	number = {20-21},
+	pages = {3250 – 3253},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.04.003},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67349264867&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2009.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=ad1327e82340c98ba5d251630d89e69f},
+	author_keywords = {Adhesion; Bond coat; Fracture location; Hardness},
+	note = {Cited by: 36}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+Brandolt201710
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Brandolt201710,
+	author = {Brandolt, Cristiane de Souza and Noronha, Leandro Câmara and Hidalgo, Gelsa Edith Navarro and Takimi, Antonio Shigueaki and Schroeder, Roberto Moreira and Malfatti, Célia de Fraga},
+	title = {Niobium coating applied by HVOF as protection against hydrogen embrittlement of API 5CT P110 steel},
+	year = {2017},
+	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
+	volume = {322},
+	pages = {10 – 18},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.05.017},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019450365&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2017.05.017&partnerID=40&md5=d5e5514a209ad5ed8a98f18667244b43},
+	author_keywords = {API 5CT P110 steel; HVOF; Hydrogen embrittlement; Niobium; Thermal spray coating},
+	note = {Cited by: 28}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Amokrane2011932,
+	author = {Amokrane, Bradai Mohand and Abdelhamid, Sadeddine and Youcef, Mouadji and Abderrahim, Benabbas and Nedjemeddine, Bounar and Ahmed, Mammeri},
+	title = {Microstructural and mechanical properties of Ni-base thermal spray coatings deposited by flame spraying},
+	year = {2011},
+	journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science},
+	volume = {42},
+	number = {5},
+	pages = {932 – 938},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11663-011-9551-0},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054890285&doi=10.1007%2fs11663-011-9551-0&partnerID=40&md5=720a8d828274ce151648937861575190},
+	note = {Cited by: 9}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Koga2017938,
+	author = {Koga, G.Y. and Schulz, R. and Savoie, S. and Nascimento, A.R.C. and Drolet, Y. and Bolfarini, C. and Kiminami, C.S. and Botta, W.J.},
+	title = {Microstructure and wear behavior of Fe-based amorphous HVOF coatings produced from commercial precursors},
+	year = {2017},
+	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
+	volume = {309},
+	pages = {938 – 944},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.057},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85005847170&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2016.10.057&partnerID=40&md5=87ac69259cbfc83197bdc9508e286a68},
+	author_keywords = {Amorphous alloys; Commercial precursors; Steel; Thermal spray coatings; Wear testing},
+	note = {Cited by: 98}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Deesom2016240,
+	author = {Deesom, D. and Charoenrut, K. and Moonngam, S. and Banjongprasert, C.},
+	title = {Fabrication and properties of NiCr/CNTs nanocomposite coatings prepared by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying},
+	year = {2016},
+	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
+	volume = {306},
+	pages = {240 – 244},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.06.016},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979651407&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2016.06.016&partnerID=40&md5=26742fe0d2940c1d2d3ead2f5e5ae7ef},
+	author_keywords = {Carbon nanotubes; Nanocomposite; Nickel-Chromium; Surface technology; Thermal spray coating},
+	note = {Cited by: 16}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Younes20152394,
+	author = {Younes, Rassim and Bradai, Mohand Amokrane and Sadeddine, Abdelhamid and Mouadji, Youcef and Bilek, Ali and Benabbas, Abderrahim},
+	title = {Microstructural and Tribological Properties of Al2O3-13pctTiO2 Thermal Spray Coatings Deposited by Flame Spraying},
+	year = {2015},
+	journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science},
+	volume = {46},
+	number = {5},
+	pages = {2394 – 2403},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11663-015-0412-0},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942154760&doi=10.1007%2fs11663-015-0412-0&partnerID=40&md5=7cc61af78a2989a2256f1e7bca7bde60},
+	note = {Cited by: 10}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@BOOK{Barbhuiya2015328,
+	author = {Barbhuiya, Salim and Choudhury, Ikbal},
+	title = {Characterization of mechanical properties and the abrasive wear of thermal spray coatings},
+	year = {2015},
+	journal = {Thermal Sprayed Coatings and their Tribological Performances},
+	pages = {328 – 359},
+	doi = {10.4018/978-1-4666-7489-9.ch011},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957104437&doi=10.4018%2f978-1-4666-7489-9.ch011&partnerID=40&md5=ae5793ac1f937a0a65da72d65141ddfd},
+	note = {Cited by: 1}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{MazaheriTehrani2020,
+	author = {Mazaheri Tehrani, Hossein and Shoja-Razavi, Reza and Erfanmanesh, Mohmmad and Hashemi, Sayed Hamid and Barekat, Masoud},
+	title = {Evaluation of the mechanical properties of WC-Ni composite coating on an AISI 321 steel substrate},
+	year = {2020},
+	journal = {Optics and Laser Technology},
+	volume = {127},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106138},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080084800&doi=10.1016%2fj.optlastec.2020.106138&partnerID=40&md5=90db41f938a14e2ef19bd4cb6dd1f115},
+	author_keywords = {Elasticity modulus; Fracture toughness; Laser cladding; Mechanical properties; Nickel electroless plating; WC-Ni},
+	note = {Cited by: 38}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Costa200929,
+	author = {Costa, M.Y.P. and Venditti, M.L.R. and Voorwald, H.J.C. and Cioffi, M.O.H. and Cruz, T.G.},
+	title = {Effect of WC-10%Co-4%Cr coating on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy fatigue strength},
+	year = {2009},
+	journal = {Materials Science and Engineering: A},
+	volume = {507},
+	number = {1-2},
+	pages = {29 – 36},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.msea.2008.11.068},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61749104278&doi=10.1016%2fj.msea.2008.11.068&partnerID=40&md5=c9b16f42ca716f46f5a33d202ed64b6a},
+	author_keywords = {Fatigue; HVOF; Shot peening; Ti-6Al-4V},
+	note = {Cited by: 61}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Reyes-Mojena2017239,
+	author = {Reyes-Mojena, Miguel Ángel and Sánchez-Orozco, Mario and Carvajal-Fals, Hipólito and Sagaró-Zamora, Roberto and Camello-Lima, Carlos Roberto},
+	title = {A comparative study on slurry erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed coatings; [Estudio comparativo del desgaste en mezclas erosivas de recubrimientos depositados por HVOF]},
+	year = {2017},
+	journal = {DYNA (Colombia)},
+	volume = {84},
+	number = {202},
+	pages = {239 – 246},
+	doi = {10.15446/dyna.v84n202.56542},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033800172&doi=10.15446%2fdyna.v84n202.56542&partnerID=40&md5=58dd0affaebab3f12e2b7abfe93590d8},
+	author_keywords = {HVOF; Nanostructured coatings; Slurry erosion; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 9}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Thakare2018438,
+	author = {Thakare, J.G. and Mulik, R.S. and Mahapatra, M.M.},
+	title = {Effect of carbon nanotubes and aluminum oxide on the properties of a plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating},
+	year = {2018},
+	journal = {Ceramics International},
+	volume = {44},
+	number = {1},
+	pages = {438 – 451},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.09.196},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030713541&doi=10.1016%2fj.ceramint.2017.09.196&partnerID=40&md5=ff6dd0b4e57efaa69b02489c8fe12b02},
+	author_keywords = {CNT (D); Corrosion(C); Plasma (A); Porosity (B)},
+	note = {Cited by: 42}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Nutsch201161,
+	author = {Nutsch, Gabriele},
+	title = {Atmospheric induction plasma spraying},
+	year = {2011},
+	journal = {High Temperature Material Processes},
+	volume = {15},
+	number = {1},
+	pages = {61 – 74},
+	doi = {10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v15.i1.80},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862322597&doi=10.1615%2fHighTempMatProc.v15.i1.80&partnerID=40&md5=fe40bed0aa710997c2e9654a8d86677e},
+	author_keywords = {Ceramic coatings; Inductively coupled plasma; Plasma spraying; RF plasma},
+	note = {Cited by: 15}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Rukhande202298,
+	author = {Rukhande, Sanjay W. and Rathod, W.S. and Bhosale, Digvijay},
+	title = {High-temperature tribological investigation of APS and HVOF sprayed NiCrBSiFe coatings on SS 316L},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {Tribology - Materials, Surfaces and Interfaces},
+	volume = {16},
+	number = {2},
+	pages = {98 – 109},
+	doi = {10.1080/17515831.2021.1898887},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104295033&doi=10.1080%2f17515831.2021.1898887&partnerID=40&md5=d997f6d0ca14b20af506365e3103f0e4},
+	author_keywords = {APS; high-temperature sliding wear; HVOF; NiCrBSiFe; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 10}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@CONFERENCE{Singh20214431,
+	author = {Singh, Parvinkal and Kumar, Pardeep},
+	title = {Improvement in surface integrity of thermally sprayed cermet coatings},
+	year = {2021},
+	journal = {Materials Today: Proceedings},
+	volume = {45},
+	pages = {4431 – 4436},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.522},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107438486&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2020.12.522&partnerID=40&md5=085bc625e57feb959ed1027af5265f1e},
+	author_keywords = {Burnishing; Burnishing forces; Micro hardness; Microstructure; Surface roughness},
+	note = {Cited by: 6}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Kumar20221956,
+	author = {Kumar, Himanshu and Bhaduri, Gaurav A and Manikandan, S.G.K. and Kamaraj, M. and Shiva, S.},
+	title = {Microstructural Characterization and Tribological Properties of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed High Entropy Alloy Coatings},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {31},
+	number = {6},
+	pages = {1956 – 1974},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-022-01422-z},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131205542&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-022-01422-z&partnerID=40&md5=644f0ff221d838a7f5a802bec1e27612},
+	author_keywords = {atmospheric plasma spray; high entropy alloy; thermal spray coating; wear; x-ray diffraction},
+	note = {Cited by: 11}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Widjajanto2023,
+	author = {Widjajanto, Teguh and Darmadi, Djarot B. and Irawan, Yudy Surya and Gapsari, Femiana},
+	title = {Comparative microstructure characteristics and properties of arc-sprayed Fe-based and HVOF-sprayed Ni-based coatings on ASME SA 210 C steel tube},
+	year = {2023},
+	journal = {Results in Engineering},
+	volume = {17},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100985},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152002984&doi=10.1016%2fj.rineng.2023.100985&partnerID=40&md5=67c2cb4d8466e7e84a610f76d17f693c},
+	author_keywords = {Arc spray; Fe-based; HVOF; Ni-based; Tube coating},
+	note = {Cited by: 4}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@CONFERENCE{Kumar20186413,
+	author = {Kumar, Hemant and Chittosiya, Chetan and Shukla, V.N.},
+	title = {HVOF Sprayed WC Based Cermet Coating for Mitigation of Cavitation, Erosion & Abrasion in Hydro Turbine Blade},
+	year = {2018},
+	journal = {Materials Today: Proceedings},
+	volume = {5},
+	number = {2},
+	pages = {6413 – 6420},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.253},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045144096&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2017.12.253&partnerID=40&md5=b586188a724ce3c3025340018669117a},
+	author_keywords = {Cavitation; Cermet coating; Slurry eosion},
+	note = {Cited by: 37}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Singh20232068,
+	author = {Singh, Parvinkal and Kumar, Pardeep and Virdi, Roshan Lal},
+	title = {Effect of In-process Cryogenic Cooling in the Burnishing Process on the Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of HVOF Cermet Coating},
+	year = {2023},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {32},
+	number = {7},
+	pages = {2068 – 2080},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-023-01632-z},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165037726&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-023-01632-z&partnerID=40&md5=ab2be791bd0b1259cffdd117a0143e99},
+	author_keywords = {compressive residual stresses; cryogenic burnishing; porosity; solid particle erosion; thermal spray coating},
+	note = {Cited by: 1}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Dangi2022201,
+	author = {Dangi, Sonia and Walia, R.S. and Suri, N.M. and Chaudhary, Sumit},
+	title = {Study of Development of Various Morphological Phases and Its Effects on the Thermal Coated Specimen—A Review},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering},
+	volume = {Part F41},
+	pages = {201 – 213},
+	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-73495-4_14},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85161394918&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-73495-4_14&partnerID=40&md5=b445545571cc120166c8ded76a6149da},
+	author_keywords = {Cracks; Morphology; Porosity; SEM; Thermal spray coating; Tribology},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Sundararajan2005377,
+	author = {Sundararajan, G. and Sen, D. and Sivakumar, G.},
+	title = {The tribological behaviour of detonation sprayed coatings: The importance of coating process parameters},
+	year = {2005},
+	journal = {Wear},
+	volume = {258},
+	number = {1-4 SPEC. ISS.},
+	pages = {377 – 391},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.wear.2004.03.022},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10644269191&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2004.03.022&partnerID=40&md5=ca32acd52160c265e41d852b97995905},
+	author_keywords = {Abrasion; Detonation spray coatings; Erosion; Sliding wear; Thermal spray coatings; Tribology},
+	note = {Cited by: 45}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Latka2020,
+	author = {Łatka, Leszek and Pawłowski, Lech and Winnicki, Marcin and Sokołowski, Pawel and Małachowska, Aleksandra and Kozerski, Stefan},
+	title = {Review of functionally graded thermal sprayed coatings},
+	year = {2020},
+	journal = {Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
+	volume = {10},
+	number = {15},
+	doi = {10.3390/app10155153},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088784874&doi=10.3390%2fapp10155153&partnerID=40&md5=1ae940474b76bafdc6066a9fb6125f46},
+	author_keywords = {Application of thermal spray coatings; Functional graded coatings; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 72}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Ganesan2016788,
+	author = {Ganesan, Amirthan and Takuma, Okada and Yamada, Motohiro and Fukumoto, Masahiro},
+	title = {Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Warm-Sprayed Titanium Coating on Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic},
+	year = {2016},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {25},
+	number = {4},
+	pages = {788 – 796},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-016-0392-x},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959320331&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-016-0392-x&partnerID=40&md5=3d631165d0ad5a0911d87d95b7aa69f8},
+	author_keywords = {adhesion strength; aerospace; interlayer; microhardness; porosity of coating; titanium},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Sivarajan2021126,
+	author = {Sivarajan, S. and Padmanabhan, R. and Stokes, Joseph.T.},
+	title = {Effect of power and scan speed on the melt profile and hardness of laser-treated HVOF thermally sprayed nanostructured WC-12Co mixed with Inconel 625 coatings},
+	year = {2021},
+	journal = {Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies},
+	volume = {7},
+	number = {1},
+	pages = {126 – 135},
+	doi = {10.1080/2374068X.2020.1754742},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083662878&doi=10.1080%2f2374068X.2020.1754742&partnerID=40&md5=60c086b3820c6e65b0de546fa591fcda},
+	author_keywords = {HVOF; laser treatment; power; scan speed; Wear},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Singh20222172,
+	author = {Singh, Parvinkal and Kumar, Pardeep and Virdi, Roshan Lal},
+	title = {Burnishing with Grinding Wheel-Shaped Alloy Tool and Its Effect on Surface Integrity and Erosion Behavior of WC-10Co-4Cr HVOF Coating},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {31},
+	number = {7},
+	pages = {2172 – 2190},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-022-01435-8},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133529107&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-022-01435-8&partnerID=40&md5=f3ff7aaf9a0c7348a06cc3570dd0c170},
+	author_keywords = {burnishing process; cermet coating; erosion; microstructural characterization; thermal spray processing},
+	note = {Cited by: 4}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+* TBD TBD
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Kuruvila20221741,
+	author = {Kuruvila, Roshan and Kumaran, S. Thirumalai and Khan, M. Adam},
+	title = {Solid particle erosion behavior of nichrome coated duplex stainless steel},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration},
+	volume = {9},
+	number = {97},
+	pages = {1741 – 1756},
+	doi = {10.19101/IJATEE.2021.876388},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147030108&doi=10.19101%2fIJATEE.2021.876388&partnerID=40&md5=507f7e0d485ca4d8389befe164a7446f},
+	author_keywords = {Duplex steel; Erosion; Nichrome; Thermal spray coating},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Chun202117476,
+	author = {Chun, Se Min and Park, Sea Mee and Yang, Geon Woo and Shin, Dong Hun and Moon, Heung Soo and Hong, Yong Cheol and Moon, Se Youn},
+	title = {Improvement of the flowability of fine yttrium oxide powders by microwave oxygen plasma and evaluation of the dense coating layer},
+	year = {2021},
+	journal = {Ceramics International},
+	volume = {47},
+	number = {12},
+	pages = {17476 – 17486},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.03.065},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105367907&doi=10.1016%2fj.ceramint.2021.03.065&partnerID=40&md5=be895b7de164bd872038844a1027b4d9},
+	author_keywords = {Dense coating layer; flowability; microwave O<sub>2</sub> plasma; Surface treatment; Yttrium oxide powder},
+	note = {Cited by: 4}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Güney202173,
+	author = {Güney, Bekir},
+	title = {Corrosion and wear behaviour of HVOF spraying WC-12% Ni coating on gray cast-iron},
+	year = {2021},
+	journal = {Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences},
+	volume = {28},
+	number = {1},
+	pages = {73 – 81},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114557906&partnerID=40&md5=fed3b7e322b67b6ff0f3e471681f4849},
+	author_keywords = {Corrosion behaviour; HVOF coating; Microstructure; Thermal spray coating; Wear},
+	note = {Cited by: 8}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Vishnoi20235743,
+	author = {Vishnoi, Mohit and Murtaza, Qasim and Kumar, Paras},
+	title = {Characterization of erbium oxide doped HP-HVOF deposited carbide ceramic coating on martensitic steel},
+	year = {2023},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science},
+	volume = {237},
+	number = {23},
+	pages = {5743 – 5754},
+	doi = {10.1177/09544062231164299},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152281970&doi=10.1177%2f09544062231164299&partnerID=40&md5=6047d09ebae4cb89aa895cae1864c4ca},
+	author_keywords = {erbium oxide; HP-HVOF; rare earth; SS410; Thermal spray coatings; wettability},
+	note = {Cited by: 1}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Yung2019,
+	author = {Yung, Tung-Yuan and Chen, Tai-Cheng and Tsai, Kun-Cao and Lu, Wen-Feng and Huang, Jiunn-Yuan and Liu, Ting-Yu},
+	title = {Thermal spray coatings of Al, ZnAl and Inconel 625 alloys on SS304L for anti-saline corrosion},
+	year = {2019},
+	journal = {Coatings},
+	volume = {9},
+	number = {1},
+	doi = {10.3390/coatings9010032},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060539459&doi=10.3390%2fcoatings9010032&partnerID=40&md5=0b988e5dc855448f301346c7ca1948da},
+	author_keywords = {625 Inconel alloy; Al; Corrosion; SS304L; Thermal spray; ZnAl},
+	note = {Cited by: 40}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Perello-Badia20241040,
+	author = {Perello-Badia, D. and Espallargas, N.},
+	title = {SiC-YAG Coating Microstructure Optimization Through Powder Feedstock Manufacturing Process Control},
+	year = {2024},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {33},
+	number = {4},
+	pages = {1040 – 1054},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-024-01750-2},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188109846&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-024-01750-2&partnerID=40&md5=f68f05466393745f31f387d1a8b92e29},
+	author_keywords = {agglomerated and sintered; silicon carbide; sintered and crushed; thermal spray},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Lima20041163,
+	author = {Lima, R.S. and Marple, B.R.},
+	title = {Near-isotropic air plasma sprayed titania},
+	year = {2004},
+	journal = {Acta Materialia},
+	volume = {52},
+	number = {5},
+	pages = {1163 – 1170},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2003.11.002},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1242351821&doi=10.1016%2fj.actamat.2003.11.002&partnerID=40&md5=a2bbc60182ecb359541682c0690031e2},
+	author_keywords = {Elastic behavior; Hardness; Microindentation; Plasma spraying; Titania},
+	note = {Cited by: 21}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Meghwal2020857,
+	author = {Meghwal, Ashok and Anupam, Ameey and Murty, B.S. and Berndt, Christopher C. and Kottada, Ravi Sankar and Ang, Andrew Siao Ming},
+	title = {Thermal Spray High-Entropy Alloy Coatings: A Review},
+	year = {2020},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {29},
+	number = {5},
+	pages = {857 – 893},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-020-01047-0},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085361541&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-020-01047-0&partnerID=40&md5=30383e4d8ee14a414bfc72e4992d51cf},
+	author_keywords = {coatings; high-entropy alloys (HEAs); mechanical properties; microstructure; review; thermal spray},
+	note = {Cited by: 175}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Chavan20114798,
+	author = {Chavan, Naveen Manhar and Ramakrishna, M. and Phani, P. Sudharshan and Rao, D. Srinivasa and Sundararajan, G.},
+	title = {The influence of process parameters and heat treatment on the properties of cold sprayed silver coatings},
+	year = {2011},
+	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
+	volume = {205},
+	number = {20},
+	pages = {4798 – 4807},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.04.063},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957655739&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2011.04.063&partnerID=40&md5=ab8425a550559673e6d141dd01cf1007},
+	author_keywords = {Cold spray; Electrical conductivity; Hardness; Porosity; Silver},
+	note = {Cited by: 57}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Cho20091100,
+	author = {Cho, Tong-Yul and Yoon, Jae-Hong and Joo, Yun-Kon and Zhang, Shihong and Fang, Wei and Kwon, Sik Chol and Chun, H.G. and Li, Ming-Xi},
+	title = {The effects of HVOF coating of WC-CrC-Ni powder on In718 and of CO 2 laser heat treatment on the coating},
+	year = {2009},
+	journal = {Journal of the Korean Physical Society},
+	volume = {54},
+	number = {3},
+	pages = {1100 – 1103},
+	doi = {10.3938/jkps.54.1100},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-64549089733&doi=10.3938%2fjkps.54.1100&partnerID=40&md5=67446f4837bf88b1018da208b4a768b0},
+	author_keywords = {Coating; Friction coefficient; Hardness; HVOF; Laser heating; Porosity; Wear},
+	note = {Cited by: 9}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Demirci2021,
+	author = {Demirci, Musa and Bagci, Mehmet},
+	title = {High temperature solid particle erosion comparison of atmospheric plasma sprayed MCrAlY coatings},
+	year = {2021},
+	journal = {Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties},
+	volume = {9},
+	number = {3},
+	doi = {10.1088/2051-672X/ac1048},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111159477&doi=10.1088%2f2051-672X%2fac1048&partnerID=40&md5=ff83b53988c7e1055e8c52fe739fc8f2},
+	author_keywords = {APS; high temperature; MCrAlY coatings; solid particle erosion; surface analysis; thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 3}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@CONFERENCE{Tillmann2015718,
+	author = {Tillmann, W. and Luo, W. and Selvadurai, U.},
+	title = {The influence of residual stress on wear resistance of thermal spray coatings},
+	year = {2015},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	volume = {2},
+	pages = {718 – 724},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971265387&partnerID=40&md5=7388eb3173cdffdf9c3ec761f0488484},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Wigren2007533,
+	author = {Wigren, Jan and Täng, Kristina},
+	title = {Quality considerations for the evaluation of thermal spray coatings},
+	year = {2007},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {16},
+	number = {4},
+	pages = {533 – 540},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-007-9054-3},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-37349005510&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-007-9054-3&partnerID=40&md5=10760aec07d147a72a0774fe4943933c},
+	author_keywords = {Adhesion of TS coatings; Hardness and visco-elastic properties; Porosity of coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 8}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Pattnayak20237085,
+	author = {Pattnayak, Abhijit and Gupta, Avi and Abhijith, N.V. and Kumar, Deepak},
+	title = {Hybridized-flow flame spray (HFFS) process for the development of superior ceramic coatings},
+	year = {2023},
+	journal = {Ceramics International},
+	volume = {49},
+	number = {4},
+	pages = {7085 – 7088},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.12.047},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144442274&doi=10.1016%2fj.ceramint.2022.12.047&partnerID=40&md5=5dfe5c9048b5b82ee20e767ae399520e},
+	author_keywords = {Ceramic coating; Hardness; HFFS; PFS},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Singh2023,
+	author = {Singh, Jashanpreet and Singh, Simranjit and Vasudev, Hitesh and Singh Chohan, Jasgurpreet and Kumar, Sandeep},
+	title = {Neural computing and Taguchi’s methodbased study on erosion of advanced Mo2C–WC10Co4Cr coating for the centrifugal pump},
+	year = {2023},
+	journal = {Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies},
+	doi = {10.1080/2374068X.2023.2221884},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85161934217&doi=10.1080%2f2374068X.2023.2221884&partnerID=40&md5=2927ad0d507a4694c21425497004c40b},
+	author_keywords = {HVOF coatings; neural network; slurry erosion; Taguchi method; thermal spray coatings; Tribology},
+	note = {Cited by: 11}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@CONFERENCE{Tillmann2012580,
+	author = {Tillmann, W. and Selvadurai, U. and Luo, W.},
+	title = {Measurement of the young's modulus of thermal spray coatings by means of several methods},
+	year = {2012},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	pages = {580 – 587},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907083365&partnerID=40&md5=2dadfd99dd3d0c182d71e48c54578a68},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@CONFERENCE{Antoš2021841,
+	author = {Antoš, Jakub and Duliškovič, Josef and Šulcová, Petra and Lencová, Kateřina},
+	title = {COHESION STRENGHT TEST OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL HVOF COATINGS},
+	year = {2021},
+	journal = {METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings},
+	pages = {841 – 845},
+	doi = {10.37904/metal.2021.4206},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124349456&doi=10.37904%2fmetal.2021.4206&partnerID=40&md5=491e51e1764213a2c863b0f4bc686137},
+	author_keywords = {Cermet coating; Cohesion strength; HVOF; TCT test; Thermal spray coating testing; Thermal spraying; Tubular coating tensile test},
+	note = {Cited by: 1}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Ang201628,
+	author = {Ang, Andrew Siao Ming and Howse, Hugo and Wade, Scott A. and Berndt, Christopher C.},
+	title = {Development of Processing Windows for HVOF Carbide-Based Coatings},
+	year = {2016},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {25},
+	number = {1-2},
+	pages = {28 – 35},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-015-0318-z},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953637537&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-015-0318-z&partnerID=40&md5=4c1136bc2cefb3d7e0aac9bc734676db},
+	author_keywords = {carbide; cermet coatings; diagnostic techniques; hardness; HVOF; nickel-based; porosity; thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 29}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@CONFERENCE{Laurila2013550,
+	author = {Laurila, J. and Milanti, A. and Niemi, K. and Vuoristo, P.},
+	title = {Abrasion wear and corrosion resistance in chlorine containing conditions of iron based thermal spray coatings},
+	year = {2013},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	pages = {550 – 556},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907077240&partnerID=40&md5=91c5c4f1b111d3831599fd5fea75a1da},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Batra2009284,
+	author = {Batra, U.},
+	title = {Thermal spray coating of abradable Ni based composite},
+	year = {2009},
