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+|----------------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+----------| +| Cho20093250 | WC-Co | 1120 | HV_0.3 | 4.3 | +|----------------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+----------| +| Brandolt201710 | | | | | + + +@nil +@nil +@nil +[[zotero://select/items/1_895KZHSK][Ahmed, R. “Contact Fatigue Failure Modes of HVOF Coatings.” Wear 253, no. 3–4 (2002): 473–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00163-1.]] + +[cite:@ahmedInfluenceCoatingThickness2001] + + +Amokrane2011932 +Koga2017938 +Deesom2016240 +Younes20152394 +bhuiya2015328 +MazaheriTehrani2020 +Costa200929 +Reyes-Mojena2017239 +Thakare2018438 +Nutsch201161 +Rukhande202298 +Singh20214431 +Kumar20221956 +Widjajanto2023 +Kumar20186413 +Singh20232068 +Dangi2022201 +Sundararajan2005377 +Latka2020 +Ganesan2016788 +Sivarajan2021126 +Singh20222172 + +Puerta201315 +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Puerta201315, + author = {Puerta, Douglas G.}, + title = {Thermal spray coating: Characterization and evaluation}, + year = {2013}, + journal = {Advanced Materials and Processes}, + volume = {171}, + number = {2}, + doi = {https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2013-02.p015}, + pages = {15 – 19}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874751339&partnerID=40&md5=c7fe8b634398ffe152647bcd0a1c03d4}, + note = {Cited by: 3} +} +#+END_SRC + +Shorinov2023 +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Shorinov2023, + author = {Shorinov, Oleksandr and Dolmatov, Anatolii and Polyviany, Sergii}, + title = {The effect of process temperature and powder composition on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of low-pressure cold spraying aluminum-based coatings}, + year = {2023}, + journal = {Materials Research Express}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + doi = {10.1088/2053-1591/acb6f0}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147729664&doi=10.1088%2f2053-1591%2facb6f0&partnerID=40&md5=2c24846669b8fb3a3973db6d13a25ef4}, + author_keywords = {adhesion; coating; metal-ceramic powders; microhardness; porosity}, + note = {Cited by: 2} +} + +#+END_SRC + +Podchernyaeva2017689 +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Podchernyaeva2017689, + author = {Podchernyaeva, I.A. and Grigoriev, O.N. and Panasyuk, A.D. and Evdokimenko, Yu. I. and Kisel’, V.M. and Yurechko, D.V. and Panashenko, V.M.}, + title = {High-Temperature ZrB2-Based Coatings on Metallic Alloys Produced by High-Velocity Air-Fuel Thermal Spraying}, + year = {2017}, + journal = {Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics}, + volume = {55}, + number = {11-12}, + pages = {689 – 697}, + doi = {10.1007/s11106-017-9856-x}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018327801&doi=10.1007%2fs11106-017-9856-x&partnerID=40&md5=558274de66ab2179bbabb771676a7ecc}, + author_keywords = {composition; properties; structure; thermal spray coating; zirconium diboride}, + note = {Cited by: 3} +} + +#+END_SRC + +Cho20093250 +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Cho20093250, + author = {Cho, Tong Yul and Yoon, Jae Hong and Cho, Jae Young and Joo, Yun Kon and Kang, Jin Ho and Zhang, Shihong and Chun, Hui Gon and Hwang, Soon Young and Kwon, Sik Chol}, + title = {Surface properties and tensile bond strength of HVOF thermal spray coatings of WC-Co powder onto the surface of 420J2 steel and the bond coats of Ni, NiCr, and Ni/NiCr}, + year = {2009}, + journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, + volume = {203}, + number = {20-21}, + pages = {3250 – 3253}, + doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.04.003}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67349264867&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2009.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=ad1327e82340c98ba5d251630d89e69f}, + author_keywords = {Adhesion; Bond coat; Fracture location; Hardness}, + note = {Cited by: 36} +} + +#+END_SRC + +Brandolt201710 +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Brandolt201710, + author = {Brandolt, Cristiane de Souza and Noronha, Leandro Câmara and Hidalgo, Gelsa Edith Navarro and Takimi, Antonio Shigueaki and Schroeder, Roberto Moreira and Malfatti, Célia de Fraga}, + title = {Niobium coating applied by HVOF as protection against hydrogen embrittlement of API 5CT P110 steel}, + year = {2017}, + journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, + volume = {322}, + pages = {10 – 18}, + doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.05.017}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019450365&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2017.05.017&partnerID=40&md5=d5e5514a209ad5ed8a98f18667244b43}, + author_keywords = {API 5CT P110 steel; HVOF; Hydrogen embrittlement; Niobium; Thermal spray coating}, + note = {Cited by: 28} +} + +#+END_SRC + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Amokrane2011932, + author = {Amokrane, Bradai Mohand and Abdelhamid, Sadeddine and Youcef, Mouadji and Abderrahim, Benabbas and Nedjemeddine, Bounar and Ahmed, Mammeri}, + title = {Microstructural and mechanical properties of Ni-base thermal spray coatings deposited by flame spraying}, + year = {2011}, + journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science}, + volume = {42}, + number = {5}, + pages = {932 – 938}, + doi = {10.1007/s11663-011-9551-0}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054890285&doi=10.1007%2fs11663-011-9551-0&partnerID=40&md5=720a8d828274ce151648937861575190}, + note = {Cited by: 9} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Koga2017938, + author = {Koga, G.Y. and Schulz, R. and Savoie, S. and Nascimento, A.R.C. and Drolet, Y. and Bolfarini, C. and Kiminami, C.S. and Botta, W.J.}, + title = {Microstructure and wear behavior of Fe-based amorphous HVOF coatings produced from commercial precursors}, + year = {2017}, + journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, + volume = {309}, + pages = {938 – 944}, + doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.057}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85005847170&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2016.10.057&partnerID=40&md5=87ac69259cbfc83197bdc9508e286a68}, + author_keywords = {Amorphous alloys; Commercial precursors; Steel; Thermal spray coatings; Wear testing}, + note = {Cited by: 98} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Deesom2016240, + author = {Deesom, D. and Charoenrut, K. and Moonngam, S. and Banjongprasert, C.}, + title = {Fabrication and properties of NiCr/CNTs nanocomposite coatings prepared by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying}, + year = {2016}, + journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, + volume = {306}, + pages = {240 – 244}, + doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.06.016}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979651407&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2016.06.016&partnerID=40&md5=26742fe0d2940c1d2d3ead2f5e5ae7ef}, + author_keywords = {Carbon nanotubes; Nanocomposite; Nickel-Chromium; Surface technology; Thermal spray coating}, + note = {Cited by: 16} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Younes20152394, + author = {Younes, Rassim and Bradai, Mohand Amokrane and Sadeddine, Abdelhamid and Mouadji, Youcef and Bilek, Ali and Benabbas, Abderrahim}, + title = {Microstructural and Tribological Properties of Al2O3-13pctTiO2 Thermal Spray Coatings Deposited by Flame Spraying}, + year = {2015}, + journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science}, + volume = {46}, + number = {5}, + pages = {2394 – 2403}, + doi = {10.1007/s11663-015-0412-0}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942154760&doi=10.1007%2fs11663-015-0412-0&partnerID=40&md5=7cc61af78a2989a2256f1e7bca7bde60}, + note = {Cited by: 10} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@BOOK{Barbhuiya2015328, + author = {Barbhuiya, Salim and Choudhury, Ikbal}, + title = {Characterization of mechanical properties and the abrasive wear of thermal spray coatings}, + year = {2015}, + journal = {Thermal Sprayed Coatings and their Tribological Performances}, + pages = {328 – 359}, + doi = {10.4018/978-1-4666-7489-9.ch011}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957104437&doi=10.4018%2f978-1-4666-7489-9.ch011&partnerID=40&md5=ae5793ac1f937a0a65da72d65141ddfd}, + note = {Cited by: 1} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{MazaheriTehrani2020, + author = {Mazaheri Tehrani, Hossein and Shoja-Razavi, Reza and Erfanmanesh, Mohmmad and Hashemi, Sayed Hamid and Barekat, Masoud}, + title = {Evaluation of the mechanical properties of WC-Ni composite coating on an AISI 321 steel substrate}, + year = {2020}, + journal = {Optics and Laser Technology}, + volume = {127}, + doi = {10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106138}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080084800&doi=10.1016%2fj.optlastec.2020.106138&partnerID=40&md5=90db41f938a14e2ef19bd4cb6dd1f115}, + author_keywords = {Elasticity modulus; Fracture toughness; Laser cladding; Mechanical properties; Nickel electroless plating; WC-Ni}, + note = {Cited by: 38} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Costa200929, + author = {Costa, M.Y.P. and Venditti, M.L.R. and Voorwald, H.J.C. and Cioffi, M.O.H. and Cruz, T.G.}, + title = {Effect of WC-10%Co-4%Cr coating on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy fatigue strength}, + year = {2009}, + journal = {Materials Science and Engineering: A}, + volume = {507}, + number = {1-2}, + pages = {29 – 36}, + doi = {10.1016/j.msea.2008.11.068}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61749104278&doi=10.1016%2fj.msea.2008.11.068&partnerID=40&md5=c9b16f42ca716f46f5a33d202ed64b6a}, + author_keywords = {Fatigue; HVOF; Shot peening; Ti-6Al-4V}, + note = {Cited by: 61} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Reyes-Mojena2017239, + author = {Reyes-Mojena, Miguel Ángel and Sánchez-Orozco, Mario and Carvajal-Fals, Hipólito and Sagaró-Zamora, Roberto and Camello-Lima, Carlos Roberto}, + title = {A comparative study on slurry erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed coatings; [Estudio comparativo del desgaste en mezclas erosivas de recubrimientos depositados por HVOF]}, + year = {2017}, + journal = {DYNA (Colombia)}, + volume = {84}, + number = {202}, + pages = {239 – 246}, + doi = {10.15446/dyna.v84n202.56542}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033800172&doi=10.15446%2fdyna.v84n202.56542&partnerID=40&md5=58dd0affaebab3f12e2b7abfe93590d8}, + author_keywords = {HVOF; Nanostructured coatings; Slurry erosion; Thermal spray coatings}, + note = {Cited by: 9} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Thakare2018438, + author = {Thakare, J.G. and Mulik, R.S. and Mahapatra, M.M.}, + title = {Effect of carbon nanotubes and aluminum oxide on the properties of a plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating}, + year = {2018}, + journal = {Ceramics International}, + volume = {44}, + number = {1}, + pages = {438 – 451}, + doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.09.196}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030713541&doi=10.1016%2fj.ceramint.2017.09.196&partnerID=40&md5=ff6dd0b4e57efaa69b02489c8fe12b02}, + author_keywords = {CNT (D); Corrosion(C); Plasma (A); Porosity (B)}, + note = {Cited by: 42} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Nutsch201161, + author = {Nutsch, Gabriele}, + title = {Atmospheric induction plasma spraying}, + year = {2011}, + journal = {High Temperature Material Processes}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61 – 74}, + doi = {10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v15.i1.80}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862322597&doi=10.1615%2fHighTempMatProc.v15.i1.80&partnerID=40&md5=fe40bed0aa710997c2e9654a8d86677e}, + author_keywords = {Ceramic coatings; Inductively coupled plasma; Plasma spraying; RF plasma}, + note = {Cited by: 15} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Rukhande202298, + author = {Rukhande, Sanjay W. and Rathod, W.S. and Bhosale, Digvijay}, + title = {High-temperature tribological investigation of APS and HVOF sprayed NiCrBSiFe coatings on SS 316L}, + year = {2022}, + journal = {Tribology - Materials, Surfaces and Interfaces}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {98 – 109}, + doi = {10.1080/17515831.2021.1898887}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104295033&doi=10.1080%2f17515831.2021.1898887&partnerID=40&md5=d997f6d0ca14b20af506365e3103f0e4}, + author_keywords = {APS; high-temperature sliding wear; HVOF; NiCrBSiFe; Thermal spray coatings}, + note = {Cited by: 10} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@CONFERENCE{Singh20214431, + author = {Singh, Parvinkal and Kumar, Pardeep}, + title = {Improvement in surface integrity of thermally sprayed cermet coatings}, + year = {2021}, + journal = {Materials Today: Proceedings}, + volume = {45}, + pages = {4431 – 4436}, + doi = {10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.522}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107438486&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2020.12.522&partnerID=40&md5=085bc625e57feb959ed1027af5265f1e}, + author_keywords = {Burnishing; Burnishing forces; Micro hardness; Microstructure; Surface roughness}, + note = {Cited by: 6} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Kumar20221956, + author = {Kumar, Himanshu and Bhaduri, Gaurav A and Manikandan, S.G.K. and Kamaraj, M. and Shiva, S.}, + title = {Microstructural Characterization and Tribological Properties of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed High Entropy Alloy Coatings}, + year = {2022}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {31}, + number = {6}, + pages = {1956 – 1974}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-022-01422-z}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131205542&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-022-01422-z&partnerID=40&md5=644f0ff221d838a7f5a802bec1e27612}, + author_keywords = {atmospheric plasma spray; high entropy alloy; thermal spray coating; wear; x-ray diffraction}, + note = {Cited by: 11} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Widjajanto2023, + author = {Widjajanto, Teguh and Darmadi, Djarot B. and Irawan, Yudy Surya and Gapsari, Femiana}, + title = {Comparative microstructure characteristics and properties of arc-sprayed Fe-based and HVOF-sprayed Ni-based coatings on ASME SA 210 C steel tube}, + year = {2023}, + journal = {Results in Engineering}, + volume = {17}, + doi = {10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100985}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152002984&doi=10.1016%2fj.rineng.2023.100985&partnerID=40&md5=67c2cb4d8466e7e84a610f76d17f693c}, + author_keywords = {Arc spray; Fe-based; HVOF; Ni-based; Tube coating}, + note = {Cited by: 4} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@CONFERENCE{Kumar20186413, + author = {Kumar, Hemant and Chittosiya, Chetan and Shukla, V.N.}, + title = {HVOF Sprayed WC Based Cermet Coating for Mitigation of Cavitation, Erosion & Abrasion in Hydro Turbine Blade}, + year = {2018}, + journal = {Materials Today: Proceedings}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {6413 – 6420}, + doi = {10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.253}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045144096&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2017.12.253&partnerID=40&md5=b586188a724ce3c3025340018669117a}, + author_keywords = {Cavitation; Cermet coating; Slurry eosion}, + note = {Cited by: 37} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Singh20232068, + author = {Singh, Parvinkal and Kumar, Pardeep and Virdi, Roshan Lal}, + title = {Effect of In-process Cryogenic Cooling in the Burnishing Process on the Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of HVOF Cermet Coating}, + year = {2023}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {32}, + number = {7}, + pages = {2068 – 2080}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-023-01632-z}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165037726&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-023-01632-z&partnerID=40&md5=ab2be791bd0b1259cffdd117a0143e99}, + author_keywords = {compressive residual stresses; cryogenic burnishing; porosity; solid particle erosion; thermal spray coating}, + note = {Cited by: 1} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Dangi2022201, + author = {Dangi, Sonia and Walia, R.S. and Suri, N.M. and Chaudhary, Sumit}, + title = {Study of Development of Various Morphological Phases and Its Effects on the Thermal Coated Specimen—A Review}, + year = {2022}, + journal = {Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering}, + volume = {Part F41}, + pages = {201 – 213}, + doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-73495-4_14}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85161394918&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-73495-4_14&partnerID=40&md5=b445545571cc120166c8ded76a6149da}, + author_keywords = {Cracks; Morphology; Porosity; SEM; Thermal spray coating; Tribology}, + note = {Cited by: 0} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Sundararajan2005377, + author = {Sundararajan, G. and Sen, D. and Sivakumar, G.}, + title = {The tribological behaviour of detonation sprayed coatings: The importance of coating process parameters}, + year = {2005}, + journal = {Wear}, + volume = {258}, + number = {1-4 SPEC. ISS.}, + pages = {377 – 391}, + doi = {10.1016/j.wear.2004.03.022}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10644269191&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2004.03.022&partnerID=40&md5=ca32acd52160c265e41d852b97995905}, + author_keywords = {Abrasion; Detonation spray coatings; Erosion; Sliding wear; Thermal spray coatings; Tribology}, + note = {Cited by: 45} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Latka2020, + author = {Łatka, Leszek and Pawłowski, Lech and Winnicki, Marcin and Sokołowski, Pawel and Małachowska, Aleksandra and Kozerski, Stefan}, + title = {Review of functionally graded thermal sprayed coatings}, + year = {2020}, + journal = {Applied Sciences (Switzerland)}, + volume = {10}, + number = {15}, + doi = {10.3390/app10155153}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088784874&doi=10.3390%2fapp10155153&partnerID=40&md5=1ae940474b76bafdc6066a9fb6125f46}, + author_keywords = {Application of thermal spray coatings; Functional graded coatings; Thermal spray coatings}, + note = {Cited by: 72} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Ganesan2016788, + author = {Ganesan, Amirthan and Takuma, Okada and Yamada, Motohiro and Fukumoto, Masahiro}, + title = {Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Warm-Sprayed Titanium Coating on Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic}, + year = {2016}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {788 – 796}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-016-0392-x}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959320331&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-016-0392-x&partnerID=40&md5=3d631165d0ad5a0911d87d95b7aa69f8}, + author_keywords = {adhesion strength; aerospace; interlayer; microhardness; porosity of coating; titanium}, + note = {Cited by: 2} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Sivarajan2021126, + author = {Sivarajan, S. and Padmanabhan, R. and Stokes, Joseph.T.}, + title = {Effect of power and scan speed on the melt profile and hardness of laser-treated HVOF thermally sprayed nanostructured WC-12Co mixed with Inconel 625 coatings}, + year = {2021}, + journal = {Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {126 – 135}, + doi = {10.1080/2374068X.2020.1754742}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083662878&doi=10.1080%2f2374068X.2020.1754742&partnerID=40&md5=60c086b3820c6e65b0de546fa591fcda}, + author_keywords = {HVOF; laser treatment; power; scan speed; Wear}, + note = {Cited by: 0} +} + +#+END_SRC +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Singh20222172, + author = {Singh, Parvinkal and Kumar, Pardeep and Virdi, Roshan Lal}, + title = {Burnishing with Grinding Wheel-Shaped Alloy Tool and Its Effect on Surface Integrity and Erosion Behavior of WC-10Co-4Cr HVOF Coating}, + year = {2022}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {31}, + number = {7}, + pages = {2172 – 2190}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-022-01435-8}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133529107&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-022-01435-8&partnerID=40&md5=f3ff7aaf9a0c7348a06cc3570dd0c170}, + author_keywords = {burnishing process; cermet coating; erosion; microstructural characterization; thermal spray processing}, + note = {Cited by: 4} +} + +#+END_SRC + +* TBD TBD + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Kuruvila20221741, + author = {Kuruvila, Roshan and Kumaran, S. Thirumalai and Khan, M. Adam}, + title = {Solid particle erosion behavior of nichrome coated duplex stainless steel}, + year = {2022}, + journal = {International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration}, + volume = {9}, + number = {97}, + pages = {1741 – 1756}, + doi = {10.19101/IJATEE.2021.876388}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147030108&doi=10.19101%2fIJATEE.2021.876388&partnerID=40&md5=507f7e0d485ca4d8389befe164a7446f}, + author_keywords = {Duplex steel; Erosion; Nichrome; Thermal spray coating}, + note = {Cited by: 2} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Chun202117476, + author = {Chun, Se Min and Park, Sea Mee and Yang, Geon Woo and Shin, Dong Hun and Moon, Heung Soo and Hong, Yong Cheol and Moon, Se Youn}, + title = {Improvement of the flowability of fine yttrium oxide powders by microwave oxygen plasma and evaluation of the dense coating layer}, + year = {2021}, + journal = {Ceramics International}, + volume = {47}, + number = {12}, + pages = {17476 – 17486}, + doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.03.065}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105367907&doi=10.1016%2fj.ceramint.2021.03.065&partnerID=40&md5=be895b7de164bd872038844a1027b4d9}, + author_keywords = {Dense coating layer; flowability; microwave O2 plasma; Surface treatment; Yttrium oxide powder}, + note = {Cited by: 4} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Güney202173, + author = {Güney, Bekir}, + title = {Corrosion and wear behaviour of HVOF spraying WC-12% Ni coating on gray cast-iron}, + year = {2021}, + journal = {Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73 – 81}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114557906&partnerID=40&md5=fed3b7e322b67b6ff0f3e471681f4849}, + author_keywords = {Corrosion behaviour; HVOF coating; Microstructure; Thermal spray coating; Wear}, + note = {Cited by: 8} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Vishnoi20235743, + author = {Vishnoi, Mohit and Murtaza, Qasim and Kumar, Paras}, + title = {Characterization of erbium oxide doped HP-HVOF deposited carbide ceramic coating on martensitic steel}, + year = {2023}, + journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science}, + volume = {237}, + number = {23}, + pages = {5743 – 5754}, + doi = {10.1177/09544062231164299}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152281970&doi=10.1177%2f09544062231164299&partnerID=40&md5=6047d09ebae4cb89aa895cae1864c4ca}, + author_keywords = {erbium oxide; HP-HVOF; rare earth; SS410; Thermal spray coatings; wettability}, + note = {Cited by: 1} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Yung2019, + author = {Yung, Tung-Yuan and Chen, Tai-Cheng and Tsai, Kun-Cao and Lu, Wen-Feng and Huang, Jiunn-Yuan and Liu, Ting-Yu}, + title = {Thermal spray coatings of Al, ZnAl and Inconel 625 alloys on SS304L for anti-saline corrosion}, + year = {2019}, + journal = {Coatings}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + doi = {10.3390/coatings9010032}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060539459&doi=10.3390%2fcoatings9010032&partnerID=40&md5=0b988e5dc855448f301346c7ca1948da}, + author_keywords = {625 Inconel alloy; Al; Corrosion; SS304L; Thermal spray; ZnAl}, + note = {Cited by: 40} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Perello-Badia20241040, + author = {Perello-Badia, D. and Espallargas, N.