+	journal = {Surface Engineering},
+	volume = {25},
+	number = {4},
+	pages = {284 – 286},
+	doi = {10.1179/174329407X215087},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67149102556&doi=10.1179%2f174329407X215087&partnerID=40&md5=b2cc56aac4de965bf95fa9339988f1e2},
+	author_keywords = {Abradable; Boron nitride; Coating; Rotor blade; Spray; Thermal},
+	note = {Cited by: 6}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Turunen20053,
+	author = {Turunen, Erja},
+	title = {Diagnostic tools for HVOF process optimization},
+	year = {2005},
+	journal = {VTT Publications},
+	number = {583},
+	pages = {3 – 66},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750243767&partnerID=40&md5=6cb773877d0c1cb35c55d7f6fc4efa19},
+	author_keywords = {Alumina; High velocity oxi-fuels; HVOF; Nanofractions; Process optimizatic diagnostics; Quasicrystals; Single splat studies; Surface coatings; Thermal spraying},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Casteletti2010440,
+	author = {Casteletti, L.C. and Arnoni, E.A.B. and Neto, A. Lombardi and Fernandes, F.A.P. and Totten, G.E.},
+	title = {Effect of binders and surface finish on wear resistance of HVOF coatings},
+	year = {2010},
+	journal = {Surface Engineering},
+	volume = {26},
+	number = {6},
+	pages = {440 – 446},
+	doi = {10.1179/026708410X12593178265706},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955692415&doi=10.1179%2f026708410X12593178265706&partnerID=40&md5=18ec5a52c63da3524db9b703f3d0c93f},
+	author_keywords = {Cermets; Electron microscopy; Optical microscopy; Thermal spray coatings; Three body abrasion},
+	note = {Cited by: 4}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Sheppard2014194,
+	author = {Sheppard, Panadda and Koiprasert, Hathaipat},
+	title = {Effect of W dissolution in NiCrBSi-WC and NiBSi-WC arc sprayed coatings on wear behaviors},
+	year = {2014},
+	journal = {Wear},
+	volume = {317},
+	number = {1-2},
+	pages = {194 – 200},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.wear.2014.06.008},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903138687&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2014.06.008&partnerID=40&md5=9e52e90739da40bca46d3ba6abcdf6be},
+	author_keywords = {Cermets; Sliding wear; Thermal spray coatings; Three-body abrasion; Tungsten dissolution},
+	note = {Cited by: 46}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{La Barbera-Sosa20084552,
+	author = {La Barbera-Sosa, J.G. and Santana, Y.Y. and Staia, M.H. and Chicot, D. and Lesage, J. and Caro, J. and Mesmacque, G. and Puchi-Cabrera, E.S.},
+	title = {Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Ni-base thermal spray coatings deposited by HVOF},
+	year = {2008},
+	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
+	volume = {202},
+	number = {18},
+	pages = {4552 – 4559},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.04.041},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-44349181453&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2008.04.041&partnerID=40&md5=c20da644bc7fd3a97e9a2d921f9e3781},
+	author_keywords = {Elastic modulus; Hardness; HVOF; Ni-base coating; Thermal spraying},
+	note = {Cited by: 27}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Sunitha2022,
+	author = {Sunitha, K. and Vasudev, Hitesh},
+	title = {Microsrtructural and Mechanical Characterization of HVOF-Sprayed Ni-Based Alloy Coating},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science},
+	volume = {10},
+	number = {1},
+	doi = {10.4018/IJSEIMS.298705},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148753545&doi=10.4018%2fIJSEIMS.298705&partnerID=40&md5=07b69f3d816c46d5f07a75aefc3bbd7d},
+	author_keywords = {Alloy-718; HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel); Thermal Spray Coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 10}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Tillmann2013290,
+	author = {Tillmann, W. and Selvadurai, U. and Luo, W.},
+	title = {Measurement of the Young's modulus of thermal spray coatings by means of several methods},
+	year = {2013},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {22},
+	number = {2-3},
+	pages = {290 – 298},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-012-9855-x},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885656237&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-012-9855-x&partnerID=40&md5=b2dd576ddc80fc8928311ebc22242a3a},
+	author_keywords = {bending test; impulse excitation technique; nanoindentation test; nondestructive testing; Young's modulus},
+	note = {Cited by: 18}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Tillmann2013250,
+	author = {Tillmann, W. and Hussong, B. and Priggemeier, T. and Kuhnt, S. and Rudak, N. and Weinert, H.},
+	title = {Influence of parameter variations on WC-Co splat formation in an HVOF process using a new beam-shutter device},
+	year = {2013},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {22},
+	number = {2-3},
+	pages = {250 – 262},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-012-9881-8},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885579748&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-012-9881-8&partnerID=40&md5=68de3f90abfa3c704fc89b7ea57f2ead},
+	author_keywords = {diagnostics; HVOF; porosity of coatings; splat morphology; WC-based cermets; wear resistant coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 19}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Grimm2020,
+	author = {Grimm, Maximilian and Conze, Susan and Berger, Lutz-Michael and Paczkowski, Gerd and Lindner, Thomas and Lampke, Thomas},
+	title = {Microstructure and sliding wear resistance of plasma sprayed Al2O3-Cr2O3-TiO2 ternary coatings from blends of single oxides},
+	year = {2020},
+	journal = {Coatings},
+	volume = {10},
+	number = {1},
+	doi = {10.3390/coatings10010042},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079166450&doi=10.3390%2fcoatings10010042&partnerID=40&md5=eb9570b3e20cbf7d253082b2c1ff9c2c},
+	author_keywords = {Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; atmospheric plasma spraying; Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; Microstructure; Phase transformation; Reactivity; Sliding wear; TiO<sub>2</sub>},
+	note = {Cited by: 18}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Du2007122,
+	author = {Du, Hao and Sun, Chao and Hua, Weigang and Wang, Tiegang and Gong, Jun and Jiang, Xin and Lee, Soo Wohn},
+	title = {Structure, mechanical and sliding wear properties of WC-Co/MoS2-Ni coatings by detonation gun spray},
+	year = {2007},
+	journal = {Materials Science and Engineering: A},
+	volume = {445-446},
+	pages = {122 – 134},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.011},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845885136&doi=10.1016%2fj.msea.2006.09.011&partnerID=40&md5=0b5d8bd1c9c41d01f9982339bf8388c6},
+	author_keywords = {Detonation gun spraying; Mechanical property; Microstructure; Self-lubricating; SRV; WC-Co coating},
+	note = {Cited by: 51}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Ang2014179,
+	author = {Ang, Andrew Siao Ming and Berndt, Christopher C.},
+	title = {A review of testing methods for thermal spray coatings},
+	year = {2014},
+	journal = {International Materials Reviews},
+	volume = {59},
+	number = {4},
+	pages = {179 – 223},
+	doi = {10.1179/1743280414Y.0000000029},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902456642&doi=10.1179%2f1743280414Y.0000000029&partnerID=40&md5=65e861f441362b6ace61167e043781a1},
+	author_keywords = {Anisotropic; Elastic modulus; Fracture toughness; Microhardness; Microstructure-property relationships; Poisson's ratio; Porosity; Residual stress; Tensile adhesion testing; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 146}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@CONFERENCE{Rathod2016167,
+	author = {Rathod, Manoj and Bardapurkar, Rohit and Mohod, Shubham},
+	title = {Laser heating of NiCr-Al2O3 composite coating made on low carbon steel by twin gun thermal spray process},
+	year = {2016},
+	journal = {Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2016, MS and T 2016},
+	volume = {1},
+	pages = {167 – 174},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017237549&partnerID=40&md5=1101f7140515711525da2b5f92028df3},
+	author_keywords = {Composite Coatings; Laser Heating; Twin Gun Thermal Spray Process},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@CONFERENCE{Qin2016627,
+	author = {Qin, Feng and Bao, Tim and He, Liang},
+	title = {An in-situ cooling solution for thermal spray coating process},
+	year = {2016},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	volume = {2},
+	pages = {627 – 629},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034452170&partnerID=40&md5=136aeafbb4582c2c8180a9f6c2c68d93},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Singh2022901,
+	author = {Singh, Sukhjinder and Goyal, Khushdeep and Bhatia, Rakesh},
+	title = {Effect of nano yttria-stabilized zirconia on properties of Ni-20Cr composite coatings},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering},
+	volume = {12},
+	number = {5},
+	pages = {901 – 909},
+	doi = {10.5599/jese.1319},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139864812&doi=10.5599%2fjese.1319&partnerID=40&md5=70a232e768b988fecd7cf7c620d7c3cb},
+	author_keywords = {HVOF; nanocomposites; oxy-fuel; porosity, hardness, microstructure; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 8}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Siva Subramanian20141948,
+	author = {Siva Subramanian, J. and Praveen, A.S. and Sarangan, J. and Suresh, S. and Raghuraman, S.},
+	title = {Microstructure and characterization of thermal sprayed Ni- Cr/Al2O3 coating},
+	year = {2014},
+	journal = {International Journal of ChemTech Research},
+	volume = {6},
+	number = {3},
+	pages = {1948 – 1951},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902192447&partnerID=40&md5=c155bea41f93ed301495068a4aaf9990},
+	author_keywords = {Alumina; Micro-hardness; Nickel; Plasma spray coating; Porosity},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Wang2011301,
+	author = {Wang, Lijun and Chen, Hui and Liu, Yan and Gou, Guoqing and Li, Da},
+	title = {Effects of Cr on microstructure and hardness of HVOF-sprayed WC-Co Coating},
+	year = {2011},
+	journal = {Advanced Materials Research},
+	volume = {317-319},
+	pages = {301 – 306},
+	doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.317-319.301},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053112201&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.317-319.301&partnerID=40&md5=a7e2dca04202cba466aa8ec5f0e82861},
+	author_keywords = {Micro-hardness; Porosity; WC-10co-4Cr coating; WC-12Co coating; X-ray diffraction},
+	note = {Cited by: 6}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Mostajeran2020,
+	author = {Mostajeran, Alireza and Shoja-Razavi, Reza and Hadi, Morteza and Erfanmanesh, Mohammad and Barekat, Masoud and Savaghebi Firouzabadi, M.},
+	title = {Evaluation of the mechanical properties of WC-FeAl composite coating fabricated by laser cladding method},
+	year = {2020},
+	journal = {International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials},
+	volume = {88},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105199},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077943813&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijrmhm.2020.105199&partnerID=40&md5=6d652d6d8c98a25d96aa491b1d5fcf56},
+	author_keywords = {Agglomeration; Laser cladding; Mechanical properties; WC-FeAl},
+	note = {Cited by: 27}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Gupta2012502,
+	author = {Gupta, Gaurav and Mishra, Srimant Kumar and Mantry, Sisir and Satapathy, Alok},
+	title = {Preparation and characterization of thermal spray coating of glass microspheres on metal substrate},
+	year = {2012},
+	journal = {Advanced Materials Research},
+	volume = {585},
+	pages = {502 – 506},
+	doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.585.502},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870591185&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.585.502&partnerID=40&md5=34eb7f1a4ea7c9da7c9c67f064de8efc},
+	author_keywords = {Characterization; Glass micro-spheres; Plasma spray coating; XRD},
+	note = {Cited by: 4}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@ARTICLE{Banjongprasert2011441,
+	author = {Banjongprasert, Chaiyasit and Jaimeewong, Piyaporn and Jiansirisomboon, Sukanda},
+	title = {Investigation of thermal sprayed stainless steel/WC-12wt%Co nanocomposite coatings},
+	year = {2011},
+	journal = {Materials Science Forum},
+	volume = {695},
+	pages = {441 – 444},
+	doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.695.441},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053290001&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fMSF.695.441&partnerID=40&md5=f05046d048f403d6abe96c9ad749c1fd},
+	author_keywords = {Coating; Nanocomposite; Stainless steel; Thermal spray; WC-Co},
+	note = {Cited by: 6}
+}
+
+#+END_SRC
+
+* TBD
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no
+@CONFERENCE{Richter2019,
+	author = {Richter, A. and Berger, L.-M. and Conze, S. and Sohn, Y.J. and Vaßen, R.},
+	title = {Emergence and impact of Al2TiO5 in Al2O3-TiO2 APS coatings},
+	year = {2019},
+	journal = {IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering},
+	volume = {480},
+	number = {1},
+	doi = {10.1088/1757-899X/480/1/012007},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063769363&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f480%2f1%2f012007&partnerID=40&md5=29b39081f698dc336474801c972628ad},
+	note = {Cited by: 13}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Jhansi202285,
+	author = {Jhansi, J. and Santhi, S. and Lakshmi Narayana, P.V.S. and Deogade, Bhomik Ketari},
+	title = {Detonation Gun Spray Coatings on Martensitic Stainless Steels},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering},
+	pages = {85 – 93},
+	doi = {10.1007/978-981-16-4222-7_10},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118103256&doi=10.1007%2f978-981-16-4222-7_10&partnerID=40&md5=22eb91086ff83401ea8879d7dd965735},
+	author_keywords = {Detonation gun spray process; Martensitic stainless steel; Solid particle erosion; Wear-resistant coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Babu20211044,
+	author = {Babu, Abhishek and Perumal, G. and Arora, H.S. and Grewal, H.S.},
+	title = {Enhanced slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of deep cryogenically treated thermal spray coatings for hydroturbine applications},
+	year = {2021},
+	journal = {Renewable Energy},
+	volume = {180},
+	pages = {1044 – 1055},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.006},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114667621&doi=10.1016%2fj.renene.2021.09.006&partnerID=40&md5=645aff65effe8bc90e956cded2bb3b46},
+	author_keywords = {Cavitation erosion; D-gun; Deep cryogenic treatment; Hydroturbine; Slurry erosion},
+	note = {Cited by: 21}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Luo2016321,
+	author = {Luo, W. and Selvadurai, U. and Tillmann, W.},
+	title = {Effect of Residual Stress on the Wear Resistance of Thermal Spray Coatings},
+	year = {2016},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {25},
+	number = {1-2},
+	pages = {321 – 330},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-015-0309-0},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953637318&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-015-0309-0&partnerID=40&md5=44ebeb23cdb33985cc6955a1b1302087},
+	author_keywords = {residual stress; tribology; WC-Co; wear; x-ray diffraction (XRD)},
+	note = {Cited by: 61}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Sugiyama2007784,
+	author = {Sugiyama, Masaharu and Igarashi, Takanori and Fukumoto, Masahiro and Kimura, Hisamichi and Inoue, Akihisa},
+	title = {Formation of Fe-based metallic glass coating films produced by High Velocity Oxy-fuel spraying process and their applications},
+	year = {2007},
+	journal = {Funtai Oyobi Fummatsu Yakin/Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy},
+	volume = {54},
+	number = {11},
+	pages = {784 – 789},
+	doi = {10.2497/jjspm.54.784},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-39049117971&doi=10.2497%2fjjspm.54.784&partnerID=40&md5=6231801535c82a4e86a30d87b501f8b6},
+	author_keywords = {Erosion; High Velocity Oxy-Fuel; Lead-free solder; Metallic glass},
+	note = {Cited by: 4}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Cho200919,
+	author = {Cho, Tong Yul and Yoon, Jae Hong and Song, Ki Oh and Joo, Yun Kon and Cho, Jae Young and Kang, Jin Ho and Zhang, Shihong and Chun, Hui Gon and Kwon, Sik Chul},
+	title = {A study on the properties, friction, wear and adhesion of HVOF thermal spray coating of micron size co-alloy powder},
+	year = {2009},
+	journal = {Advanced Materials Research},
+	volume = {75},
+	pages = {19 – 24},
+	doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.75.19},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-72549094165&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.75.19&partnerID=40&md5=3a8f2db2ab1fb3a7a6ab4bffd71a5548},
+	author_keywords = {Adhesion; Coating; Fracture location; Powder; Wear},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Chun2013381,
+	author = {Chun, Hui Gon and Joo, Yun Kon and Yoon, Jae Hong and Cho, Tong Yul and Fang, Wei and Zhang, Shi Hong},
+	title = {Wear and corrosion resistances of Inconel718, HVOF coating of WC-metal powder and laser heat-treated coating},
+	year = {2013},
+	journal = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
+	volume = {419},
+	pages = {381 – 387},
+	doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.419.381},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886702418&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMM.419.381&partnerID=40&md5=0a77bb534ce4bd8891c6d50e703740bd},
+	author_keywords = {Coating; Corrosion; Hardness; Porosity; Wear},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Černašėjus201936,
+	author = {Černašėjus, Olegas and Jarašūnas, Ovidijus},
+	title = {The Research of Parameters of Flame Spray Coatings Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Wc},
+	year = {2019},
+	journal = {Material and Mechanical Engineering Technology},
+	volume = {2019},
+	number = {1},
+	pages = {36 – 41},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85179717967&partnerID=40&md5=419b24f034cf3a9804adb3b24dec7e08},
+	author_keywords = {characteristics; flame spraying; Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-WC; thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Ang20131170,
+	author = {Ang, Andrew Siao Ming and Sanpo, Noppakun and Sesso, Mitchell L. and Kim, Sun Yung and Berndt, Christopher C.},
+	title = {Thermal spray maps: Material genomics of processing technologies},
+	year = {2013},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {22},
+	number = {7},
+	pages = {1170 – 1183},
+	doi = {10.1007/s11666-013-9970-3},
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+	author_keywords = {adhesion; data mining; elastic modulus; genomic analysis; hardness; property map; sliding wear; spray parameters; thermal spray},
+	note = {Cited by: 38}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Perumal2014101,
+	author = {Perumal, G. and Geetha, M. and Asokamani, R. and Alagumurthi, N.},
+	title = {Wear studies on plasma sprayed Al2O3-40wt% 8YSZ composite ceramic coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy used for biomedical applications},
+	year = {2014},
+	journal = {Wear},
+	volume = {311},
+	number = {1-2},
+	pages = {101 – 113},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.027},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893198117&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2013.12.027&partnerID=40&md5=c08c495f818f3bbaec0805c6d6def7ab},
+	author_keywords = {Joint prostheses; Scratch testing; Sliding wear; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 49}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Aulakh2019100,
+	author = {Aulakh, S.S. and Kaushal, G.},
+	title = {Laser texturing as an alternative to grit blasting for improved coating adhesion on AZ91D magnesium alloy},
+	year = {2019},
+	journal = {Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing},
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+	number = {2},
+	pages = {100 – 108},
+	doi = {10.1080/00202967.2019.1578562},
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+	author_keywords = {adhesion strength; grit blasting; HVOF; Laser texturing; substrate preparation; WC-Co coating},
+	note = {Cited by: 12}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Sidhu2005805,
+	author = {Sidhu, T.S. and Prakash, S. and Agrawal, R.D.},
+	title = {Studies on the properties of high-velocity oxy-fuel thermal spray coatings for higher temperature applications},
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+	volume = {41},
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+	doi = {10.1007/s11003-006-0047-z},
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+
+@CONFERENCE{Gopal2021,
+	author = {Gopal, Shanthosh and Soundararajan, R. and Sakthivel, Vellingiri},
+	title = {Investigation of High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermal spray Coating over Mild Steel Surface as Replacement for Stainless Steel Material},
+	year = {2021},
+	journal = {SAE Technical Papers},
+	volume = {Part 173236},
+	number = {2021},
+	doi = {10.4271/2021-28-0261},
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+
+@ARTICLE{Grewal2013424,
+	author = {Grewal, H.S. and Singh, H. and Agrawal, Anupam},
+	title = {Understanding Liquid Impingement erosion behaviour of nickel-alumina based thermal spray coatings},
+	year = {2013},
+	journal = {Wear},
+	volume = {301},
+	number = {1-2},
+	pages = {424 – 433},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.063},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879150963&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2013.01.063&partnerID=40&md5=d9f7e7024675f5344b97467679595666},
+	author_keywords = {Liquid Impingement erosion; Metal-matrix composites; Power generation; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 23}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Testa2020,
+	author = {Testa, Veronica and Morelli, Stefania and Bolelli, Giovanni and Benedetti, Beatrice and Puddu, Pietro and Sassatelli, Paolo and Lusvarghi, Luca},
+	title = {Alternative metallic matrices for WC-based HVOF coatings},
+	year = {2020},
+	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
+	volume = {402},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126308},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089737824&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2020.126308&partnerID=40&md5=caaac5a6959a10c4ae2ebe3f836ca1fd},
+	author_keywords = {Abrasive wear; Cermets; Critical materials; Electrochemical corrosion; High Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF); Sliding wear},
+	note = {Cited by: 31}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Nurisna2022235,
+	author = {Nurisna, Zuhri and Anggoro, Sotya and Mujtahid, Hidayat Nur},
+	title = {Physical and Mechanical Properties of Twin-Wire Arc Spray and Wire Flame Spray Coating on Carbon Steel Surface},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {Materials Science Forum},
+	volume = {1057 MSF},
+	pages = {235 – 239},
+	doi = {10.4028/p-z698i0},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128809405&doi=10.4028%2fp-z698i0&partnerID=40&md5=2be9dd25dea9d1f0567b010cdfb5f528},
+	author_keywords = {Thermal Spray; Twin wire arc spray; Wire flame spray},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Pascu201677,
+	author = {Pascu, Alexandru and Hulka, Iosif and Tierean, Mircea Horia and Croitoru, Catalin and Stanciu, Elena-Manuela and Roata, Ionut-Claudiu},
+	title = {A comparison of flame coating and laser cladding using Ni based powders},
+	year = {2016},
+	journal = {Solid State Phenomena},
+	volume = {254},
+	pages = {77 – 82},
+	doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.254.77},
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+	author_keywords = {Laser cladding; Metallization; Metco 15E},
+	note = {Cited by: 5}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Rahbar-kelishami201598,
+	author = {Rahbar-kelishami, A. and Abdollah-zadeh, A. and Hadavi, M.M. and Banerji, A. and Alpas, A. and Gerlich, A.P.},
+	title = {Effects of friction stir processing on wear properties of WC-12%Co sprayed on 52100 steel},
+	year = {2015},
+	journal = {Materials and Design},
+	volume = {86},
+	pages = {98 – 104},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.132},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942288053&doi=10.1016%2fj.matdes.2015.06.132&partnerID=40&md5=ac2f56394a396ead3a2db1fcaee34367},
+	author_keywords = {Friction stir processing; Sliding wear; Thermal spray coatings; Wear mechanism; Wear testing},
+	note = {Cited by: 29}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Cho20141479,
+	author = {Cho, Tong Yul and Chun, Hui Gon and Joo, Yoon Kon and Yoon, Jae Hong},
+	title = {A study on HVOF coating of WC-metal powder on super alloy In718 of magnetic bearing shaft material of turbo-blower},
+	year = {2014},
+	journal = {International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing},
+	volume = {15},
+	number = {7},
+	pages = {1479 – 1484},
+	doi = {10.1007/s12541-014-0494-7},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905182359&doi=10.1007%2fs12541-014-0494-7&partnerID=40&md5=b39ac0ae2df31358e91ae290881c8bee},
+	author_keywords = {Coating; Hardness; Powder; Surface; Wear},
+	note = {Cited by: 7}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Meekhanthong2014183,
+	author = {Meekhanthong, K. and Wirojanupatump, S.},
+	title = {Characterization and comparison of thermally sprayed hard coatings as alternative to hard chrome plating},
+	year = {2014},
+	journal = {Advanced Materials Research},
+	volume = {974},
+	pages = {183 – 187},
+	doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.974.183},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904133434&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.974.183&partnerID=40&md5=ccec7f2f8877af3bb8035c191040bd24},
+	author_keywords = {Arc spray; Cored wire; Hard chrome; HVOF; Spray & fuse; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 11}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{Winarto2017,
+	author = {Winarto, Winarto and Sofyan, Nofrijon and Rooscote, Didi},
+	title = {Porosity and wear resistance of flame sprayed tungsten carbide coatings},
+	year = {2017},
+	journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
+	volume = {1855},
+	doi = {10.1063/1.4985482},
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+
+@ARTICLE{Jafarzadeh20101850,
+	author = {Jafarzadeh, K. and Valefi, Z. and Ghavidel, B.},
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+	year = {2010},
+	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
+	volume = {205},
+	number = {7},
+	pages = {1850 – 1855},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.044},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649732186&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2010.08.044&partnerID=40&md5=9cd0937fe25a7810779ed4b194aee728},
+	author_keywords = {Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>; Cavitation erosion; Hardness; Surface analysis; Thermal spray coating},
+	note = {Cited by: 40}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{González2017595,
+	author = {González, M.A. and Rodríguez, E. and Mojardín, E. and Jiménez, O. and Guillen, H. and Ibarra, J.},
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+	year = {2017},
+	journal = {Wear},
+	volume = {376-377},
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+	doi = {10.1016/j.wear.2016.12.061},
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+	author_keywords = {Cermets; Cryogenic heat treatment; Electron microscopy; Solid particle erosion; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 26}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Singh2022819,
+	author = {Singh, Sukhjinder and Goyal, Khushdeep and Bhatia, Rakesh},
+	title = {Mechanical and microstructural properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia reinforced Cr3C2-25NiCr thermal spray coatings on steel alloy},
+	year = {2022},
+	journal = {Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering},
+	volume = {12},
+	number = {5},
+	pages = {819 – 828},
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+	author_keywords = {Boiler steel tube; coatings; composite nanoparticles; hardness; porosity; surface roughness},
+	note = {Cited by: 10}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Ang2016713,
+	author = {Ang, A.S.M. and Howse, H. and Wade, S.A. and Berndt, C.C.},
+	title = {Manufacturing of nickel based cermet coatings by the HVOF process},
+	year = {2016},
+	journal = {Surface Engineering},
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+	number = {10},
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+	author_keywords = {Carbide; Cermet coatings; Diagnostic techniques; Hardness; HVOF; Manufacturing; Nickel based; Porosity; Thermal spray coatings},
+	note = {Cited by: 23}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Lee20102223,
+	author = {Lee, C.W. and Han, J.H. and Yoon, J. and Shin, M.C. and Kwun, S.I.},
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+	year = {2010},
+	journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
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+	pages = {2223 – 2229},
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+	author_keywords = {HVOF; Porosity; Powder mixing; Thermal spray coating; WC-Co-Cr; Wear},
+	note = {Cited by: 101}
+}
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+@CONFERENCE{Sesso2013577,
+	author = {Sesso, M.L. and Berndt, C.C. and Wong, Y.C.},
+	title = {Effect of plasma spray parameters on thermal barrier coating formation and microstructural properties},
+	year = {2013},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
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+	doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/1719/1/012060},
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+	author = {Sauceda, S. and Lascano, S. and Núñez, J. and Parra, C. and Arévalo, C. and Béjar, L.},
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+	year = {2023},
+	journal = {Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal},
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+	author_keywords = {Experimental design; Hard coatings; HVOF; Thermal spray coating},
+	note = {Cited by: 4}
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+
+@ARTICLE{Hassim20192290,
+	author = {Hassim, Mohd Hazwan and Idris, Mohd Hasbullah and Yajid, Muhamad Azizi Mat and Samion, Syahrullail},
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+	year = {2019},
+	journal = {Journal of Materials Research and Technology},
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+	pages = {2290 – 2299},
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+	author_keywords = {Cobalt-chromium alloy; Nanostructure TiO<sub>2</sub>-Ag coating; Surface properties; Thermal spray coating method; Wear performance},
+	note = {Cited by: 16}
+}
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+	author = {Zhu, Jianguo and Ma, Kang},
+	title = {Microstructural and mechanical properties of thermal barrier coating at 1400°C treatment},
+	year = {2014},
+	journal = {Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters},
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+	author_keywords = {Indentation; Mechanical property; Mircrostructure; Thermal spray coating (TBC)},
+	note = {Cited by: 26}
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+@ARTICLE{Wang20231486,
+	author = {Wang, Jiawei and Yang, Zhenlin and Lv, Wenquan and Hu, Hailong and Lv, Zhexin and Chen, Zhichao and Li, Haixin},
+	title = {Research Progress on Performance Optimization Methods and Controlling Mechanisms of HVOF Coatings; [HVOF涂层性能优化方法与调控机理研究进展]},
+	year = {2023},
+	journal = {Mocaxue Xuebao/Tribology},
+	volume = {43},
+	number = {12},
+	pages = {1486 – 1504},
+	doi = {10.16078/j.tribology.2022207},
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+	author_keywords = {high velocity oxygen fuel; post processing treatments; process parameters; wear and corrosion resistance},
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+
+@ARTICLE{Kutschmann2019,
+	author = {Kutschmann, Pia and Lindner, Thomas and Börner, Kristian and Reese, Ulrich and Lampke, Thomas},
+	title = {Effect of adjusted gas nitriding parameters on microstructure and wear resistance of HVOF-sprayed AISI 316L coatings},
+	year = {2019},
+	journal = {Materials},
+	volume = {12},
+	number = {11},
+	doi = {10.3390/ma12111760},
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+	author_keywords = {316L; Expanded austenite; Gas nitriding; Hardening; High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF); S-phase; Stainless steel; Thermal spraying; Thermochemical treatment},
+	note = {Cited by: 16}
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+
+@ARTICLE{Sundararajan201071,
+	author = {Sundararajan, G. and Sivakumar, G. and Sen, D. and Srinivasa Rao, D. and Ravichandra, G.},
+	title = {The tribological behaviour of detonation sprayed TiMo(CN) based cermet coatings},
+	year = {2010},
+	journal = {International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials},
+	volume = {28},
+	number = {1},
+	pages = {71 – 81},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.07.007},
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+	author_keywords = {Abrasion; Cermet coatings; Detonation spray coatings; Erosion; Sliding wear; Thermal spray coatings; Tribology},
+	note = {Cited by: 17}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{Sathwara2015,
+	author = {Sathwara, Nishit and Jariwala, C. and Chauhan, N. and Raole, P.M. and Basa, D.K.},
+	title = {The effect of spraying parameters on micro-structural properties of WC-12%Co coating deposited on copper substrate by HVOF process},
+	year = {2015},
+	journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
+	volume = {1675},
+	doi = {10.1063/1.4929273},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006190195&doi=10.1063%2f1.4929273&partnerID=40&md5=9d6ddc1a0c578d8512756f7d36b6c3a0},
+	author_keywords = {High velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating; Scanning Electron Microscope; Tungsten Carbide-12%Cobalt (WC-12%Co) coating; Vicker's Microhardness; X-ray Diffraction},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}@ARTICLE{Saravanan2001131,
+	author = {Saravanan, P. and Selvarajan, V. and Joshi, S.V. and Sundararajan, G.},
+	title = {Experimental design and performance analysis of alumina coatings deposited by a detonation spray process},
+	year = {2001},
+	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
+	volume = {34},
+	number = {1},
+	pages = {131 – 140},
+	doi = {10.1088/0022-3727/34/1/320},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035125119&doi=10.1088%2f0022-3727%2f34%2f1%2f320&partnerID=40&md5=4cc5cce5078e12e7f4385338302bd562},
+	note = {Cited by: 29}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{Guillemette19981033,
+	author = {Guillemette, R.},
+	title = {The development and implementation of thermal spray coatings for helicopter components},
+	year = {1998},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	volume = {2},
+	pages = {1033 – 1038},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442305980&partnerID=40&md5=368cc780cf9e3b414515e8b969b3fece},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Asl2004427,
+	author = {Asl, Sh. Khameneh and Sohi, M. Heydarzadeh and Hadavi, S.M.M.},
+	title = {The effect of the heat treatment on residual stresses in HVOF sprayed WC-Co coating},
+	year = {2004},
+	journal = {Materials Science Forum},
+	volume = {465-466},
+	pages = {427 – 432},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644229400&partnerID=40&md5=f929060e1a512a5a3a710a28a531dd4a},
+	author_keywords = {Heat Treatment; HVOF; Residual Stress; WC-17Co; XRD},
+	note = {Cited by: 13}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{McGrann2000341,
+	author = {McGrann, R.T.R. and Kim, J. and Shadley, J.R. and Rybicki, E.F. and Ingesten, N.-G.},
+	title = {Characterization of Thermal Spray Coatings Used for Dimensional Restoration},
+	year = {2000},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	pages = {341 – 349},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442353770&partnerID=40&md5=7a06f2812506a9d5273cd9f3b1b4ce32},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Nutsch2002349,
+	author = {Nutsch, Gabriele},
+	title = {Atmospheric induction plasma spraying},
+	year = {2002},
+	journal = {High Temperature Material Processes},
+	volume = {6},
+	number = {3},
+	pages = {349 – 356},
+	doi = {10.1615/hightempmatproc.v6.i3.80},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036958928&doi=10.1615%2fhightempmatproc.v6.i3.80&partnerID=40&md5=03f9368bd01fa1e905955d4192d6a259},
+	author_keywords = {Ceramic coatings; Inductively coupled plasma; Plasma spraying; RF plasma},
+	note = {Cited by: 1}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Schroeder1998325,
+	author = {Schroeder, M.},
+	title = {Machining and mechanical engraving of copper thermal-sprayed coatings},
+	year = {1998},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {7},
+	number = {3},
+	pages = {325 – 327},
+	doi = {10.1361/105996398770350783},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032164696&doi=10.1361%2f105996398770350783&partnerID=40&md5=913efedff814af2fdcfede0e8ba24726},
+	note = {Cited by: 3}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{Lima2003515,
+	author = {Lima, R.S. and Marple, B.R.},
+	title = {Comparative study of HVOF and APS titania coatings},
+	year = {2003},
+	journal = {International Surface Engineering Congress - Proceedings of the 1st Congress},
+	pages = {515 – 519},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1242327881&partnerID=40&md5=70a5f83fcb98e3d08b7e71c53fb05466},
+	note = {Cited by: 2}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{Gold20011105,
+	author = {Gold, M. and Berndt, C.C.},
+	title = {Scratch Testing of nanocrystalline Alumina+13%Titania+Zirconia},
+	year = {2001},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	pages = {1105 – 1110},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442279875&partnerID=40&md5=b2ee599604459631d0867fe53ff90b86},
+	note = {Cited by: 1}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Kim1994169,
+	author = {Kim, H.J. and Kweon, Y.G. and Chang, R.W.},
+	title = {Wear and erosion behavior of plasma-sprayed WC-Co coatings},
+	year = {1994},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {3},
+	number = {2},
+	pages = {169 – 178},
+	doi = {10.1007/BF02648274},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028460040&doi=10.1007%2fBF02648274&partnerID=40&md5=7797cf5d9968cf4dae8025f8a9327b66},
+	author_keywords = {Cohesive strength; erosion behavior; material properties; WC-Co coatings; wear behavior},
+	note = {Cited by: 69}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Erickson1999421,
+	author = {Erickson, L.C. and Troczynski, T. and Hawthorne, H.M. and Tai, H. and Ross, D.},
+	title = {Alumina coatings by plasma spraying of monosize sapphire particles},
+	year = {1999},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {8},
+	number = {3},
+	pages = {421 – 426},
+	doi = {10.1361/105996399770350377},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032657925&doi=10.1361%2f105996399770350377&partnerID=40&md5=b35b48715c8be6c9a62d7ed00e20692a},
+	note = {Cited by: 16}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{Montavon20011195,
+	author = {Montavon, Ghislain and Coddet, Christian},
+	title = {Modification of Ceramic Thermal Spray Deposit Microstructure Implementing Laser Treatment},
+	year = {2001},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	pages = {1195 – 1202},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442279850&partnerID=40&md5=94fd4d42f4bb7ea5e12258cea5a12f3f},
+	note = {Cited by: 5}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Elkedim2003707,
+	author = {Elkedim, O. and Malavolta, C.},
+	title = {Corrosion behaviour of nanocrystalline titanium composite coatings},
+	year = {2003},
+	journal = {Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials},
+	volume = {15-16},
+	pages = {707 – 712},
+	doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/JMNM.15-16.707},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644289422&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fJMNM.15-16.707&partnerID=40&md5=0baf31232f5751c9db0d6c3395dd4e7e},
+	author_keywords = {Corrosion; Nanocrystalline; Plasma Spraying; Titanium Nitride},
+	note = {Cited by: 0}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Prchlik2001643,
+	author = {Prchlik, L. and Gutleber, J. and Sampath, S.},
+	title = {Deposition and properties of high-velocity-oxygen-fuel and plasma-sprayed Mo-Mo2C composite coatings},
+	year = {2001},
+	journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
+	volume = {10},
+	number = {4},
+	pages = {643 – 655},
+	doi = {10.1361/105996301770349178},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035568139&doi=10.1361%2f105996301770349178&partnerID=40&md5=5c3168e51cc3d68e8565e286c1590282},
+	author_keywords = {Abrasion; Decarburization; Friction; HVOF; Mo<sub>2</sub>C; Plasma spraying},
+	note = {Cited by: 13}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Hearley2001111,
+	author = {Hearley, J.A. and Liu, C. and Little, J.A. and Sturgeon, A.J.},
+	title = {Corrosion of Ni-Al high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating by fly ash and synthetic biomass ash deposits},
+	year = {2001},
+	journal = {British Corrosion Journal},
+	volume = {36},
+	number = {2},
+	pages = {111 – 120},
+	doi = {10.1179/000705901101501532},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035672485&doi=10.1179%2f000705901101501532&partnerID=40&md5=e111bc18751c526e5e8e3055ad80af50},
+	note = {Cited by: 5}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{Wigren20011221,
+	author = {Wigren, Jan and Täng, Kristina},
+	title = {Some Considerations for the Routine Testing of Thermal Sprayed Coatings},
+	year = {2001},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	pages = {1221 – 1227},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442304407&partnerID=40&md5=49b96637f910f5e789614f1eab0562df},
+	note = {Cited by: 12}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{Scrivani2001141,
+	author = {Scrivani, A. and Ianelli, S. and Groppetti, R. and Bertini, S. and Lacorix, O. and Rizzi, G. and Casadei, F.},
+	title = {A Contribution to the Production and Characterization of HVOF Coatings for Application in the Petrochemical Field},
+	year = {2001},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	pages = {141 – 148},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442280092&partnerID=40&md5=ca4c40c746013207132fcc319ee50473},
+	note = {Cited by: 3}
+}
+
+@CONFERENCE{Erickson1998791,
+	author = {Erickson, L.C. and Troczynski, T. and Hawthorne, H.M. and Tai, H. and Ross, D.},
+	title = {Alumina coatings by plasma spraying of monosize sapphire particles},
+	year = {1998},
+	journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference},
+	volume = {1},
+	pages = {791 – 796},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542345523&partnerID=40&md5=7f44aff9c8f8287b6fc0b0906e27f348},
+	note = {Cited by: 9}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Mor1996363,
+	author = {Mor, F. and La Vecchia, G.M. and Stehle, D.},
+	title = {High velocity thermal spray coatings: Influence of spray parameters; [Caratterizzazione di riporti thermal spray ottenuti con sistema HVOF al variare dei parametri di processo]},
+	year = {1996},
+	journal = {Metallurgia Italiana},
+	volume = {88},
+	number = {5},
+	pages = {363 – 369},
+	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030141791&partnerID=40&md5=299ec957ccbddc1f65e98055ff656425},
+	note = {Cited by: 3}
+}
+#+END_SRC
diff --git a/metallurgy.org b/metallurgy.org
index 00b81ec..f23ff1d 100644
--- a/metallurgy.org
+++ b/metallurgy.org
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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diff --git a/piezo/piezo.org b/piezo/piezo.org
index 1d1d280..51aeb4b 100644
--- a/piezo/piezo.org
+++ b/piezo/piezo.org
@@ -1,149 +1,149 @@
-#+TITLE: Piezo
-
-Use the below to create your own sonotrode
-https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=14002
-
-No, like seriously, if you combine this with a frequency generator and a waveform aplifier capacable to handling high frequency loads, you'd have a academic weapon.
-
-
-
-
-Music acoustics
-https://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/basics.html
-
-https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/dB.htm
-
-https://sengpielaudio.com/calculator-leveladding.htm
-
-The ‘piezoelectric effect’ describes a phenomenon exhibited by a few crystalline materials in which they produce an electrical charge when subjected to mechanical stress, i.e. squeezed. The sign of the resulting voltage changes if compression crosses over to tension. For historical reasons this is referred to as ‘the direct piezoelectric effect’.   The phenomenon is reversible. For these same materials, forcing a charge onto their surface via applied voltage will cause them to mechanically expand or contract. This is referred to as ‘the converse piezoelectric effect’.   As with the direct effect, the direction of crystal distortion (i.e. expansion or contraction) will follow the plus or minus sign of the applied voltage.
-
-The converse piezoelectric effect is what makes power ultrasonic devices possible.   While natural crystals exhibit piezoelectricy, quartz being the prime example, artificial crystals can exhibit much higher electromechanical conversion effectiveness and are exclusively used for the power ultrasonics we will discuss. Lead zirconate titanate compounds in ceramic form are by far the most commonly use for devices currently in use.
-
-An AC voltage applied to a piezoelectric crystal will cause it to expand and contract in response. The expansion and contraction can create sound pressure waves or otherwise act on adjacent media. For practical use, piezoelectric crystals are bolted, bonded, soldered, or otherwise incorporated into composite ultrasonic transducers with the right geometry to convert the applied AC voltage into useful vibrational energy.
-
-Piezo-driven ultrasonics have low power and high-power applications. Examples of low power applications include medical devices for imaging internal organs or structures such as heart valves and fetuses and clock signal generators in electronic instrumentation. We will focus on the high-power application including sonar, flow metering, underwater communications, ultrasonic drills, ultrasonic cleaners, friction welding, cutting blades, dental scalers, and fluid atomization.
-
-
-* Langevin transducer
-
-An ultrasonic transducer where one or more piezoelectric elements are mechanically compressed (prestressed) between end masses (i.e., a front driver and a back driver).
-
-
-The term “ Langevin transducer” now describes any piezoelectric-driven longitudinal resonator based on sandwiching piezoelectric materials between two plates secured by a center bolt. Figure 3 shows a modern Langevin ultrasonic transducer. The components of the transducer perform the following functions:
-
-    The transducer has two layers of piezoelectric discs. Use of two piezoelectric discs allows the outer metal cylinders to be at ground potential which protects personnel from shock hazards and minimizes the risk of a short circuit. The discs are placed such that their polarities are opposite to each other; and that allows applying high voltage only to a single location, a center conductor that is sandwiched between the two piezoelectric discs.
-    The bolt provides precompression on the piezoelectric discs. Piezoelectric materials can fracture easily from tensile stresses of around 2,000 psi, but their compression strength can withstand a five times greater pressure of 10,000 psi. The bolt bias the discs into their compression region. Thus, when the discs vibrate, their motion is from full compression to a small amount of compression and they never see destructive tension. The Animation in Figure 4 illustrates the motion of the transducer.
-    The end plates distribute the point force of the bolt over the entire piezo surface so that the both the static and dynamic compressions in the piezo material are uniform through its volume.
-
-
-
-#+CAPTION: Example of simple Langevin transducer (Berlincourt (3), p. 249)
-[[attachment:_20240323_194235screenshot.png]]
-
-
-* Horn design
-
-Horn Designs
-
-Because the only real rule for horn design is conservation of momentum, there are a huge variety of horn shapes and horn tips. Examples of the myriad styles of horn shapes with different tips are shown in Figure 6. The far-right horn, for example, is an assembly of multiple horns attached to one transducer. Each shape has a unique purpose. Each design converts the vibration at the face of the Langevin engine to a vibration on the face of the tip of the horn. The geometrical design of the horn tip provides a cross sectional shape and motion designed to accomplish a specific task.
-
-
-
-* Tornplitz
-
-By itself, the Langevin transducer creates mechanical motion. The transducer has plenty of power, but by itself does not lend itself to producing useful work. In Part 2, I introduced a transmission mechanism, the horn, which attaches to the Langevin piezoelectric transducer, the acoustic engine. The horn directs and amplifies the mechanical motion generated by the Langevin transducer allowing its energy to be delivered to the tip of the horn in a high velocity regime suitable for friction welding, cutting, and scaling among other applications. You could think of the horn as an acoustic lever.
-
-In this final part, I will present a second transmission method, Tonpilz transmission technology. In contrast to the horn that leverages the Langevin’s energy into a high vibrational velocity tip for mechanical work, the Tonpilz transmission scheme is aimed at getting 100% of the Langevin’s output into broadcasting acoustic waves from one end and 0% off the other. This makes the Tonpilz type transducer ideal for energy efficient high intensity ultrasound sources.
-Applications Using the Tonpilz Transmission
-
-One application in which the Tonpilz transducer-transmission assembly excels is its use in an ultrasonic cleaner. Some ultrasonic cleaners have piezoelectric discs glued permanently to the bottom of the tank. That construct works fine until a piezoelectric disc breaks. Replacement involves a time-consuming effort to chip off the broken disc, cleaning down to the metal, and bonding a new disc into place. Installing a new disc involves faith that another disc may not break soon so the whole process would have to be repeated. Fortunately, there is a better solution. The solution is the construction of ultrasonic cleaners with modular, replaceable piezoelectric elements which can be bolted and unbolted from the assembly. Figure 5 shows an ultrasonic cleaner module and a cross-sectional view of an assembly having two piezoelectric discs, the bolt, the heavy metal back end and the lighter metal, most likely aluminum, head. This is bolted to the bottom of the cleaner tank.
-
-
-
-* Practical stuff
-
-https://blog.piezo.com/how-to-safely-solder-joints-onto-piezo-transducers
-
-
-
-
-* Thorlabs
-
-Introduction
-
-In this tutorial we will look at some of the basics of piezoelectronic device structure and operation. These devices utilize piezoelectricity, a phenomenon in which electricity is created from pressure on the device. Piezoelectrics either produce a voltage in response to mechanical stress (known as direct mode) or a physical displacement as a result of an applied electrical field (known as indirect mode). Due to these modes, piezoelectric materials have found considerable use in both sensors and actuators and are often called “smart” or “intelligent” materials. One material in particular, lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT), has found prolific use for piezoelectric devices. Consequently, PZT is the ceramic material that makes up the bulk of piezoelectric actuator devices available on the market. It is not only piezoelectric but also pyroelectric and ferroelectric. PZT devices are capable of driving precision articulation of mechanical devices (such as a mirror mount or translating stage) due to the piezoelectric effect, which can be described through a set of coupled equations known as strain-charge (essentially coupling the electric field equations with the strain tensor of Hooke’s law):
-
-
-
-$$ D_i = e^{\sigma}_{ij} d^{d}_{im}\sigma_m $$
-
-$$ \epsilon_k = d^{c}_{jk} + s^{E}_{km} \sigma_m $$
-
-Here D is the electric displacement vector, ε is the strain vector, E is the applied electric field vector, σm is the stress vector, eσij is the dielectric permittivity, ddim & dcjk are the piezoelectric coefficients, and sEkm is the elastic compliance (the inverse of stiffness). The specific matrix elements are used to calculate the useful measures of PZT functionality, though the full derivation of these equations is beyond the scope of this tutorial.
-
-
-
-* Piezo Symbol Definitions
-
-|--------+-------------+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------|
-| Symbol | Object Type | Size  | Units           | Meaning                                                     |
-|--------+-------------+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------|
-| T      | vector      | 6 x 1 | $\frac{N}{m^2}$ | stress components (e.g. s1)                                 |
-| S      | vector      | 6 x 1 | $\frac{m}{m}$   | strain components (e.g. e3)                                 |
-| E      | vector      | 3 x 1 | $\frac{N}{C}$   | electric field components                                   |
-| D      | vector      | 3 x 1 | $\frac{C}{m^2}$ | electric charge density displacement components             |
-| s      | matrix      | 6 x 6 | $\frac{m^2}{N}$ | compliance coefficients                                     |
-| c      | matrix      | 6 x 6 | $\frac{N}{m^2}$ | stiffness coefficients                                      |
-| \epsilon      | matrix      | 3 x 3 | $\frac{F}{m}$   | electric permittivity                                       |
-| d      | matrix      | 3 x 6 | $\frac{C}{N}$   | piezoelectric coupling coefficients for Strain-Charge form  |
-| e      | matrix      | 3 x 6 | $\frac{C}{m^2}$ | piezoelectric coupling coefficients for Stress-Charge form  |
-| g      | matrix      | 3 x 6 | $\frac{m^2}{C}$ | piezoelectric coupling coefficients for Strain-Voltage form |
-| q      | matrix      | 3 x 6 | $\frac{N}{C}$   | piezoelectric coupling coefficients for Stress-Voltage form |
-|--------+-------------+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------|
-
-
-* Hooke's Law and Dielectrics
-What is a constitutive equation? For mechanical problems, a constitutive equation describes how a material strains when it is stressed, or vice-versa. Constitutive equations exist also for electrical problems; they describe how charge moves in a (dielectric) material when it is subjected to a voltage, or vice-versa.
-
-Engineers are already familiar with the most common mechanical constitutive equation that applies for everyday metals and plastics. This equation is known as Hooke's Law and is written as:
-
-$$ S = s . T $$
-
-In words, this equation states: Strain = Compliance × Stress.
-
-However, since piezoelectric materials are concerned with electrical properties too, we must also consider the constitutive equation for common dielectrics:
-$$ D = \epsilon . E $$
-In words, this equation states: ChargeDensity = Permittivity × ElectricField.
-
-
-* Coupled Equation
-Piezoelectric materials combine these two seemingly dissimilar constitutive equations into one coupled equation, written as:
-$$ S = s_E . T + d^t . E $$
-$$ D = d . T + \epsilon_T . E $$
-The piezoelectric coupling terms are in the matrix d.
-
-In order to describe or model piezoelectric materials, one must have knowledge about the material's mechanical properties (compliance or stiffness), its electrical properties (permittivity), and its piezoelectric coupling properties.
-The subscripts in piezoelectric constitutive equations have very important meanings. They describe the conditions under which the material property data was measured. For example, the subscript E on the compliance matrix sE means that the compliance data was measured under at least a constant, and preferably a zero, electric field. Likewise, the subscript T on the permittivity matrix eT means that the permittivity data was measured under at least a constant, and preferably a zero, stress field.
-
-
-
-* Material Selection
-Select from the following list of piezoelectric materials to view their constitutive property data. The data is presented in constitutive matrix form.
-Insulators
-Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate
-Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate
-Barium Sodium Niobate
-Barium Titanate
-Barium Titanate (poled)
-Lithium Niobate
-Lithium Tantalate 	Lead Zirconate Titanate:
-PZT-2, PZT-4, PZT-4D, PZT-5A, PZT-5H, PZT-5J, PZT-7A, PZT-8
-
-Quartz
-Rochelle Salt
-Bismuth Germanate
-Semiconductors
-Cadmium Sulfide
-Gallium Arsenide
-Tellurium Dioxide 	Zinc Oxide
-Zinc Sulfide
+#+TITLE: Piezo
+
+Use the below to create your own sonotrode
+https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=14002
+
+No, like seriously, if you combine this with a frequency generator and a waveform aplifier capacable to handling high frequency loads, you'd have a academic weapon.
+
+
+
+
+Music acoustics
+https://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/basics.html
+
+https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/dB.htm
+
+https://sengpielaudio.com/calculator-leveladding.htm
+
+The ‘piezoelectric effect’ describes a phenomenon exhibited by a few crystalline materials in which they produce an electrical charge when subjected to mechanical stress, i.e. squeezed. The sign of the resulting voltage changes if compression crosses over to tension. For historical reasons this is referred to as ‘the direct piezoelectric effect’.   The phenomenon is reversible. For these same materials, forcing a charge onto their surface via applied voltage will cause them to mechanically expand or contract. This is referred to as ‘the converse piezoelectric effect’.   As with the direct effect, the direction of crystal distortion (i.e. expansion or contraction) will follow the plus or minus sign of the applied voltage.
+
+The converse piezoelectric effect is what makes power ultrasonic devices possible.   While natural crystals exhibit piezoelectricy, quartz being the prime example, artificial crystals can exhibit much higher electromechanical conversion effectiveness and are exclusively used for the power ultrasonics we will discuss. Lead zirconate titanate compounds in ceramic form are by far the most commonly use for devices currently in use.
+
+An AC voltage applied to a piezoelectric crystal will cause it to expand and contract in response. The expansion and contraction can create sound pressure waves or otherwise act on adjacent media. For practical use, piezoelectric crystals are bolted, bonded, soldered, or otherwise incorporated into composite ultrasonic transducers with the right geometry to convert the applied AC voltage into useful vibrational energy.
+
+Piezo-driven ultrasonics have low power and high-power applications. Examples of low power applications include medical devices for imaging internal organs or structures such as heart valves and fetuses and clock signal generators in electronic instrumentation. We will focus on the high-power application including sonar, flow metering, underwater communications, ultrasonic drills, ultrasonic cleaners, friction welding, cutting blades, dental scalers, and fluid atomization.
+
+
+* Langevin transducer
+
+An ultrasonic transducer where one or more piezoelectric elements are mechanically compressed (prestressed) between end masses (i.e., a front driver and a back driver).