}, + title = {SiC-YAG Coating Microstructure Optimization Through Powder Feedstock Manufacturing Process Control}, + year = {2024}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {33}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1040 – 1054}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-024-01750-2}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188109846&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-024-01750-2&partnerID=40&md5=f68f05466393745f31f387d1a8b92e29}, + author_keywords = {agglomerated and sintered; silicon carbide; sintered and crushed; thermal spray}, + note = {Cited by: 0} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Lima20041163, + author = {Lima, R.S. and Marple, B.R.}, + title = {Near-isotropic air plasma sprayed titania}, + year = {2004}, + journal = {Acta Materialia}, + volume = {52}, + number = {5}, + pages = {1163 – 1170}, + doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2003.11.002}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1242351821&doi=10.1016%2fj.actamat.2003.11.002&partnerID=40&md5=a2bbc60182ecb359541682c0690031e2}, + author_keywords = {Elastic behavior; Hardness; Microindentation; Plasma spraying; Titania}, + note = {Cited by: 21} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Meghwal2020857, + author = {Meghwal, Ashok and Anupam, Ameey and Murty, B.S. and Berndt, Christopher C. and Kottada, Ravi Sankar and Ang, Andrew Siao Ming}, + title = {Thermal Spray High-Entropy Alloy Coatings: A Review}, + year = {2020}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {857 – 893}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-020-01047-0}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085361541&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-020-01047-0&partnerID=40&md5=30383e4d8ee14a414bfc72e4992d51cf}, + author_keywords = {coatings; high-entropy alloys (HEAs); mechanical properties; microstructure; review; thermal spray}, + note = {Cited by: 175} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Chavan20114798, + author = {Chavan, Naveen Manhar and Ramakrishna, M. and Phani, P. Sudharshan and Rao, D. Srinivasa and Sundararajan, G.}, + title = {The influence of process parameters and heat treatment on the properties of cold sprayed silver coatings}, + year = {2011}, + journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, + volume = {205}, + number = {20}, + pages = {4798 – 4807}, + doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.04.063}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957655739&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2011.04.063&partnerID=40&md5=ab8425a550559673e6d141dd01cf1007}, + author_keywords = {Cold spray; Electrical conductivity; Hardness; Porosity; Silver}, + note = {Cited by: 57} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Cho20091100, + author = {Cho, Tong-Yul and Yoon, Jae-Hong and Joo, Yun-Kon and Zhang, Shihong and Fang, Wei and Kwon, Sik Chol and Chun, H.G. and Li, Ming-Xi}, + title = {The effects of HVOF coating of WC-CrC-Ni powder on In718 and of CO 2 laser heat treatment on the coating}, + year = {2009}, + journal = {Journal of the Korean Physical Society}, + volume = {54}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1100 – 1103}, + doi = {10.3938/jkps.54.1100}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-64549089733&doi=10.3938%2fjkps.54.1100&partnerID=40&md5=67446f4837bf88b1018da208b4a768b0}, + author_keywords = {Coating; Friction coefficient; Hardness; HVOF; Laser heating; Porosity; Wear}, + note = {Cited by: 9} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Demirci2021, + author = {Demirci, Musa and Bagci, Mehmet}, + title = {High temperature solid particle erosion comparison of atmospheric plasma sprayed MCrAlY coatings}, + year = {2021}, + journal = {Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + doi = {10.1088/2051-672X/ac1048}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111159477&doi=10.1088%2f2051-672X%2fac1048&partnerID=40&md5=ff83b53988c7e1055e8c52fe739fc8f2}, + author_keywords = {APS; high temperature; MCrAlY coatings; solid particle erosion; surface analysis; thermal spray coatings}, + note = {Cited by: 3} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@CONFERENCE{Tillmann2015718, + author = {Tillmann, W. and Luo, W. and Selvadurai, U.}, + title = {The influence of residual stress on wear resistance of thermal spray coatings}, + year = {2015}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {718 – 724}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971265387&partnerID=40&md5=7388eb3173cdffdf9c3ec761f0488484}, + note = {Cited by: 2} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Wigren2007533, + author = {Wigren, Jan and Täng, Kristina}, + title = {Quality considerations for the evaluation of thermal spray coatings}, + year = {2007}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {533 – 540}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-007-9054-3}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-37349005510&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-007-9054-3&partnerID=40&md5=10760aec07d147a72a0774fe4943933c}, + author_keywords = {Adhesion of TS coatings; Hardness and visco-elastic properties; Porosity of coatings}, + note = {Cited by: 8} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Pattnayak20237085, + author = {Pattnayak, Abhijit and Gupta, Avi and Abhijith, N.V. and Kumar, Deepak}, + title = {Hybridized-flow flame spray (HFFS) process for the development of superior ceramic coatings}, + year = {2023}, + journal = {Ceramics International}, + volume = {49}, + number = {4}, + pages = {7085 – 7088}, + doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.12.047}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144442274&doi=10.1016%2fj.ceramint.2022.12.047&partnerID=40&md5=5dfe5c9048b5b82ee20e767ae399520e}, + author_keywords = {Ceramic coating; Hardness; HFFS; PFS}, + note = {Cited by: 2} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Singh2023, + author = {Singh, Jashanpreet and Singh, Simranjit and Vasudev, Hitesh and Singh Chohan, Jasgurpreet and Kumar, Sandeep}, + title = {Neural computing and Taguchi’s methodbased study on erosion of advanced Mo2C–WC10Co4Cr coating for the centrifugal pump}, + year = {2023}, + journal = {Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies}, + doi = {10.1080/2374068X.2023.2221884}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85161934217&doi=10.1080%2f2374068X.2023.2221884&partnerID=40&md5=2927ad0d507a4694c21425497004c40b}, + author_keywords = {HVOF coatings; neural network; slurry erosion; Taguchi method; thermal spray coatings; Tribology}, + note = {Cited by: 11} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@CONFERENCE{Tillmann2012580, + author = {Tillmann, W. and Selvadurai, U. and Luo, W.}, + title = {Measurement of the young's modulus of thermal spray coatings by means of several methods}, + year = {2012}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + pages = {580 – 587}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907083365&partnerID=40&md5=2dadfd99dd3d0c182d71e48c54578a68}, + note = {Cited by: 0} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@CONFERENCE{Antoš2021841, + author = {Antoš, Jakub and Duliškovič, Josef and Šulcová, Petra and Lencová, Kateřina}, + title = {COHESION STRENGHT TEST OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL HVOF COATINGS}, + year = {2021}, + journal = {METAL 2021 - 30th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings}, + pages = {841 – 845}, + doi = {10.37904/metal.2021.4206}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124349456&doi=10.37904%2fmetal.2021.4206&partnerID=40&md5=491e51e1764213a2c863b0f4bc686137}, + author_keywords = {Cermet coating; Cohesion strength; HVOF; TCT test; Thermal spray coating testing; Thermal spraying; Tubular coating tensile test}, + note = {Cited by: 1} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Ang201628, + author = {Ang, Andrew Siao Ming and Howse, Hugo and Wade, Scott A. and Berndt, Christopher C.}, + title = {Development of Processing Windows for HVOF Carbide-Based Coatings}, + year = {2016}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1-2}, + pages = {28 – 35}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-015-0318-z}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953637537&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-015-0318-z&partnerID=40&md5=4c1136bc2cefb3d7e0aac9bc734676db}, + author_keywords = {carbide; cermet coatings; diagnostic techniques; hardness; HVOF; nickel-based; porosity; thermal spray coatings}, + note = {Cited by: 29} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@CONFERENCE{Laurila2013550, + author = {Laurila, J. and Milanti, A. and Niemi, K. and Vuoristo, P.}, + title = {Abrasion wear and corrosion resistance in chlorine containing conditions of iron based thermal spray coatings}, + year = {2013}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + pages = {550 – 556}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907077240&partnerID=40&md5=91c5c4f1b111d3831599fd5fea75a1da}, + note = {Cited by: 0} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Batra2009284, + author = {Batra, U.}, + title = {Thermal spray coating of abradable Ni based composite}, + year = {2009}, + journal = {Surface Engineering}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {284 – 286}, + doi = {10.1179/174329407X215087}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67149102556&doi=10.1179%2f174329407X215087&partnerID=40&md5=b2cc56aac4de965bf95fa9339988f1e2}, + author_keywords = {Abradable; Boron nitride; Coating; Rotor blade; Spray; Thermal}, + note = {Cited by: 6} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Turunen20053, + author = {Turunen, Erja}, + title = {Diagnostic tools for HVOF process optimization}, + year = {2005}, + journal = {VTT Publications}, + number = {583}, + pages = {3 – 66}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750243767&partnerID=40&md5=6cb773877d0c1cb35c55d7f6fc4efa19}, + author_keywords = {Alumina; High velocity oxi-fuels; HVOF; Nanofractions; Process optimizatic diagnostics; Quasicrystals; Single splat studies; Surface coatings; Thermal spraying}, + note = {Cited by: 0} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Casteletti2010440, + author = {Casteletti, L.C. and Arnoni, E.A.B. and Neto, A. Lombardi and Fernandes, F.A.P. and Totten, G.E.}, + title = {Effect of binders and surface finish on wear resistance of HVOF coatings}, + year = {2010}, + journal = {Surface Engineering}, + volume = {26}, + number = {6}, + pages = {440 – 446}, + doi = {10.1179/026708410X12593178265706}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955692415&doi=10.1179%2f026708410X12593178265706&partnerID=40&md5=18ec5a52c63da3524db9b703f3d0c93f}, + author_keywords = {Cermets; Electron microscopy; Optical microscopy; Thermal spray coatings; Three body abrasion}, + note = {Cited by: 4} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Sheppard2014194, + author = {Sheppard, Panadda and Koiprasert, Hathaipat}, + title = {Effect of W dissolution in NiCrBSi-WC and NiBSi-WC arc sprayed coatings on wear behaviors}, + year = {2014}, + journal = {Wear}, + volume = {317}, + number = {1-2}, + pages = {194 – 200}, + doi = {10.1016/j.wear.2014.06.008}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903138687&doi=10.1016%2fj.wear.2014.06.008&partnerID=40&md5=9e52e90739da40bca46d3ba6abcdf6be}, + author_keywords = {Cermets; Sliding wear; Thermal spray coatings; Three-body abrasion; Tungsten dissolution}, + note = {Cited by: 46} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{La Barbera-Sosa20084552, + author = {La Barbera-Sosa, J.G. and Santana, Y.Y. and Staia, M.H. and Chicot, D. and Lesage, J. and Caro, J. and Mesmacque, G. and Puchi-Cabrera, E.S.}, + title = {Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Ni-base thermal spray coatings deposited by HVOF}, + year = {2008}, + journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, + volume = {202}, + number = {18}, + pages = {4552 – 4559}, + doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.04.041}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-44349181453&doi=10.1016%2fj.surfcoat.2008.04.041&partnerID=40&md5=c20da644bc7fd3a97e9a2d921f9e3781}, + author_keywords = {Elastic modulus; Hardness; HVOF; Ni-base coating; Thermal spraying}, + note = {Cited by: 27} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Sunitha2022, + author = {Sunitha, K. and Vasudev, Hitesh}, + title = {Microsrtructural and Mechanical Characterization of HVOF-Sprayed Ni-Based Alloy Coating}, + year = {2022}, + journal = {International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + doi = {10.4018/IJSEIMS.298705}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148753545&doi=10.4018%2fIJSEIMS.298705&partnerID=40&md5=07b69f3d816c46d5f07a75aefc3bbd7d}, + author_keywords = {Alloy-718; HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel); Thermal Spray Coatings}, + note = {Cited by: 10} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Tillmann2013290, + author = {Tillmann, W. and Selvadurai, U. and Luo, W.}, + title = {Measurement of the Young's modulus of thermal spray coatings by means of several methods}, + year = {2013}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2-3}, + pages = {290 – 298}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-012-9855-x}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885656237&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-012-9855-x&partnerID=40&md5=b2dd576ddc80fc8928311ebc22242a3a}, + author_keywords = {bending test; impulse excitation technique; nanoindentation test; nondestructive testing; Young's modulus}, + note = {Cited by: 18} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Tillmann2013250, + author = {Tillmann, W. and Hussong, B. and Priggemeier, T. and Kuhnt, S. and Rudak, N. and Weinert, H.}, + title = {Influence of parameter variations on WC-Co splat formation in an HVOF process using a new beam-shutter device}, + year = {2013}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2-3}, + pages = {250 – 262}, + doi = {10.1007/s11666-012-9881-8}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885579748&doi=10.1007%2fs11666-012-9881-8&partnerID=40&md5=68de3f90abfa3c704fc89b7ea57f2ead}, + author_keywords = {diagnostics; HVOF; porosity of coatings; splat morphology; WC-based cermets; wear resistant coatings}, + note = {Cited by: 19} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Grimm2020, + author = {Grimm, Maximilian and Conze, Susan and Berger, Lutz-Michael and Paczkowski, Gerd and Lindner, Thomas and Lampke, Thomas}, + title = {Microstructure and sliding wear resistance of plasma sprayed Al2O3-Cr2O3-TiO2 ternary coatings from blends of single oxides}, + year = {2020}, + journal = {Coatings}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + doi = {10.3390/coatings10010042}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079166450&doi=10.3390%2fcoatings10010042&partnerID=40&md5=eb9570b3e20cbf7d253082b2c1ff9c2c}, + author_keywords = {Al2O3; atmospheric plasma spraying; Cr2O3; Microstructure; Phase transformation; Reactivity; Sliding wear; TiO2}, + note = {Cited by: 18} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Du2007122, + author = {Du, Hao and Sun, Chao and Hua, Weigang and Wang, Tiegang and Gong, Jun and Jiang, Xin and Lee, Soo Wohn}, + title = {Structure, mechanical and sliding wear properties of WC-Co/MoS2-Ni coatings by detonation gun spray}, + year = {2007}, + journal = {Materials Science and Engineering: A}, + volume = {445-446}, + pages = {122 – 134}, + doi = {10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.011}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845885136&doi=10.1016%2fj.msea.2006.09.011&partnerID=40&md5=0b5d8bd1c9c41d01f9982339bf8388c6}, + author_keywords = {Detonation gun spraying; Mechanical property; Microstructure; Self-lubricating; SRV; WC-Co coating}, + note = {Cited by: 51} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Ang2014179, + author = {Ang, Andrew Siao Ming and Berndt, Christopher C.}, + title = {A review of testing methods for thermal spray coatings}, + year = {2014}, + journal = {International Materials Reviews}, + volume = {59}, + number = {4}, + pages = {179 – 223}, + doi = {10.1179/1743280414Y.0000000029}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902456642&doi=10.1179%2f1743280414Y.0000000029&partnerID=40&md5=65e861f441362b6ace61167e043781a1}, + author_keywords = {Anisotropic; Elastic modulus; Fracture toughness; Microhardness; Microstructure-property relationships; Poisson's ratio; Porosity; Residual stress; Tensile adhesion testing; Thermal spray coatings}, + note = {Cited by: 146} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@CONFERENCE{Rathod2016167, + author = {Rathod, Manoj and Bardapurkar, Rohit and Mohod, Shubham}, + title = {Laser heating of NiCr-Al2O3 composite coating made on low carbon steel by twin gun thermal spray process}, + year = {2016}, + journal = {Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2016, MS and T 2016}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {167 – 174}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017237549&partnerID=40&md5=1101f7140515711525da2b5f92028df3}, + author_keywords = {Composite Coatings; Laser Heating; Twin Gun Thermal Spray Process}, + note = {Cited by: 0} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@CONFERENCE{Qin2016627, + author = {Qin, Feng and Bao, Tim and He, Liang}, + title = {An in-situ cooling solution for thermal spray coating process}, + year = {2016}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {627 – 629}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034452170&partnerID=40&md5=136aeafbb4582c2c8180a9f6c2c68d93}, + note = {Cited by: 0} +} + +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex :exec no +@ARTICLE{Singh2022901, + author = {Singh, Sukhjinder and Goyal, Khushdeep and Bhatia, Rakesh}, + title = {Effect of nano yttria-stabilized zirconia on properties of Ni-20Cr composite coatings}, + year = {2022}, + journal = {Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering}, + volume = {12}, + number = {5}, + pages = {901 – 909}, + doi = {10.5599/jese.1319}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139864812&doi=10.5599%2fjese.1319&partnerID=40&md5=70a232e768b988fecd7cf7c620d7c3cb}, + author_keywords = {HVOF; 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Khameneh and Sohi, M. Heydarzadeh and Hadavi, S.M.M.}, + title = {The effect of the heat treatment on residual stresses in HVOF sprayed WC-Co coating}, + year = {2004}, + journal = {Materials Science Forum}, + volume = {465-466}, + pages = {427 – 432}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644229400&partnerID=40&md5=f929060e1a512a5a3a710a28a531dd4a}, + author_keywords = {Heat Treatment; HVOF; Residual Stress; WC-17Co; XRD}, + note = {Cited by: 13} +} + +@CONFERENCE{McGrann2000341, + author = {McGrann, R.T.R. and Kim, J. and Shadley, J.R. and Rybicki, E.F. and Ingesten, N.-G.}, + title = {Characterization of Thermal Spray Coatings Used for Dimensional Restoration}, + year = {2000}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + pages = {341 – 349}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442353770&partnerID=40&md5=7a06f2812506a9d5273cd9f3b1b4ce32}, + note = {Cited by: 2} +} + +@ARTICLE{Nutsch2002349, + author = {Nutsch, Gabriele}, + title = {Atmospheric induction plasma spraying}, + year = {2002}, + journal = {High Temperature Material Processes}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {349 – 356}, + doi = {10.1615/hightempmatproc.v6.i3.80}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036958928&doi=10.1615%2fhightempmatproc.v6.i3.80&partnerID=40&md5=03f9368bd01fa1e905955d4192d6a259}, + author_keywords = {Ceramic coatings; Inductively coupled plasma; Plasma spraying; RF plasma}, + note = {Cited by: 1} +} + +@ARTICLE{Schroeder1998325, + author = {Schroeder, M.}, + title = {Machining and mechanical engraving of copper thermal-sprayed coatings}, + year = {1998}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {325 – 327}, + doi = {10.1361/105996398770350783}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032164696&doi=10.1361%2f105996398770350783&partnerID=40&md5=913efedff814af2fdcfede0e8ba24726}, + note = {Cited by: 3} +} + +@CONFERENCE{Lima2003515, + author = {Lima, R.S. and Marple, B.R.}, + title = {Comparative study of HVOF and APS titania coatings}, + year = {2003}, + journal = {International Surface Engineering Congress - Proceedings of the 1st Congress}, + pages = {515 – 519}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1242327881&partnerID=40&md5=70a5f83fcb98e3d08b7e71c53fb05466}, + note = {Cited by: 2} +} + +@CONFERENCE{Gold20011105, + author = {Gold, M. and Berndt, C.C.}, + title = {Scratch Testing of nanocrystalline Alumina+13%Titania+Zirconia}, + year = {2001}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + pages = {1105 – 1110}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442279875&partnerID=40&md5=b2ee599604459631d0867fe53ff90b86}, + note = {Cited by: 1} +} + +@ARTICLE{Kim1994169, + author = {Kim, H.J. and Kweon, Y.G. and Chang, R.W.}, + title = {Wear and erosion behavior of plasma-sprayed WC-Co coatings}, + year = {1994}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169 – 178}, + doi = {10.1007/BF02648274}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028460040&doi=10.1007%2fBF02648274&partnerID=40&md5=7797cf5d9968cf4dae8025f8a9327b66}, + author_keywords = {Cohesive strength; erosion behavior; material properties; WC-Co coatings; wear behavior}, + note = {Cited by: 69} +} + +@ARTICLE{Erickson1999421, + author = {Erickson, L.C. and Troczynski, T. and Hawthorne, H.M. and Tai, H. and Ross, D.}, + title = {Alumina coatings by plasma spraying of monosize sapphire particles}, + year = {1999}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {421 – 426}, + doi = {10.1361/105996399770350377}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032657925&doi=10.1361%2f105996399770350377&partnerID=40&md5=b35b48715c8be6c9a62d7ed00e20692a}, + note = {Cited by: 16} +} + +@CONFERENCE{Montavon20011195, + author = {Montavon, Ghislain and Coddet, Christian}, + title = {Modification of Ceramic Thermal Spray Deposit Microstructure Implementing Laser Treatment}, + year = {2001}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + pages = {1195 – 1202}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442279850&partnerID=40&md5=94fd4d42f4bb7ea5e12258cea5a12f3f}, + note = {Cited by: 5} +} + +@ARTICLE{Elkedim2003707, + author = {Elkedim, O. and Malavolta, C.