+
+
+The term “ Langevin transducer” now describes any piezoelectric-driven longitudinal resonator based on sandwiching piezoelectric materials between two plates secured by a center bolt. Figure 3 shows a modern Langevin ultrasonic transducer. The components of the transducer perform the following functions:
+
+    The transducer has two layers of piezoelectric discs. Use of two piezoelectric discs allows the outer metal cylinders to be at ground potential which protects personnel from shock hazards and minimizes the risk of a short circuit. The discs are placed such that their polarities are opposite to each other; and that allows applying high voltage only to a single location, a center conductor that is sandwiched between the two piezoelectric discs.
+    The bolt provides precompression on the piezoelectric discs. Piezoelectric materials can fracture easily from tensile stresses of around 2,000 psi, but their compression strength can withstand a five times greater pressure of 10,000 psi. The bolt bias the discs into their compression region. Thus, when the discs vibrate, their motion is from full compression to a small amount of compression and they never see destructive tension. The Animation in Figure 4 illustrates the motion of the transducer.
+    The end plates distribute the point force of the bolt over the entire piezo surface so that the both the static and dynamic compressions in the piezo material are uniform through its volume.
+
+
+
+#+CAPTION: Example of simple Langevin transducer (Berlincourt (3), p. 249)
+[[attachment:_20240323_194235screenshot.png]]
+
+
+* Horn design
+
+Horn Designs
+
+Because the only real rule for horn design is conservation of momentum, there are a huge variety of horn shapes and horn tips. Examples of the myriad styles of horn shapes with different tips are shown in Figure 6. The far-right horn, for example, is an assembly of multiple horns attached to one transducer. Each shape has a unique purpose. Each design converts the vibration at the face of the Langevin engine to a vibration on the face of the tip of the horn. The geometrical design of the horn tip provides a cross sectional shape and motion designed to accomplish a specific task.
+
+
+
+* Tornplitz
+
+By itself, the Langevin transducer creates mechanical motion. The transducer has plenty of power, but by itself does not lend itself to producing useful work. In Part 2, I introduced a transmission mechanism, the horn, which attaches to the Langevin piezoelectric transducer, the acoustic engine. The horn directs and amplifies the mechanical motion generated by the Langevin transducer allowing its energy to be delivered to the tip of the horn in a high velocity regime suitable for friction welding, cutting, and scaling among other applications. You could think of the horn as an acoustic lever.
+
+In this final part, I will present a second transmission method, Tonpilz transmission technology. In contrast to the horn that leverages the Langevin’s energy into a high vibrational velocity tip for mechanical work, the Tonpilz transmission scheme is aimed at getting 100% of the Langevin’s output into broadcasting acoustic waves from one end and 0% off the other. This makes the Tonpilz type transducer ideal for energy efficient high intensity ultrasound sources.
+Applications Using the Tonpilz Transmission
+
+One application in which the Tonpilz transducer-transmission assembly excels is its use in an ultrasonic cleaner. Some ultrasonic cleaners have piezoelectric discs glued permanently to the bottom of the tank. That construct works fine until a piezoelectric disc breaks. Replacement involves a time-consuming effort to chip off the broken disc, cleaning down to the metal, and bonding a new disc into place. Installing a new disc involves faith that another disc may not break soon so the whole process would have to be repeated. Fortunately, there is a better solution. The solution is the construction of ultrasonic cleaners with modular, replaceable piezoelectric elements which can be bolted and unbolted from the assembly. Figure 5 shows an ultrasonic cleaner module and a cross-sectional view of an assembly having two piezoelectric discs, the bolt, the heavy metal back end and the lighter metal, most likely aluminum, head. This is bolted to the bottom of the cleaner tank.
+
+
+
+* Practical stuff
+
+https://blog.piezo.com/how-to-safely-solder-joints-onto-piezo-transducers
+
+
+
+
+* Thorlabs
+
+Introduction
+
+In this tutorial we will look at some of the basics of piezoelectronic device structure and operation. These devices utilize piezoelectricity, a phenomenon in which electricity is created from pressure on the device. Piezoelectrics either produce a voltage in response to mechanical stress (known as direct mode) or a physical displacement as a result of an applied electrical field (known as indirect mode). Due to these modes, piezoelectric materials have found considerable use in both sensors and actuators and are often called “smart” or “intelligent” materials. One material in particular, lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT), has found prolific use for piezoelectric devices. Consequently, PZT is the ceramic material that makes up the bulk of piezoelectric actuator devices available on the market. It is not only piezoelectric but also pyroelectric and ferroelectric. PZT devices are capable of driving precision articulation of mechanical devices (such as a mirror mount or translating stage) due to the piezoelectric effect, which can be described through a set of coupled equations known as strain-charge (essentially coupling the electric field equations with the strain tensor of Hooke’s law):
+
+
+
+$$ D_i = e^{\sigma}_{ij} d^{d}_{im}\sigma_m $$
+
+$$ \epsilon_k = d^{c}_{jk} + s^{E}_{km} \sigma_m $$
+
+Here D is the electric displacement vector, ε is the strain vector, E is the applied electric field vector, σm is the stress vector, eσij is the dielectric permittivity, ddim & dcjk are the piezoelectric coefficients, and sEkm is the elastic compliance (the inverse of stiffness). The specific matrix elements are used to calculate the useful measures of PZT functionality, though the full derivation of these equations is beyond the scope of this tutorial.
+
+
+
+* Piezo Symbol Definitions
+
+|--------+-------------+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------|
+| Symbol | Object Type | Size  | Units           | Meaning                                                     |
+|--------+-------------+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------|
+| T      | vector      | 6 x 1 | $\frac{N}{m^2}$ | stress components (e.g. s1)                                 |
+| S      | vector      | 6 x 1 | $\frac{m}{m}$   | strain components (e.g. e3)                                 |
+| E      | vector      | 3 x 1 | $\frac{N}{C}$   | electric field components                                   |
+| D      | vector      | 3 x 1 | $\frac{C}{m^2}$ | electric charge density displacement components             |
+| s      | matrix      | 6 x 6 | $\frac{m^2}{N}$ | compliance coefficients                                     |
+| c      | matrix      | 6 x 6 | $\frac{N}{m^2}$ | stiffness coefficients                                      |
+| \epsilon      | matrix      | 3 x 3 | $\frac{F}{m}$   | electric permittivity                                       |
+| d      | matrix      | 3 x 6 | $\frac{C}{N}$   | piezoelectric coupling coefficients for Strain-Charge form  |
+| e      | matrix      | 3 x 6 | $\frac{C}{m^2}$ | piezoelectric coupling coefficients for Stress-Charge form  |
+| g      | matrix      | 3 x 6 | $\frac{m^2}{C}$ | piezoelectric coupling coefficients for Strain-Voltage form |
+| q      | matrix      | 3 x 6 | $\frac{N}{C}$   | piezoelectric coupling coefficients for Stress-Voltage form |
+|--------+-------------+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------|
+
+
+* Hooke's Law and Dielectrics
+What is a constitutive equation? For mechanical problems, a constitutive equation describes how a material strains when it is stressed, or vice-versa. Constitutive equations exist also for electrical problems; they describe how charge moves in a (dielectric) material when it is subjected to a voltage, or vice-versa.
+
+Engineers are already familiar with the most common mechanical constitutive equation that applies for everyday metals and plastics. This equation is known as Hooke's Law and is written as:
+
+$$ S = s . T $$
+
+In words, this equation states: Strain = Compliance × Stress.
+
+However, since piezoelectric materials are concerned with electrical properties too, we must also consider the constitutive equation for common dielectrics:
+$$ D = \epsilon . E $$
+In words, this equation states: ChargeDensity = Permittivity × ElectricField.
+
+
+* Coupled Equation
+Piezoelectric materials combine these two seemingly dissimilar constitutive equations into one coupled equation, written as:
+$$ S = s_E . T + d^t . E $$
+$$ D = d . T + \epsilon_T . E $$
+The piezoelectric coupling terms are in the matrix d.
+
+In order to describe or model piezoelectric materials, one must have knowledge about the material's mechanical properties (compliance or stiffness), its electrical properties (permittivity), and its piezoelectric coupling properties.
+The subscripts in piezoelectric constitutive equations have very important meanings. They describe the conditions under which the material property data was measured. For example, the subscript E on the compliance matrix sE means that the compliance data was measured under at least a constant, and preferably a zero, electric field. Likewise, the subscript T on the permittivity matrix eT means that the permittivity data was measured under at least a constant, and preferably a zero, stress field.
+
+
+
+* Material Selection
+Select from the following list of piezoelectric materials to view their constitutive property data. The data is presented in constitutive matrix form.
+Insulators
+Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate
+Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate
+Barium Sodium Niobate
+Barium Titanate
+Barium Titanate (poled)
+Lithium Niobate
+Lithium Tantalate 	Lead Zirconate Titanate:
+PZT-2, PZT-4, PZT-4D, PZT-5A, PZT-5H, PZT-5J, PZT-7A, PZT-8
+
+Quartz
+Rochelle Salt
+Bismuth Germanate
+Semiconductors
+Cadmium Sulfide
+Gallium Arsenide
+Tellurium Dioxide 	Zinc Oxide
+Zinc Sulfide
diff --git a/porosity/porosity.org b/porosity/porosity.org
index 350edef..34d0961 100644
--- a/porosity/porosity.org
+++ b/porosity/porosity.org
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
-
-* Porosity in Thermal Spray Coatings
-
-
-Thermal spray coatings are susceptible to the formation of porosity due to a lack of fusion between sprayed particles or the expansion of gases generated during the spray process. The determination of area percent porosity is important to monitor the effect of variable spray parameters and the suitability of a coating for its intended purpose.
-
-
-ASTM E 2109 Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in
-Thermal Sprayed Coatings
-These test methods cover the determination of the area percentage porosity of thermal sprayed coatings. Method A is a manual, direct comparison method using seven standard images shown on figures in the standard. These figures depict typical distributions of porosity in thermal spray coatings. Method B is an automated technique requiring the use of a computerized image analyzer. The methods quantify area percentage porosity only on the basis of light reflectivity from a metallo-
-
-
-
-
-
-* Coating Thickness
-ASTM B 487 - Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section
-
-This test method covers measurement of the local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the microscopical examination of cross sections using an optical microscope.
-Under good conditions, when using an optical microscope, the method is capable of giving an absolute measuring accuracy of 0.8 um.
-
-The measuring device may be a screw (Filar) micrometre ocular or a micrometre eyepiece. An image splitting eyepiece is advantageous for thin coatings on rough substrate layers. The measuring device shall be calibrated at least once before and once after the measurement using a stage micrometre. The magnification should be chosen
-so that the field of view is between 1.5 and 3 the coating thickness.
-For the use of automatic image analysis see Section 18.5.5.
+
+* Porosity in Thermal Spray Coatings
+
+
+Thermal spray coatings are susceptible to the formation of porosity due to a lack of fusion between sprayed particles or the expansion of gases generated during the spray process. The determination of area percent porosity is important to monitor the effect of variable spray parameters and the suitability of a coating for its intended purpose.
+
+
+ASTM E 2109 Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in
+Thermal Sprayed Coatings
+These test methods cover the determination of the area percentage porosity of thermal sprayed coatings. Method A is a manual, direct comparison method using seven standard images shown on figures in the standard. These figures depict typical distributions of porosity in thermal spray coatings. Method B is an automated technique requiring the use of a computerized image analyzer. The methods quantify area percentage porosity only on the basis of light reflectivity from a metallo-
+
+
+
+
+
+* Coating Thickness
+ASTM B 487 - Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section
+
+This test method covers measurement of the local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the microscopical examination of cross sections using an optical microscope.
+Under good conditions, when using an optical microscope, the method is capable of giving an absolute measuring accuracy of 0.8 um.
+
+The measuring device may be a screw (Filar) micrometre ocular or a micrometre eyepiece. An image splitting eyepiece is advantageous for thin coatings on rough substrate layers. The measuring device shall be calibrated at least once before and once after the measurement using a stage micrometre. The magnification should be chosen
+so that the field of view is between 1.5 and 3 the coating thickness.
+For the use of automatic image analysis see Section 18.5.5.
diff --git a/proposal_archive/thesis_original.org b/proposal_archive/thesis_original.org
deleted file mode 100644
index 535949e..0000000
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-%     \listoffigures %optional
-%     \thispagestyle{empty}
-%     \glsaddall % this is to include all acronym. You can do a sort of citation for acronym and include only the one you use, Look at the glossary package for details.
-%     \printnoidxglossary[type=\acronymtype, title=Glossary] % optional
-%     \thispagestyle{empty}
-%     %% put your publications in BibMine.bib
-%     %% They will be displayed here
-%     \begin{refsection}[BibMine.bib]
-%     \DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{#1}
-%     \nocite{*}
-%     \printbibliography[omitnumbers=true,title={List of Publications}]
-%     \end{refsection}
-%     \thispagestyle{empty}
-% }
-
-
-
-\clearpage
-#+END_SRC
-
-
diff --git a/rig.org b/rig.org
index 40f7ee7..d8ae091 100644
--- a/rig.org
+++ b/rig.org
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-#+TITLE: Rig
-
-
-
-- [[https://gitlab.com/openflexure/openflexure-block-stage/][A 3D Printable high-precision 3 axis translation stage]]
-  Use for scanning samples?
-
-https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.09986
-
-Has 2 x 2 x 2 mm3 travel range, with sub 100 nm resolution.
-
-- [[https://www.printables.com/model/874575-14-od-tube-organizer-with-zip-ties][1/4" OD Tube Organizer with Zip-ties]]
-  Use for organizing the water/vacuum/air pressure tubes?
-
-
-#
+#+TITLE: Rig
+
+
+
+- [[https://gitlab.com/openflexure/openflexure-block-stage/][A 3D Printable high-precision 3 axis translation stage]]
+  Use for scanning samples?
+
+https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.09986
+
+Has 2 x 2 x 2 mm3 travel range, with sub 100 nm resolution.
+
+- [[https://www.printables.com/model/874575-14-od-tube-organizer-with-zip-ties][1/4" OD Tube Organizer with Zip-ties]]
+  Use for organizing the water/vacuum/air pressure tubes?
+
+
+#
diff --git a/sem_eds/eds.org b/sem_eds/eds.org
index 29f247e..9a303c9 100644
--- a/sem_eds/eds.org
+++ b/sem_eds/eds.org
@@ -1,480 +1,480 @@
-#+TITLE: SEM & EDS
-
-Things to do
-https://github.com/BAMresearch/automatic-sem-image-segmentation/tree/master
-https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13632-023-01020-7
-https://github.com/IDEAsLab-Computational-Microstructure/EDS-PhaSe
-* SEM
-
-Honestly, a really good introduction to SEM
-
-- Concepts
-  - [[https://youtu.be/d7ch1XSmOgI?si=v2Eb6ujTmoDv--o9][Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Foundation Lecture (30 min)]]
-    yt:d7ch1XSmOgI
-  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOyfoMRHfgE][Connecting SEM Concepts to practice (16 min)]]
-    [[yt:eOyfoMRHfgE]]
-
-- Basic Operations
-  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luC-5TgNPsQ&t=0s][Basic SEM Alignment (Source Tilt, Focus, Astigmatism, Lens Alignment) (7 min)]]
-    [[yt:luC-5TgNPsQ]]
-  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeukVt1Fyi0&t=317s][Details of Astigmatism Correction (8 min)]]
-    [[yt:YeukVt1Fyi0]]
-  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1syySgnTEqU][Fixing the Stigmator Alignment (5 min)]]
-    [[yt:1syySgnTEqU]]
-- Specific to Tescan Vega
-  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypD_fqO4ptI][Tescan Vega SEM Operation (13 min)]]
-    [[yt:ypD_fqO4ptI]]
-
-** Detectors
-
-The detection system may contain a set of detectors designed for detecting various signals resulting from electron beam interaction with the sample surface. The microscope is always delivered with the SE detector
-
-*** SE detector
-The detector works in high vacuum only.
-Secondary electrons enhance topographic contrast contrary to material contrast of back-scattered electrons. The secondary electron (SE) detector is a basic standard detector always present in the microscope.
-The SE detector is of an Everhart-Thornley type. The grid on the front part of the detector has positive potential. This attracts and accelerates the low-energy secondary electrons arising on the specimen surface and focuses them onto the scintillator. The light flashes, which result from the impingement of the electrons on the scintillator, are transferred through the light guide to the photo-multiplier outside the chamber of the microscope.
-
-*** BSE detector
-The detector works in high and low vacuum.
-Back-scattered electrons (BSE) enhance material contrast of the sample. The BSE detector is of the scintillation type. An annular (YAG) mono-crystal scintillator with a conductive surface is placed in the optical axis directly under the lower pole extension of the objective. The high energy back-scattered electrons impinge the scintillator without any additional acceleration and excite the scintillator atoms that emit visible radiation photons successively. The photons are carried, by means of the light guide, through the side outlet of the scintillator to the cathode of the photo-multiplier. They are then processed in the same way as the signal coming from the secondary electrons.
-The BSE detector is manufactured in an R-BSE (Retractable BSE) version. This modification allows the retraction of the detector from under the pole piece position if the detector is not used. This enables the specimens to be moved as close as possible to the objective when viewed by other detectors.
-
-** Considerations for Optimal SEM Imaging Results
-
-- Beam Settings
-
-  - Voltage
-    Is specimen conductive (high) or non-conductive (low)?
-    Beam-sensitive (low) or not?
-    From what depth do you want signal to emerge, and which signal?
-
-  - Current
-    Is specimen conductive (high) or non-conductive (low)? Beam-sensitive (low) or not?
-    Optimize signal (high) vs. resolution (low), choose small aperture (imaging) or large (x-ray).
-
-  - Working Distance
-    If not constrained by geometry of application, optimize resolution (low) vs. depth of field (high);
-    signal may decrease at too long or too short W; when in doubt, operate at eucentric height.
-
-    EDX should be done with a working distance of 15 mm
-
-- Detector Settings
-
-  Detector Type:
-  - SE (topographic contrast, some Z)
-  - BSE (atomic #, aka Z)
-  - EDS/WDS (elemental composition).
-
-  Using detector Bias, you can switch between different modes, please do not do so. Take one picture SE and one picture BSE. One might argue that the acquisition process for both are the same, but do it anyway, it makes life so much easier when you're trying to plot it on a report.
-
-
-- Alignments
-  - Basic Technique:
-    After gun tilt, iteratively adjust focus, astigmatism, lens alignment based on visual cues.
-  - 1st Approximation (Focus/Stig):
-    Use reduced area window w/longest dwell time that gives near-live refresh rate.
-  - Perfected:
-    Make comparisons using “alignment rectangle” in full frame or reduced window (integrate 1 frame).
-
-- Scan Settings
-
-  - Brightness & Contrast:
-    Optimize using Videoscope at dwell/pixel capture settings.
-    (try in full frame or line scan).
-
-  - Live (single frame) vs. frame & line averaging/integration
-    Frame averaging spreads out dose to mitigate charging artifacts, by averaging out the effects of a sudden flash. However, it does not overcome the general effects of charging and should be seen as a last ditch effort.
-
-    Note: This is unusual for thermal spray coatings and anything conductive.
-
-  - Scan Orientation:
-    Change scan rotation to scan perpendicular vs. parallel to features;
-    evaluate scan artifacts (is there image compression/stretching due to beam drift?) and mitigate charging artifacts.
-
-* EDX
-
-Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. The EDS analysis can be used to determine the elemental composition of individual points or to map out the lateral distribution of elements from the imaged area.
-
-
-The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique is mostly used for qualitative analysis of materials but is capable of providing semi-quantitative results as well. Typically, SEM instrumentation is equipped with an EDS system to allow for the chemical analysis of features being observed in SEM monitor. Simultaneous SEM and EDS analysis is advantageous in failure analysis cases where spot analysis becomes extremely crucial in arriving at a valid conclusion. Signals produced in an SEM/EDS system includes secondary and backscattered electrons that are used in image forming for morphological analysis as well as X-rays that are used for identification and quantification of chemicals present at detectable concentrations. The detection limit in EDS depends on sample surface conditions, smoother the surface the lower the detection limit. EDS can detect major and minor elements with concentrations higher than 10 wt% (major) and minor concentrations (concentrations between 1 and 10 wt%). The detection limit for bulk materials is 0.1 wt% therefore EDS cannot detect trace elements (concentrations below 0.01 wt%) [1].
-
-[[https://youtu.be/y75CAupTmUo?si=5D96lFYpyjykaQ4A][Tutorial on using the AZtecLive software]]
-[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxrGunKAL0o&t=1s][Introduction to Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)]]
-
-EDS Mapping displays the X-ray data as individual elemental images for different energy ranges. Mapping gives a quick understanding of the scanned area. Unlike Point Analysis, it shows the elements distribution across the scanned area.
-
-
-Construct Maps
-- Map
-- TruMap
-  Performs deconvolution to separate the images
-- QuantMap
-
-
-
-
-Image Scan Size - 1024
-Dwell Time 10 um
-Input Signal [ ] SE [ ] BSE
-AutoLock On
-
-Fixed Duration
-Energy Range 20 kEV
-Number of channels 2048
-Process Time 2
-Pixel Dwell Time us 50
-Frame Live Time 10
-
-
-
-Would suggest Line Spectra to show the change in composition from the top surface to the
-
-
-Change the colors by selecting AutoLayer to really bring out the image
-
-
-
-[[https://www.unamur.be/services/microscopie/sme-documents/Energy-20table-20for-20EDS-20analysis-1.pdf][Great PDF with EDS specific Periodic Table]]. Need to eventually make our own using https://tikz.net/periodic-table/
-
-** Displaying Outset
-
-Use outset graphs in EDX in order to show the change in composition
-
-https://mmore500.com/outset/index.html
-
-* Stellite Composition
-
-
-#+CAPTION: The chemical compositions of the HIPed Stellite alloys and blends A, B and C in wt.%
-|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
-|         | Stellite | Description            |    Co |    Cr |     W |   Mo |    C |   Fe |   Ni |   Si |   Mn |
-|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
-| Blend A | A1       | (Stellite 6 (HS6))     | 58.46 | 29.50 |  4.60 | 0.22 | 1.09 | 2.09 | 2.45 | 1.32 | 0.27 |
-|         | A3       | (50% HS6 + 50% HS20)   | 50.80 | 30.68 | 10.45 | 0.25 | 1.72 | 2.30 | 2.37 | 1.16 | 0.27 |
-|         | A5       | (Stellite 20 (HS20))   | 43.19 | 31.85 | 16.30 | 0.27 | 2.35 | 2.50 | 2.28 | 1.00 | 0.26 |
-|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
-| Blend B | B1       | (Stellite 1 (HS1))     | 46.84 | 31.70 | 12.70 | 0.29 | 2.47 | 2.30 | 2.38 | 1.06 | 0.26 |
-|         | B2       | (75% HS1 + 25% HS12)   | 48.93 | 31.19 | 11.56 | 0.27 | 2.23 | 2.24 | 2.30 | 1.02 | 0.26 |
-|         | B3       | (50% HS1 + 50% HS12)   | 51.00 | 30.68 | 10.43 | 0.25 | 1.98 | 2.19 | 2.21 | 0.99 | 0.27 |
-|         | B4       | (25% HS1 + 75% HS12)   | 53.11 | 30.16 |  9.29 | 0.22 | 1.74 | 2.13 | 2.13 | 0.95 | 0.27 |
-|         | B5       | (Stellite 12 (HS12))   | 55.22 | 29.65 |  8.15 |  0.2 | 1.49 | 2.07 | 2.04 | 0.91 | 0.27 |
-|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
-| Blend C | C1       | (Stellite 4 (HS4))     | 48.53 | 31.00 | 14.40 | 0.12 | 0.67 | 2.16 | 1.82 | 1.04 | 0.26 |
-|         | C2       | (75% HS4 + 25% HS190)  | 48.57 | 30.06 | 14.40 | 0.14 | 1.31 | 2.15 | 2.07 | 1.03 | 0.27 |
-|         | C3       | (50% HS4 + 50% HS190)  | 48.61 | 29.13 | 14.40 | 0.16 | 1.94 | 2.13 | 2.32 | 1.02 | 0.29 |
-|         | C4       | (25% HS4 + 75% HS190)  | 48.66 | 28.19 | 14.40 | 0.18 | 2.58 | 2.12 | 2.56 | 1.01 |  0.3 |
-|         | C5       | (Stellite 190 (HS190)) | 48.72 | 27.25 | 14.40 | 0.20 | 3.21 |  2.1 | 2.81 | 1.00 | 0.31 |
-|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
-
-
-
-|--------------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
-|              |       | Co   |    Cr |     W |   Mo |    C |   Fe |   Ni |   Si |   Mn |
-|--------------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
-| Stellite 6   | HS6   | Bal. | 29.50 |  4.60 | 0.22 | 1.09 | 2.09 | 2.45 | 1.32 | 0.27 |
-| Stellite 20  | HS20  | Bal. | 31.85 | 16.30 | 0.27 | 2.35 | 2.50 | 2.28 | 1.00 | 0.26 |
-| Stellite 1   | HS1   | Bal. | 31.70 | 12.70 | 0.29 | 2.47 | 2.30 | 2.38 | 1.06 | 0.26 |
-| Stellite 12  | HS12  | Bal. | 29.65 |  8.15 | 0.20 | 1.49 | 2.07 | 2.04 | 0.91 | 0.27 |
-| Stellite 4   | HS4   | Bal. | 31.00 | 14.40 | 0.12 | 0.67 | 2.16 | 1.82 | 1.04 | 0.26 |
-| Stellite 190 | HS190 | Bal. | 27.25 | 14.40 | 0.20 | 3.21 | 2.10 | 2.81 | 1.00 | 0.31 |
-|--------------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
-
-
-
-
-
-
-* EDS
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC jupyter-python :var tbl=EDS_Energy_Table :results output :session py
-print(tbl)
-#+end_src
-
-
-** EDS Energy Table
-
-#+NAME: EDS_Energy_Table
-#+CAPTION: Energy table for EDS analysis
-| atomicNumber | name | Kalpha1   | Kalpha2  | Kbeta1   | Lalpha1  | Lalpha2   | Lbeta1   | Lbeta2   | Lgamma1  | Malpha1 |
-|--------------+------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+---------|
-|            3 | Li   | 54.3      |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|            4 | Be   | 108.5     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|            5 | B    | 183.3     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|            6 | C    | 277       |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|            7 | N    | 392.4     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|            8 | O    | 524.9     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|            9 | F    | 676.8     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           10 | Ne   | 848.6     | 848.6    |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           11 | Na   | 1040.98   | 1040.98  | 1071.1   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           12 | Mg   | 1253.60   | 1253.60  | 1302.2   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           13 | Al   | 1486.70   | 1486.27  | 1557.45  |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           14 | Si   | 1739.98   | 1739.38  | 1835.94  |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           15 | P    | 2013.7    | 2012.7   | 2139.1   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           16 | S    | 2307.84   | 2306.64  | 2464.04  |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           17 | Cl   | 2622.39   | 2620.78  | 2815.6   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           18 | Ar   | 2957.70   | 2955.63  | 3190.5   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           19 | K    | 3313.8    | 3311.1   | 3589.6   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           20 | Ca   | 3691.68   | 3688.09  | 4012.7   | 341.3    | 341.3     | 344.9    |          |          |         |
-|           21 | Sc   | 4090.6    | 4086.1   | 4460.5   | 395.4    | 395.4     | 399.6    |          |          |         |
-|           22 | Ti   | 4510.84   | 4504.86  | 4931.81  | 452.2    | 452.2     | 458.4    |          |          |         |
-|           23 | V    | 4952.20   | 4944.64  | 5427.29  | 511.3    | 511.3     | 519.2    |          |          |         |
-|           24 | Cr   | 5414.72   | 5405.509 | 5946.71  | 572.8    | 572.8     | 582.8    |          |          |         |
-|           25 | Mn   | 5898.75   | 5887.65  | 6490.45  | 637.4    | 637.4     | 648.8    |          |          |         |
-|           26 | Fe   | 6403.84   | 6390.84  | 7057.98  | 705.0    | 705.0     | 718.5    |          |          |         |
-|           27 | Co   | 6930.32   | 6915.30  | 7649.43  | 776.2    | 776.2     | 791.4    |          |          |         |
-|           28 | Ni   | 7478.15   | 7460.89  | 8264.66  | 851.5    | 851.5     | 868.8    |          |          |         |
-|           29 | Cu   | 8047.78   | 8027.83  | 8905.29  | 929.7    | 929.7     | 949.8    |          |          |         |
-|           30 | Zn   | 8638.86   | 8615.78  | 9572.0   | 1011.7   | 1011.7    | 1034.7   |          |          |         |
-|           31 | Ga   | 9251.74   | 9224.82  | 10264.2  | 1097.92  | 1097.92   | 1124.8   |          |          |         |
-|           32 | Ge   | 9886.42   | 9855.32  | 10982.1  | 1188.00  | 1188.00   | 1218.5   |          |          |         |
-|           33 | As   | 10543.72  | 10507.99 | 11726.2  | 1282.0   | 1282.0    | 1317.0   |          |          |         |
-|           34 | Se   | 11222.4   | 11181.4  | 12495.9  | 1379.10  | 1379.10   | 1419.23  |          |          |         |
-|           35 | Br   | 11924.2   | 11877.6  | 13291.4  | 1480.43  | 1480.43   | 1525.90  |          |          |         |
-|           36 | Kr   | 12649     | 12598    | 14112    | 1586.0   | 1586.0    | 1636.6   |          |          |         |
-|           37 | Rb   | 13395.3   | 13335.8  | 14961.3  | 1694.13  | 1692.56   | 1752.17  |          |          |         |
-|           38 | Sr   | 14165     | 14097.9  | 15835.7  | 1806.56  | 1804.74   | 1871.72  |          |          |         |
-|           39 | Y    | 14958.4   | 14882.9  | 16737.8  | 1922.56  | 1920.47   | 1995.84  |          |          |         |
-|           40 | Zr   | 15775.1   | 15690.9  | 17667.8  | 2042.36  | 2039.9    | 2124.4   | 2219.4   | 2302.7   |         |
-|           41 | Nb   | 16,615.1  | 16,521.0 | 18,622.5 | 2,165.89 | 2,163.0   | 2,257.4  | 2,367.0  | 2,461.8  |         |
-|           42 | Mo   | 17,479.34 | 17,374.3 | 19,608.3 | 2,293.16 | 2,289.85  | 2,394.81 | 2,518.3  | 2,623.5  |         |
-|           43 | Tc   | 18,367.1  | 18,250.8 | 20,619   | 2,424    | 2,420     | 2,538    | 2,674    | 2,792    |         |
-|           44 | Ru   | 19,279.2  | 19,150.4 | 21,656.8 | 2,558.55 | 2,554.31  | 2,683.23 | 2,836.0  | 2,964.5  |         |
-|           45 | Rh   | 20,216.1  | 20,073.7 | 22,723.6 | 2,696.74 | 2,692.05  | 2,834.41 | 3,001.3  | 3,143.8  |         |
-|           46 | Pd   | 21,177.1  | 21,020.1 | 23,818.7 | 2,838.61 | 2,833.29  | 2,990.22 | 3,171.79 | 3,328.7  |         |
-|           47 | Ag   | 22,162.92 | 21,990.3 | 24,942.4 | 2,984.31 | 2,978.21  | 3,150.94 | 3,347.81 | 3,519.59 |         |
-|           48 | Cd   | 23,173.6  | 22,984.1 | 26,095.5 | 3,133.73 | 3,126.91  | 3,316.57 | 3,528.12 | 3,716.86 |         |
-|           49 | In   | 24,209.7  | 24,002.0 | 27,275.9 | 3,286.94 | 3,279.29  | 3,487.21 | 3,713.81 | 3,920.81 |         |
-|           50 | Sn   | 25,271.3  | 25,044.0 | 28,486.0 | 3,443.98 | 3,435.42  | 3,662.80 | 3,904.86 | 4,131.12 |         |
-|           51 | Sb   | 26,359.1  | 26,110.8 | 29,725.6 | 3,604.72 | 3,595.32  | 3,843.57 | 4,100.78 | 4,347.79 |         |
-|           52 | Te   | 27,472.3  | 27,201.7 | 30,995.7 | 3,769.33 | 3,758.8   | 4,029.58 | 4,301.7  | 4,570.9  |         |
-|           53 | I    | 28,612.0  | 28,317.2 | 32,294.7 | 3,937.65 | 3,926.04  | 4,220.72 | 4,507.5  | 4,800.9  |         |
-|           54 | Xe   | 29,779    | 29,458   | 33,624   | 4,109.9  |           |          |          |          |         |
-|           55 | Cs   | 30,972.8  | 30,625.1 | 34,986.9 | 4,286.5  | 4,272.2   | 4,619.8  | 4,935.9  | 5,280.4  |         |
-|           56 | Ba   | 32,193.6  | 31,817.1 | 36,378.2 | 4,466.26 | 4,450.90  | 4,827.53 | 5,156.5  | 5,531.1  |         |
-|           57 | La   | 33,441.8  | 33,034.1 | 37,801.0 | 4,650.97 | 4,634.23  | 5,042.1  | 5,383.5  | 5,788.5  | 833     |
-|           58 | Ce   | 34,719.7  | 34,278.9 | 39,257.3 | 4,840.2  | 4,823.0   | 5,262.2  | 5,613.4  | 6,052    | 883     |
-|           59 | Pr   | 36,026.3  | 35,550.2 | 40,748.2 | 5,033.7  | 5,013.5   | 5,488.9  | 5,850    | 6,322.1  | 929     |
-|           60 | Nd   | 37,361.0  | 36,847.4 | 42,271.3 | 5,230.4  | 5,207.7   | 5,721.6  | 6,089.4  | 6,602.1  | 978     |
-|           61 | Pm   | 38,724.7  | 38,171.2 | 43,826   | 5,432.5  | 5,407.8   | 5,961    | 6,339    | 6,892    |         |
-|           62 | Sm   | 40,118.1  | 39,522.4 | 45,413   | 5,636.1  | 5,609.0   | 6,205.1  | 6,586    | 7,178    | 1,081   |
-|           63 | Eu   | 41,542.2  | 40,901.9 | 47,037.9 | 5,845.7  | 5,816.6   | 6,456.4  | 6,843.2  | 7,480.3  | 1,131   |
-|           64 | Gd   | 42,996.2  | 42,308.9 | 48,697   | 6,057.2  | 6,025.0   | 6,713.2  | 7,102.8  | 7,785.8  | 1,185   |
-|           65 | Tb   | 44,481.6  | 43,744.1 | 50,382   | 6,272.8  | 6,238.0   | 6,978    | 7,366.7  | 8,102    | 1,240   |
-|           66 | Dy   | 45,998.4  | 45,207.8 | 52,119   | 6,495.2  | 6,457.7   | 7,247.7  | 7,635.7  | 8,418.8  | 1,293   |
-|           67 | Ho   | 47,546.7  | 46,699.7 | 53,877   | 6,719.8  | 6,679.5   | 7,525.3  | 7,911    | 8,747    | 1,348   |
-|           68 | Er   | 49,127.7  | 48,221.1 | 55,681   | 6,948.7  | 6,905.0   | 7,810.9  | 8,189.0  | 9,089    | 1,406   |
-|           69 | Tm   | 50,741.6  | 49,772.6 | 57,517   | 7,179.9  | 7,133.1   | 8,101    | 8,468    | 9,426    | 1,462   |
-|           70 | Yb   | 52,388.9  | 51,354.0 | 59,370   | 7,415.6  | 7,367.3   | 8,401.8  | 8,758.8  | 9,780.1  | 1,521.4 |
-|           71 | Lu   | 54,069.8  | 52,965.0 | 61,283   | 7,655.5  | 7,604.9   | 8,709.0  | 9,048.9  | 10,143.4 | 1,581.3 |
-|           72 | Hf   | 55,790.2  | 54,611.4 | 63,234   | 7,899.0  | 7,844.6   | 9,022.7  | 9,347.3  | 10,515.8 | 1,644.6 |
-|           73 | Ta   | 57,532    | 56,277   | 65,223   | 8,146.1  | 8,087.9   | 9,343.1  | 9,651.8  | 10,895.2 | 1,710   |
-|           74 | W    | 59,318.24 | 57,981.7 | 67,244.3 | 8,397.6  | 8,335.2   | 9,672.35 | 9,961.5  | 11,285.9 | 1,775.4 |
-|           75 | Re   | 61,140.3  | 59,717.9 | 69,310   | 8,652.5  | 8,586.2   | 10,010.0 | 10,275.2 | 11,685.4 | 1,842.5 |
-|           76 | Os   | 63,000.5  | 61,486.7 | 71,413   | 8,911.7  | 8,841.0   | 10,355.3 | 10,598.5 | 12,095.3 | 1,910.2 |
-|           77 | Ir   | 64,895.6  | 63,286.7 | 73,560.8 | 9,175.1  | 9,099.5   | 10,708.3 | 10,920.3 | 12,512.6 | 1,979.9 |
-|           78 | Pt   | 66,832    | 65,112   | 75,748   | 9,442.3  | 9,361.8   | 11,070.7 | 11,250.5 | 12,942.0 | 2,050.5 |
-|           79 | Au   | 68,803.7  | 66,989.5 | 77,984   | 9,713.3  | 9,628.0   | 11,442.3 | 11,584.7 | 13,381.7 | 2,122.9 |
-|           80 | Hg   | 70,819    | 68,895   | 80,253   | 9,988.8  | 9,897.6   | 11,822.6 | 11,924.1 | 13,830.1 | 2,195.3 |
-|           81 | Tl   | 72,871.5  | 70,831.9 | 82,576   | 10,268.5 | 10,172.8  | 12,213.3 | 12,271.5 | 14,291.5 | 2,270.6 |
-|           82 | Pb   | 74,969.4  | 72,804.2 | 84,936   | 10,551.5 | 10,449.5  | 12,613.7 | 12,622.6 | 14,764.4 | 2,345.5 |
-|           83 | Bi   | 77,107.9  | 74,814.8 | 87,343   | 10,838.8 | 10,730.91 | 13,023.5 | 12,979.9 | 15,247.7 | 2,422.6 |
-|           84 | Po   | 79,290    | 76,862   | 89,800   | 11,130.8 | 11,015.8  | 13,447   | 13,340.4 | 15,744   |         |
-|           85 | At   | 81,520    | 78,950   | 92,300   | 11,426.8 | 11,304.8  | 13,876   |          | 16,251   |         |
-|           86 | Rn   | 83,780    | 81,070   | 94,870   | 11,727.0 | 11,597.9  | 14,316   |          | 16,770   |         |
-|           87 | Fr   | 86,100    | 83,230   | 97,470   | 12,031.3 | 11,895.0  | 14,770   | 14,450   | 17,303   |         |
-|           88 | Ra   | 88,470    | 85,430   | 100,130  | 12,339.7 | 12,196.2  | 15,235.8 | 14,841.4 | 17,849   |         |
-|           89 | Ac   | 90,884    | 87,670   | 102,850  | 12,652.0 | 12,500.8  | 15,713   |          | 18,408   |         |
-|           90 | Th   | 93,350    | 89,953   | 105,609  | 12,968.7 | 12,809.6  | 16,202.2 | 15,623.7 | 18,982.5 | 2,996.1 |
-|           91 | Pa   | 95,868    | 92,287   | 108,427  | 13,290.7 | 13,122.2  | 16,702   | 16,024   | 19,568   | 3,082.3 |
-|           92 | U    | 98,439    | 94,665   | 111,300  | 13,614.7 | 13,438.8  | 17,220.0 | 16,428.3 | 20,167.1 | 3,170.8 |
-|           93 | Np   |           |          |          | 13,944.1 | 13,759.7  | 17,750.2 | 16,840.0 | 20,784.8 |         |
-|           94 | Pu   |           |          |          | 14,278.6 | 14,084.2  | 18,293.7 | 17,255.3 | 21,417.3 |         |
-|           95 | Am   |           |          |          | 14,617.2 | 14,411.9  | 18,852.0 | 17,676.5 | 22,065.2 |         |
-
-
-
-* SEM SOP
-** Stopping the Microscope
-
-- Switch off the high voltage by clicking on the HV button in the Electron Beam panel.
-- Remove your samples from the microscope.
-- Pump the microscope.
-- Close the program (use Exit from the File menu) select the Switch off (the microscope) and exit (the application) option.
-- Wait until the VegaTC program closes itself. The microscope configuration will be automatically saved on the hard drive.
-- Shut down OS Windows in the usual way.
-- Turn the main switch to the left (OFF position).
-
-** Loading of the sample
-
-- Use only one gloved hand when handling samples and holders
-- Avoid letting the sample holder or any part of the sample exchange rod touch non-clean surfaces which may be contaminated with hand-oil
-- Never "blow on" or exhale on samples to dry them, use the IR lamp instead
-- Always make sure all screws are tight and that you always have a sure grip
-- Always ask if you have a question
-
-** Images at Low Magnification
-
-
-There are four factory presets for the accelerating voltage (5 kV, 10 kV, 20 kV, 30 kV), one
-for each HV index. The user does not need to make any further adjustments by switching
-among them and using magnification up to 4000x.
-
-Click on the PUMP button in the Vacuum panel to start the pumping procedure
-(Figure 2). It usually takes around 3 minutes to reach vacuum ready - status which
-means that the microscope is ready to use. If there is a need to exchange the
-specimen, follow the instructions in chapter 8.2.
-
-
-
-[[download:20240310-112336_screenshot.png]]
-
-In the SEM Detectors & Mixer panel select the appropriate detector from the list box
-(Figure 3). We recommend using the SE or BSE detector. When the BSE detector is
-used, make sure that the detector is not retracted! See chapter 6 for detailed infor-
-mation
-
-
-[[download:20240310-112456_screenshot.png]]
-
-
-
-[[download:20240310-112616_screenshot.png]]
-
-
-3. Select the accelerating voltage (30 kV recommended) using the combo box in the
-Electron Beam panel (Figure 5).
-4. Clicking on the HV button in the Electron Beam panel turns the high voltage on and
-starts the heating of the tungsten filament (see Figure 5).
-5. Right-click in the SEM Scanning window to open the menu and select the Minimum
-Magnification function (Figure 6)
-
-
-[[download:20240310-112645_screenshot.png]]
-
-
-[[download:20240310-112723_screenshot.png]]
-
-
-7 Select RESOLUTION mode (click on the Scan Mode function in the Info Panel (see
-Figure 10) and select RESOLUTION or use the Continual Wide Field option – switches
-automatically between WIDE FIELD and RESOLUTION mode and vice versa when
-increasing or decreasing magnification)
-
-Focus the image by clicking on the WD icon in the Toolbar and turning the
-Trackball from left to right (or vice versa). Alternatively use the Auto WD function for
-focusing (see Figure 6). Double-clicking (left mouse button) in the SEM Scanning
-window opens the Focus window. To remove the Focus window double-click
-anywhere in the SEM Scanning window.
-
-
-To select beam intensity (BI 10 recommended), first left-click on the BI icon
-on the Toolbar and then use the arrows in the Pad panel (Figure 8).
-
-
-
-[[download:20240310-113043_screenshot.png]]
-
-10. To select the sample position in the Stage Control panel, click on the appropriate
-number button on the carousel (Figure 9) or use the manual knobs in the case of the
-SB microscope type.
-11. Placing the cursor over the SEM Scanning window and clicking the mouse wheel
-moves that area on the stage into the centre of the image. See chapter 7.2 for other
-mouse actions.
-12. To magnify the image click on the Magnification icon on the Toolbar and turn
-the Trackball from left to right.
-13. Once the area of interest is magnified and focused as desired, right-click on the
-Speed icon on the Toolbar and select the appropriate scanning speed.
-14. Clicking on the Acquire button in the Info Panel (Figure 10) or on the icon
-on the Toolbar saves the image. Fill in the note, sign and description field
-if necessary. Choose a folder in which to store the image. To change the parameters
-of the image use the Image Parameters function in the main SEM menu
-
-
-[[download:20240310-113153_screenshot.png]]
-
-
-[[download:20240310-113251_screenshot.png]]
-
-5. Clicking on the icon opens the dialogue for saving the actual adjustment of the
-microscope. It is possible to restore the saved adjustment of the microscope later.
-
-** Images at High Magnification
-
-The best resolution is achieved at the highest accelerating voltage (30 kV) of the primary
-electrons.
-1. Insert an appropriate sample for high magnification images (e.g. tin on carbon
-sample, Figure 18).
-2. Select the fourth HV index using the combo box in the Electron Beam panel (20 kV -
-30 kV) and turn on the high voltage.
-3. Focus the image in RESOLUTION mode (click on the Scan Mode function in the Info
-Panel and select RESOLUTION or use the Continual Wide Field option).
-Note: Use the Degauss column function by means of the icon before changing WD&Z or WD. The image should remain in focus.
-
-Check the spot size, which is determined by the BI value. Right-click in the SEM
-Scanning window to select the optimum BI value – Auto BI OptiMag.
-5. For the best resolution, it is necessary to work at a short working distance (WD). The
-optimum WD is about 5 mm for the SE detector (in the case that the BSE is not
-mounted underneath the objective lens). For BSE images the optimum WD is about
-8.5 mm. To change the working distance together with Z-axis, without defocusing
-the image, use the WD&Z function in the Stage Control panel (Figure 15).
-
-WARNING: Moving the manipulator with the specimen can cause it to collide with other inner
-components of the microscope and can cause damage to the microscope. Control the
-movements of the manipulator by video camera imaging (open the Chamber View by clicking
-on the
-icon). The manipulator's movement can be stopped by clicking on the Stop
-button in the Stage Control panel (see Figure 15).
-
-
-[[download:20240310-113624_screenshot.png]]
-
-Gradually magnify and focus the image to achieve 10kx magnification. In the case
-that the image is moving during focusing, it is necessary to check the centering
-of the objective. Select the Manual Column Centering function using the combo box
-in the Electron Beam panel after clicking on the Adjustment >>> button (Figure 16).
-The Manual Centering Wizard window will appear (Figure 17). Clicking on the WOB
-button opens the Focus window in the SEM Scanning window. Click on the Next>>
-button to obtain the next instructions. The function of the centering has two adjust-
-able values. To be sure just one value is changing, hold down the F12 key to change
-only X movement at the Trackball, and the F11 key to change only Y movement.
-7. Each time that the image is too dark or light it is necessary to use the Auto Signal
-function (see Figure 6 or use the icon ). To set the contrast and brightness
-manually, click on the icon and use the Trackball.
-
-
-[[download:20240310-113731_screenshot.png]]
-
-
-
-[[download:20240310-113752_screenshot.png]]
-
-
-At higher magnifications (>10kx) it is necessary to check if astigmatism (Figure 18
-(a), (b)) is precisely corrected (Figure 18 (c)). To correct astigmatism click on the
-Stigmator function in the Info Panel (Figure 19). For precise correction use the Focus
-window (in the SEM Scanning window) and the F11 and F12 keys in the same way
-as in point 6.
-
-
-[[download:20240310-113907_screenshot.png]]
-
-
-9. Select the appropriate scanning speed and save the image.
-10. Clicking on the icon opens the dialog for saving the current adjustment of the
-microscope. It is possible to restore the saved adjustment of the microscope later.
-
-
-[[download:20240310-113937_screenshot.png]]
-
-
-** Specimen Exchange
-
-The specimen should somehow be fixed or glued to the specimen stub before it is inserted into the chamber. It is possible to use 12.5 mm specimen stubs or any other specimen holders, delivered as microscope accessories (see chapter 9.7).
-If the specimen is examined in high vacuum mode, it must be conductive or must be made conductive using one of the methods described in the technical information. The conductive surface of the specimen must be conductive contacted to the stub.
-Non-conductive samples can be investigated in low vacuum mode.
-Instructions:
-1. Vent the microscope by using the VENT button in the Vacuum panel. Wait until the pressure is at atmospheric level.
-2. Set the tilt of the specimen stage to zero.
-3. Open the chamber door by gently pulling it.
-4. The automatic positions set up in the Stage Control panel can be used, which are intended for specimen position exchange. To select the sample position click on the appropriate number button on the carousel. At this time the button background is red to indicate the specimen exchange mode.
+#+TITLE: SEM & EDS
+
+Things to do
+https://github.com/BAMresearch/automatic-sem-image-segmentation/tree/master
+https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13632-023-01020-7
+https://github.com/IDEAsLab-Computational-Microstructure/EDS-PhaSe
+* SEM
+
+Honestly, a really good introduction to SEM
+
+- Concepts
+  - [[https://youtu.be/d7ch1XSmOgI?si=v2Eb6ujTmoDv--o9][Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Foundation Lecture (30 min)]]
+    yt:d7ch1XSmOgI
+  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOyfoMRHfgE][Connecting SEM Concepts to practice (16 min)]]
+    [[yt:eOyfoMRHfgE]]
+
+- Basic Operations
+  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luC-5TgNPsQ&t=0s][Basic SEM Alignment (Source Tilt, Focus, Astigmatism, Lens Alignment) (7 min)]]
+    [[yt:luC-5TgNPsQ]]
+  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeukVt1Fyi0&t=317s][Details of Astigmatism Correction (8 min)]]
+    [[yt:YeukVt1Fyi0]]
+  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1syySgnTEqU][Fixing the Stigmator Alignment (5 min)]]
+    [[yt:1syySgnTEqU]]
+- Specific to Tescan Vega
+  - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypD_fqO4ptI][Tescan Vega SEM Operation (13 min)]]
+    [[yt:ypD_fqO4ptI]]
+
+** Detectors
+
+The detection system may contain a set of detectors designed for detecting various signals resulting from electron beam interaction with the sample surface. The microscope is always delivered with the SE detector
+
+*** SE detector
+The detector works in high vacuum only.
+Secondary electrons enhance topographic contrast contrary to material contrast of back-scattered electrons. The secondary electron (SE) detector is a basic standard detector always present in the microscope.
+The SE detector is of an Everhart-Thornley type. The grid on the front part of the detector has positive potential. This attracts and accelerates the low-energy secondary electrons arising on the specimen surface and focuses them onto the scintillator. The light flashes, which result from the impingement of the electrons on the scintillator, are transferred through the light guide to the photo-multiplier outside the chamber of the microscope.
+
+*** BSE detector
+The detector works in high and low vacuum.
+Back-scattered electrons (BSE) enhance material contrast of the sample. The BSE detector is of the scintillation type. An annular (YAG) mono-crystal scintillator with a conductive surface is placed in the optical axis directly under the lower pole extension of the objective. The high energy back-scattered electrons impinge the scintillator without any additional acceleration and excite the scintillator atoms that emit visible radiation photons successively. The photons are carried, by means of the light guide, through the side outlet of the scintillator to the cathode of the photo-multiplier. They are then processed in the same way as the signal coming from the secondary electrons.
+The BSE detector is manufactured in an R-BSE (Retractable BSE) version. This modification allows the retraction of the detector from under the pole piece position if the detector is not used. This enables the specimens to be moved as close as possible to the objective when viewed by other detectors.
+
+** Considerations for Optimal SEM Imaging Results
+
+- Beam Settings
+
+  - Voltage
+    Is specimen conductive (high) or non-conductive (low)?
+    Beam-sensitive (low) or not?
+    From what depth do you want signal to emerge, and which signal?
+
+  - Current
+    Is specimen conductive (high) or non-conductive (low)? Beam-sensitive (low) or not?
+    Optimize signal (high) vs. resolution (low), choose small aperture (imaging) or large (x-ray).
+
+  - Working Distance
+    If not constrained by geometry of application, optimize resolution (low) vs. depth of field (high);
+    signal may decrease at too long or too short W; when in doubt, operate at eucentric height.
+
+    EDX should be done with a working distance of 15 mm
+
+- Detector Settings
+
+  Detector Type:
+  - SE (topographic contrast, some Z)
+  - BSE (atomic #, aka Z)
+  - EDS/WDS (elemental composition).
+
+  Using detector Bias, you can switch between different modes, please do not do so. Take one picture SE and one picture BSE. One might argue that the acquisition process for both are the same, but do it anyway, it makes life so much easier when you're trying to plot it on a report.
+
+
+- Alignments
+  - Basic Technique:
+    After gun tilt, iteratively adjust focus, astigmatism, lens alignment based on visual cues.
+  - 1st Approximation (Focus/Stig):
+    Use reduced area window w/longest dwell time that gives near-live refresh rate.
+  - Perfected:
+    Make comparisons using “alignment rectangle” in full frame or reduced window (integrate 1 frame).
+
+- Scan Settings
+
+  - Brightness & Contrast:
+    Optimize using Videoscope at dwell/pixel capture settings.
+    (try in full frame or line scan).
+
+  - Live (single frame) vs. frame & line averaging/integration
+    Frame averaging spreads out dose to mitigate charging artifacts, by averaging out the effects of a sudden flash. However, it does not overcome the general effects of charging and should be seen as a last ditch effort.