}, + title = {Corrosion behaviour of nanocrystalline titanium composite coatings}, + year = {2003}, + journal = {Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials}, + volume = {15-16}, + pages = {707 – 712}, + doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/JMNM.15-16.707}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644289422&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fJMNM.15-16.707&partnerID=40&md5=0baf31232f5751c9db0d6c3395dd4e7e}, + author_keywords = {Corrosion; Nanocrystalline; Plasma Spraying; Titanium Nitride}, + note = {Cited by: 0} +} + +@ARTICLE{Prchlik2001643, + author = {Prchlik, L. and Gutleber, J. and Sampath, S.}, + title = {Deposition and properties of high-velocity-oxygen-fuel and plasma-sprayed Mo-Mo2C composite coatings}, + year = {2001}, + journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {643 – 655}, + doi = {10.1361/105996301770349178}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035568139&doi=10.1361%2f105996301770349178&partnerID=40&md5=5c3168e51cc3d68e8565e286c1590282}, + author_keywords = {Abrasion; Decarburization; Friction; HVOF; Mo2C; Plasma spraying}, + note = {Cited by: 13} +} + +@ARTICLE{Hearley2001111, + author = {Hearley, J.A. and Liu, C. and Little, J.A. and Sturgeon, A.J.}, + title = {Corrosion of Ni-Al high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating by fly ash and synthetic biomass ash deposits}, + year = {2001}, + journal = {British Corrosion Journal}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111 – 120}, + doi = {10.1179/000705901101501532}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035672485&doi=10.1179%2f000705901101501532&partnerID=40&md5=e111bc18751c526e5e8e3055ad80af50}, + note = {Cited by: 5} +} + +@CONFERENCE{Wigren20011221, + author = {Wigren, Jan and Täng, Kristina}, + title = {Some Considerations for the Routine Testing of Thermal Sprayed Coatings}, + year = {2001}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + pages = {1221 – 1227}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442304407&partnerID=40&md5=49b96637f910f5e789614f1eab0562df}, + note = {Cited by: 12} +} + +@CONFERENCE{Scrivani2001141, + author = {Scrivani, A. and Ianelli, S. and Groppetti, R. and Bertini, S. and Lacorix, O. and Rizzi, G. and Casadei, F.}, + title = {A Contribution to the Production and Characterization of HVOF Coatings for Application in the Petrochemical Field}, + year = {2001}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + pages = {141 – 148}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442280092&partnerID=40&md5=ca4c40c746013207132fcc319ee50473}, + note = {Cited by: 3} +} + +@CONFERENCE{Erickson1998791, + author = {Erickson, L.C. and Troczynski, T. and Hawthorne, H.M. and Tai, H. and Ross, D.}, + title = {Alumina coatings by plasma spraying of monosize sapphire particles}, + year = {1998}, + journal = {Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {791 – 796}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542345523&partnerID=40&md5=7f44aff9c8f8287b6fc0b0906e27f348}, + note = {Cited by: 9} +} + +@ARTICLE{Mor1996363, + author = {Mor, F. and La Vecchia, G.M. and Stehle, D.}, + title = {High velocity thermal spray coatings: Influence of spray parameters; [Caratterizzazione di riporti thermal spray ottenuti con sistema HVOF al variare dei parametri di processo]}, + year = {1996}, + journal = {Metallurgia Italiana}, + volume = {88}, + number = {5}, + pages = {363 – 369}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030141791&partnerID=40&md5=299ec957ccbddc1f65e98055ff656425}, + note = {Cited by: 3} +} +#+END_SRC diff --git a/standards/index.org b/non_academic_paper_references/ASTM_standards/index.org similarity index 100% rename from standards/index.org rename to non_academic_paper_references/ASTM_standards/index.org diff --git a/standards/meche_metallurgy.org b/non_academic_paper_references/ASTM_standards/meche_metallurgy.org similarity index 100% rename from standards/meche_metallurgy.org rename to non_academic_paper_references/ASTM_standards/meche_metallurgy.org diff --git a/standards/meche_tribology.org b/non_academic_paper_references/ASTM_standards/meche_tribology.org similarity index 100% rename from standards/meche_tribology.org rename to non_academic_paper_references/ASTM_standards/meche_tribology.org diff --git a/non_academic_paper_references/ASTM_standards/porosity.org b/non_academic_paper_references/ASTM_standards/porosity.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..350edef --- /dev/null +++ b/non_academic_paper_references/ASTM_standards/porosity.org @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + +* Porosity in Thermal Spray Coatings + + +Thermal spray coatings are susceptible to the formation of porosity due to a lack of fusion between sprayed particles or the expansion of gases generated during the spray process. The determination of area percent porosity is important to monitor the effect of variable spray parameters and the suitability of a coating for its intended purpose. + + +ASTM E 2109 Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in +Thermal Sprayed Coatings +These test methods cover the determination of the area percentage porosity of thermal sprayed coatings. Method A is a manual, direct comparison method using seven standard images shown on figures in the standard. These figures depict typical distributions of porosity in thermal spray coatings. Method B is an automated technique requiring the use of a computerized image analyzer. The methods quantify area percentage porosity only on the basis of light reflectivity from a metallo- + + + + + +* Coating Thickness +ASTM B 487 - Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section + +This test method covers measurement of the local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the microscopical examination of cross sections using an optical microscope. +Under good conditions, when using an optical microscope, the method is capable of giving an absolute measuring accuracy of 0.8 um. + +The measuring device may be a screw (Filar) micrometre ocular or a micrometre eyepiece. An image splitting eyepiece is advantageous for thin coatings on rough substrate layers. The measuring device shall be calibrated at least once before and once after the measurement using a stage micrometre. 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0000000..85e131a --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Appendices/Appendix1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +\documentclass[../Thesis]{subfiles} +\begin{document} + +\chapter{This is an appendix} +\chaptermark{working with appendices yes} +Appendices, labelled A, B etc., should be treated as additional chapters and should normally follow the main text. Appendices may consist of supporting material of considerable length or of lists, documents, commentaries, tables or other evidence that if included in the main text,would interrupt its flow. The style of appendices must be consistent with the style of the main text. Long appendices may be divided into sections, labelled as Appendix A.1 etc., with corresponding subsection numbering, which must be entered in the table of contents. Alternatively, short appendices may be attached to individual chapters, as an extra section with a heading of style 3.7 Appendix + +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/BibMine.bib b/proposal_archive/BibMine.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56d32a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/BibMine.bib @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +@misc{C05, + author = {Awesome, F.}, + year = {2005}, + title = {Frank}, + keywords={mine} +} + +@misc{C06, + author = {Awesome, F.}, + year = {2006}, + title = {frank, but lowercase}, + keywords={mine} +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Bibliography.bib b/proposal_archive/Bibliography.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc87471 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Bibliography.bib @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +@misc{C01, + author = {Anglois, B.}, + year = {2005}, + title = {This is a paper}, + keywords={biblio} +} + +@misc{C02, + author = {Ovalie, F.}, + year = {2005}, + title = {Robert}, + keywords={biblio} +} + +@misc{C03, + author = {Cuthor, C.}, + year = {2003}, + title = {Charlie}, +} + +@misc{C04, + author = {Absol, E.}, + year = {2005}, + title = {Danger}, +} + +@misc{C07, + author = {Andre, S.}, + year = {2003}, + title = {Orange}, + keywords={biblio} +} + +@misc{C08, + author = {Kor, W.}, + year = {2001}, + title = {Poule}, + keywords={biblio} +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter1-Introduction.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter1-Introduction.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ba040d --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter1-Introduction.tex @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +\documentclass[../Thesis]{subfiles} + +\begin{document} + +\chapter{Introduction} +\chaptermark{Chapter 1 title} % optional for veryy long chapter, you can rename what appear in the header + +{ +\hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +\minitoc +} +%% have a mini table of content at the start of the chapter + +\section{Start} +\subsection{Basic Info} +\subsubsection{This Is A Subsubsection} +Subsubsection should not be numbered, nor indicated in the table of contents. The config options are tocdepth and secnumdepth, you can find them in the config file. + +\paragraph{Paragraph Title} +I studied \cite{C08} and that was fun. I also looked at \cite{C02} \footnote{you should do footnotes like this. More details here \url{https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Footnotes}}. + +I also wrote this \cite{C05}. But the most fun thing was reading \cite{C01} + +URI should be included like this \url{https://github.com/jackred/Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template}. + +\subsection{Equation} +Equations placed on separate lines from the text should be numbered whether or not they are referred to in the text. Numbering should appear in round brackets at the right hand side of the page and be ordered consecutively either throughout the thesis as (1) etc, or in each chapter (1.1) etc. Equations should be referred to in the text as equation(1) etc.\par +\bigskip +Believe it or not, this is the equation for the canonical version of PSO, using the inertia factor, first proposed in 1998. +\begin{equation} + V_{i} = wV_{i} + c_{1} * U(0,1) * (P_{i} - X_{i}) + c_{2} * U(0,1) * (L_{i} - X_{i}) + \label{eqn:velocityInertia} +\end{equation} + +% you refer an equation like this +And here you have the constriction factor equation, which have the same role as the inertia factor defined in \eref{eqn:velocityInertia}, but is used differently. Proposed in 1999. +\begin{equation} + \chi = \dfrac{2}{|2 - \phi - \sqrt{\phi^{2} - 4\phi}|} + \label{eqn:velocityConstriction} +\end{equation} + +Was I just lazy and copied the equation of my Master Thesis? Not at all. Look, here is the gravity equation for PSO2011, proposed, as the name suggest, in 2011. +\begin{equation} + G_{i} = \dfrac{X_{i} + (X_{i}+U(0,1)c(P_{i}-X_{i})) + (X_{i}+U(0,1)c(L_{i}-X_{i}))}{3} + \label{eqn:gravityVelocity2011} +\end{equation} + +\clearpage % aesthetic purpose + +\subsection{Tables} +Tables, figures etc. shall be numbered either consecutively throughout the thesis–Table 1, Figure 1 etc., or within individual chapters Chapter –Table1.1, but not within sections or subsections. With in the text tables should be referred to as table 1etc. + +\begin{table}[H] + \centering + \begin{tabular}{llllll} + D10 & min & max & median & std & average \\ + f1 & 0.00E+00 & 0.00E+00 & 0.00E+00 & 0.00E+00 & 0.00E+00 \\ + f3 & 4.40E-02 & 1.37E+08 & 3.49E+05 & 2.18E+07 & 6.46E+06 \\ + f8 & 2.01E+01 & 2.05E+01 & 2.03E+01 & 8.44E-02 & 2.03E+01 \\ + f9 & 1.51E+00 & 6.96E+00 & 4.54E+00 & 1.21E+00 & 4.53E+00 \\ + f15 & 1.41E+02 & 1.04E+03 & 7.16E+02 & 2.26E+02 & 6.64E+02 \\ + f20 & 1.26E+00 & 3.82E+00 & 3.02E+00 & 5.67E-01 & 2.93E+00 \\ + f21 & 1.00E+02 & 4.00E+02 & 4.00E+02 & 1.05E+02 & 3.33E+02 \\ + f22 & 8.79E+01 & 8.30E+02 & 4.83E+02 & 2.00E+02 & 4.91E+02 \\ + f25 & 2.04E+02 & 2.23E+02 & 2.15E+02 & 3.73E+00 & 2.15E+02 + \end{tabular} + \rule{35em}{0.5pt} + \caption[Example table]{Summary Statistics for the 10 dimensional case of PSO 2007 with a ring neighborhood of 4. I know you don't know what it means. But at least you have an example of a table. More info here \url{https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Tables}} + \label{tab:PSO_2007_D10_R4} +\end{table} + + +\subsection{Figures} +Because I think you are very interested in PSO (or I am just very lazy) here is a nice figure explaining how PSO 2006 works. +\begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \includegraphics[]{Figures/pso2006.png} + \rule{35em}{0.5pt} + \caption[SPSO 06/07 movement]{SPSO 2006 and 2007 particle's position update. $X'_{i}$ and $X"_{i}$ are temporary point to explain the second and third terms of equation \ref{eqn:velocityInertia}.} + \label{fig:schemaPSO2006Update} +\end{figure} + + +\clearpage % aesthetic purpose + +And while we are at it, look at the 2011 version, that you can't probably understand without the context, but eh, it's a figure to illustrate how to put some. We can see it is different than \fref{fig:schemaPSO2006Update} +\begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \includegraphics[]{Figures/pso2011.png} + \rule{35em}{0.5pt} + \caption[SPSO 2011 movement]{SPSO 2011 particle's position update. $X'_{i}$ is generated inside the hyper-sphere of center $G_{i}$.} + \label{fig:schemaPSO2011Update} +\end{figure} + +I placed my figure right after the text, but you will usually use other option to place them, such as \textit{htpb}. More info \url{https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Positioning_of_Figures}. + +\begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \rotatebox{90}{\includegraphics[width=22cm]{Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001}} + \rule{35em}{0.5pt} + \caption[Sideways picture]{How to put a very big picture sideways. It is in French but who cares?} + \label{fig:veryBigFigure} +\end{figure} + + +\begin{landscape} +\begin{figure}[!h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001} + \caption{How to put a figure in landscape instead} + \label{fig:verybigfigure2} +\end{figure} +\end{landscape} + + +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter2.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter2.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9681b78 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +\documentclass[../Thesis]{subfiles} +\begin{document} + +\chapter{Some Very Informative Text} +\chaptermark{Title of The Chapter} + +{ +\hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +\minitoc +} + +\section{Information} +\subsection{This is a test} + +Let's just have the equation of Charged PSO to see how equation are numbered through Chapter (spoil, per chapter): +\begin{equation} + V_{i} = wV_{i} + c_{1} * U(0,1) * (P_{i} - X_{i}) + c_{2} * U(0,1) * (L_{i} - X_{i}) + a_{i} \label{eqn:velocityChargedUpdate} +\end{equation} +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Congue eu consequat ac felis donec et odio pellentesque. Sem fringilla ut morbi tincidunt augue interdum. Imperdiet massa tincidunt nunc pulvinar sapien et ligula. Urna condimentum mattis pellentesque id nibh tortor. Fringilla est ullamcorper eget nulla facilisi etiam dignissim. Vel turpis nunc eget lorem dolor sed viverra ipsum nunc. Volutpat est velit egestas dui id ornare arcu odio. Pretium nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus. Aenean et tortor at risus viverra adipiscing at. Vivamus arcu felis bibendum ut tristique et egestas quis. Sollicitudin aliquam ultrices sagittis orci. Vulputate sapien nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum. + + +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter3.tex b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter3.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67f58fb --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Chapters/Chapter3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +\documentclass[../Thesis]{subfiles} +\begin{document} + +\chapter{Conclusion} +\chaptermark{This is the end, skyfall} + +{ +\hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +\minitoc +} + +\section{This is the end} + + +You have to finish your Thesis. 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Feedback is to be recorded and design is to be altered to alleviate concerns. + }; + + \node (ModularDesignMitigation) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode03, xshift=4.5cm, yshift=-4cm] + { + \textbf{Modular Design} + \nodepart{second} + Modularization of the design should allow for easy modification and adjustment of components as needed. + }; + + \node (RedundancySparePartsMitigation) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode03, xshift=9.5cm] + { + \textbf{Spare Part \& Redundancies} + \nodepart{second} + Spare parts are to be readily available, either in nearby storage or purchasable through local vendors by next business day. + }; + +\begin{comment} + \node (Part) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, right=of AuxNode02] + { + \textbf{PART} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + + \node (AuxNode03) [below=of Sensor] {}; + \node (Pressure) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode03, xshift=2cm] + { + \textbf{Pressure} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (Temperature) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, right=of AuxNode03, xshift=-2cm] + { + \textbf{Temperature} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (PressureInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Pressure, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-p-suction\newline fw-p-delivery\newline fw-p-loop\newline sw-p-suction\newline sw-p-delivery + \newline sw-p-loop + }; + \node (ClOp) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of PressureInstants] + { + \textbf{Closed/Open} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (ClOpInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of ClOp, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-clop-warm-up\newline sw-clop-control + }; + \node (TemperatureInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Temperature, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-t-engine\newline fw-t-heat-exch.\newline sw-t-heat-exch. + }; + \node (Level) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of TemperatureInstants] + { + \textbf{Level} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (LevelInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Level, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-l-tank + }; + \node (Ammeter) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of LevelInstants] + { + \textbf{Ammeter} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (AmmeterInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Ammeter, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-pump-ammeter\newline sw-pump-ammeter + }; + + \node (AuxNode04) [below=of Part] {}; + \node (Pump) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode04, xshift=2cm] + { + \textbf{Pump} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (Valve) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, right=of AuxNode04, xshift=-2cm] + { + \textbf{Valve} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (PumpInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Pump, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-pump\newline sw-pump + }; + \node (Tank) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of PumpInstants] + { + \textbf{Tank} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (ValveInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Valve, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-suction-valve\newline fw-delivery-valve\newline sw-suction-valve\newline sw-delivery-valve + \newline sw-discharge-valve\newline sw-control-valve + }; + \node (Engine) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of ValveInstants] + { + \textbf{Engine} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (TankInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Tank, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-expansion-tank + }; + \node (HeatExchanger) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of TankInstants] + { + \textbf{Heat Exchanger} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (HeatExchangerInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of HeatExchanger, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-heat-exchanger + }; + \node (EngineInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Engine, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-engine + }; + \node (Strainer) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of HeatExchangerInstants] + { + \textbf{Strainer} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (StrainerInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Strainer, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}sw-strainer + }; + \node (Coolant) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.4cm of EngineInstants] + { + \textbf{Coolant} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (CoolantInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of Coolant, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-coolant\newline sw-coolant + }; + + \node (AuxNode05) [below=of System] {}; + \node (CoolingSystem) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, left=of AuxNode05, xshift=2cm] + { + \textbf{Cooling System} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (CoolingLoop) [abstract, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, right=of AuxNode05, xshift=-2cm] + { + \textbf{Cooling Loop} + \nodepart{second}nil + }; + \node (CoolingSystemInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of CoolingSystem, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}cool + }; + \node (CoolingLoopInstants) [comment, rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=0.2cm of CoolingLoop, text justified] + { + \textbf{Instants} + \nodepart{second}fw-loop\newline sw-loop + }; + + + \draw[myarrow] (Sensor.north) -- ++(0,0.8) -| (TechnicalRisk.south); + \draw[line] (Sensor.north) -- ++(0,0.8) -| (Part.north); + + \draw[line] (Pressure.west) -- ++(-0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Temperature.east) -- ++(0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Level.east) -- ++(0.2,0); + \draw[myarrow] (ClOp.west) -- ++(-0.2,0) -- ([yshift=0.5cm, xshift=-0.2cm] Pressure.north west) -| + ([xshift=-1cm]Sensor.south); + \draw[myarrow] (Ammeter.east) -- ++(0.2,0) -- ([yshift=0.5cm, xshift=0.2cm] Temperature.north east) -| + ([xshift=1cm]Sensor.south); + + \draw[line] (Tank.west) -- ++(-0.2,0); + \draw[line] (HeatExchanger.west) -- ++(-0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Pump.west) -- ++(-0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Valve.east) -- ++(0.2,0); + \draw[line] (Engine.east) -- ++(0.2,0); + \draw[myarrow] (Strainer.west) -- ++(-0.2,0) -- ([yshift=0.5cm, xshift=-0.2cm] Pump.north west) -| + ([xshift=-1cm]Part.south); + \draw[myarrow] (Coolant.east) -- ++(0.2,0) -- ([yshift=0.5cm, xshift=0.2cm] Valve.north east) -| + ([xshift=1cm]Part.south); + + \draw[myarrow] (CoolingSystem.north) -- ++(0,0.8) -| (System.south); + \draw[line] (CoolingSystem.north) -- ++(0,0.8) -| (CoolingLoop.north); +\end{comment} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001.png b/proposal_archive/Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecacc75 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Figures/rk4_0-100_dt-0-0001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:32399f890fe06d17701013ed980469acc576489865f99698fce199af4c6c0c27 +size 112125 diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-config.tex b/proposal_archive/I-config.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a406131 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-config.tex @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +%% prefer than direct use in usepackage geometry +%% A4 layout in point is % 595x842 + +%% default value +\setlength{\hoffset}{0pt} +\setlength{\voffset}{0pt} + +%% height +%% 72 - 60 + 20 + 25 = 57 +\setlength{\topmargin}{-60pt} +\setlength{\headheight}{20pt} +\setlength{\headsep}{25pt} + +\setlength{\footskip}{30pt} + +%% width +%% 72 + 32 + 10 = 114pt = 40mm +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\evensidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\marginparsep}{10pt} + +%% size text +\setlength{\textheight}{728pt} +\setlength{\textwidth}{425pt} + +%% style +%% preliminary, just roman pagination + empty header +\fancypagestyle{preliminary}{ + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} + \fancyhead[RCL]{} + + \pagenumbering{Roman} +} +%% chapter/classic text style +\fancypagestyle{chapter}{ + %% title of the chapter, left header, no uppercase, 10 pt, italics, no bold + \fancyhead[L]{\normalfont\itshape\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont\nouppercase{\leftmark}} + \fancyhead[R]{} + + \fancyfoot[C]{\thepage} + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt} + \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} + \pagenumbering{arabic} +} + +%% define length and scaling for baseline +\newcommand{\headingBaseline}{12} +\newcommand{\headingBaselineDiv}{10} +\newlength{\chapterFontSize} +\newlength{\sectionFontSize} +\newlength{\subsectionFontSize} +\newlength{\chapterBaseline} +\newlength{\sectionBaseline} +\newlength{\subsectionBaseline} + +%% change those value if you want to change the chapter/section/subsection font size +\setlength{\chapterFontSize}{14pt} +\setlength{\sectionFontSize}{12pt} +\setlength{\subsectionFontSize}{12pt} + +%% automatic computation for baseline, rule of thumb is 1.2 +\setlength{\chapterBaseline}{ \chapterFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\sectionBaseline}{ \sectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\subsectionBaseline}{ \subsectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} + + +%% headings +%% Chapter, 14-point, bold +\titleformat{\chapter}[display] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter, +% \titleformat{\chapter}[display] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\chapter}{0pt}{10pt}{25pt} + +%% Section, 12-point +\titleformat{\section}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter +% \titleformat{\section}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{25pt}{15pt} + +%% Subsection, 12-point, italic +\titleformat{\subsection}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{} +% \titleformat{\subsection}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont\MakeLowercase}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{\makefirstuc} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{20pt}{10pt} + +%% table of content +\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Table of Contents} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{2} +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} + +%% list of figure +\renewcommand*\listfigurename{Figure table} + +%% init gloassaries +%% noidx cause otherwise we have to do a normal glossary, compile, then remove it so it is cached +%% because we only use acronym +\makenoidxglossaries + +%% bibliography config +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/6977 +\DeclareBibliographyCategory{cited} +\AtEveryCitekey{\addtocategory{cited}{\thefield{entrykey}}} +%\addbibresource{Bibliography.bib} +%\addbibresource{../literature_review.bib} + +%% hyperref setup +\hypersetup{ + colorlinks = true, + linkcolor = blue, % normal internal links, like ref, can be black tbh + citecolor = blue, % bibliographical links + urlcolor = blue, % linked urls + filecolor = black % url which open local bfiles +} + +%% modified reference function +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/438998 +\newcommand\eref[1]{equation~(\ref{#1})} +\newcommand\tref[1]{table~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand\fref[1]{figure~\ref{#1}} + +%% 1.5 line spacing +\setstretch{1.5} diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-glossary.tex b/proposal_archive/I-glossary.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..058d391 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-glossary.tex @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +\newacronym{gcd}{GCD}{Greatest Common Divisor} +\newacronym{lcm}{LCM}{Least Common Multiple} diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-info.tex b/proposal_archive/I-info.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d792127 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-info.tex @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +% [[file:thesis.org::+BEGIN_SRC latex :tangle I-info.tex][No heading:1]] +%% The title of Thesis +\newcommand{\thesisTitle}{Cavitation Erosion of Blended Stellite Alloys} +%% Number of Volume, if more than one +%% not sure how it works out with latex tbh +%\newcommand{\numberVolume}{2} +%% The number of this volume +%\newcommand{\actualVolume}{1} +%% The author's name (you) +\newcommand{\authorName}{Vishakh Pradeep Kumar} +%% Distinctions/Qualifications if desired +%\newcommand{\distinction}{} +%% The qualification +\newcommand{\degreeQualification}{MSc. Mechanical Engineering} +%% The institution +%\newcommand{\institution}{Some weird institute no one ever heard about} +%% The school +\newcommand{\school}{School of Engineering and Physical Sciences} +\newcommand{\university}{Heriot-Watt University} +%% Month of submission +\newcommand{\monthDate}{April} +%% Year of submission +\newcommand{\yearDate}{2024} +% No heading:1 ends here diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-packages-2.tex b/proposal_archive/I-packages-2.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3ff884 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-packages-2.tex @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +\usepackage{subfiles} diff --git a/proposal_archive/I-packages.tex b/proposal_archive/I-packages.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06348b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/I-packages.tex @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +\usepackage{graphicx} % include graphics +\usepackage{fancyhdr} % layout +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % font +\usepackage{setspace} % spacing +% \usepackage[left=4cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry} +\usepackage{mathptmx} % looks like times new roman +\usepackage{slantsc} +\usepackage{titlesec} +\usepackage{mfirstuc} +\usepackage{calc}% http://ctan.org/pkg/calc +\usepackage[acronym, nonumberlist]{glossaries} % https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Glossaries +\usepackage[defernumbers=true, sorting=none]{biblatex} +\usepackage{hyperref} % https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref +\usepackage{pdfpages} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{minitoc} +\usepackage{pdflscape} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/1-titlepages.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/1-titlepages.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..037b727 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/1-titlepages.tex @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +\begin{center} +\vspace*{15pt}\par +\setstretch{1} +% \hrule +% \vspace{10pt}\par +\begin{spacing}{1.8} +%% you can replace by \MakeUppercase if you want uppercase +{\Large\bfseries\MakeLowercase{\capitalisewords{\thesisTitle}}}\\ +\end{spacing} +% \hrule +% This thesis is composed of \numberVolume volumes. This one is the number \actualVolume. + +\vspace{40pt}\par +\includegraphics[width=140pt]{Figures/logo.png}\\ +\vspace{40pt}\par + + +{\itshape\fontsize{15.5pt}{19pt}\selectfont by\\}\vspace{15pt}\par + +{ +\Large \authorName +% , \distinction +}\vspace{55pt}\par + +{ +\large Submitted for the degree of \\ \vspace{8pt} \Large\slshape\degreeQualification\\ +} + +\vspace{35pt}\par + +{\scshape\setstretch{1.5} \institution\\ \school\\ \university\\ +} + +\vspace{50pt}\par + + +{\large \monthDate\ \yearDate} + +%\vfill + +%\begin{flushleft} +%\setstretch{1.4}\small +%The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. +%\end{flushleft} +\end{center} + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/2-abstract.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/2-abstract.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09e1786 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/2-abstract.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Abstract} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent +In accordance with the Academic Regulations the thesis must contain an abstract preferably not exceeding 200 words, bound in to precede the thesis. The abstract should appear on its own, on a single page. The format should be the same as that of the main text. The abstract should provide a synopsis of the thesis and shall state clearly the nature and scope of the research undertaken and of the contribution made to the knowledge of the subject treated. There should be a brief statement of the method of investigation where appropriate, an outline of the major divisions or principal arguments of the work and a summary of any conclusions reached. The abstract must follow the Title Page. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/3-dedication.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/3-dedication.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0327ef --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/3-dedication.tex @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Dedication} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +If a dedication is included then it should be immediately after the Abstract page.\par +I don't what it is actually. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/4-acknowledgments.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/4-acknowledgments.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..55760cc --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/4-acknowledgments.tex @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Acknowledgements} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent I wanna thanks all coffee and tea manufacturers and sellers that made the completion of this work possible. diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..621429b Binary files /dev/null and b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf differ diff --git a/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.tex b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..457b94e --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Preliminaries/5-declaration.tex @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +Declaration statement + +https://www.hw.ac.uk/students/studies/examinations/thesis.htm + +This form should be placed after the Acknowledgements and bound into every copy of the thesis. Please note that the Student Service Centre will be unable to accept your thesis if the form is not bound into each submitted copy + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Publications/Publication1.pdf b/proposal_archive/Publications/Publication1.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12efe30 Binary files /dev/null and b/proposal_archive/Publications/Publication1.pdf differ diff --git a/proposal_archive/README.md b/proposal_archive/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..610b2ad --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +# Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template +A template for LaTeX. Should be following the guidelines for the submission of a thesis at Heriot-Watt University. + +## Copyright/Licensing +This template is licensed under the MIT License. You can use it, modify it, distribute it, as long as the License and Copyright notice are included. You don't need to provide the copyright notice in the pdf version of your thesis. However if you provide or make public the latex version, please include it. The License limitations includes liability and warranty. + +MIT is softer than the lppl or whatever other License you can find, hence my use of it. + +## Disclaimer +Any word missing or other type of error should be attributed to my lack of attention and my absence of motivation about reading everything twice. + +## Implementation +I tried to follow the guideline as much as possible, here is what I made: +- A4 sized, with 40mm left margin and 20mm other margin, with 2 spaces between sentences and 1.5 spacing between lines, with justified text. +- 12pt font, similar to Times New Roman (LaTeX don't have the exact one) +- Page Numbering 10mm above the edge, Roman numerals (possible to remove) for the preliminaries +- Titlepage with everything asked for +- Abstract/Dedication/Acknowledgements page +- Pdf inclusion code to add the Declaration form right in the Thesis +- Table of Content, List of Tables, Figures, Glossary (for acronym), List of Publications by the Candidate (using the bibliography system) +- One chapter per files, that you can compile alone to avoid long compilation on the whole Thesis +- Heading: chapter 14pt, section 12pt, subsection 12pt italicised, all bold. Chapter and section have capitalised initial in the heading (not in the toc). It can be changed in the config files as it can be annoying if you have word that should be all uppercase. +- Chapter numbering, note numbering +- Headers with chapter title (or leftmark if you change it), 10pt italicsm no bold, Footers with only page number +- Table/Figures/Equations command for referencing, propoer numbering +- Appendices letter numbering +- Published paper as pdf in appendix, referenced in toc +- List of reference and Bibliography (or further reading) using biblatex + +## Modifications + +There is probably some modifications to the Template itself you want to make. I'll try to list a few I thought of. + +### Contributing +If you think the one you did are worth mentionning, you can submit a Pull Request to this repository with your modifications. In the even I don't have time to maintain this repository in the future, feel free to fork it and contact me about it, I'll update the README to inform people to look at your fork instead. + +### Comment +You will find some comment in the Template. It is often there to change some part. The most notable one are: +- the Table Of Content/List Of Figures/etc one, which allow you to remove the pagination from those specific pages (it is very annoying to do) +- Some part of the title page I don't think are necessary + +It also works the other way, part such as the List of Figures, List of Publications, Bibliography, etc are optional and can be commented. + +### Heading +I followed the guidelines regarding the heading size, which makes them way smaller than the default LaTeX style and also less noticeable. This can be changed in the `I-config.tex` files. Line 57-59 define the constant defining the size of the headder. The baseline is automatically computed. The style itself can be changed in the next part, starting line 69. + +### Glossary +I used the acronym version for the glossary, and I am not using the `\gls` command. You can have more details here: [Overleaf help](https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Glossaries). This is bit annoying to work with, as without the `noidx` command, you need first to create a normal glossary, then comment it and create your acronym gloassary. The package is creating some cached files, and apparently need it this way. The way it is written in the template works however, but if you want more functionality from the package, you will have to implement them yourself. + +### Bibliography +I put 3 bibliographies: +- The list of publications (yours) if you have one +- The list of references, the work you cite +- The bliography or further reading, for any works you used but don't cite + +Only the references use a numbered column. The two other are sorted alphabetically. Your work should be put in the `BibMine.bib` file. It will be listed in the References and Further reading (depending if you cite it). If you want to change that, you will have to modify the `refsection` and/or create some new one. Everything was done with biblatex. + +### Section/Chapter heading / Thesis title +I originally added some auto capitalising because I thought it was nice, but it can be pretty annoying if you want to write full uppercase word, and it doesn't appear in the TOC. I left it commented if you want to still use it however + +## How to use + +### Overleaf +A template is available on Overleaf [here](https://www.overleaf.com/latex/templates/heriot-watt-thesis-template/whcchqtmfxgf) + +### Github +You can download the lastest version (normally the same as on Overleaf) on [github](https://github.com/jackred/Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template) clicking on `code` then `Download ZIP`. You can also clone or fork the repository directly to create your thesis repository. diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.aux b/proposal_archive/Thesis.aux new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aaeb7b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.aux @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +\relax +\providecommand\hyper@newdestlabel[2]{} +\abx@aux@refcontext{nty/global//global/global} +\providecommand\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\AtBeginDocument} +\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined +\global\let\oldcontentsline\contentsline +\gdef\contentsline#1#2#3#4{\oldcontentsline{#1}{#2}{#3}} +\global\let\oldnewlabel\newlabel +\gdef\newlabel#1#2{\newlabelxx{#1}#2} +\gdef\newlabelxx#1#2#3#4#5#6{\oldnewlabel{#1}{{#2}{#3}}} +\AtEndDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined +\let\contentsline\oldcontentsline +\let\newlabel\oldnewlabel +\fi} +\fi} +\global\let\hyper@last\relax +\gdef\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument#1{#1} +\providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToFields[1]{} +\providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToCoFields[2]{} +\providecommand\@newglossary[4]{} +\@newglossary{main}{glg}{gls}{glo} +\@newglossary{acronym}{alg}{acr}{acn} +\providecommand\@gls@reference[3]{} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Franc2004265} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Franc2004265} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{GEVARI2020115065} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{GEVARI2020115065} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Romo201216} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Romo201216} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Kumar2024} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Kumar2024} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Kim200685} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Kim200685} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Gao2024} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Gao2024} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{20221xix} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{20221xix} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Usta2023} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Usta2023} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Cheng2023} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Cheng2023} +\abx@aux@category{cited}{Cheng2023} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Zheng2022} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Zheng2022} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Chen201442} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Chen201442} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Mokrane2019} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Mokrane2019} +\abx@aux@category{cited}{Chen201442} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Shin2003117} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Shin2003117} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Crook1992766} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Crook1992766} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Desai198489} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Desai198489} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Youdelis1983379} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Youdelis1983379} +\abx@aux@category{cited}{Crook1992766} +\abx@aux@category{cited}{Desai198489} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Ahmed2021} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Ahmed2021} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Crook199427} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{Crook199427} +\abx@aux@category{cited}{Ahmed2021} +\abx@aux@category{cited}{Crook199427} +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Project Proposal}{1}{chapter.1}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} +\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} +\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {xchapter}{Project Proposal}{1}{chapter.1}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {xchapter}{Project Proposal}{1}{chapter.1}\protected@file@percent } +\abx@aux@cite{0}{Zhang20153579} 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It will be recreated by +% biber as required. +% +\begingroup +\makeatletter +\@ifundefined{ver@biblatex.sty} + {\@latex@error + {Missing 'biblatex' package} + {The bibliography requires the 'biblatex' package.} + \aftergroup\endinput} + {} +\endgroup + + +\refsection{0} + \datalist[entry]{nty/global//global/global} + \entry{Ahmed2023}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=8da5f61983121a25e044ca92bd036b2a}{% + family={Fardan}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{fullhash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{bibnamehash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{authornamehash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \strng{authorfullhash}{b3a15b2b31620e3640b3b3a16271687c} + \field{sortinit}{A} + \field{sortinithash}{2f401846e2029bad6b3ecc16d50031e2} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Stellite alloys have good wear resistance and maintain their strength up to ~ 600°C, making them suitable for various industrial applications like cutting tools and combustion engine parts. This investigation was aimed at i) manufacturing new Stellite alloy blends using powder metallurgy and ii) mathematically mapping hardness, yield strength, ductility and impact energy of base and alloy blends. Linear, exponential, polynomial approximations and dimensional analyses were conducted in this semi-empirical mathematical modelling approach. Base alloy compositions similar to Stellite 1, 4, 6, 12, 20 and 190 were used in this investigation to form new alloys via blends. The microstructure was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Mechanical performance of alloys was conducted using tensile, hardness and Charpy impact tests. MATLAB® coding was used for the development of property maps. This investigation indicates that hardness and yield strength can be linked to the wt.