+
+    Note: This is unusual for thermal spray coatings and anything conductive.
+
+  - Scan Orientation:
+    Change scan rotation to scan perpendicular vs. parallel to features;
+    evaluate scan artifacts (is there image compression/stretching due to beam drift?) and mitigate charging artifacts.
+
+* EDX
+
+Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. The EDS analysis can be used to determine the elemental composition of individual points or to map out the lateral distribution of elements from the imaged area.
+
+
+The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique is mostly used for qualitative analysis of materials but is capable of providing semi-quantitative results as well. Typically, SEM instrumentation is equipped with an EDS system to allow for the chemical analysis of features being observed in SEM monitor. Simultaneous SEM and EDS analysis is advantageous in failure analysis cases where spot analysis becomes extremely crucial in arriving at a valid conclusion. Signals produced in an SEM/EDS system includes secondary and backscattered electrons that are used in image forming for morphological analysis as well as X-rays that are used for identification and quantification of chemicals present at detectable concentrations. The detection limit in EDS depends on sample surface conditions, smoother the surface the lower the detection limit. EDS can detect major and minor elements with concentrations higher than 10 wt% (major) and minor concentrations (concentrations between 1 and 10 wt%). The detection limit for bulk materials is 0.1 wt% therefore EDS cannot detect trace elements (concentrations below 0.01 wt%) [1].
+
+[[https://youtu.be/y75CAupTmUo?si=5D96lFYpyjykaQ4A][Tutorial on using the AZtecLive software]]
+[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxrGunKAL0o&t=1s][Introduction to Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)]]
+
+EDS Mapping displays the X-ray data as individual elemental images for different energy ranges. Mapping gives a quick understanding of the scanned area. Unlike Point Analysis, it shows the elements distribution across the scanned area.
+
+
+Construct Maps
+- Map
+- TruMap
+  Performs deconvolution to separate the images
+- QuantMap
+
+
+
+
+Image Scan Size - 1024
+Dwell Time 10 um
+Input Signal [ ] SE [ ] BSE
+AutoLock On
+
+Fixed Duration
+Energy Range 20 kEV
+Number of channels 2048
+Process Time 2
+Pixel Dwell Time us 50
+Frame Live Time 10
+
+
+
+Would suggest Line Spectra to show the change in composition from the top surface to the
+
+
+Change the colors by selecting AutoLayer to really bring out the image
+
+
+
+[[https://www.unamur.be/services/microscopie/sme-documents/Energy-20table-20for-20EDS-20analysis-1.pdf][Great PDF with EDS specific Periodic Table]]. Need to eventually make our own using https://tikz.net/periodic-table/
+
+** Displaying Outset
+
+Use outset graphs in EDX in order to show the change in composition
+
+https://mmore500.com/outset/index.html
+
+* Stellite Composition
+
+
+#+CAPTION: The chemical compositions of the HIPed Stellite alloys and blends A, B and C in wt.%
+|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
+|         | Stellite | Description            |    Co |    Cr |     W |   Mo |    C |   Fe |   Ni |   Si |   Mn |
+|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
+| Blend A | A1       | (Stellite 6 (HS6))     | 58.46 | 29.50 |  4.60 | 0.22 | 1.09 | 2.09 | 2.45 | 1.32 | 0.27 |
+|         | A3       | (50% HS6 + 50% HS20)   | 50.80 | 30.68 | 10.45 | 0.25 | 1.72 | 2.30 | 2.37 | 1.16 | 0.27 |
+|         | A5       | (Stellite 20 (HS20))   | 43.19 | 31.85 | 16.30 | 0.27 | 2.35 | 2.50 | 2.28 | 1.00 | 0.26 |
+|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
+| Blend B | B1       | (Stellite 1 (HS1))     | 46.84 | 31.70 | 12.70 | 0.29 | 2.47 | 2.30 | 2.38 | 1.06 | 0.26 |
+|         | B2       | (75% HS1 + 25% HS12)   | 48.93 | 31.19 | 11.56 | 0.27 | 2.23 | 2.24 | 2.30 | 1.02 | 0.26 |
+|         | B3       | (50% HS1 + 50% HS12)   | 51.00 | 30.68 | 10.43 | 0.25 | 1.98 | 2.19 | 2.21 | 0.99 | 0.27 |
+|         | B4       | (25% HS1 + 75% HS12)   | 53.11 | 30.16 |  9.29 | 0.22 | 1.74 | 2.13 | 2.13 | 0.95 | 0.27 |
+|         | B5       | (Stellite 12 (HS12))   | 55.22 | 29.65 |  8.15 |  0.2 | 1.49 | 2.07 | 2.04 | 0.91 | 0.27 |
+|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
+| Blend C | C1       | (Stellite 4 (HS4))     | 48.53 | 31.00 | 14.40 | 0.12 | 0.67 | 2.16 | 1.82 | 1.04 | 0.26 |
+|         | C2       | (75% HS4 + 25% HS190)  | 48.57 | 30.06 | 14.40 | 0.14 | 1.31 | 2.15 | 2.07 | 1.03 | 0.27 |
+|         | C3       | (50% HS4 + 50% HS190)  | 48.61 | 29.13 | 14.40 | 0.16 | 1.94 | 2.13 | 2.32 | 1.02 | 0.29 |
+|         | C4       | (25% HS4 + 75% HS190)  | 48.66 | 28.19 | 14.40 | 0.18 | 2.58 | 2.12 | 2.56 | 1.01 |  0.3 |
+|         | C5       | (Stellite 190 (HS190)) | 48.72 | 27.25 | 14.40 | 0.20 | 3.21 |  2.1 | 2.81 | 1.00 | 0.31 |
+|---------+----------+------------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
+
+
+
+|--------------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
+|              |       | Co   |    Cr |     W |   Mo |    C |   Fe |   Ni |   Si |   Mn |
+|--------------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
+| Stellite 6   | HS6   | Bal. | 29.50 |  4.60 | 0.22 | 1.09 | 2.09 | 2.45 | 1.32 | 0.27 |
+| Stellite 20  | HS20  | Bal. | 31.85 | 16.30 | 0.27 | 2.35 | 2.50 | 2.28 | 1.00 | 0.26 |
+| Stellite 1   | HS1   | Bal. | 31.70 | 12.70 | 0.29 | 2.47 | 2.30 | 2.38 | 1.06 | 0.26 |
+| Stellite 12  | HS12  | Bal. | 29.65 |  8.15 | 0.20 | 1.49 | 2.07 | 2.04 | 0.91 | 0.27 |
+| Stellite 4   | HS4   | Bal. | 31.00 | 14.40 | 0.12 | 0.67 | 2.16 | 1.82 | 1.04 | 0.26 |
+| Stellite 190 | HS190 | Bal. | 27.25 | 14.40 | 0.20 | 3.21 | 2.10 | 2.81 | 1.00 | 0.31 |
+|--------------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
+
+
+
+
+
+
+* EDS
+
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC jupyter-python :var tbl=EDS_Energy_Table :results output :session py
+print(tbl)
+#+end_src
+
+
+** EDS Energy Table
+
+#+NAME: EDS_Energy_Table
+#+CAPTION: Energy table for EDS analysis
+| atomicNumber | name | Kalpha1   | Kalpha2  | Kbeta1   | Lalpha1  | Lalpha2   | Lbeta1   | Lbeta2   | Lgamma1  | Malpha1 |
+|--------------+------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+---------|
+|            3 | Li   | 54.3      |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|            4 | Be   | 108.5     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|            5 | B    | 183.3     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|            6 | C    | 277       |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|            7 | N    | 392.4     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|            8 | O    | 524.9     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|            9 | F    | 676.8     |          |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           10 | Ne   | 848.6     | 848.6    |          |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           11 | Na   | 1040.98   | 1040.98  | 1071.1   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           12 | Mg   | 1253.60   | 1253.60  | 1302.2   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           13 | Al   | 1486.70   | 1486.27  | 1557.45  |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           14 | Si   | 1739.98   | 1739.38  | 1835.94  |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           15 | P    | 2013.7    | 2012.7   | 2139.1   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           16 | S    | 2307.84   | 2306.64  | 2464.04  |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           17 | Cl   | 2622.39   | 2620.78  | 2815.6   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           18 | Ar   | 2957.70   | 2955.63  | 3190.5   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           19 | K    | 3313.8    | 3311.1   | 3589.6   |          |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           20 | Ca   | 3691.68   | 3688.09  | 4012.7   | 341.3    | 341.3     | 344.9    |          |          |         |
+|           21 | Sc   | 4090.6    | 4086.1   | 4460.5   | 395.4    | 395.4     | 399.6    |          |          |         |
+|           22 | Ti   | 4510.84   | 4504.86  | 4931.81  | 452.2    | 452.2     | 458.4    |          |          |         |
+|           23 | V    | 4952.20   | 4944.64  | 5427.29  | 511.3    | 511.3     | 519.2    |          |          |         |
+|           24 | Cr   | 5414.72   | 5405.509 | 5946.71  | 572.8    | 572.8     | 582.8    |          |          |         |
+|           25 | Mn   | 5898.75   | 5887.65  | 6490.45  | 637.4    | 637.4     | 648.8    |          |          |         |
+|           26 | Fe   | 6403.84   | 6390.84  | 7057.98  | 705.0    | 705.0     | 718.5    |          |          |         |
+|           27 | Co   | 6930.32   | 6915.30  | 7649.43  | 776.2    | 776.2     | 791.4    |          |          |         |
+|           28 | Ni   | 7478.15   | 7460.89  | 8264.66  | 851.5    | 851.5     | 868.8    |          |          |         |
+|           29 | Cu   | 8047.78   | 8027.83  | 8905.29  | 929.7    | 929.7     | 949.8    |          |          |         |
+|           30 | Zn   | 8638.86   | 8615.78  | 9572.0   | 1011.7   | 1011.7    | 1034.7   |          |          |         |
+|           31 | Ga   | 9251.74   | 9224.82  | 10264.2  | 1097.92  | 1097.92   | 1124.8   |          |          |         |
+|           32 | Ge   | 9886.42   | 9855.32  | 10982.1  | 1188.00  | 1188.00   | 1218.5   |          |          |         |
+|           33 | As   | 10543.72  | 10507.99 | 11726.2  | 1282.0   | 1282.0    | 1317.0   |          |          |         |
+|           34 | Se   | 11222.4   | 11181.4  | 12495.9  | 1379.10  | 1379.10   | 1419.23  |          |          |         |
+|           35 | Br   | 11924.2   | 11877.6  | 13291.4  | 1480.43  | 1480.43   | 1525.90  |          |          |         |
+|           36 | Kr   | 12649     | 12598    | 14112    | 1586.0   | 1586.0    | 1636.6   |          |          |         |
+|           37 | Rb   | 13395.3   | 13335.8  | 14961.3  | 1694.13  | 1692.56   | 1752.17  |          |          |         |
+|           38 | Sr   | 14165     | 14097.9  | 15835.7  | 1806.56  | 1804.74   | 1871.72  |          |          |         |
+|           39 | Y    | 14958.4   | 14882.9  | 16737.8  | 1922.56  | 1920.47   | 1995.84  |          |          |         |
+|           40 | Zr   | 15775.1   | 15690.9  | 17667.8  | 2042.36  | 2039.9    | 2124.4   | 2219.4   | 2302.7   |         |
+|           41 | Nb   | 16,615.1  | 16,521.0 | 18,622.5 | 2,165.89 | 2,163.0   | 2,257.4  | 2,367.0  | 2,461.8  |         |
+|           42 | Mo   | 17,479.34 | 17,374.3 | 19,608.3 | 2,293.16 | 2,289.85  | 2,394.81 | 2,518.3  | 2,623.5  |         |
+|           43 | Tc   | 18,367.1  | 18,250.8 | 20,619   | 2,424    | 2,420     | 2,538    | 2,674    | 2,792    |         |
+|           44 | Ru   | 19,279.2  | 19,150.4 | 21,656.8 | 2,558.55 | 2,554.31  | 2,683.23 | 2,836.0  | 2,964.5  |         |
+|           45 | Rh   | 20,216.1  | 20,073.7 | 22,723.6 | 2,696.74 | 2,692.05  | 2,834.41 | 3,001.3  | 3,143.8  |         |
+|           46 | Pd   | 21,177.1  | 21,020.1 | 23,818.7 | 2,838.61 | 2,833.29  | 2,990.22 | 3,171.79 | 3,328.7  |         |
+|           47 | Ag   | 22,162.92 | 21,990.3 | 24,942.4 | 2,984.31 | 2,978.21  | 3,150.94 | 3,347.81 | 3,519.59 |         |
+|           48 | Cd   | 23,173.6  | 22,984.1 | 26,095.5 | 3,133.73 | 3,126.91  | 3,316.57 | 3,528.12 | 3,716.86 |         |
+|           49 | In   | 24,209.7  | 24,002.0 | 27,275.9 | 3,286.94 | 3,279.29  | 3,487.21 | 3,713.81 | 3,920.81 |         |
+|           50 | Sn   | 25,271.3  | 25,044.0 | 28,486.0 | 3,443.98 | 3,435.42  | 3,662.80 | 3,904.86 | 4,131.12 |         |
+|           51 | Sb   | 26,359.1  | 26,110.8 | 29,725.6 | 3,604.72 | 3,595.32  | 3,843.57 | 4,100.78 | 4,347.79 |         |
+|           52 | Te   | 27,472.3  | 27,201.7 | 30,995.7 | 3,769.33 | 3,758.8   | 4,029.58 | 4,301.7  | 4,570.9  |         |
+|           53 | I    | 28,612.0  | 28,317.2 | 32,294.7 | 3,937.65 | 3,926.04  | 4,220.72 | 4,507.5  | 4,800.9  |         |
+|           54 | Xe   | 29,779    | 29,458   | 33,624   | 4,109.9  |           |          |          |          |         |
+|           55 | Cs   | 30,972.8  | 30,625.1 | 34,986.9 | 4,286.5  | 4,272.2   | 4,619.8  | 4,935.9  | 5,280.4  |         |
+|           56 | Ba   | 32,193.6  | 31,817.1 | 36,378.2 | 4,466.26 | 4,450.90  | 4,827.53 | 5,156.5  | 5,531.1  |         |
+|           57 | La   | 33,441.8  | 33,034.1 | 37,801.0 | 4,650.97 | 4,634.23  | 5,042.1  | 5,383.5  | 5,788.5  | 833     |
+|           58 | Ce   | 34,719.7  | 34,278.9 | 39,257.3 | 4,840.2  | 4,823.0   | 5,262.2  | 5,613.4  | 6,052    | 883     |
+|           59 | Pr   | 36,026.3  | 35,550.2 | 40,748.2 | 5,033.7  | 5,013.5   | 5,488.9  | 5,850    | 6,322.1  | 929     |
+|           60 | Nd   | 37,361.0  | 36,847.4 | 42,271.3 | 5,230.4  | 5,207.7   | 5,721.6  | 6,089.4  | 6,602.1  | 978     |
+|           61 | Pm   | 38,724.7  | 38,171.2 | 43,826   | 5,432.5  | 5,407.8   | 5,961    | 6,339    | 6,892    |         |
+|           62 | Sm   | 40,118.1  | 39,522.4 | 45,413   | 5,636.1  | 5,609.0   | 6,205.1  | 6,586    | 7,178    | 1,081   |
+|           63 | Eu   | 41,542.2  | 40,901.9 | 47,037.9 | 5,845.7  | 5,816.6   | 6,456.4  | 6,843.2  | 7,480.3  | 1,131   |
+|           64 | Gd   | 42,996.2  | 42,308.9 | 48,697   | 6,057.2  | 6,025.0   | 6,713.2  | 7,102.8  | 7,785.8  | 1,185   |
+|           65 | Tb   | 44,481.6  | 43,744.1 | 50,382   | 6,272.8  | 6,238.0   | 6,978    | 7,366.7  | 8,102    | 1,240   |
+|           66 | Dy   | 45,998.4  | 45,207.8 | 52,119   | 6,495.2  | 6,457.7   | 7,247.7  | 7,635.7  | 8,418.8  | 1,293   |
+|           67 | Ho   | 47,546.7  | 46,699.7 | 53,877   | 6,719.8  | 6,679.5   | 7,525.3  | 7,911    | 8,747    | 1,348   |
+|           68 | Er   | 49,127.7  | 48,221.1 | 55,681   | 6,948.7  | 6,905.0   | 7,810.9  | 8,189.0  | 9,089    | 1,406   |
+|           69 | Tm   | 50,741.6  | 49,772.6 | 57,517   | 7,179.9  | 7,133.1   | 8,101    | 8,468    | 9,426    | 1,462   |
+|           70 | Yb   | 52,388.9  | 51,354.0 | 59,370   | 7,415.6  | 7,367.3   | 8,401.8  | 8,758.8  | 9,780.1  | 1,521.4 |
+|           71 | Lu   | 54,069.8  | 52,965.0 | 61,283   | 7,655.5  | 7,604.9   | 8,709.0  | 9,048.9  | 10,143.4 | 1,581.3 |
+|           72 | Hf   | 55,790.2  | 54,611.4 | 63,234   | 7,899.0  | 7,844.6   | 9,022.7  | 9,347.3  | 10,515.8 | 1,644.6 |
+|           73 | Ta   | 57,532    | 56,277   | 65,223   | 8,146.1  | 8,087.9   | 9,343.1  | 9,651.8  | 10,895.2 | 1,710   |
+|           74 | W    | 59,318.24 | 57,981.7 | 67,244.3 | 8,397.6  | 8,335.2   | 9,672.35 | 9,961.5  | 11,285.9 | 1,775.4 |
+|           75 | Re   | 61,140.3  | 59,717.9 | 69,310   | 8,652.5  | 8,586.2   | 10,010.0 | 10,275.2 | 11,685.4 | 1,842.5 |
+|           76 | Os   | 63,000.5  | 61,486.7 | 71,413   | 8,911.7  | 8,841.0   | 10,355.3 | 10,598.5 | 12,095.3 | 1,910.2 |
+|           77 | Ir   | 64,895.6  | 63,286.7 | 73,560.8 | 9,175.1  | 9,099.5   | 10,708.3 | 10,920.3 | 12,512.6 | 1,979.9 |
+|           78 | Pt   | 66,832    | 65,112   | 75,748   | 9,442.3  | 9,361.8   | 11,070.7 | 11,250.5 | 12,942.0 | 2,050.5 |
+|           79 | Au   | 68,803.7  | 66,989.5 | 77,984   | 9,713.3  | 9,628.0   | 11,442.3 | 11,584.7 | 13,381.7 | 2,122.9 |
+|           80 | Hg   | 70,819    | 68,895   | 80,253   | 9,988.8  | 9,897.6   | 11,822.6 | 11,924.1 | 13,830.1 | 2,195.3 |
+|           81 | Tl   | 72,871.5  | 70,831.9 | 82,576   | 10,268.5 | 10,172.8  | 12,213.3 | 12,271.5 | 14,291.5 | 2,270.6 |
+|           82 | Pb   | 74,969.4  | 72,804.2 | 84,936   | 10,551.5 | 10,449.5  | 12,613.7 | 12,622.6 | 14,764.4 | 2,345.5 |
+|           83 | Bi   | 77,107.9  | 74,814.8 | 87,343   | 10,838.8 | 10,730.91 | 13,023.5 | 12,979.9 | 15,247.7 | 2,422.6 |
+|           84 | Po   | 79,290    | 76,862   | 89,800   | 11,130.8 | 11,015.8  | 13,447   | 13,340.4 | 15,744   |         |
+|           85 | At   | 81,520    | 78,950   | 92,300   | 11,426.8 | 11,304.8  | 13,876   |          | 16,251   |         |
+|           86 | Rn   | 83,780    | 81,070   | 94,870   | 11,727.0 | 11,597.9  | 14,316   |          | 16,770   |         |
+|           87 | Fr   | 86,100    | 83,230   | 97,470   | 12,031.3 | 11,895.0  | 14,770   | 14,450   | 17,303   |         |
+|           88 | Ra   | 88,470    | 85,430   | 100,130  | 12,339.7 | 12,196.2  | 15,235.8 | 14,841.4 | 17,849   |         |
+|           89 | Ac   | 90,884    | 87,670   | 102,850  | 12,652.0 | 12,500.8  | 15,713   |          | 18,408   |         |
+|           90 | Th   | 93,350    | 89,953   | 105,609  | 12,968.7 | 12,809.6  | 16,202.2 | 15,623.7 | 18,982.5 | 2,996.1 |
+|           91 | Pa   | 95,868    | 92,287   | 108,427  | 13,290.7 | 13,122.2  | 16,702   | 16,024   | 19,568   | 3,082.3 |
+|           92 | U    | 98,439    | 94,665   | 111,300  | 13,614.7 | 13,438.8  | 17,220.0 | 16,428.3 | 20,167.1 | 3,170.8 |
+|           93 | Np   |           |          |          | 13,944.1 | 13,759.7  | 17,750.2 | 16,840.0 | 20,784.8 |         |
+|           94 | Pu   |           |          |          | 14,278.6 | 14,084.2  | 18,293.7 | 17,255.3 | 21,417.3 |         |
+|           95 | Am   |           |          |          | 14,617.2 | 14,411.9  | 18,852.0 | 17,676.5 | 22,065.2 |         |
+
+
+
+* SEM SOP
+** Stopping the Microscope
+
+- Switch off the high voltage by clicking on the HV button in the Electron Beam panel.
+- Remove your samples from the microscope.
+- Pump the microscope.
+- Close the program (use Exit from the File menu) select the Switch off (the microscope) and exit (the application) option.
+- Wait until the VegaTC program closes itself. The microscope configuration will be automatically saved on the hard drive.
+- Shut down OS Windows in the usual way.
+- Turn the main switch to the left (OFF position).
+
+** Loading of the sample
+
+- Use only one gloved hand when handling samples and holders
+- Avoid letting the sample holder or any part of the sample exchange rod touch non-clean surfaces which may be contaminated with hand-oil
+- Never "blow on" or exhale on samples to dry them, use the IR lamp instead
+- Always make sure all screws are tight and that you always have a sure grip
+- Always ask if you have a question
+
+** Images at Low Magnification
+
+
+There are four factory presets for the accelerating voltage (5 kV, 10 kV, 20 kV, 30 kV), one
+for each HV index. The user does not need to make any further adjustments by switching
+among them and using magnification up to 4000x.
+
+Click on the PUMP button in the Vacuum panel to start the pumping procedure
+(Figure 2). It usually takes around 3 minutes to reach vacuum ready - status which
+means that the microscope is ready to use. If there is a need to exchange the
+specimen, follow the instructions in chapter 8.2.
+
+
+
+[[download:20240310-112336_screenshot.png]]
+
+In the SEM Detectors & Mixer panel select the appropriate detector from the list box
+(Figure 3). We recommend using the SE or BSE detector. When the BSE detector is
+used, make sure that the detector is not retracted! See chapter 6 for detailed infor-
+mation
+
+
+[[download:20240310-112456_screenshot.png]]
+
+
+
+[[download:20240310-112616_screenshot.png]]
+
+
+3. Select the accelerating voltage (30 kV recommended) using the combo box in the
+Electron Beam panel (Figure 5).
+4. Clicking on the HV button in the Electron Beam panel turns the high voltage on and
+starts the heating of the tungsten filament (see Figure 5).
+5. Right-click in the SEM Scanning window to open the menu and select the Minimum
+Magnification function (Figure 6)
+
+
+[[download:20240310-112645_screenshot.png]]
+
+
+[[download:20240310-112723_screenshot.png]]
+
+
+7 Select RESOLUTION mode (click on the Scan Mode function in the Info Panel (see
+Figure 10) and select RESOLUTION or use the Continual Wide Field option – switches
+automatically between WIDE FIELD and RESOLUTION mode and vice versa when
+increasing or decreasing magnification)
+
+Focus the image by clicking on the WD icon in the Toolbar and turning the
+Trackball from left to right (or vice versa). Alternatively use the Auto WD function for
+focusing (see Figure 6). Double-clicking (left mouse button) in the SEM Scanning
+window opens the Focus window. To remove the Focus window double-click
+anywhere in the SEM Scanning window.
+
+
+To select beam intensity (BI 10 recommended), first left-click on the BI icon
+on the Toolbar and then use the arrows in the Pad panel (Figure 8).
+
+
+
+[[download:20240310-113043_screenshot.png]]
+
+10. To select the sample position in the Stage Control panel, click on the appropriate
+number button on the carousel (Figure 9) or use the manual knobs in the case of the
+SB microscope type.
+11. Placing the cursor over the SEM Scanning window and clicking the mouse wheel
+moves that area on the stage into the centre of the image. See chapter 7.2 for other
+mouse actions.
+12. To magnify the image click on the Magnification icon on the Toolbar and turn
+the Trackball from left to right.
+13. Once the area of interest is magnified and focused as desired, right-click on the
+Speed icon on the Toolbar and select the appropriate scanning speed.
+14. Clicking on the Acquire button in the Info Panel (Figure 10) or on the icon
+on the Toolbar saves the image. Fill in the note, sign and description field
+if necessary. Choose a folder in which to store the image. To change the parameters
+of the image use the Image Parameters function in the main SEM menu
+
+
+[[download:20240310-113153_screenshot.png]]
+
+
+[[download:20240310-113251_screenshot.png]]
+
+5. Clicking on the icon opens the dialogue for saving the actual adjustment of the
+microscope. It is possible to restore the saved adjustment of the microscope later.
+
+** Images at High Magnification
+
+The best resolution is achieved at the highest accelerating voltage (30 kV) of the primary
+electrons.
+1. Insert an appropriate sample for high magnification images (e.g. tin on carbon
+sample, Figure 18).
+2. Select the fourth HV index using the combo box in the Electron Beam panel (20 kV -
+30 kV) and turn on the high voltage.
+3. Focus the image in RESOLUTION mode (click on the Scan Mode function in the Info
+Panel and select RESOLUTION or use the Continual Wide Field option).
+Note: Use the Degauss column function by means of the icon before changing WD&Z or WD. The image should remain in focus.
+
+Check the spot size, which is determined by the BI value. Right-click in the SEM
+Scanning window to select the optimum BI value – Auto BI OptiMag.
+5. For the best resolution, it is necessary to work at a short working distance (WD). The
+optimum WD is about 5 mm for the SE detector (in the case that the BSE is not
+mounted underneath the objective lens). For BSE images the optimum WD is about
+8.5 mm. To change the working distance together with Z-axis, without defocusing
+the image, use the WD&Z function in the Stage Control panel (Figure 15).