\% composition of carbon and tungsten using linear approximation with a maximum variance of 5\% and 20\%, respectively. Elongation and carbide fraction showed a non-linear relationship with alloy composition. Impact energy was linked with elongation through polynomial approximation. A dimensional analysis was developed by interlinking carbide fraction, hardness, yield strength, and elongation to impact energy. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.} + \field{journaltitle}{Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies} + \field{note}{Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Green Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access} + \field{title}{Mapping the mechanical properties of cobalt-based stellite alloys manufactured via blending} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{year}{2023} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1080/2374068X.2023.2220242 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ahmed2021}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=75bf7913ab7463c6e3734bec975046fc}{% + family={Villiers\bibnamedelima Lovelock}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.L.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}, + prefix={de}, + prefixi={d\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{fullhash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{bibnamehash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{authornamehash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \strng{authorfullhash}{652318761812c14e2605b641664892df} + \field{sortinit}{A} + \field{sortinithash}{2f401846e2029bad6b3ecc16d50031e2} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{Cited by: 13} + \field{title}{Sliding wear of blended cobalt based alloys} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{466-467} + \field{year}{2021} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.wear.2020.203533 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ahmed20138}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + 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\field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Tribology International} + \field{note}{Cited by: 33} + \field{title}{Influence of Re-HIPing on the structure-property relationships of cobalt-based alloys} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{57} + \field{year}{2013} + \field{pages}{8\bibrangedash 21} + \range{pages}{14} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.triboint.2012.06.025 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ahmed201470}{article}{} + \name{author}{7}{}{% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=b552922eec4e7175e66609f3e11152e3}{% + family={Ashraf}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=145daf06393e14faf89e790de4a50404}{% + family={Elameen}, + familyi={E\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1c8f35a67217a8f6cbd1f8d3edb797b0}{% + family={Faisal}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={N.H.}, + giveni={N\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=5bf83cf496101d151bbd94a2cca8bbc2}{% + family={El-Sherik}, + familyi={E\bibinithyphendelim S\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.M.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=f360754165e65bab8e87dd3e7aca95bd}{% + family={Elakwah}, + familyi={E\bibinitperiod}, + given={Y.O.}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1b3addb2e90c3e138b74db31e00608e8}{% + family={Goosen}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.F.A.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{82fc6b0dd69b51d07006a5e8127c7a8f} + \strng{fullhash}{556606f570f2a5902b98e54ed6912e82} + \strng{bibnamehash}{82fc6b0dd69b51d07006a5e8127c7a8f} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{82fc6b0dd69b51d07006a5e8127c7a8f} + \strng{authornamehash}{82fc6b0dd69b51d07006a5e8127c7a8f} + \strng{authorfullhash}{556606f570f2a5902b98e54ed6912e82} + \field{extraname}{2} + \field{sortinit}{A} + \field{sortinithash}{2f401846e2029bad6b3ecc16d50031e2} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{cited By 41} + \field{number}{1-2} + \field{title}{Single asperity nanoscratch behaviour of HIPed and cast Stellite 6 alloys} + \field{volume}{312} + \field{year}{2014} + \field{pages}{70\bibrangedash 82} + \range{pages}{13} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.wear.2014.02.006 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ashworth1999243}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=a0a9668f5a93080c8425a8cf80e9d0d2}{% + family={Ashworth}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.A.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=861f02603fbb24a7065a7efd1c8a7e84}{% + family={Bryar}, + familyi={B\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.C.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=27753a82b6390957cb920ec5052f0810}{% + family={Jacobs}, + familyi={J\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.H.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \list{language}{1}{% + {English}% + } + \list{publisher}{1}{% + {Maney Publishing}% + } + \strng{namehash}{abac9b3a3bd887c0c8dedb4a4e169c92} + \strng{fullhash}{21073b0f0b4358cee2a29a604087751a} + \strng{bibnamehash}{abac9b3a3bd887c0c8dedb4a4e169c92} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{abac9b3a3bd887c0c8dedb4a4e169c92} + \strng{authornamehash}{abac9b3a3bd887c0c8dedb4a4e169c92} + \strng{authorfullhash}{21073b0f0b4358cee2a29a604087751a} + \field{sortinit}{A} + \field{sortinithash}{2f401846e2029bad6b3ecc16d50031e2} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{In the present paper the microstructure and properties of a range of hipped Stellite powders are investigated, the basic aim of the study being to generate a material/property database to facilitate alloy selection for potential applications involving net shape component manufacture. Particular attention is paid to the morphology, particle size distribution, and surface composition of the as atomised powders and their effect on subsequent consolidation. The consolidated powders are fully characterised in terms of microstructure and the composition and distribution of secondary phases. The effect of hipping temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of the powders are discussed in terms of the optimum processing temperature for the various alloys.} + \field{issn}{00325899} + \field{journaltitle}{Powder Metallurgy} + \field{note}{Cited by: 21} + \field{number}{3} + \field{title}{Microstructure and property relationships in hipped Stellite powders} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{42} + \field{year}{1999} + \field{pages}{243\bibrangedash 249} + \range{pages}{7} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1179/003258999665585 + \endverb + \keyw{Consolidation; Hardness; Hot isostatic pressing; Metallographic microstructure; Metallographic phases; Morphology; Particle size analysis; Powder metals; Surface structure; Tensile properties; Thermal effects; Wear resistance; Atomised powders; Hipped stellite powders; Net shape component manufacture; Stellite} + \endentry + \entry{Chen201442}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=9ce5142cfd8d1c2cef3d3a1795a6e892}{% + family={Chen}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Fei-Jun}, + giveni={F\bibinithyphendelim J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=551ea7bc38f82912c2ee4f39b5f986bd}{% + family={Yao}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Cheng}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2d4d6ada5ba6b8efe68970cb2a98d162}{% + family={Yang}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Zhen-Guo}, + giveni={Z\bibinithyphendelim G\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{fullhash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{bibnamehash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{authornamehash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \strng{authorfullhash}{caad37e42c6b5d7dd4d918243ee2fc46} + \field{sortinit}{C} + \field{sortinithash}{4d103a86280481745c9c897c925753c0} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Engineering Failure Analysis} + \field{note}{Cited by: 44} + \field{title}{Failure analysis on abnormal wall thinning of heat-transfer titanium tubes of condensers in nuclear power plant Part II: Erosion and cavitation corrosion} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{37} + \field{year}{2014} + \field{pages}{42\bibrangedash 52} + \range{pages}{11} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.11.002 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Cheng2023}{article}{} + \name{author}{6}{}{% + {{hash=8f654dacacc03006195979b12b096c07}{% + family={Cheng}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Feng}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=6d764bc3263d41bbaa6cf2479004c3aa}{% + family={Wu}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Fujia}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=557b5bf05ca404c8f58d52b022bcc787}{% + family={Wang}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Shuo}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2edd70af216c3594995fd9e5ed10f73d}{% + family={Peng}, + familyi={P\bibinitperiod}, + given={Xiaoxing}, + giveni={X\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=58c0f4ca7214428a8b177e0725ddb48f}{% + family={Cao}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Yantao}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1072e46f1428ee437063f36eb2e2e95b}{% + family={Yang}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Shifei}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{e113b101a5313ae720de2277f2e0cf4e} + \strng{fullhash}{7f9b261ccc10218511f63a5abc4406a0} + \strng{bibnamehash}{e113b101a5313ae720de2277f2e0cf4e} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{e113b101a5313ae720de2277f2e0cf4e} + \strng{authornamehash}{e113b101a5313ae720de2277f2e0cf4e} + \strng{authorfullhash}{7f9b261ccc10218511f63a5abc4406a0} + \field{sortinit}{C} + \field{sortinithash}{4d103a86280481745c9c897c925753c0} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Tribology International} + \field{note}{Cited by: 2} + \field{title}{A prediction model for suction cavitation erosion in a journal bearing} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{184} + \field{year}{2023} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.triboint.2023.108424 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Crook1992766}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=16985215fbfc4124567154cd4ca61487}{% + family={Crook}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={P.}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=c17dfa16af9603e39212f8cc1ee2f33c}{% + family={Levy}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.V.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{fullhash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{bibnamehash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{authornamehash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \strng{authorfullhash}{326c5b78ffecefc4d75abb404fd22a9e} + \field{sortinit}{C} + \field{sortinithash}{4d103a86280481745c9c897c925753c0} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{ASM Handbook} + \field{note}{cited By 18} + \field{title}{Friction and wear of cobalt-base wrought alloys} + \field{volume}{18} + \field{year}{1992} + \field{pages}{766\bibrangedash 771} + \range{pages}{6} + \endentry + \entry{Crook199427}{article}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf}{% + family={Crook}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Paul}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{fullhash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{bibnamehash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{authornamehash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \strng{authorfullhash}{20721170e33be8ab372be42b8a0606cf} + \field{sortinit}{C} + \field{sortinithash}{4d103a86280481745c9c897c925753c0} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Advanced Materials and Processes} + \field{note}{cited By 22} + \field{number}{4} + \field{title}{Cobalt-base alloys resist wear, corrosion, and heat} + \field{volume}{145} + \field{year}{1994} + \field{pages}{27\bibrangedash 30} + \range{pages}{4} + \endentry + \entry{Desai198489}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=fc05df304d9bc11398a5c124af37591d}{% + family={Desai}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={V.M.}, + giveni={V\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ec550afc1e3aea4900fb58655a64f6da}{% + family={Rao}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={C.M.}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=33b6be2f67c7c521e0d9dd2e94cb03fa}{% + family={Kosel}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={T.H.}, + giveni={T\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1ad7f5a75d8dc26e538ca7e4d233e622}{% + family={Fiore}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={N.F.}, + giveni={N\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{aeae2b334e415789011cf05b2beda57d} + \strng{fullhash}{3e12109fb3ad3bbc6eba6a83ee61b7de} + \strng{bibnamehash}{aeae2b334e415789011cf05b2beda57d} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{aeae2b334e415789011cf05b2beda57d} + \strng{authornamehash}{aeae2b334e415789011cf05b2beda57d} + \strng{authorfullhash}{3e12109fb3ad3bbc6eba6a83ee61b7de} + \field{sortinit}{D} + \field{sortinithash}{6f385f66841fb5e82009dc833c761848} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{cited By 57} + \field{number}{1} + \field{title}{Effect of carbide size on the abrasion of cobalt-base powder metallurgy alloys} + \field{volume}{94} + \field{year}{1984} + \field{pages}{89\bibrangedash 101} + \range{pages}{13} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/0043-1648(84)90168-6 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Ding201797}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=2eaf2f6ae9a17a6cd4c7c02fce21d700}{% + family={Ding}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={Yinping}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=6e0407cf2820edaaaeebbc9f383e0490}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Rong}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2b00ca9ea5084e5849e3a5a7ed7bda50}{% + family={Yao}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Jianhua}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1f585645b6265eaf4aecf3077e06bac5}{% + family={Zhang}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={Qunli}, + giveni={Q\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=cce05cab2c437e9c128f853684ee3137}{% + family={Wang}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Liang}, + giveni={L\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{0d002b7be241610612472ae1588e166c} + \strng{fullhash}{f3b9bb41ad54f4d97f9ff1df2a6b4a28} + \strng{bibnamehash}{0d002b7be241610612472ae1588e166c} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{0d002b7be241610612472ae1588e166c} + \strng{authornamehash}{0d002b7be241610612472ae1588e166c} + \strng{authorfullhash}{f3b9bb41ad54f4d97f9ff1df2a6b4a28} + \field{sortinit}{D} + \field{sortinithash}{6f385f66841fb5e82009dc833c761848} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{A Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing consisting of 70% Stellite 3 and 30% Stellite 21, is created via laser cladding for control valve seat sealing surfaces, aiming at enhancing hardness and wear resistance compared with Stellite 6, and improving cracking in laser cladding compared with Stellite 3. The Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing is made on 316 stainless steel substrate and does not show any cracking in liquid penetrant testing. The microstructure of the hardfacing is analyzed using SEM, EDS and XRD. The hardness, dry sliding wear resistance, cavitation-erosion resistance in NaOH solution and corrosion resistance in morpholine solution at pH 9.5 to simulate the amine environment of boiler feedwater service in power generation plants, are evaluated. The Stellite 6 hardfacing prepared with the same laser process parameters is also analyzed and tested under the same conditions for comparison. The experimental results and real industrial test demonstrate superior performance of the Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing to the Stellite 6 hardfacing for control valve seat sealing application. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.} + \field{journaltitle}{Surface and Coatings Technology} + \field{note}{Cited by: 57} + \field{title}{Stellite alloy mixture hardfacing via laser cladding for control valve seat sealing surfaces} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{329} + \field{year}{2017} + \field{pages}{97\bibrangedash 108} + \range{pages}{12} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.09.018 + \endverb + \keyw{Cavitation; Cavitation corrosion; Cladding (coating); Corrosion; Corrosion resistance; Cracks; Electrochemical corrosion; Erosion; Hardness; Laser cladding; Mixtures; Nondestructive examination; Safety valves; Stainless steel; Steel testing; Stellite; Wear resistance; 316 stainless steel; Cavitation erosion resistance; Dry sliding wear; Laser process parameters; Liquid-penetrant testing; Power generation plants; Sealing applications; Stellite alloy; Alloy steel} + \endentry + \entry{DUBOS2020128812}{article}{} + \name{author}{8}{}{% + {{hash=9a1119596e1b4d4b23c0a148f6be566c}{% + family={Dubos}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={Pierre-Antoine}, + giveni={P\bibinithyphendelim A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=01e964477cfd75eeae5b3b943c3b962f}{% + family={Fajoui}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={Jamal}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=129c0ffd557e8feeb5a8b4b7b792c839}{% + family={Iskounen}, + familyi={I\bibinitperiod}, + given={Nadjib}, + giveni={N\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=a0b974802709aa401fbb4420cfeea3db}{% + family={Coret}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Michel}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=3621a3c6ca2b622f5a6d10bec40d021d}{% + family={Kabra}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Saurabh}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=21d695de83cb08e5fcad52c7d96928e1}{% + family={Kelleher}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Joe}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0977b957b854668cd42a1381f69ebf22}{% + family={Girault}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Baptiste}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=e6d6e3c69ceda316a5670caa0b5a539f}{% + family={Gloaguen}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={David}, + giveni={D\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{19950fb5a63db6a9fd0828833b72ef30} + \strng{fullhash}{2d85e92bd28793bdc05ec4381d10cc12} + \strng{bibnamehash}{19950fb5a63db6a9fd0828833b72ef30} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{19950fb5a63db6a9fd0828833b72ef30} + \strng{authornamehash}{19950fb5a63db6a9fd0828833b72ef30} + \strng{authorfullhash}{2d85e92bd28793bdc05ec4381d10cc12} + \field{sortinit}{D} + \field{sortinithash}{6f385f66841fb5e82009dc833c761848} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Thermal and mechanical effects on the phase transformation of polycrystalline two-phase HCP/FCC cobalt have been studied in coupled and decoupled ways. This experimental work has involved in situ X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis to determine phase proportions under various thermomechanical conditions, those which are not referenced in the litterature. A quantitative analysis is proposed to better understand phase transformation in a cobalt rolled sheet. New experimental results show that the metastable FCC retained phase can be transformed into HCP phase by a mechanical loading. In accordance with the theory and the literature, the prominent phase (HCP) can subsequently be transformed with an increase of temperature above 743 K.} + \field{issn}{0167-577X} + \field{journaltitle}{Materials Letters} + \field{title}{Temperature effect on strain-induced phase transformation of cobalt} + \field{volume}{281} + \field{year}{2020} + \field{pages}{128812} + \range{pages}{1} + \verb{doi} + \verb https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128812 + \endverb + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167577X20315196 + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167577X20315196 + \endverb + \keyw{Cobalt,Phase transformation,Diffraction,Mechanical behavior,characterization} + \endentry + \entry{Franc2004265}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=ef942b0b95388b2d9142189e3eb79cf7}{% + family={Franc}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.P.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=7a9440fb866e343e95aa80ee3d668b90}{% + family={Michel}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.M.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{fullhash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{bibnamehash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{authornamehash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \strng{authorfullhash}{6fd232567af171f93083503321a6b925} + \field{sortinit}{F} + \field{sortinithash}{2638baaa20439f1b5a8f80c6c08a13b4} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{journaltitle}{Fundamentals of Cavitation} + \field{note}{cited By 959} + \field{year}{2004} + \field{pages}{265} + \range{pages}{1} + \endentry + \entry{Frenk199481}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=6e61e4cc50de7f0f6f6fa42dce1a72c1}{% + family={Frenk}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=38d34d9973e4cdc0ed305fca9bfc6034}{% + family={Kurz}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={W.}, + giveni={W\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{fullhash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{bibnamehash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{authornamehash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \strng{authorfullhash}{1470295c00338871700e4ccaea4e2085} + \field{sortinit}{F} + \field{sortinithash}{2638baaa20439f1b5a8f80c6c08a13b4} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{cited By 126} + \field{number}{1-2} + \field{title}{Microstructural effects on the sliding wear resistance of a cobalt-based alloy} + \field{volume}{174} + \field{year}{1994} + \field{pages}{81\bibrangedash 91} + \range{pages}{11} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/0043-1648(94)90089-2 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Gao2024}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=ddd762e6a81e0cea53e6abb0ae3c6c4d}{% + family={Gao}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Guiyan}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=df2adc553a4ff58eab8725cbeaf0a23b}{% + family={Guo}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Shusheng}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=a402f14d4bb819a6d34c249184b62363}{% + family={Li}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Derui}, + giveni={D\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{fullhash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{bibnamehash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{authornamehash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \strng{authorfullhash}{dfa012fcd5b8cfd07c1578825ac79235} + \field{sortinit}{G} + \field{sortinithash}{32d67eca0634bf53703493fb1090a2e8} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Materials} + \field{note}{Cited by: 0} + \field{number}{5} + \field{title}{A Review of Cavitation Erosion on Pumps and Valves in Nuclear Power Plants} + \field{type}{Review} + \field{volume}{17} + \field{year}{2024} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.3390/ma17051007 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{GEVARI2020115065}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=93d9cff817608f96c206941face4c5d7}{% + family={Gevari}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Moein\bibnamedelima Talebian}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim T\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=e271948379fd6fee4bd30a4d576761b8}{% + family={Abbasiasl}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={Taher}, + giveni={T\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=67d0558f57dbf7548b5b43a80b85f47f}{% + family={Niazi}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={Soroush}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=efb87c095e41c6349ba97d939982e130}{% + family={Ghorbani}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Morteza}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=311cf929c32c6c2ce5aa2728ae09ad47}{% + family={Koşar}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Ali}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{76843143b68c90c6ac5d9d854fd56c1f} + \strng{fullhash}{7e654139b427bf36f3a25a5848105f5b} + \strng{bibnamehash}{76843143b68c90c6ac5d9d854fd56c1f} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{76843143b68c90c6ac5d9d854fd56c1f} + \strng{authornamehash}{76843143b68c90c6ac5d9d854fd56c1f} + \strng{authorfullhash}{7e654139b427bf36f3a25a5848105f5b} + \field{sortinit}{G} + \field{sortinithash}{32d67eca0634bf53703493fb1090a2e8} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{The phase change phenomenon in fluids as a result of low local pressure under a critical value is known as cavitation. Acoustic wave propagation or hydrodynamic pressure drop of the working fluid are the main reasons for inception of this phenomenon. Considering the released energy from the collapsing cavitation bubbles as a reliable source has led to its implementation to different fields, namely, heat transfer, surface cleaning and fouling, water treatment, food industry, chemical reactions, energy harvesting. A considerable amount of energy in the mentioned industries is required for thermal applications. Cavitation could serve for minimizing the energy demand and optimizing the processes. Thus, the energy efficiency of the systems could be significantly enhanced. This review article focuses on the direct and indirect thermal applications of hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation. Relevant studies with emerging applications are discussed, while developments in cavitation, which have given rise to thermal applications during the last decade, are also included in this review.} + \field{issn}{1359-4311} + \field{journaltitle}{Applied Thermal Engineering} + \field{title}{Direct and indirect thermal applications of hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation: A review} + \field{volume}{171} + \field{year}{2020} + \field{pages}{115065} + \range{pages}{1} + \verb{doi} + \verb https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115065 + \endverb + \keyw{Hydrodynamic cavitation,Acoustic cavitation,Heat transfer enhancement,Water treatment,Food industry} + \endentry + \entry{HUANG2023106170}{article}{} + \name{author}{6}{}{% + {{hash=55328195d8b2c0f90f11e12f5ddb7d65}{% + family={Huang}, + familyi={H\bibinitperiod}, + given={Zonglian}, + giveni={Z\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2938deb5048323c6e1bfdd80975d5b28}{% + family={Wang}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Bo}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0138deaf332692ced30d823b9cebc488}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Fei}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=92c4cc87ddf9f0a5abb5ff8d5b8878d4}{% + family={Song}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={Min}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=971be18e8809118d44c885580820c916}{% + family={Ni}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={Song}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=eb96d2754cddae273dd482f087734e31}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Shaojun}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{61779e4ce456f415f5dc118db21bed83} + \strng{fullhash}{8ca9ebea09cf1f645c339306001d45ac} + \strng{bibnamehash}{61779e4ce456f415f5dc118db21bed83} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{61779e4ce456f415f5dc118db21bed83} + \strng{authornamehash}{61779e4ce456f415f5dc118db21bed83} + \strng{authorfullhash}{8ca9ebea09cf1f645c339306001d45ac} + \field{sortinit}{H} + \field{sortinithash}{23a3aa7c24e56cfa16945d55545109b5} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{The influence of laser energy density and heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of Co-Cr-Mo-W alloys fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) are investigated symmetrically. When the laser power, the scanning speed, and the scanning space are set as 160 W, 400 mm/s, and 0.07 mm, respectively, the SLM-ed Co-Cr-Mo-W alloys display high strength and good ductility simultaneously. The precipitates ranging from nano- to macro- scale are finely distributed in SLM-ed CoCr alloys grains and/or along the grain boundaries in the heat treated alloys. Co-Cr-Mo-W alloys with an excellent combination of strength and ductility can be achieved by tailoring the microstructure and morphology of SLM-ed alloys during the heat treatment. The tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 1221.38 ± 10 MPa, 778.81 ± 12 MPa, and 17.2 ± 0.67\%, respectively.} + \field{issn}{0263-4368} + \field{journaltitle}{International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials} + \field{title}{Microstructure evolution, martensite transformation and mechanical properties of heat treated Co-Cr-Mo-W alloys by selective laser melting} + \field{volume}{113} + \field{year}{2023} + \field{pages}{106170} + \range{pages}{1} + \verb{doi} + \verb https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2023.106170 + \endverb + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263436823000707 + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263436823000707 + \endverb + \keyw{Co–Cr–Mo-W alloys,Selective laser melting,Heat treatment,Martensite phase transformation,Mechanical properties} + \endentry + \entry{Kim200685}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=4ac20ce0bb07901a22f4dc32ae528eee}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Ji\bibnamedelima Hui}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1c0f556175387987a33ffbe351d2b5f7}{% + family={Na}, + familyi={N\bibinitperiod}, + given={Kwang\bibnamedelima Su}, + giveni={K\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ef8ca56a9fe15a8661b77ba0ccbb33e1}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Gyung\bibnamedelima Guk}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim G\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=40e6ce3aea7cc874ac4de783dfab617b}{% + family={Yoon}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={Chong\bibnamedelima S.}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2a28c8d002e1319c5eb2392961d9e5e8}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Seon\bibnamedelima Jin}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim J\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{4d68dd5c0efbe03de230d6cd69424f58} + \strng{fullhash}{196c9a752c1a6b1b1b78ec342a7ad915} + \strng{bibnamehash}{4d68dd5c0efbe03de230d6cd69424f58} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{4d68dd5c0efbe03de230d6cd69424f58} + \strng{authornamehash}{4d68dd5c0efbe03de230d6cd69424f58} + \strng{authorfullhash}{196c9a752c1a6b1b1b78ec342a7ad915} + \field{sortinit}{K} + \field{sortinithash}{c02bf6bff1c488450c352b40f5d853ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Nuclear Materials} + \field{note}{Cited by: 15} + \field{number}{1-3} + \field{title}{Effect of manganese on the cavitation erosion resistance of iron-chromium-carbon-silicon alloys for replacing cobalt-base Stellite} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{352} + \field{year}{2006} + \field{pages}{85\bibrangedash 89} + \range{pages}{5} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.072 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Kumar2024}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=7a01333f7a8882a1544ea42b848a85a9}{% + family={Kumar}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Prashant}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0a94fe7bbcf1e5a7774d7916408006e8}{% + family={Singal}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.K.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=9872c57732b846418f7606933c5882a4}{% + family={Gohil}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Pankaj\bibnamedelima P.}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim P\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{fullhash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{bibnamehash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{authornamehash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \strng{authorfullhash}{3209996662b43deceed025d2ab70f7f3} + \field{sortinit}{K} + \field{sortinithash}{c02bf6bff1c488450c352b40f5d853ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews} + \field{note}{Cited by: 0} + \field{title}{A technical review on combined effect of cavitation and silt erosion on Francis turbine} + \field{type}{Review} + \field{volume}{190} + \field{year}{2024} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.rser.2023.114096 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{LIU2022294}{incollection}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=5d07f51a51d9c2c1363bab089c022727}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Lin}, + giveni={L\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=c085572f860d99d03a37c331ee13ff68}{% + family={Zhang}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={Jun}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=f1c10f217320cbd95d327e5e670fd288}{% + family={Ai}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={Cheng}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \name{editor}{1}{}{% + {{hash=513d1413715776326b75a279890066b6}{% + family={Caballero}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Francisca\bibnamedelima G.}, + giveni={F\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim G\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \list{location}{1}{% + {Oxford}% + } + \list{publisher}{1}{% + {Elsevier}% + } + \strng{namehash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{fullhash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{bibnamehash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{authornamehash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{authorfullhash}{040a244d6e815ecc78840d5ef9f1f4ec} + \strng{editorbibnamehash}{513d1413715776326b75a279890066b6} + \strng{editornamehash}{513d1413715776326b75a279890066b6} + \strng{editorfullhash}{513d1413715776326b75a279890066b6} + \field{sortinit}{L} + \field{sortinithash}{7c47d417cecb1f4bd38d1825c427a61a} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{For over eight decades now, superalloys have provided the most reliable and cost-effective means to meet the operation requirement of high temperature and stress for aeroengine and industrial gas turbine. Nickel-based superalloys achieve the highest temperature and stress combination performance among all kinds of superalloys, making them ideal for the most demanding applications, such as critical component of turbine disk and blade. This article presents an overview on nickel-based superalloys and summarizes their current research and application. The topics cover composition, phases and microstructures, metallurgical principles of various strengthening, processing methods including melting, casting, forging, heat treating, powder metallurgy and thermal barrier coating. It also describes the principles and processes of component production with different metallurgical methods, including an upcoming technology of additive manufacturing. The development trends of nickel-based superalloys and some potential alternative metallic materials with higher temperature capacity beyond nickel-based superalloys are prospected.} + \field{booktitle}{Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys} + \field{isbn}{978-0-12-819733-2} + \field{title}{Nickel-Based Superalloys} + \field{year}{2022} + \field{pages}{294\bibrangedash 304} + \range{pages}{11} + \verb{doi} + \verb https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.12093-4 + \endverb + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128035818120934 + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128035818120934 + \endverb + \keyw{Additive manufacturing,Aero-engine,Composition,Directional solidification,Heat treating,Industrial gas turbine,Investment casting,Mechanical property,Microstructure,Nickel-based superalloy,Powder metallurgy,Single crystal,Strengthening mechanism,Thermal barrier coatings,Vacuum induction melting} + \endentry + \entry{McIntyre1979105}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=df2bb06cbe95e9faaa65206f72765216}{% + family={McIntyre}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={N.S.}, + giveni={N\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=fc9097282acc465dc58d590fcf3d4b96}{% + family={Zetaruk}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={D.}, + giveni={D\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=8bd8e44b953aeb5c525be802ec5059ca}{% + family={Murphy}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={E.V.}, + giveni={E\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{fullhash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{bibnamehash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{authornamehash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \strng{authorfullhash}{7ec7642f1ad7533a0152b1301c3bdb83} + \field{sortinit}{M} + \field{sortinithash}{4625c616857f13d17ce56f7d4f97d451} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Surface and Interface Analysis} + \field{note}{Cited by: 28} + \field{number}{4} + \field{title}{X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the aqueous oxidation of stellite‐6 alloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{1} + \field{year}{1979} + \field{pages}{105\bibrangedash 110} + \range{pages}{6} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1002/sia.740010402 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Mokrane2019}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=2259be8a6f9e7f37efa94cadfb296e93}{% + family={Mokrane}, + familyi={M\bibinitperiod}, + given={Wahiba}, + giveni={W\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ecd586dd3ab122088a1fae69818941f3}{% + family={Kettab}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Ahmed}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{fullhash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{bibnamehash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{authornamehash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \strng{authorfullhash}{fc73b31e94083237655041c12169255f} + \field{sortinit}{M} + \field{sortinithash}{4625c616857f13d17ce56f7d4f97d451} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration} + \field{note}{Cited by: 3} + \field{number}{1} + \field{title}{Flow behaviour analysis through a venturi designed for industrial and environmental processes} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{4} + \field{year}{2019} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/s41207-018-0093-6 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Rajan19821161}{article}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41}{% + family={Rajan}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={Krishna}, + giveni={K\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{fullhash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{bibnamehash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{authornamehash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \strng{authorfullhash}{961abc432a13e38ccb10e3f37f79ab41} + \field{sortinit}{R} + \field{sortinithash}{5e1c39a9d46ffb6bebd8f801023a9486} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{The effect of heat treatment on microstructure has been studied in a Co-Cr-Mo-C alloy using transmission electron microscopy. Isothermal aging treatments at 750 °C were found to promote a two stage fcc → hcp transformation, coincident with a discontinuous precipitation of M 23C 6 carbides. The variation in morphology of the carbides associated with the fcc → hcp transition is discussed in terms of the nature of the fcc/hcp interface. © 1982 American Society for Metals and The Metallurgical Society of AIME.} + \field{journaltitle}{Metallurgical Transactions A} + \field{note}{Cited by: 79} + \field{number}{7} + \field{title}{Phase transformations in a wrought Co-Cr-Mo-C alloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{13} + \field{year}{1982} + \field{pages}{1161\bibrangedash 1166} + \range{pages}{6} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/BF02645497 + \endverb + \keyw{COBALT METALLOGRAPHY - Transformations; COBALT CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM ALLOYS} + \endentry + \entry{Romo201216}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=abd07783347fdc165942b01479e16afb}{% + family={Romo}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.A.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=9c9837ed5fce5c7a1aeb233aa99aa04d}{% + family={Santa}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.F.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=fecaae68172b53756247ca68af700ed9}{% + family={Giraldo}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.E.}, + giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=467faf266d1206e4566fe6d0465b33f0}{% + family={Toro}, + familyi={T\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{285bcf9d2b83436d537b5e21b7fde046} + \strng{fullhash}{e0312588d226589c879f5d182ca350e9} + \strng{bibnamehash}{285bcf9d2b83436d537b5e21b7fde046} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{285bcf9d2b83436d537b5e21b7fde046} + \strng{authornamehash}{285bcf9d2b83436d537b5e21b7fde046} + \strng{authorfullhash}{e0312588d226589c879f5d182ca350e9} + \field{sortinit}{R} + \field{sortinithash}{5e1c39a9d46ffb6bebd8f801023a9486} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Tribology International} + \field{note}{Cited by: 67} + \field{title}{Cavitation and high-velocity slurry erosion resistance of welded Stellite 6 alloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{47} + \field{year}{2012} + \field{pages}{16\bibrangedash 24} + \range{pages}{9} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.triboint.2011.10.003 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Shin2003117}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=3415cba32eb492c2f823c25157ef7589}{% + family={Shin}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-C.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=61cf36d9da8025aa006db6343e275482}{% + family={Doh}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-M.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=b754d705360ba879fb57dd58f379c353}{% + family={Yoon}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-K.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim K\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=72f2735083ef1646e3d14f45d3987f16}{% + family={Lee}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={D.-Y.}, + giveni={D\bibinithyphendelim Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=403455eb0986d19921f6d8fbefaed203}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-S.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{d10b0db504b271ad585df7137ac0b592} + \strng{fullhash}{4aed67b17d1aee3c2e164efea2d4f056} + \strng{bibnamehash}{d10b0db504b271ad585df7137ac0b592} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{d10b0db504b271ad585df7137ac0b592} + \strng{authornamehash}{d10b0db504b271ad585df7137ac0b592} + \strng{authorfullhash}{4aed67b17d1aee3c2e164efea2d4f056} + \field{sortinit}{S} + \field{sortinithash}{b164b07b29984b41daf1e85279fbc5ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Surface and Coatings Technology} + \field{note}{cited By 181} + \field{number}{2-3} + \field{title}{Effect of molybdenum on the microstructure and wear resistance of cobalt-base Stellite hardfacing alloys} + \field{volume}{166} + \field{year}{2003} + \field{pages}{117\bibrangedash 126} + \range{pages}{10} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00853-8 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Song1997291}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=98a0eae8959995fdf8080e7c18275cb4}{% + family={Song}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={J.-H.}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=fca1c5f63ea68c1fb43183293b86627f}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.-J.}, + giveni={H\bibinithyphendelim J\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{fullhash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{bibnamehash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{authornamehash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \strng{authorfullhash}{621cbbc11dc2877c9b778c78a09d1451} + \field{sortinit}{S} + \field{sortinithash}{b164b07b29984b41daf1e85279fbc5ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{cited By 30} + \field{number}{1-2} + \field{title}{Sliding wear performance of cobalt-based alloys in molten-Al-added zinc bath} + \field{volume}{210} + \field{year}{1997} + \field{pages}{291\bibrangedash 298} + \range{pages}{8} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/S0043-1648(97)00092-6 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Song2019}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=9c2434e61665c7986ceb405a3bca9230}{% + family={Song}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={Moo-Keun}, + giveni={M\bibinithyphendelim K\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=a68bc48761feffdd02d0f66c07413968}{% + family={Park}, + familyi={P\bibinitperiod}, + given={Su-Han}, + giveni={S\bibinithyphendelim H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=3bd56a4b04b85d22e68d7fccec646a9e}{% + family={Lee}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Su-Jin}, + giveni={S\bibinithyphendelim J\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=b1f122a8cf9ad2750fd7b5466a0dafd2}{% + family={Kim}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Jong-Do}, + giveni={J\bibinithyphendelim D\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{0bdd9d4fea843ecf3526615b0e369773} + \strng{fullhash}{5ef23c8c15a7ad7b560cefee4f5a3bd8} + \strng{bibnamehash}{0bdd9d4fea843ecf3526615b0e369773} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{0bdd9d4fea843ecf3526615b0e369773} + \strng{authornamehash}{0bdd9d4fea843ecf3526615b0e369773} + \strng{authorfullhash}{5ef23c8c15a7ad7b560cefee4f5a3bd8} + \field{sortinit}{S} + \field{sortinithash}{b164b07b29984b41daf1e85279fbc5ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{In this study, experiments with various parameters were performed to apply laser cladding to the exhaust valve face of a marine engine and optimum conditions were derived. The used specimen was an actual exhaust valve, and the heat source was a high-power diode laser. Cladding was applied to the exhaust valve face using the optimum conditions, and a sound clad layer without internal defects, such as pores and cracks, was formed. The average hardness of the clad layer formed under the optimum conditions was higher than 529 Hv. Component analysis showed a very low dilution rate inside the clad layer. © 2019 World Scientific Publishing Company.