+
+WARNING: Moving the manipulator with the specimen can cause it to collide with other inner
+components of the microscope and can cause damage to the microscope. Control the
+movements of the manipulator by video camera imaging (open the Chamber View by clicking
+on the
+icon). The manipulator's movement can be stopped by clicking on the Stop
+button in the Stage Control panel (see Figure 15).
+
+
+[[download:20240310-113624_screenshot.png]]
+
+Gradually magnify and focus the image to achieve 10kx magnification. In the case
+that the image is moving during focusing, it is necessary to check the centering
+of the objective. Select the Manual Column Centering function using the combo box
+in the Electron Beam panel after clicking on the Adjustment >>> button (Figure 16).
+The Manual Centering Wizard window will appear (Figure 17). Clicking on the WOB
+button opens the Focus window in the SEM Scanning window. Click on the Next>>
+button to obtain the next instructions. The function of the centering has two adjust-
+able values. To be sure just one value is changing, hold down the F12 key to change
+only X movement at the Trackball, and the F11 key to change only Y movement.
+7. Each time that the image is too dark or light it is necessary to use the Auto Signal
+function (see Figure 6 or use the icon ). To set the contrast and brightness
+manually, click on the icon and use the Trackball.
+
+
+[[download:20240310-113731_screenshot.png]]
+
+
+
+[[download:20240310-113752_screenshot.png]]
+
+
+At higher magnifications (>10kx) it is necessary to check if astigmatism (Figure 18
+(a), (b)) is precisely corrected (Figure 18 (c)). To correct astigmatism click on the
+Stigmator function in the Info Panel (Figure 19). For precise correction use the Focus
+window (in the SEM Scanning window) and the F11 and F12 keys in the same way
+as in point 6.
+
+
+[[download:20240310-113907_screenshot.png]]
+
+
+9. Select the appropriate scanning speed and save the image.
+10. Clicking on the icon opens the dialog for saving the current adjustment of the
+microscope. It is possible to restore the saved adjustment of the microscope later.
+
+
+[[download:20240310-113937_screenshot.png]]
+
+
+** Specimen Exchange
+
+The specimen should somehow be fixed or glued to the specimen stub before it is inserted into the chamber. It is possible to use 12.5 mm specimen stubs or any other specimen holders, delivered as microscope accessories (see chapter 9.7).
+If the specimen is examined in high vacuum mode, it must be conductive or must be made conductive using one of the methods described in the technical information. The conductive surface of the specimen must be conductive contacted to the stub.
+Non-conductive samples can be investigated in low vacuum mode.
+Instructions:
+1. Vent the microscope by using the VENT button in the Vacuum panel. Wait until the pressure is at atmospheric level.
+2. Set the tilt of the specimen stage to zero.
+3. Open the chamber door by gently pulling it.
+4. The automatic positions set up in the Stage Control panel can be used, which are intended for specimen position exchange. To select the sample position click on the appropriate number button on the carousel. At this time the button background is red to indicate the specimen exchange mode.
diff --git a/vickers_microhardness/vickers_old.org b/vickers_microhardness/vickers_old.org
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a6a340..0000000
--- a/vickers_microhardness/vickers_old.org
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1392 +0,0 @@
-#+TITLE: Vicker's Hardness Testing
-#+FILETAGS: Vickers
-#+PROPERTY: header-args:bibtex  :tangle vickers.tex
-#+PROPERTY: header-args:bibtex  :exports bibtex
-
-
-Hardness is not a fundamental property of a material but is a measure of the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material - the less deformation, the harder the substance \footnote{The relationship between hardness and other properties will be discussed in the following sections}.  It is commonly used for quality assurance in industry, particularly to determine the success or failure of a particular heat treatment.
-
-# One way to drive home the idea that hardness is not a fundamental property is that you can't multiply or divide it by anything else. It does not have a physical meaning, despite being something that feels rather common sense. Might be more useful in a presentation tho
-
-The resistance to deformation is:
-H = F/A
-
-where F is the test force and A is the indentation surface
-
-
-Microhardness testing is ideal for precise sampling of a small region, for a very thin part, a soft sample, or a material with either hard or soft particles you wish to include or exclude from the field of measurement.
-The Knoop and Vickers indenters have different aspect ratios. Knoop indenters are elongated and better suited for more precise measurements of layers or for measurements at specific depths. Vickers indenters are more symmetric and better suited for particle hardness measurements.
-
-
-Vicker's indenter is a straight diamond pyramid (with a square
-base) with an angle between opposite faces of 136 degrees.
-
-This form of indenter form has a special advantage - if we assume that the test force and indentation surface are proportional to each other for a given material's hardness, the Vicker's hardness value is independent of the selected test force. In spite of this regularity, a test force independence occurs in most cases for small indentations, for reasons such as surface tension.
-
-
-* Relevant ASTM standards
-
-To be able to compare hardness values, the equipment, testing procedures, testing method, and evaluation must correspond to particular standards. The following ASTM standards describe the various hardness testing procedures. See Section 12.4.2 for more standards on hardness.
-
-Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines E 4
-Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials E 10
-Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials E 18
-Standard Test Method for Rapid Indentation Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials E 103
-Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Portable Hardness Testers E 110
-Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Between Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hard-ness and Scleroscope Hardness E 140
-Standard Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials E 448
-Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials E 384
-Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials E 92
-
-
-
-
-
-
-At Vickers hardness testing E 92 the distance between the center of the indenta-
-tion and the specimen edge and between the center of two indentations should be
-2.5d. When laminated material is tested, a bond surface shall be considered as an
-edge for spacing of indentation calculations.
-
-
-
-
-As the test force or indentation size, or both, decrease, the influence of the speci-
-men surface increases. A carefully smoothed and cleaned surface is sufficient when
-macro testing, but when micro testing, the specimen must be metallographically/
-materialographically prepared to remove any disruptive roughness or solidified sur-
-face layers. If smoothing and polishing are insufficient, the surface can be electrolyti-
-cally or chemically treated to have access to mechanically undisrupted areas. If
-individual structural constituents are to be tested, additional phase contrasting, for ex-
-ample by means of etching, is necessary.
-
-
-
-** NoAuthor2018 - Metallic Materials‐Vickers Hardness Test‐Verification and Calibration of Testing Machines
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: NoAuthor2018
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{NoAuthor2018,
-    journal={Metallic Materials‐Vickers Hardness Test‐Verification and Calibration of Testing Machines},
-    year={2018},
-    note={cited By 13},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-* Traditional methods
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Vickers_ImageAnalysis
-:END:
-
-Traditional simply means through image processing and not through machine learning, not old.
-
-id:Yao2006950
-id:Ji2009
-id:Coelho2015249
-id:Filho2010
-id:Gadermayr2011
-id:Gadermayr2012
-id:Maier2013
-id:Maier2012123967509
-id:Sugimoto1997696
-id:Zexian2021
-id:Gadermayr2012
-id:Maier2011295
-id:Fedotkin2021357
-id:Polanco2023
-id:Zhao2021
-id:Dominguez-Nicolas2021
-id:Yao2006950
-id:Ji2009
-id:Kang2010337
-id:Filho2010
-id:Gadermayr20127432
-id:Gadermayr2012
-id:Maier2012123967509
-id:Maier2013
-id:Gadermayr2011
-id:Gadermayr2012362
-id:Papari201179
-id:Coelho2015249
-id:Dominguez-Nicolas2018
-id:LimaMoreira2016294
-
-** Thresholding & Segmentation
-*** Gadermayr20127432 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on segmentation performance
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Gadermayr20127432
-:YEAR: 2012
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-
-@ARTICLE{Gadermayr20127432,
-author={Gadermayr, M and Maier, A and Uhl, A},
-title={The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on segmentation performance},
-journal={Advances in Visual Computing ISVC 2012 Lecture Notes Computer Science},
-year={2012},
-pages={7432},
-note={cited By 1},
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-** Otsu197962 - THRESHOLD SELECTION METHOD FROM GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAMS.
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Otsu197962
-:YEAR: 1979
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Otsu197962,
-author={Otsu, Nobuyuki},
-title={THRESHOLD SELECTION METHOD FROM GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAMS.},
-journal={IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern},
-year={1979},
-volume={SMC-9},
-number={1},
-pages={62-66},
-doi={10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076},
-note={cited By 31932},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-** AreaMap Operator
-*** Maier2012123967509 - The AreaMap operator and its application to Vickers hardness testing images
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Maier2012123967509
-:YEAR: 2012
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Maier2012123967509,
-author={Maier, A and Uhl, A},
-title={The AreaMap operator and its application to Vickers hardness testing images},
-journal={Int. J. Future Gener. Commun. Netw},
-year={2012},
-volume={5},
-pages={123967509},
-note={cited By 1},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Maier2013 - Areamap and Gabor filter based Vickers hardness indentation measurement
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Maier2013
-:YEAR: 2013
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@CONFERENCE{Maier2013,
-author={Maier, A. and Uhl, A.},
-title={Areamap and Gabor filter based Vickers hardness indentation measurement},
-journal={European Signal Processing Conference},
-year={2013},
-art_number={6811569},
-note={cited By 7},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-** Hough Transform and Line-based methods
-
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hough_transform
-
-id:Macedo2006287
-id:Mendes2003992
-
-
-*** [#A] Dominguez-Nicolas2021 - Algorithm for automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness using image processing
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Dominguez-Nicolas2021
-:YEAR: 2021
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Dominguez-Nicolas2021,
-author={Domínguez-Nicolas, S.M. and Herrera-May, A.L. and García-González, L. and Zamora-Peredo, L. and Hernández-Torres, J. and Martínez-Castillo, J. and Morales-González, E.A. and Cerón-Álvarez, C.A. and Escobar-Pérez, A.},
-title={Algorithm for automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness using image processing},
-year={2021},
-journal={Measurement Science and Technology},
-volume={32},
-number={1},
-doi={10.1088/1361-6501/abaa66},
-url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095813483&doi=10.1088%2f1361-6501%2fabaa66&partnerID=40&md5=845343f4d30261586943a8462c79efc2},
-abstract={In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for the automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness, using image processing. This algorithm uses image segmentation via binarization, automatically evaluating the mean and extreme gray values by means of standard histogram equalization so as to determine the optimal binarization threshold from each input image. We use a morphological filter and region growing to identify the indentation footprint. Our algorithm determines the four indentation vertices required to calculate diagonal lengths and Vickers hardness number. This algorithm is applied to 230 indentation images of steel-316 and hafnium nitride specimens, obtained using a micro hardness machine. The proposed algorithm can measure the Vickers hardness number of specimens using their indentation images. The algorithm results have a relative error of less than 3% with respect to those obtained through a conventional manual procedure. This algorithm can be used for indentation images with low contrast and irregular indentation edges. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK},
-author_keywords={Algorithm; Image processing; Indentation; Non-destructive testing; Vickers hardness},
-keywords={Edge detection; Elastic moduli; Hafnium compounds; Image segmentation; Microhardness; Vickers hardness; Automatic Detection; Binarization threshold; Hafnium nitrides; Histogram equalizations; Indentation edge; Morphological filters; Vickers hardness numbers; Vickers indentation; Indentation},
-type={Article},
-publication_stage={Final},
-source={Scopus},
-note={Cited by: 7}
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-
-id:Yao2006950
-id:Ji2009
-id:Kang2010337
-id:Filho2010
-id:Gadermayr20127432
-id:Gadermayr2012
-id:Maier2012123967509
-id:Maier2013
-id:Gadermayr2011
-id:Gadermayr2012362
-id:Papari201179
-id:Coelho2015249
-id:Dominguez-Nicolas2018
-id:LimaMoreira2016294
-
-*** [#A] Dominguez-Nicolas2018 - Indentation Image Analysis for Vickers Hardness Testing
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Dominguez-Nicolas2018
-:YEAR: 2018
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@CONFERENCE{Dominguez-Nicolas2018,
-author={Dominguez-Nicolas, Saul M. and Wiederhold, Petra},
-title={Indentation Image Analysis for Vickers Hardness Testing},
-year={2018},
-journal={2018 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control, CCE 2018},
-doi={10.1109/ICEEE.2018.8533881},
-url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058450690&doi=10.1109%2fICEEE.2018.8533881&partnerID=40&md5=c0246c530ebdd96633f00bcd79c00a05},
-abstract={The paper presents a novel algorithm for detection and measurement of indentations in Vickers hardness testing images, within a specific case of applied research on material quality evaluation based on image processing. The algorithm performs image segmentation by binarization, morphological filtering, and region growing, where the binarization threshold is automatically obtained from the input image. After identification of the rhombus shaped indentation footprint, its four vertices are determined using corner detection, which are used to calculate the diagonal lengths and the Vickers hardness number. The proposed procedure has been tested on 185 images of real data obtained by the micro hardness machine Mitutoyo HM-124, mostly from Steel-316 specimens, but also from Hafnium Nitride. Test images include specular-polished and rough surfaces, specimen with artifacts or imperfections, indentations with deformed or damaged edges, and low contrast images. Ground true diagonal lengths obtained in the conventional manual manner by an expert were compared with the results determined by our method. The proposed method achieves competitive accuracy compared to the best known methods, but it is simpler and hence more efficient. © 2018 IEEE.},
-author_keywords={Indentation image; Indentation vertex; Vickers hardness number; Vickers hardness test},
-keywords={Automation; Edge detection; Elastic moduli; Hafnium compounds; Image segmentation; Microhardness; Process control; Vickers hardness; Vickers hardness testing; Applied research; Binarization threshold; Corner detection; Hafnium nitrides; Low contrast image; Material quality; Morphological filtering; Vickers hardness numbers; Indentation},
-type={Conference paper},
-publication_stage={Final},
-source={Scopus},
-note={Cited by: 9}
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-
-*** Gadermayr2012 - Robust algorithm for automated microindentation measurement in Vickers hardness testing
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Gadermayr2012
-  :YEAR: 2012
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012,
-    author={Gadermayr, M. and Maier, A. and Uhl, A.},
-    title={Robust algorithm for automated microindentation measurement in Vickers hardness testing},
-    journal={Journal of Electronic Imaging},
-    year={2012},
-    volume={21},
-    number={2},
-    doi={10.1117/1.JEI.21.2.021109},
-    art_number={021109},
-    note={cited By 12},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-*** Maier2011295 - Robust automatic indentation localisation and size approximation for Vickers microindentation hardness indentations
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Maier2011295
-  :YEAR: 2011
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @CONFERENCE{Maier2011295,
-    author={Maier, A. and Uhl, A.},
-    title={Robust automatic indentation localisation and size approximation for Vickers microindentation hardness indentations},
-    journal={ISPA 2011 - 7th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis},
-    year={2011},
-    pages={295-300},
-    art_number={6046622},
-    note={cited By 12},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-*** Macedo2006287 - Using Hough transform as an auxiliary technique for Vickers hardness measurement
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Macedo2006287
-:YEAR: 2006
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Macedo2006287,
-author={Macedo, M. and Mendes, V.B. and Conci, A. and Leta, F.R.},
-title={Using hough transform as an auxiliary technique for vickers hardness measurement},
-journal={Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processin (IWSSIP'06)},
-year={2006},
-pages={287-290},
-note={cited By 12},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Mendes2003992 - Automatic measurement of Brinell and Vickers hardness using computer vision techniques
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Mendes2003992
-:YEAR: 2003
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Mendes2003992,
-author={Mendes, V. and Leta, F.},
-title={Automatic measurement of Brinell and Vickers hardness using computer vision techniques},
-journal={Proceedings of the XVII IMEKO World Congress},
-year={2003},
-pages={992-995},
-note={cited By 16},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Yao2006950 - A hardness measuring method based on Hough fuzzy vertex detection algorithm
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Yao2006950
-:YEAR: 2006
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Yao2006950,
-author={Yao, L. and Fang, C.-H.},
-title={A hardness measuring method based on Hough fuzzy vertex detection algorithm},
-journal={IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics},
-year={2006},
-volume={53},
-number={3},
-pages={950-962},
-doi={10.1109/TIE.2006.874259},
-note={cited By 19},
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Papari201179 - Edge and line oriented contour detection: State of the art
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Papari201179
-:YEAR: 2011
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Papari201179,
-author={Papari, G. and Petkov, N.},
-title={Edge and line oriented contour detection: State of the art},
-journal={Image and Vision Computing},
-year={2011},
-volume={29},
-number={2-3},
-pages={79-103},
-doi={10.1016/j.imavis.2010.08.009},
-note={cited By 310},
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Ji2009 - A new method for automatically measurement of Vickers hardness using thick line Hough transform and least square method
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Ji2009
-:YEAR: 2009
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@CONFERENCE{Ji2009,
-author={Ji, Y. and Xu, A.},
-title={A new method for automatically measurement of Vickers hardness using thick line Hough transform and least square method},
-journal={Proceedings of the 2009 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, CISP'09},
-year={2009},
-doi={10.1109/CISP.2009.5305653},
-art_number={5305653},
-note={cited By 21},
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Zexian2021 - A Novel coarse-to-fine Localization Algorithm for Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Zexian2021
-  :YEAR: 2021
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @CONFERENCE{Zexian2021,
-    author={Zexian, L. and Feng, Y.},
-    title={A Novel coarse-to-fine Localization Algorithm for Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement},
-    journal={Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
-    year={2021},
-    volume={1996},
-    number={1},
-    doi={10.1088/1742-6596/1996/1/012001},
-    art_number={012001},
-    note={cited By 3},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-*** Fedotkin2021357 - Automatic Processing of Microhardness Images Using Computer Vision Methods
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Fedotkin2021357
-  :YEAR: 2021
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Fedotkin2021357,
-  author={Fedotkin, A.P. and Laktionov, I.V. and Kravchuk, K.S. and Maslenikov, I.I. and Useinov, A.S.},
-  title={Automatic Processing of Microhardness Images Using Computer Vision Methods},
-  journal={Instruments and Experimental Techniques},
-  year={2021},
-  volume={64},
-  number={3},
-  pages={357-362},
-  doi={10.1134/S0020441221030180},
-  note={cited By 5},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** Active Contour Detection
-
-id:Chan2001266
-id:Cohen1991211
-id:Gadermayr20131183
-
-*** Chan2001266 - Active contours without edges
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Chan2001266
-:YEAR: 2001
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Chan2001266,
-author={Chan, T.F. and Vese, L.A.},
-title={Active contours without edges},
-journal={IEEE Transactions on Image Processing},
-year={2001},
-volume={10},
-number={2},
-pages={266-277},
-doi={10.1109/83.902291},
-note={cited By 9291},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Cohen1991211 - On active contour models and balloons
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Cohen1991211
-:YEAR: 1991
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Cohen1991211,
-author={Cohen, L.D.},
-title={On active contour models and balloons},
-journal={CVGIP: Image Understanding},
-year={1991},
-volume={53},
-number={2},
-pages={211-218},
-doi={10.1016/1049-9660(91)90028-N},
-note={cited By 1828},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** [#A] LimaMoreira2016294 - A novel Vickers hardness measurement technique based on Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: LimaMoreira2016294
-  :YEAR: 2016
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{LimaMoreira2016294,
-    author = {Lima Moreira, Francisco Diego and Kleinberg, Maurício Nunes and Arruda, Hemerson Furtado and Costa Freitas, Francisco Nélio and Valente Parente, Marcelo Monteiro and De Albuquerque, Victor Hugo Costa and Rebouças Filho, Pedro Pedrosa},
-    title = {A novel Vickers hardness measurement technique based on Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method},
-    year = {2016},
-    journal = {Expert Systems with Applications},
-    volume = {45},
-    pages = {294 – 306},
-    doi = {10.1016/j.eswa.2015.09.025},
-    url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946234376&doi=10.1016%2fj.eswa.2015.09.025&partnerID=40&md5=db1918b7a7f7a4e31a52b0837821fa93},
-    abstract = {Among the forms of assessment of materials to use in a particular application there is the measuring systems of Vickers hardness. This measurement is performed manually by experts, being very interpretative and subjective, which usually leads to variability of the Vickers hardness value between observers and even for the same observer. The experience of the skilled in measurement will determine if the material can be used for an application or not. There are some works use traditional methods to perform the measurement of Vickers hardness for Digital Image Processing (DIP). This work's main objective has been to propose a new methodology capable of determining the Vickers Hardness testing values from indentation images by using the Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Methods. The results of the hardness measurement using the Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method (ABACM) were significant compared to other methods, by observing the MSE obtained from the measured Vickers hardness, the value by obtained ABACM method is three times lower than the Region Growing method, and five times lower than Watershed method. In addition, the measurement method was carried out in 1.2 ± 0.3 s. The proposed method stands out for not requiring pre-processing and post-processing steps, because its mathematical formulation is robust to noise in this application. It is worth highlighting que Significantly cam close to the two specialists, Demonstrating que can be used to aid in measuring the Vickers hardness. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
-    author_keywords = {Active Contour Method; Adaptive Balloon; Image segmentation; Vickers hardness},
-    keywords = {Balloons; Image processing; Image segmentation; Vickers hardness testing; Active contour method; Digital image processing (DIP); Hardness measurement; Mathematical formulation; Measurement methods; Measuring systems; Region growing methods; Vickers hardness measurements; Vickers hardness},
-    type = {Article},
-    publication_stage = {Final},
-    source = {Scopus},
-    note = {Cited by: 31}
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-*** [#A] Gadermayr20131183 - Active contours methods with respect to Vickers indentations
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Gadermayr20131183
-  :YEAR: 2013
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Gadermayr20131183,
-    author = {Gadermayr, Michael and Maier, Andreas and Uhl, Andreas},
-    title = {Active contours methods with respect to Vickers indentations},
-    year = {2013},
-    journal = {Machine Vision and Applications},
-    volume = {24},
-    number = {6},
-    pages = {1183 – 1196},
-    doi = {10.1007/s00138-012-0478-5},
-    url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880824940&doi=10.1007%2fs00138-012-0478-5&partnerID=40&md5=7eae8fca4224ccd8fffb1e0ba41c7d93},
-    abstract = {We investigate different Vickers indentation segmentation methods and especially concentrate on active contours approaches as these techniques are known to be precise state of the art segmentation methods. Particularly, different kinds of level set-based methods which are improvements of the traditional active contours are analyzed. In order to circumvent the initialization problem of active contours, we separate the segmentation process into two stages. For the first stage, we introduce an approach which approximately locates the indentations with a high certainty. The results achieved with this method serve as initializations for the precise active contours (second stage). This two-stage approach delivers highly precise results for most real world indentation images. However, there are images, which are very difficult to segment. To handle even such images, our segmentation method is incorporated with the Shape from Focus approach, by including 3D information. In order to decrease the overall runtime, moreover, a gradual enhancement approach based on unfocused images is introduced. With three different databases, we compare the proposed methods and we show that the segmentation accuracy of these methods is highly competitive compared with other approaches in the literature. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
-    author_keywords = {Active contours; Focus; Shape Prior; Vickers},
-    keywords = {Focusing; Indentation; Numerical methods; Active contours; Initialization Problem; Segmentation accuracy; Segmentation methods; Segmentation process; Shape priors; Two-stage approaches; Vickers; Image segmentation},
-    type = {Article},
-    publication_stage = {Final},
-    source = {Scopus},
-    note = {Cited by: 10}
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-id:Gadermayr2012
-id:Gadermayr2011
-id:Maier2011295
-id:Nayar1992302
-id:Harada2010492
-id:Osher198812
-id:Cremers2007195
-
-*** Osher198812 - Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Osher198812
-:YEAR: 1988
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-
-@ARTICLE{Osher198812,
-author={Osher, S. and Sethian, J.A.},
-title={Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations},
-journal={Journal of Computational Physics},
-year={1988},
-volume={79},
-number={1},
-pages={12-49},
-doi={10.1016/0021-9991(88)90002-2},
-note={cited By 11814},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-** Depth/Shape through focus
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Vickers_ShapeFocus
-:END:
-
-id:Gadermayr2012468 claims that use of Shape-from-Focus information is advantageos in images where traditional methods decrease.