} + \field{journaltitle}{Modern Physics Letters B} + \field{note}{Cited by: 4} + \field{number}{14-15} + \field{title}{Study on optimization of laser cladding using Stellite 6 powder for exhaust valve face of marine engine} + \field{type}{Conference paper} + \field{volume}{33} + \field{year}{2019} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1142/S0217984919400372 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Sotoodeh2023929}{article}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe}{% + family={Sotoodeh}, + familyi={S\bibinitperiod}, + given={Karan}, + giveni={K\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{fullhash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{bibnamehash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{authornamehash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \strng{authorfullhash}{9de0e1af6a344f394010a6e9e35b41fe} + \field{sortinit}{S} + \field{sortinithash}{b164b07b29984b41daf1e85279fbc5ab} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Stellite is a cobalt-chromium alloy that is widely used for hard facing of the industrial valves’ internal components, including the seat and closure member, to prevent erosion and cavitation. Although previous studies have emphasized using stellite to avoid erosion and wearing of substrates, most of them do not focus on applying this material for the valve industry in oil and gas projects. Thus, the present study mainly aims to provide a method to qualify the stellite 6 hardfacing applied on the low-temperature carbon steel (LTCS) valve body contact surface with disks and ensure that the weld overlay is used correctly. This study has developed a weld overlay qualification method including various tests such as Non-destructive test (NDT), Charpy V-Notch test, chemical composition, hardness test, and finally micro examination. The results of the trials and interpretation and evaluation are also included in this research. © 2022, The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.} + \field{journaltitle}{Experimental Techniques} + \field{note}{Cited by: 1} + \field{number}{4} + \field{title}{Stellite Weld Overlay Qualification on the Body of a Dual Plate Check Valve in Low-Temperature Carbon Steel in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{47} + \field{year}{2023} + \field{pages}{929\bibrangedash 938} + \range{pages}{10} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/s40799-022-00594-1 + \endverb + \keyw{Chromium alloys; Cobalt alloys; Eddy current testing; Inert gases; Offshore oil well production; Temperature; Welds; Facing alloys; Hard facing alloy procedure qualification record; Lows-temperatures; Shielding gas; Stellite 6; Stellite 6 and 21; Tungsten inert gas; Weld overlay; Welding technique; Erosion} + \endentry + \entry{Tawancy1986337}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=f3547527506994c69c774b2c0d77ac73}{% + family={Tawancy}, + familyi={T\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.M.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=f7d566a34064f3d0ccab33dde7a34069}{% + family={Ishwar}, + familyi={I\bibinitperiod}, + given={V.R.}, + giveni={V\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=6f964da88776c95344b60d3d9b6241fa}{% + family={Lewis}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={B.E.}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{fullhash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{bibnamehash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{authornamehash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \strng{authorfullhash}{b41586e8f4d7f9d36d48a78941a8c3b5} + \field{sortinit}{T} + \field{sortinithash}{9af77f0292593c26bde9a56e688eaee9} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Materials Science Letters} + \field{note}{Cited by: 40} + \field{number}{3} + \field{title}{On the fcc → hcp transformation in a cobalt-base superalloy (Haynes alloy No. 25)} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{5} + \field{year}{1986} + \field{pages}{337\bibrangedash 341} + \range{pages}{5} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/BF01748098 + \endverb + \keyw{COBALT METALLOGRAPHY - Transformations; CRYSTALS - Structure; COBALT-BASE SUPERALLOY; HAYNES ALLOY; MULTIPHASE ALLOYS; SUPERALLOYS} + \endentry + \entry{Teles2024}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=50be1ef36128c86d7bc8b9a64683eef7}{% + family={Teles}, + familyi={T\bibinitperiod}, + given={Diógenes\bibnamedelima Barbosa}, + giveni={D\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim B\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=34acc4c07cf6a7bcd8fb6b1321020e48}{% + family={Velho\bibnamedelimb de\bibnamedelima Castro}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim d\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Victor}, + giveni={V\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=3449a7e15a4f7d42dae92deab55fc3c8}{% + family={Tagliari}, + familyi={T\bibinitperiod}, + given={Mariana\bibnamedelimb dos\bibnamedelima Reis}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim d\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=305e99ca0f8ea2c5bccc6d70389eb9ef}{% + family={João\bibnamedelimb de\bibnamedelima Souza}, + familyi={J\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim d\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim S\bibinitperiod}, + given={André}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=90481a667d9fac9ee9e0d14bf9da53cd}{% + family={Fraga\bibnamedelima Malfatti}, + familyi={F\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim M\bibinitperiod}, + given={Célia}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}, + prefix={de}, + prefixi={d\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{28d6cccb3f060ec6ffe9dabc4cc6144c} + \strng{fullhash}{8d820c4454d7fa466b04e7612018df27} + \strng{bibnamehash}{28d6cccb3f060ec6ffe9dabc4cc6144c} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{28d6cccb3f060ec6ffe9dabc4cc6144c} + \strng{authornamehash}{28d6cccb3f060ec6ffe9dabc4cc6144c} + \strng{authorfullhash}{8d820c4454d7fa466b04e7612018df27} + \field{sortinit}{T} + \field{sortinithash}{9af77f0292593c26bde9a56e688eaee9} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Gate valve is one of the most common design concepts in onshore Oil & Gas installations. This equipment is composed of a wedge-shaped obturator that performs linear sliding movements during activation. Fluid sealing is achieved through metallic contact between the surfaces of the gate and seat components. Metal surfaces are commonly hardened by heat treatment or coated with Stellite 6 alloy by plasma-transferred arc welding (PTAW). The application of high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) coatings on these surfaces for wedge-gate valves has not yet been foreseen. In addition, comparative studies on the tribological performance of technical surfaces used in onshore wedge-gate valves are also scarce. Therefore, this study presents the results of tests performed on specimens using a ball-on-flat tribometer with linear reciprocating sliding, simulating a gate valve tribosystem in operation: flat (gate) and ball (seat). Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr was used with the contact interfaces under the following conditions: (A) heat treated, (B) Stellite 6 coating by PTAW, (C) Stellite 6 coating by HVOF, and (D) tungsten carbide coating by HVOF. The flat/ball tribological pairs investigated were A/B (TRIM 8), B/B (TRIM 5), C/B, and D/B. The coefficient of friction (COF), surface wear, and wear mechanisms were comparatively evaluated. The results showed that the newly proposed surfaces (C and D) are promising alternatives to reduce material consumption and improve the performance of valves in operation according to the application requirements. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.} + \field{journaltitle}{Wear} + \field{note}{Cited by: 0} + \field{title}{Effect of HVOF spray coating on the tribological surface of onshore gate valves} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{546-547} + \field{year}{2024} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205322 + \endverb + \keyw{Hard facing; HVOF thermal spraying; Plasma welding; Sprayed coatings; Tribology; Tungsten carbide; Wear of materials; Ball on flats; Ball-on-flat tribometer; Gate valve; Gate valve surface; High velocity oxygen fuel coatings; High velocity oxygen fuels; Metallic seal; Metallics; Tribological properties; Tribometers; Friction} + \endentry + \entry{Usta2023}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=a770e300d6b574ef59fd150a1dcfbf05}{% + family={Usta}, + familyi={U\bibinitperiod}, + given={Onur}, + giveni={O\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=ebe36ee278045dcf8ce0251626efbf06}{% + family={Köksal}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Çağatay\bibnamedelima Sabri}, + giveni={Ç\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim S\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=cf2d701845d6d4d15cf633bbfa2be00c}{% + family={Korkut}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={Emin}, + giveni={E\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{fullhash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{bibnamehash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{authornamehash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \strng{authorfullhash}{c354ac215672220fee18816fe6c5779e} + \field{sortinit}{U} + \field{sortinithash}{6901a00e45705986ee5e7ca9fd39adca} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Ocean Engineering} + \field{note}{Cited by: 4} + \field{title}{A systematic study into the cavitation erosion test for marine propeller materials by cavitating jet technique} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{284} + \field{year}{2023} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115252 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Vacchieri20171100}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=822e5c985f1aaa9baa2fb4cf54d06568}{% + family={Vacchieri}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod}, + given={E.}, + giveni={E\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=e6a4feb14dc6dfa34fb925388375e20a}{% + family={Costa}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={A.}, + giveni={A\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0ab43c46409a6aa8599edc413ffa90c9}{% + family={Roncallo}, + familyi={R\bibinitperiod}, + given={G.}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=fc73c3c3913f252c904aa7bc7d3e38b4}{% + family={Cacciamani}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={G.}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{94de1693a8515fc1c10e3eeb80b1d244} + \strng{fullhash}{9ba416ce301f4d3d91970308ce023111} + \strng{bibnamehash}{94de1693a8515fc1c10e3eeb80b1d244} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{94de1693a8515fc1c10e3eeb80b1d244} + \strng{authornamehash}{94de1693a8515fc1c10e3eeb80b1d244} + \strng{authorfullhash}{9ba416ce301f4d3d91970308ce023111} + \field{sortinit}{V} + \field{sortinithash}{afb52128e5b4dc4b843768c0113d673b} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Co-based superalloy, ECY768, applied on gas turbine vanes, shows the presence of cracks after service. EBSD studies revealed hcp transformation in the base material near cracked regions. This phase arises from a martensitic transformation of fcc matrix and bestows high fragility. The phase transformation is related to temperature and loading distribution that characterises components in service. However, at the service temperatures, the hcp transformation is not expected for ECY768. An in-house thermodynamic database was developed using the Calphad approach and thermodynamic calculations were applied to the complicated alloy composition for phase stability range evaluation. Moreover, a testing campaign was planned to artificially create this martensitic transformation and to comprehend the influence of plastic strain on fcc-hcp transformation. The transformation mechanisms were understood and some methods were developed for hcp-phase removal through refurbishment heat treatment. This paper is part of a thematic issue on the 9th International Charles Parsons Turbine and Generator Conference. All papers have been revised and extended before publication in Materials Science and Technology. © 2017 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.} + \field{journaltitle}{Materials Science and Technology (United Kingdom)} + \field{note}{Cited by: 7} + \field{number}{9} + \field{title}{Service induced fcc→hcp martensitic transformation in a Co-based superalloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{33} + \field{year}{2017} + \field{pages}{1100\bibrangedash 1107} + \range{pages}{8} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1080/02670836.2016.1273866 + \endverb + \keyw{Cracks; Gas turbines; Heating; Intermetallics; Linear transformations; Phase transitions; Superalloys; Thermodynamics; Calphad; Co-based superalloys; Fcc--hcp transformation; Loading distribution; Service temperature; Thermodynamic calculations; Thermodynamic database; Transformation mechanisms; Martensitic transformations} + \endentry + \entry{Xu2024}{article}{} + \name{author}{7}{}{% + {{hash=385a47d2bb25434940fd067ec0eefeb8}{% + family={Xu}, + familyi={X\bibinitperiod}, + given={Pengxiang}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=08ba777870b757f9331ed1020016fb15}{% + family={Li}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Pengyang}, + giveni={P\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=8fbf8953af1445cf0f82198e60558b1c}{% + family={Chen}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={Yunshuai}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2938deb5048323c6e1bfdd80975d5b28}{% + family={Wang}, + familyi={W\bibinitperiod}, + given={Bo}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=328ce5b567f30212a8d3b006827759ce}{% + family={Lu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Han}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=cb445897487c10ff4b258c3c9f24731f}{% + family={Xu}, + familyi={X\bibinitperiod}, + given={Chaoyuan}, + giveni={C\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=4053eb20b077f36b6f24fee98d914d77}{% + family={Dai}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={Man}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{6938c7c1b4a6a24553b4840e5efe36fb} + \strng{fullhash}{e05ba0364f3a4b5b64786f8b2e9bae2e} + \strng{bibnamehash}{6938c7c1b4a6a24553b4840e5efe36fb} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{6938c7c1b4a6a24553b4840e5efe36fb} + \strng{authornamehash}{6938c7c1b4a6a24553b4840e5efe36fb} + \strng{authorfullhash}{e05ba0364f3a4b5b64786f8b2e9bae2e} + \field{sortinit}{X} + \field{sortinithash}{1965c258adceecf23ce3d67b05113442} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Materials Today Communications} + \field{note}{Cited by: 1} + \field{title}{Optimization of process parameters for laser cladding Stellite6 cobalt-based alloy} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{38} + \field{year}{2024} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108430 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Youdelis1983379}{article}{} + \name{author}{2}{}{% + {{hash=7ab404d8d06b9383560e88b458a28791}{% + family={Youdelis}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={W.V.}, + giveni={W\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=2c8673ef1ad99270da26090334336285}{% + family={Kwon}, + familyi={K\bibinitperiod}, + given={O.}, + giveni={O\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{fullhash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{bibnamehash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{authornamehash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \strng{authorfullhash}{e5a7d0f316a223ef649b81b5fbb53200} + \field{sortinit}{Y} + \field{sortinithash}{fd67ad5a9ef0f7456bdd9aab10fe1495} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Metal Science} + \field{note}{cited By 23} + \field{number}{8} + \field{title}{Carbide phases in cobalt base superalloy: Role of nucleation entropy in refinement} + \field{volume}{17} + \field{year}{1983} + \field{pages}{379\bibrangedash 384} + \range{pages}{6} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1179/030634583790420664 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Yu2007586}{article}{} + \name{author}{3}{}{% + {{hash=f46cff6a47143fdbd36ae8842919e073}{% + family={Yu}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=39fbce992265c4dd42ff7cb6ab804ded}{% + family={Villiers\bibnamedelima Lovelock}, + familyi={V\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}, + prefix={de}, + prefixi={d\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{fullhash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{bibnamehash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{authornamehash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \strng{authorfullhash}{8e67a0a25c7114030e7e739ed034990b} + \field{sortinit}{Y} + \field{sortinithash}{fd67ad5a9ef0f7456bdd9aab10fe1495} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Tribology} + \field{note}{cited By 30} + \field{number}{3} + \field{title}{A comparison of the tribo-mechanical properties of a wear resistant cobalt-based alloy produced by different manufacturing processes} + \field{volume}{129} + \field{year}{2007} + \field{pages}{586\bibrangedash 594} + \range{pages}{9} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1115/1.2736450 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Yu20091}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=f46cff6a47143fdbd36ae8842919e073}{% + family={Yu}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=720a4573d41f2302c51d8dfc20eb7025}{% + family={Lovelock}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.\bibnamedelimi de\bibnamedelima Villiers}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim d\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim V\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{fullhash}{57ca415fdcbe0d531a76658a78b7a3d4} + \strng{bibnamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authornamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authorfullhash}{57ca415fdcbe0d531a76658a78b7a3d4} + \field{extraname}{1} + \field{sortinit}{Y} + \field{sortinithash}{fd67ad5a9ef0f7456bdd9aab10fe1495} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Tribology} + \field{note}{Cited by: 35} + \field{number}{1} + \field{title}{Influence of manufacturing process and alloying element content on the tribomechanical properties of cobalt-based alloys} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{131} + \field{year}{2009} + \field{pages}{1\bibrangedash 12} + \range{pages}{12} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1115/1.2991122 + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{Yu20071385}{article}{} + \name{author}{4}{}{% + {{hash=f46cff6a47143fdbd36ae8842919e073}{% + family={Yu}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=73be20d7f1a5cbb337df0ca58a8fa420}{% + family={Ahmed}, + familyi={A\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=416ccb52090ef6e21a2a60b61048fb4b}{% + family={De\bibnamedelima Villiers\bibnamedelima Lovelock}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim V\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim L\bibinitperiod}, + given={H.}, + giveni={H\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=0e68382b25995f7a55c9b600def7c365}{% + family={Davies}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={S.}, + giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{fullhash}{5a41db039602f3f35fb4d51c6352f656} + \strng{bibnamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authornamehash}{56581c67a86bce08f334a1ace4c9fccb} + \strng{authorfullhash}{5a41db039602f3f35fb4d51c6352f656} + \field{extraname}{2} + \field{sortinit}{Y} + \field{sortinithash}{fd67ad5a9ef0f7456bdd9aab10fe1495} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, WCE 2007} + \field{note}{cited By 7} + \field{title}{Tribo-mechanical evaluations of cobalt-based (Stellite 4) alloys manufactured via HIPing and casting} + \field{volume}{2} + \field{year}{2007} + \field{pages}{1385\bibrangedash 1390} + \range{pages}{6} + \endentry + \entry{Zhang20153579}{article}{} + \name{author}{5}{}{% + {{hash=3d3c96ee0dea81aaeaaee5f28cc812c8}{% + family={Zhang}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={X.Z.}, + giveni={X\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=47fa1cfa42f039e59f4e014c1941c712}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=031a8718c5c3986f8c22b3e59c743db1}{% + family={Chen}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={K.Y.}, + giveni={K\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=276801cdeff1b23dc886b6bae5eac7a4}{% + family={Yao}, + familyi={Y\bibinitperiod}, + given={M.X.}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1bd47217fcbd490142b34b2baa82ab5d}{% + family={Collier}, + familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + given={R.}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{bcba69d759e461d767e492b9ac899400} + \strng{fullhash}{07f72011458cfec5234b8f774c254f78} + \strng{bibnamehash}{bcba69d759e461d767e492b9ac899400} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{bcba69d759e461d767e492b9ac899400} + \strng{authornamehash}{bcba69d759e461d767e492b9ac899400} + \strng{authorfullhash}{07f72011458cfec5234b8f774c254f78} + \field{sortinit}{Z} + \field{sortinithash}{96892c0b0a36bb8557c40c49813d48b3} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{abstract}{Corrosion behavior of wrought Stellite 6B and Stellite 6K, which have similar chemical composition but contain different carbon content, in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and in Green Death solution is investigated using various electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The obtained potentiodynamic polarization curves, cyclic polarization curves, and EIS spectra for these alloys are in good agreement, showing that Stellite 6K with higher carbon content is easier corroded due to its larger volume fraction of carbides but the Cr2O3 film formed on this alloy is stronger and more stable than that on Stellite 6B. Further immersion tests on these alloys show that Stellite 6K has less resistance to pitting corrosion. © 2015, ASM International.