-
-id:Gadermayr2012149
-id:Gadermayr2012468
-id:Gadermayr20131183
-id:Nayar1992302
-id:Harada2010492
-id:Cremers2007195
-id:Zhao2021
-
-
-
-*** [#A] Gadermayr2012149 - Image segmentation of vickers indentations using shape from focus
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Gadermayr2012149
-:YEAR: 2012
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012149,
-author={Gadermayr, Michael and Uhl, Andreas},
-title={Image segmentation of vickers indentations using shape from focus},
-year={2012},
-journal={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)},
-volume={7324 LNCS},
-number={PART 1},
-pages={149–157},
-doi={10.1007/978-3-642-31295-3_18},
-url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864128731&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-31295-3_18&partnerID=40&md5=7adb00f5fd3df6de04ae8cf17e3e478f},
-abstract={To measure the hardness of a material, an indenter is pressed into the material and the deformation is measured. As we focus on Vickers hardness testing, our exercise is to compute the diagonal lengths of a square indentation. We especially investigate if it is possible to reconstruct the shape of the indentation by the use of the Shape-from-Focus method. We show that the shape information alone does not contain enough information for a robust segmentation. However, we incorporate the depth information into an effective existing approach and achieve significantly better results. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.},
-keywords={Image analysis; Image segmentation; Vickers hardness testing; Depth information; Indenters; Robust segmentation; Shape from focus; Shape information; Vickers indentation; Indentation},
-type={Conference paper},
-publication_stage={Final},
-source={Scopus},
-note={Cited by: 2}
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** [#A] Gadermayr2012468 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on the segmentation performance
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Gadermayr2012468
-  :YEAR: 2012
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012468,
-    author = {Gadermayr, Michael and Maier, Andreas and Uhl, Andreas},
-    title = {The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on the segmentation performance},
-    year = {2012},
-    journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)},
-    volume = {7432 LNCS},
-    number = {PART 2},
-    pages = {468 – 478},
-    doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-33191-6_46},
-    url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866707751&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-33191-6_46&partnerID=40&md5=e296307bc7cb04a2677e812877b0867e},
-    abstract = {Whereas common Vickers indentation segmentation algorithms are precise with high quality images, low quality images often cannot be segmented appropriately. We investigate an approach, where unfocused images are segmented. On the one hand, the segmentation accuracy of low quality images can be improved. On the other hand we aim in reducing the overall runtime of the hardness testing method. We introduce one approach based on single unfocused images and one gradual enhancement approach based on image series. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.},
-    keywords = {Artificial intelligence; High quality images; Image series; Low qualities; Runtimes; Segmentation accuracy; Segmentation algorithms; Segmentation performance; Vickers indentation; Image segmentation},
-    type = {Conference paper},
-    publication_stage = {Final},
-    source = {Scopus},
-    note = {Cited by: 2}
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-*** [#A] Gadermayr2012362 - Dual-resolution active contours segmentation of vickers indentation images with shape prior initialization
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Gadermayr2012362
-  :YEAR: 2012
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012362,
-    author = {Gadermayr, Michael and Uhl, Andreas},
-    title = {Dual-resolution active contours segmentation of vickers indentation images with shape prior initialization},
-    year = {2012},
-    journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)},
-    volume = {7340 LNCS},
-    pages = {362 – 369},
-    doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-31254-0_41},
-    url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865682634&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-31254-0_41&partnerID=40&md5=25ee8d6f32287c4d6d1b1105e04e4a1d},
-    abstract = {Vickers microindentation imagery is segmented using the Chan-Vese level-set approach. In order to find a suitable initialization, we propose to apply a Shape-Prior gradient descent approach to a significantly resolution-reduced image. Subsequent local Hough transform leads to a very high accuracy of the overall approach. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.},
-    keywords = {Hough transforms; Signal processing; Active contours; Gradient descent; Level set approach; Shape priors; Vickers indentation; Vickers microindentation; Image segmentation},
-    type = {Conference paper},
-    publication_stage = {Final},
-    source = {Scopus},
-    note = {Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access}
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-id:Gadermayr2011
-id:Maier2011295
-id:Ji2009
-id:Yao2006950
-id:Sugimoto1997696
-id:Osher198812
-id:Cremers2007195
-
-
-id:Macedo2006287
-id:Mendes2003992
-
-id:Chan2001266
-id:Cohen1991211
-
-*** Nayar1992302 - Shape from focus system
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Nayar1992302
-:YEAR: 1992
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@CONFERENCE{Nayar1992302,
-author={Nayar, S.K.},
-title={Shape from focus system},
-journal={Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
-year={1992},
-volume={1992-June},
-pages={302-308},
-doi={10.1109/CVPR.1992.223259},
-art_number={223259},
-note={cited By 100},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Harada2010492 - Robust method for position measurement of vertex of polyhedron using shape from focus
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Harada2010492
-:YEAR: 2010
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Harada2010492,
-author={Harada, T.},
-title={Robust method for position measurement of vertex of polyhedron using shape from focus},
-journal={Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems and Manufacturing},
-year={2010},
-volume={4},
-number={2},
-pages={492-503},
-doi={10.1299/jamdsm.4.492},
-note={cited By 1},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Cremers2007195 - A review of statistical approaches to level set segmentation: Integrating color, texture, motion and shape
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Cremers2007195
-:YEAR: 2007
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-
-@ARTICLE{Cremers2007195,
-author={Cremers, D. and Rousson, M. and Deriche, R.},
-title={A review of statistical approaches to level set segmentation: Integrating color, texture, motion and shape},
-journal={International Journal of Computer Vision},
-year={2007},
-volume={72},
-number={2},
-pages={195-215},
-doi={10.1007/s11263-006-8711-1},
-note={cited By 856},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-
-
-*** Zhao2021 - Automatic and Accurate Measurement of Microhardness Profile Based on Image Processing
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Zhao2021
-  :YEAR: 2021
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Zhao2021,
-  author={Zhao, Y.J. and Xu, W.H. and Xi, C.Z. and Liang, D.T. and Li, H.N.},
-  title={Automatic and Accurate Measurement of Microhardness Profile Based on Image Processing},
-  journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement},
-  year={2021},
-  volume={70},
-  doi={10.1109/TIM.2021.3067191},
-  art_number={9381729},
-  note={cited By 26},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-
-*** Focus Assessment
-
-**** Maier2012 - Efficient focus assessment for a computer vision-based Vickers hardness measurement system
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Maier2012
-:YEAR: 2012
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Maier2012,
-author={Maier, A. and Niederbrucker, G. and Stenger, S. and Uhl, A.},
-title={Efficient focus assessment for a computer vision-based Vickers hardness measurement system},
-journal={Journal of Electronic Imaging},
-year={2012},
-volume={21},
-number={2},
-doi={10.1117/1.JEI.21.2.021114},
-art_number={021114},
-note={cited By 9},
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-** Texture-based
-*** [#A] Wang2009624 - Application of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices algorithm in material vickers hardness image segmentation
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Wang2009624
-  :YEAR: 2009
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @CONFERENCE{Wang2009624,
-    author = {Wang, Guitang and Zhu, Jianlin and Cao, Peiliang},
-    title = {Application of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices algorithm in material vickers hardness image segmentation},
-    year = {2009},
-    journal = {3rd International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application, IITA 2009},
-    volume = {3},
-    pages = {624 – 627},
-    url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77649306252&doi=10.1109%2fIITA.2009.167&partnerID=40&md5=4849475b47bfd9d8908ace4918e28070},
-    abstract = {The algorithm of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices is proposed and is applied to material Vickers hardness image segmentation. Based on the characteristics of the indentation images, this article uses texture features to extract the indentation silhouette from the point view of texture segmentation. We adopt fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrix algorithm to describe the texture characteristics of the indentation image, forming a n-dimensional feature vector, introducing EPNSQ to smooth the features. Finally we combine with the k-means clustering algorithm to get texture segmentation result. The experiment demonstrates that in the material Vickers hardness image segmentation the proposed algorithm was significantly effective and robust. © 2009 IEEE.},
-    author_keywords = {Co-occurrence matrices; Fractal dimension; K-means clustering; Textural segmentation; Vickers hardness indentation},
-    keywords = {Cobalt compounds; Digital image storage; Feature extraction; Fractal dimension; Image segmentation; Information technology; Partial discharges; Textures; Vickers hardness; Vickers hardness testing; Water supply systems; Co-occurrence matrices; Co-occurrence-matrix; K-means clustering; Textural segmentation; Vickers hardness indentation; Clustering algorithms},
-    type = {Conference paper},
-    publication_stage = {Final},
-    source = {Scopus},
-    note = {Cited by: 1}
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-*** [#A] Wang2012451 - Unsupervised texture segmentation based on redundant wavelet transform
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Wang2012451
-  :YEAR: 2012
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Wang2012451,
-    author = {Wang, Guitang and Liu, Wenjuan and Wang, Ruihuang and Huang, Xiaowu and Wang, Feng},
-    title = {Unsupervised texture segmentation based on redundant wavelet transform},
-    year = {2012},
-    journal = {Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing},
-    volume = {116 AISC},
-    number = {VOL. 1},
-    pages = {451 – 456},
-    doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-11276-8_59},
-    url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862107805&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-11276-8_59&partnerID=40&md5=095db16f45c7e484bf58140a5f052ee5},
-    abstract = {The algorithm of Redundant Wavelet Transform (RWT) and laws texture measurement is proposed and applied to image segmentation. Based on the characteristics of the indentation images, this article uses texture features to extract the indentation silhouette from the point view of texture segmentation. We adopt Redundant Wavelet Transform and laws texture measurement algorithm to describe the texture characteristics of the indentation image, forming a n-dimensional feature vector, introducing texture features smoothing algorithm based on quadrant to smooth the features. Finally we combine with the improved k-means clustering algorithm to get texture segmentation result. The experiment demonstrates that in the material Vickers hardness image segmentation the proposed algorithm was significantly effective and robust. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
-    author_keywords = {improved k-means clustering algorithm; laws texture measurement; RWT; Texture segmentation},
-    keywords = {Algorithms; Image texture; Textures; Wavelet transforms; Feature vectors; K-Means clustering algorithm; Redundant wavelet transform; RWT; Smoothing algorithms; Texture characteristics; Texture features; Texture measurement; Texture segmentation; Unsupervised texture segmentation; Image segmentation},
-    type = {Conference paper},
-    publication_stage = {Final},
-    source = {Scopus},
-    note = {Cited by: 0}
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-
-** Misc
-*** [#A] Filho2010 - Brinell and Vickers hardness measurement using image processing and analysis techniques
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Filho2010
-  :YEAR: 2010
-  :END:
-
-file:Filho2010.pdf
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Filho2010,
-    author = {Filho, Pedro Pedrosa Rebouças and Da Silveira Cavalcante, Tarique and De Albuquerque, Victor Hugo C. and Tavares, João Manuel R. S.},
-    title = {Brinell and Vickers hardness measurement using image processing and analysis techniques},
-    year = {2010},
-    journal = {Journal of Testing and Evaluation},
-    volume = {38},
-    number = {1},
-    doi = {10.1520/JTE102220},
-    url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953261780&doi=10.1520%2fJTE102220&partnerID=40&md5=aa15ade4858326835c57be5e43afef81},
-    abstract = {Mechanical hardness testing is fundamental in the evaluation of the mechanical properties of metallic materials due to the fact that the hardness values allow one to determine the wear resistance of the material involved, as well as the approximate values of its ductility and flow tension, among a number of other key characteristics. As a result, the main objective of the present work has been the development and analysis of a computational methodology capable of determining the Brinell and Vickers hardness values from hardness indentation images, which are based on image processing and analysis algorithms. In order to validate the methodology that has been developed, comparisons of the results resulting from the consideration of ten indentation image samples obtained through the conventional manual hardness measurement approach and a computational methodology have been carried out. This analysis allows one to conclude that the semi-automatic measurement of Vickers and Brinell hardnesses by the computational approach is easier, faster, and less dependent on the operator's subjectivity. Copyright © 2010 by ASTM International.},
-    author_keywords = {Computational system; Computational vision; Histogram binarization; Image segmentation; Indentation images; Manual hardness measurement; Region growing; Testing and evaluation},
-    keywords = {Digital image storage; Graphic methods; Image segmentation; Imaging systems; Materials properties; Materials testing; Mathematical operators; Mechanical properties; Vickers hardness; Vickers hardness testing; Wear resistance; Binarizations; Computational system; Computational vision; Hardness measurement; Histogram binarization; Region growing; Testing and evaluation; Measurements},
-    type = {Article},
-    publication_stage = {Final},
-    source = {Scopus},
-    note = {Cited by: 37}
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-
-*** Gadermayr2011 - Algorithms for microindentation measurement in automated Vickers hardness testing
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Gadermayr2011
-:YEAR: 2011
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@CONFERENCE{Gadermayr2011,
-author={Gadermayr, M. and Maier, A. and Uhl, A.},
-title={Algorithms for microindentation measurement in automated Vickers hardness testing},
-journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
-year={2011},
-volume={8000},
-doi={10.1117/12.890894},
-art_number={80000M},
-note={cited By 14},
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-*** Coelho2015249 - Automatic vickers microhardness measurement based on image analysis
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Coelho2015249
-:YEAR: 2015
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@CONFERENCE{Coelho2015249,
-author={Coelho, B.N. and Guarda, A. and Faria, G.L. and Menotti, D.},
-title={Automatic vickers microhardness measurement based on image analysis},
-journal={Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, IPCV 2015},
-year={2015},
-pages={249-255},
-note={cited By 5},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-** Polanco2023 - Automatic Method for Vickers Hardness Estimation by Image Processing
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Polanco2023
-  :YEAR: 2023
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Polanco2023,
-  author={Polanco, J.D. and Jacanamejoy-Jamioy, C. and Mambuscay, C.L. and Piamba, J.F. and Forero, M.G.},
-  title={Automatic Method for Vickers Hardness Estimation by Image Processing},
-  journal={Journal of Imaging},
-  year={2023},
-  volume={9},
-  number={1},
-  doi={10.3390/jimaging9010008},
-  art_number={8},
-  note={cited By 3},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-* Propagation of Error
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Vickers_PropagationOfError
-:END:
-
-id:Gontarski2022
-id:Dijmarescu2020
-id:Elizabeth2019317
-
-
-
-** Gontarski2022 - Weightings on the Propagation of Errors in the Vickers Hardness Parameters
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Gontarski2022
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Gontarski2022,
-    author={Gontarski, T.L. and Leal, A.P. and Casali, R.M. and Braun, S.E. and Soares, P. and Fujarra, A.L.C. and Mikowski, A.},
-    title={Weightings on the Propagation of Errors in the Vickers Hardness Parameters},
-    journal={Brazilian Journal of Physics},
-    year={2022},
-    volume={52},
-    number={4},
-    doi={10.1007/s13538-022-01110-x},
-    art_number={107},
-    note={cited By 2},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** Dijmarescu2020 - Design and Development of a Software for the Estimation of the Vickers Hardness Measurement Uncertainty
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Dijmarescu2020
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @CONFERENCE{Dijmarescu2020,
-    author={Dijmarescu, M.C. and Dijmarescu, M.R.},
-    title={Design and Development of a Software for the Estimation of the Vickers Hardness Measurement Uncertainty},
-    journal={IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering},
-    year={2020},
-    volume={916},
-    number={1},
-    doi={10.1088/1757-899X/916/1/012026},
-    art_number={012026},
-    note={cited By 3},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** Elizabeth2019317 - Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation in Vickers Hardness Scale Using Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and Monte Carlo Simulation
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Elizabeth2019317
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Elizabeth2019317,
-    author={Elizabeth, I. and Kumar, R. and Garg, N. and Asif, M. and Manikandan, R.M. and Girish and Titus, S.S.K.},
-    title={Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation in Vickers Hardness Scale Using Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and Monte Carlo Simulation},
-    journal={Mapan - Journal of Metrology Society of India},
-    year={2019},
-    volume={34},
-    number={3},
-    pages={317-323},
-    doi={10.1007/s12647-019-00341-9},
-    note={cited By 9},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-* Vickers using Machine learning
-
-** [#A] Li20241 - Lightweight Segmentation Neural Networks for Measuring Vickers Hardness
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Li20241
-:YEAR: 2024
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Li20241,
-author={Li, Zexian and Cai, Chenglin and Yin, Feng and Guan, Wenhui and Fang, Yun},
-title={Lightweight Segmentation Neural Networks for Measuring Vickers Hardness},
-year={2024},
-journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement},
-volume={73},
-pages={1–9},
-doi={10.1109/TIM.2023.3343788},
-url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182355288&doi=10.1109%2fTIM.2023.3343788&partnerID=40&md5=61e46553223ac203e083bfb1caa97d9f},
-abstract={— The automatic measurement algorithm for Vickers hardness indentation has been widely applied. Among these, the neural network-based method has received attention for its excellent segmentation performance. However, high storage space and computation requirements hinder its promotion on edge computing devices. To address this issue, this study proposes two lightweight Vickers indentation segmentation networks: VSNLite4M and VSNLite1M. Compared with previous methods, the proposed networks achieve a reduction of 35.2× in terms of computational cost with up to 38× fewer parameters, while maintaining the same level of segmentation accuracy. © 2023 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.},
-author_keywords={Automatic measurement; hardness testing; image segmentation; neural network; Vicker hardness},
-keywords={Edge computing; Feature extraction; Image segmentation; Job analysis; Vickers hardness; Automatic measurements; Convolutional neural network; Edge computing; Features extraction; Images segmentations; Length measurement; Neural-networks; Task analysis; Vicker hardness; Neural networks},
-type={Article},
-publication_stage={Final},
-source={Scopus},
-note={Cited by: 0}
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-id:Li2021
-id:LimaMoreira2016294
-id:Dominguez-Nicolas2021
-id:Dominguez-Nicolas2018
-id:Gadermayr20131183
-id:Zexian2021
-id:NoAuthor2005
-id:Gadermayr2012
-id:Dijmarescu2020
-id:Elizabeth2019317
-id:Baldner2020265
-id:Maier2011295
-id:Fedotkin2021357
-id:Polanco2023
-id:Zhao2021
-id:Tanaka2018
-id:Tanaka20201345
-id:Chen20221043
-id:Tanaka2019
-id:Cheng2022
-id:Dovale-Farelo2022
-id:Jalilian20213
-id:Cai2023
-# id:Lin20175168
-# id:Qin2020
-# id:Valanarasu2022
-# id:Howard20191314
-# id:Mehta0000
-# id:He2016770
-# id:Sandler20184510
-# id:Srinivas202116514
-# id:Zhou2020680
-# id:He2016630
-# id:Dogan2022
-# id:Liang2020
-# id:Li20194277
-# id:Bloice20194522
-# id:Buslaev2020
-# id:Gontarski2022
-# id:NoAuthor2018
-
-** Chen20221043 - Automatic Measurement Algorithm for Brinell Indentations Based on Convolutional Neural Network
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Chen20221043
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Chen20221043,
-  author={Chen, Y. and Fang, Q. and Tian, H. and Li, S. and Song, Z. and Li, J.},
-  title={Automatic Measurement Algorithm for Brinell Indentations Based on Convolutional Neural Network},
-  journal={Sensors and Materials},
-  year={2022},
-  volume={34},
-  number={3},
-  pages={1043-1056},
-  doi={10.18494/SAM3780},
-  note={cited By 2},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** Tanaka2019 - Measuring Brinell hardness indentation by using a convolutional neural network
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Tanaka2019
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Tanaka2019,
-  author={Tanaka, Y. and Seino, Y. and Hattori, K.},
-  title={Measuring Brinell hardness indentation by using a convolutional neural network},
-  journal={Measurement Science and Technology},
-  year={2019},
-  volume={30},
-  number={6},
-  doi={10.1088/1361-6501/ab150f},
-  art_number={065012},
-  note={cited By 12},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** Cheng2022 - Vickers Hardness Value Test via Multi-Task Learning Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Augmentation
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Cheng2022
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Cheng2022,
-  author={Cheng, W.-S. and Chen, G.-Y. and Shih, X.-Y. and Elsisi, M. and Tsai, M.-H. and Dai, H.-J.},
-  title={Vickers Hardness Value Test via Multi-Task Learning Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Augmentation},
-  journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
-  year={2022},
-  volume={12},
-  number={21},
-  doi={10.3390/app122110820},
-  art_number={10820},
-  note={cited By 12},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** Dovale-Farelo2022 - Vickers hardness prediction from machine learning methods
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Dovale-Farelo2022
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Dovale-Farelo2022,
-  author={Dovale-Farelo, V. and Tavadze, P. and Lang, L. and Bautista-Hernandez, A. and Romero, A.H.},
-  title={Vickers hardness prediction from machine learning methods},
-  journal={Scientific Reports},
-  year={2022},
-  volume={12},
-  number={1},
-  doi={10.1038/s41598-022-26729-3},
-  art_number={22475},
-  note={cited By 1},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** Jalilian20213 - Deep Learning Based Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Jalilian20213
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Jalilian20213,
-  author={Jalilian, E. and Uhl, A.},
-  title={Deep Learning Based Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement},
-  journal={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)},
-  year={2021},
-  volume={13053 LNCS},
-  pages={3-13},
-  doi={10.1007/978-3-030-89131-2_1},
-  note={cited By 5},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** Cai2023 - Automatic Vickers Hardness Measurement With Neural Network Segmentation
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Cai2023
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Cai2023,
-    author={Cai, C. and Li, Z. and Yin, F. and Wang, Z. and Chen, Y.},
-    title={Automatic Vickers Hardness Measurement With Neural Network Segmentation},
-    journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement},
-    year={2023},
-    volume={72},
-    doi={10.1109/TIM.2022.3227986},
-    art_number={2501111},
-    note={cited By 2},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** [#A] Li2021 - Automated measurement of Vickers hardness using image segmentation with neural networks
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Li2021
-:YEAR: 2021
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Li2021,
-  author = {Li, Zexian and Yin, Feng},
-  title = {Automated measurement of Vickers hardness using image segmentation with neural networks},
-  year = {2021},
-  journal = {Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation},
-  volume = {186},
-  doi = {10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110200},
-  url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116583257&doi=10.1016%2fj.measurement.2021.110200&partnerID=40&md5=d1a91213d8956e1ded797b0fcf8b722b},
-  type = {Article},
-  publication_stage = {Final},
-  source = {Scopus},
-  note = {Cited by: 9}
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-
-id:Baldner2020265
-id:Leta2015413
-id:Sugimoto1997696
-id:Maier2012
-id:Gadermayr2012
-id:Maier2011295
-id:Ji2009
-id:Filho2010
-id:Maier2013
-id:Dominguez-Nicolas2021
-id:Gadermayr20131183
-id:LimaMoreira2016294
-id:Tanaka2019
-id:Tanaka2018
-id:Tanaka20201345
-id:Otsu197962
-
-** Tanaka2018 - Vickers hardness measurement by using convolutional neural network
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Tanaka2018
-:YEAR: 2018
-:END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @CONFERENCE{Tanaka2018,
-  author={Tanaka, Y. and Seino, Y. and Hattori, K.},
-  title={Vickers hardness measurement by using convolutional neural network},
-  journal={Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
-  year={2018},
-  volume={1065},
-  number={6},
-  doi={10.1088/1742-6596/1065/6/062001},
-  art_number={062001},
-  note={cited By 6},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-** Tanaka20201345 - Automated Vickers hardness measurement using convolutional neural networks
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Tanaka20201345
-  :YEAR: 2020
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Tanaka20201345,
-  author={Tanaka, Y. and Seino, Y. and Hattori, K.},
-  title={Automated Vickers hardness measurement using convolutional neural networks},
-  journal={International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology},
-  year={2020},
-  volume={109},
-  number={5-6},
-  pages={1345-1355},
-  doi={10.1007/s00170-020-05746-4},
-  note={cited By 13},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-* Papers that look at the material properties
-** Sangwal2003511 - Analysis of the indentation size effect in the microhardness measurement of some cobalt-based alloys
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Sangwal2003511
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Sangwal2003511,
-author={Sangwal, K. and Surowska, B. and Blaziak, P.},
-title={Analysis of the indentation size effect in the microhardness measurement of some cobalt-based alloys},
-journal={Materials Chemistry and Physics},
-year={2003},
-volume={77},
-number={2},
-pages={511-520},
-doi={10.1016/S0254-0584(02)00086-X},
-note={cited By 111},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-Great description of Vicker's hardness and how to analyze experimental data.
-
-
-
-
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Vickers_MachineLearning
-:END:
-
-id:Li20241
-id:Tanaka2018
-id:Tanaka20201345
-id:Chen20221043
-id:Tanaka2019
-id:Cheng2022
-id:Dovale-Farelo2022
-id:Jalilian20213
-id:Cai2023
-# id:Lin20175168
-# id:Qin2020
-
-** Kang2010337 - Conventional Vickers and true instrumented indentation hardness determined by instrumented indentation tests
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Kang2010337
-:YEAR: 2010
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Kang2010337,
-author={Kang, S.-K. and Kim, J.-Y. and Park, C.-P. and Kim, H.-U. and Kwon, D.},
-title={Conventional Vickers and true instrumented indentation hardness determined by instrumented indentation tests},
-journal={Journal of Materials Research},
-year={2010},
-volume={25},
-number={2},
-pages={337-343},
-doi={10.1557/jmr.2010.0045},
-note={cited By 48},
-}
-#+END_SRC
-
-* Review papers
-
-** Sugimoto1997696 - Development of an automatic Vickers hardness testing system using image processing technology
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Sugimoto1997696
-:YEAR: 1997
-:END:
-
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Sugimoto1997696,
-author={Sugimoto, T.},
-title={Development of an automatic vickers hardness testing system using image processing technolog takao sugimoto and tadao kawaguchi},
-journal={IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics},
-year={1997},
-volume={44},
-number={5},
-pages={696-702},
-doi={10.1109/41.633474},
-note={cited By 47},
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-** Leta2015413 - Metrology by image: Discussing the accuracy of the results
-:PROPERTIES:
-:ID: Leta2015413
-:YEAR: 2015
-:END:
-
-#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-@ARTICLE{Leta2015413,
-author={Leta, F.R. and Gomes, J.F.S. and Costa, P.B. and De O. Baldner, F.},
-title={Metrology by image: Discussing the accuracy of the results},
-journal={Advanced Structured Materials},
-year={2015},
-volume={70},
-pages={413-432},
-doi={10.1007/978-3-319-19443-1_34},
-note={cited By 9},
-}
-
-#+END_SRC
-
-** Baldner2020265 - A Review on Computer Vision Applied to Mechanical Tests in Search for Better Accuracy
-  :PROPERTIES:
-  :ID: Baldner2020265
-  :YEAR: 2020
-  :END:
-
-  #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex
-  @ARTICLE{Baldner2020265,
-    author={Baldner, F.O. and Costa, P.B. and Gomes, J.F.S. and Leta, F.R.},
-    title={A Review on Computer Vision Applied to Mechanical Tests in Search for Better Accuracy},
-    journal={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering},
-    year={2020},
-    pages={265-281},
-    doi={10.1007/978-981-13-9806-3_9},
-    note={cited By 8},
-  }
-  #+END_SRC
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/xrd/xrd.org b/xrd/xrd.org
index 70307cb..b0635e8 100644
--- a/xrd/xrd.org
+++ b/xrd/xrd.org
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
-
-
-
-Excellent lectures by Dr Jeffrey C Grossman that describes the ideas behind X-ray really well.
-
-[[https://youtu.be/AqCz_b7VJK8?si=jPZq8In1ABTT4xnI][MIT 3.091 | 21. X-ray Diffraction Techniques I (Intro to Solid-State Chemistry)]]
-[[https://youtu.be/S1kqa_qGmHs?si=b8_KITp6ivQIpCQF][MIT 3.091 | 22. X-ray Diffraction Techniques II (Intro to Solid-State Chemistry)]]
-
-
-
-Copper K-α is an x-ray energy frequently used on labscale x-ray instruments. The energy is 8.04 keV, which corresponds to an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
-
-This causes the prefactor in the scattering equation to be:
-
-k = 2 π λ = 4.0784 Å − 1 {\displaystyle k={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda }}=4.0784\,\mathrm {\AA} ^{-1}}
-
-
- X-Ray Diffraction
-
-A Practical Approach
-
-Authors:
-
-    C. Suryanarayana , M. Grant Norton
+
+
+
+Excellent lectures by Dr Jeffrey C Grossman that describes the ideas behind X-ray really well.
+
+[[https://youtu.be/AqCz_b7VJK8?si=jPZq8In1ABTT4xnI][MIT 3.091 | 21. X-ray Diffraction Techniques I (Intro to Solid-State Chemistry)]]
+[[https://youtu.be/S1kqa_qGmHs?si=b8_KITp6ivQIpCQF][MIT 3.091 | 22. X-ray Diffraction Techniques II (Intro to Solid-State Chemistry)]]
+
+
+
+Copper K-α is an x-ray energy frequently used on labscale x-ray instruments. The energy is 8.04 keV, which corresponds to an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
+
+This causes the prefactor in the scattering equation to be:
+
+k = 2 π λ = 4.0784 Å − 1 {\displaystyle k={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda }}=4.0784\,\mathrm {\AA} ^{-1}}
+
+
+ X-Ray Diffraction
+
+A Practical Approach
+
+Authors:
+
+    C. Suryanarayana , M. Grant Norton