} + \field{journaltitle}{Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance} + \field{note}{Cited by: 6} + \field{number}{9} + \field{title}{Electrochemical Study of Corrosion Behavior of Wrought Stellite Alloys in Sodium Chloride and Green Death Solutions} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{24} + \field{year}{2015} + \field{pages}{3579\bibrangedash 3587} + \range{pages}{9} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1007/s11665-015-1629-4 + \endverb + \keyw{Carbides; Corrosion; Corrosive effects; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Oxide films; Pitting; Polarization; Potentiodynamic polarization; Sodium alloys; Sodium chloride; Stellite; Chemical compositions; Corrosion behavior; Cyclic polarization; Cyclic polarization curves; ELectrochemical methods; Electrochemical studies; Potentiodynamic polarization curves; Stellite alloy; Electrochemical corrosion} + \endentry + \entry{Zheng2022}{article}{} + \name{author}{6}{}{% + {{hash=dc838caf653462c31b94202548e1a5cb}{% + family={Zheng}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={Renshi}, + giveni={R\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=8c3ae1ea3dc1ec24a5c62485a91d2e06}{% + family={Zhao}, + familyi={Z\bibinitperiod}, + given={Xiaoyu}, + giveni={X\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=c16ff443de0c5154d3a52882d493d8fa}{% + family={Dong}, + familyi={D\bibinitperiod}, + given={Leilei}, + giveni={L\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=baca2d4cc45983e734aa75be8b4b653a}{% + family={Liu}, + familyi={L\bibinitperiod}, + given={Gang}, + giveni={G\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=1fd5ec8bcbaf30b0eeea16e2e3c528d0}{% + family={Huang}, + familyi={H\bibinitperiod}, + given={Yi}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + {{hash=5aaa5e45597ad674617bba364b98dfa6}{% + family={Xu}, + familyi={X\bibinitperiod}, + given={Yunze}, + giveni={Y\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{d0bb538537ade3036ed264190bdfebd3} + \strng{fullhash}{c8b7c76946264a1103b6fa286761defa} + \strng{bibnamehash}{d0bb538537ade3036ed264190bdfebd3} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{d0bb538537ade3036ed264190bdfebd3} + \strng{authornamehash}{d0bb538537ade3036ed264190bdfebd3} + \strng{authorfullhash}{c8b7c76946264a1103b6fa286761defa} + \field{sortinit}{Z} + \field{sortinithash}{96892c0b0a36bb8557c40c49813d48b3} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{Engineering Failure Analysis} + \field{note}{Cited by: 13} + \field{title}{On the cavitation erosion-corrosion of pipeline steel at different locations of Venturi pipe} + \field{type}{Article} + \field{volume}{138} + \field{year}{2022} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106333 + \endverb + \endentry + \enddatalist + \missing{20221xix} +\endrefsection +\endinput + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.bcf b/proposal_archive/Thesis.bcf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d04c834 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.bcf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version 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b/proposal_archive/Thesis.maf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Thesis.mtc +Thesis.mtc0 +Thesis.mtc1 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc0 b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc1 b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc2 b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2bbc2fc --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc2 @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +{\reset@font\mtcSfont\mtc@string\contentsline{section}{\noexpand \leavevmode \numberline {2.1}Information}{\reset@font\mtcSfont 8}{section.2.1}} +{\reset@font\mtcSSfont\mtc@string\contentsline{subsection}{\noexpand \leavevmode \numberline {2.1.1}This is a test}{\reset@font\mtcSSfont 8}{subsection.2.1.1}} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc3 b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..928f39e --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc3 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +{\reset@font\mtcSfont\mtc@string\contentsline{section}{\noexpand \leavevmode \numberline {3.1}This is the end}{\reset@font\mtcSfont 9}{section.3.1}} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc4 b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc5 b/proposal_archive/Thesis.mtc5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.out b/proposal_archive/Thesis.out new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9bc111 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.out @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.1}{\376\377\000P\000r\000o\000j\000e\000c\000t\000\040\000P\000r\000o\000p\000o\000s\000a\000l}{}% 1 diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.run.xml b/proposal_archive/Thesis.run.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b618a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.run.xml @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]> + + + latex + + Thesis.bcf + + + Thesis.bbl + + + blx-dm.def + blx-compat.def + biblatex.def + standard.bbx + numeric.bbx + numeric.cbx + biblatex.cfg + english.lbx + + + + biber + + biber + Thesis + + + Thesis.bcf + + + Thesis.bbl + + + Thesis.bbl + + + Thesis.bcf + + + ../literature_review.bib + + + diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.tex b/proposal_archive/Thesis.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e922fc --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/Thesis.tex @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +%%%% +%% This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License. +%% If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at https://opensource.org/licenses/mit +%% +%% Last update: 2021/10/11 +%% +%% author: Dorian Gouzou +%% repository hosted on github at https://github.com/jackred/Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template +%%%% +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report} + +\usepackage{graphicx} % include graphics +\usepackage{fancyhdr} % layout +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % font +\usepackage{setspace} % spacing +% \usepackage[left=4cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry} +\usepackage{mathptmx} % looks like times new roman +\usepackage{slantsc} +\usepackage{titlesec} +\usepackage{mfirstuc} +\usepackage{calc}% http://ctan.org/pkg/calc +\usepackage[acronym, nonumberlist]{glossaries} % https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Glossaries +\usepackage{biblatex} +%\usepackage{pdfpages} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{minitoc} +\usepackage{pdflscape} +\usepackage{hyperref} % https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref +\usepackage{comment} + + +\input{I-config} + +% Glossary +\newacronym{gcd}{GCD}{Greatest Common Divisor} +\newacronym{lcm}{LCM}{Least Common Multiple} + + +\addbibresource{../literature_review.bib} + + +% some package need to be loaded last in preamble +\usepackage{subfiles} + +\begin{document} + + + +\pagestyle{empty} +%\input{Preliminaries/1-titlepages} + +\begin{center} +\vspace*{15pt}\par +\setstretch{1} +% \hrule +% \vspace{10pt}\par +\begin{spacing}{1.8} +%% you can replace by \MakeUppercase if you want uppercase +{\Large\bfseries\MakeLowercase{\capitalisewords{Cavitation Erosion of Blended Stellite Alloys}}}\\ +\end{spacing} +% \hrule +% This thesis is composed of \numberVolume volumes. This one is the number \actualVolume. + +\vspace{40pt}\par +\includegraphics[width=140pt]{Figures/logo.png}\\ +\vspace{40pt}\par + +{\itshape\fontsize{15.5pt}{19pt}\selectfont by\\}\vspace{15pt}\par + +{ + \Large Vishakh Pradeep Kumar + % , \distinction +}\vspace{55pt}\par + +{ +\large Submitted for the degree of \\ \vspace{8pt} \Large\slshape MSc. Mechanical Engineering\\ +} + +\vspace{35pt}\par + +{\scshape\setstretch{1.5} School of Engineering and Physical Sciences\\ Heriot-Watt University\\ +} + +\vspace{50pt}\par + + +{\large April 2024} + +%\vfill + +%\begin{flushleft} +%\setstretch{1.4}\small +%The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. +%\end{flushleft} +\end{center} + + +\clearpage +% % remove this line if you don't want pagination on preliminary pages +% % also read the comment below, for table of content and other + + +\pagestyle{preliminary} +%\input{Preliminaries/2-abstract} + +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Abstract} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent +Cavitation erosion process is a multifaceted phenomenon that depends not only on the strength characteristics of cavitating bubbles but also on the erosion resistance of materials to the cavitation energy imparted upon them. The loss of material due to cavitation leads to degradation in performance + + +The aim of this MSc project is to investigate the resistance of blended stellite alloys to cavitation erosion. The cavitation phenomena is simulated by ultrasonic vibrating probes, or sonicators, located at fixed gap from the material. + +The synergistic effect existing between cavitation erosion and corrosion erosion is investigated with the help of in-situ electrochemical measurements of corrosion. + + +% Describe the apparatus +Experiments are to be conducted using an ultrasonic vibratory horn, with fixed frequency 20 kHz and variable peak to peak amplitude. + +% Describe the need for scanning electron microscopy +Scanning electron microscopy is to be used to characterize the microstructural characteristics of the cavitated sample surfaces, as well as cross sections of the surface directly underneath cavitation. + +%In accordance with the Academic Regulations the thesis must contain an abstract preferably not exceeding 200 words, bound in to precede the thesis. The abstract should appear on its own, on a single page. The format should be the same as that of the main text. The abstract should provide a synopsis of the thesis and shall state clearly the nature and scope of the research undertaken and of the contribution made to the knowledge of the subject treated. There should be a brief statement of the method of investigation where appropriate, an outline of the major divisions or principal arguments of the work and a summary of any conclusions reached. The abstract must follow the Title Page. + + +\clearpage + + +%\includepdf[pages=-]{Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf} +%{ +% \setstretch{1} +% \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +% \tableofcontents +% \listoftables % optional +% \listoffigures % optional +% \glsaddall % this is to include all acronym. You can do a sort of citation for acronym and include only the one you use, Look at the glossary package for details. +% \printnoidxglossary[type=\acronymtype, title=Glossary] % optional +% %% put your publications in BibMine.bib +% %% They will be displayed here +% \begin{refsection}[BibMine.bib] +% \DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{#1} +% \nocite{*} +% \printbibliography[omitnumbers=true,title={List of Publications}] +% \end{refsection} +%} + + + + +\clearpage + +\pagestyle{chapter} +\chapter{Project Proposal} +\chaptermark{Project Proposal} % optional for veryy long chapter, you can rename what appear in the header + +%\section{Start} +%\subsection{Basic Info} +%\subsubsection{This Is A Subsubsection} +%Subsubsection should not be numbered, nor indicated in the table of contents. The config options are tocdepth and secnumdepth, you can find them in the config file. + + + + +% Describe why there is a need to look from both the fluid and solid perspective +Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon that results from hydrodynamic elements and material characteristics \cite{Franc2004265}. + +%# Hydrodynamic POV +From a hydrodynamic standpoint, cavitation erosion results from the formation of and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles within a fluid medium, due to the local pressure reaching the saturated vapor pressure (due to pressure decrease (cavitation) or temperature increase (boiling)). When these bubbles implode, they emit heat, shockwaves, and high-speed microjets that can impact adjacent solid surfaces, leading to damage to the surface and removal of material due to the accumulation of damage following numerous cavitation events. + +The required pressure drop required by cavitation could be provided by the propagation of ultrasonic acoustic waves and hydrodynamic pressure drops, such as constrictions or the rotational dynamics of turbomachinery \cite{GEVARI2020115065}. + +% Now do the materials POV +The resultant stress levels, which range from 100 - 1000 MPa, can surpass material resistance thresholds, including yield strength, ultimate strength, or fatigue limit, leading to material removal from the surface and subsequent degradation of industrial sysytems. The high strain rate in cavitation erosion makes it rather comparable to explosions or projectile impacts, albeit with very limited volume of deformation and repeated impact loads. The plastic deformation results in progressive hardening, crack propagation, and local fracture and removal of material, with the damage being a function of intensity and frequency of vapor bubble collapse. The selection of more resistent materials requires investigation of material response to cavitation stresses, with the mechanism of erosion being of particular interest. The resulting reduction of performance \& service life and the increased maintenance and repair costs motivate research into understanding how materials respond to the impact of a cavitating material. Cavitation erosion is a major problem in hydroelectric power plants \cite{Romo201216}, Francis turbines \cite{Kumar2024}, nuclear power plant valves \cite{Kim200685, Gao2024}, condensate and boiler feedwater pumps \cite{20221xix}, marine propellers \cite{Usta2023}, liquid-lubricated journal bearings \cite{Cheng2023}, and pipline reducers \cite{Zheng2022, Chen201442, Mokrane2019}. +% Stellites +Stellite alloys consist of a cobalt (Co) matrix with solid-solution strengthening of chromium (Cr) and tungsten(W)/moblybdenum(Mo), and hard carbid phases (Co, Cr, W, and/or Mo carbides) \cite{Shin2003117, Crook1992766, Desai198489, Youdelis1983379}. The matrix provides execelent high-temperature performance, while the carbides provide strength, wear resistance and resistance to crack propagation \cite{Ahmed2021, Crook199427}. + +% Applications +Stellites are typically used for wear-resistant surfaces in lubrication-starved, high temperature or corrosive environments \cite{Zhang20153579, Ahmed2023, Ahmed20138, Frenk199481, Song1997291}, such as in the nuclear industry \cite{McIntyre1979105, Xu2024, Gao2024}, oil \& gas \cite{Teles2024, Sotoodeh2023929}, marine \cite{Song2019}, power generation \cite{Ding201797}, and aerospace industries \cite{Ashworth1999243}. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) consolidation of Stellite alloys offers significant technological advantages for components operating in aggressive wear environments \cite{Ahmed20138, Ahmed201470, Ashworth1999243, Yu20071385}. Yu et al \cite{Yu2007586, Yu20091} note that HIP consolidation results in superior impact and fatigue resistance over cast alloys. + +% Understanding the matrix phase +Understanding the cobalt phase is crucial for studying structural changes in Co-based alloys widely used in industry. Cobalt and Co-Cr-Mo alloys undergo thermally induced phase transformation from the high temperature face-centered cubic (fcc) $\gamma$ phase to low temperature hexagonal close-packed (hcp) $\epsilon$ phase at 700 K and strain induced fcc-hcp transition through maretensitic-type mechanism (partial movement of dislocations) \cite{HUANG2023106170}. At ambient conditions, the metastable FCC retained phase in stellites can be transformed into HCP phase by mechanical loading, although any HCP phase is completely transformed into a FCC phase between 673 K and 743 K \cite{DUBOS2020128812}; the metastable fcc cobalt phase in stellite alloys \cite{Rajan19821161} absorbs a large part of imparted energy under the mechanical loading of cavitation erosion. The fcc to hcp transition is related to the very low stacking fault energy of the fcc structure (7 mJ/m2) \cite{Tawancy1986337}. Solid-solution strengthening leads to increase of the fcc cobalt matrix strength (due to distortion of the atomic lattice with the additino of elements of different atomic radiuses), decrease of low stacking fault energy \cite{Tawancy1986337} due to the adjusted electronic structure of the metallic lattice, and inhibition of dislocation cross slip. Given that dislocation cross slip is the main deformation mode in imperfect crystals at elevated temperature, as dislocation slip is a diffusion process that is enhanced at high temperature, this leads to high temperature stability \cite{LIU2022294}. The addition of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and carbon (C) stabilize the fcc structure of cobalt (a = 0.35 nm), while chromium (Cr) and tungsten (W), stabilize the hcp structure (a = 0.25 nm and c = 0.41 nm), although Cr and W increases hot corrosion resistance \cite{Vacchieri20171100, Tawancy1986337}. + + + +% How well was the novelty of the project expressed? +% Me jerking off to the novelty of my thesis +To date, academic research pertaining to cavitation erosion specifically on HIP'd stellite alloys appears to be absent from the existing literature, which underscores the need for exploration. +Moreover, the complexity introduced by blended stellite alloys in the context of cavitation erosion in corrosive enironments adds another layer of intrigue to this research endeavor. By analyzing the interactions between alloy composition, microstructure, and cavitation erosion behavior, this thesis aims to fill a critical gap in the current understanding of material performance under cavitation erosion conditions. + + + + +\label{Bibliography} +\printbibliography[title={References}, heading=bibintoc, resetnumbers=true] + + +\end{document} diff --git a/proposal_archive/Thesis.toc b/proposal_archive/Thesis.toc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/proposal_archive/thesis_original.org b/proposal_archive/thesis_original.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..535949e --- /dev/null +++ b/proposal_archive/thesis_original.org @@ -0,0 +1,403 @@ +#+TITLE: Thesis + + + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +%%%% +%% This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License. +%% If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at https://opensource.org/licenses/mit +%% +%% Last update: 2021/10/11 +%% +%% author: Dorian Gouzou +%% repository hosted on github at https://github.com/jackred/Heriot_Watt_Thesis_Template +%%%% +#+END_SRC + +* Preamble + +#+CAPTION: Document Class +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report} +#+END_SRC + +** Packages + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\usepackage{graphicx} % include graphics +\usepackage{fancyhdr} % layout +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % font +\usepackage{setspace} % spacing +% \usepackage[left=4cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry} +\usepackage{mathptmx} % looks like times new roman +\usepackage{slantsc} +\usepackage{titlesec} +\usepackage{mfirstuc} +\usepackage{calc}% http://ctan.org/pkg/calc +\usepackage[acronym, nonumberlist]{glossaries} % https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Glossaries +\usepackage[defernumbers=true, sorting=none]{biblatex} +\usepackage{hyperref} % https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref +\usepackage{pdfpages} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{minitoc} +\usepackage{pdflscape} +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\usepackage{subfiles} +#+END_SRC + +** Config + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +%% prefer than direct use in usepackage geometry +%% A4 layout in point is % 595x842 + +%% default value +\setlength{\hoffset}{0pt} +\setlength{\voffset}{0pt} + +%% height +%% 72 - 60 + 20 + 25 = 57 +\setlength{\topmargin}{-60pt} +\setlength{\headheight}{20pt} +\setlength{\headsep}{25pt} + +\setlength{\footskip}{30pt} + +%% width +%% 72 + 32 + 10 = 114pt = 40mm +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\evensidemargin}{32pt} +\setlength{\marginparsep}{10pt} + +%% size text +\setlength{\textheight}{728pt} +\setlength{\textwidth}{425pt} + +%% style +%% preliminary, just roman pagination + empty header +\fancypagestyle{preliminary}{ + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} + \fancyhead[RCL]{} + + \pagenumbering{Roman} +} +%% chapter/classic text style +\fancypagestyle{chapter}{ + %% title of the chapter, left header, no uppercase, 10 pt, italics, no bold + \fancyhead[L]{\normalfont\itshape\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont\nouppercase{\leftmark}} + \fancyhead[R]{} + + \fancyfoot[C]{\thepage} + \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt} + \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} + \pagenumbering{arabic} +} + +%% define length and scaling for baseline +\newcommand{\headingBaseline}{12} +\newcommand{\headingBaselineDiv}{10} +\newlength{\chapterFontSize} +\newlength{\sectionFontSize} +\newlength{\subsectionFontSize} +\newlength{\chapterBaseline} +\newlength{\sectionBaseline} +\newlength{\subsectionBaseline} + +%% change those value if you want to change the chapter/section/subsection font size +\setlength{\chapterFontSize}{14pt} +\setlength{\sectionFontSize}{12pt} +\setlength{\subsectionFontSize}{12pt} + +%% automatic computation for baseline, rule of thumb is 1.2 +\setlength{\chapterBaseline}{ \chapterFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\sectionBaseline}{ \sectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} +\setlength{\subsectionBaseline}{ \subsectionFontSize * \headingBaseline / \headingBaselineDiv} + + +%% headings +%% Chapter, 14-point, bold +\titleformat{\chapter}[display] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter, +% \titleformat{\chapter}[display] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\chapterFontSize}{\chapterBaseline}\selectfont}{\chaptertitlename\ \thechapter}{14pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\chapter}{0pt}{10pt}{25pt} + +%% Section, 12-point +\titleformat{\section}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{} +%% capitalised initial letter +% \titleformat{\section}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\fontsize{\sectionFontSize}{\sectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesection}{5pt}{\capitalisewords} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{25pt}{15pt} + +%% Subsection, 12-point, italic +\titleformat{\subsection}[hang] + {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{} +% \titleformat{\subsection}[hang] +% {\normalfont\bfseries\itshape\fontsize{\subsectionFontSize}{\subsectionBaseline}\selectfont\MakeLowercase}{\thesubsection}{5pt}{\makefirstuc} +%% left|above|below +\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{20pt}{10pt} + +%% table of content +\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Table of Contents} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{2} +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} + +%% list of figure +\renewcommand*\listfigurename{Figure table} + +%% init gloassaries +%% noidx cause otherwise we have to do a normal glossary, compile, then remove it so it is cached +%% because we only use acronym +\makenoidxglossaries + +%% bibliography config +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/6977 +\DeclareBibliographyCategory{cited} +\AtEveryCitekey{\addtocategory{cited}{\thefield{entrykey}}} +\addbibresource{Bibliography.bib} +\addbibresource{BibMine.bib} + +%% hyperref setup +\hypersetup{ + colorlinks = true, + linkcolor = blue, % normal internal links, like ref, can be black tbh + citecolor = blue, % bibliographical links + urlcolor = blue, % linked urls + filecolor = black % url which open local files +} + +%% modified reference function +%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/438998 +\newcommand\eref[1]{equation~(\ref{#1})} +\newcommand\tref[1]{table~\ref{#1}} +\newcommand\fref[1]{figure~\ref{#1}} + +%% 1.5 line spacing +\setstretch{1.5} +#+END_SRC + + + + +** Info + +#+CAPTION: Information pertaining to me and the university +#+BEGIN_SRC latex :tangle I-info.tex +%% The title of Thesis +\newcommand{\thesisTitle}{Cavitation Erosion of Blended Stellite Alloys} +%% Number of Volume, if more than one +%% not sure how it works out with latex tbh +%\newcommand{\numberVolume}{2} +%% The number of this volume +%\newcommand{\actualVolume}{1} +%% The author's name (you) +\newcommand{\authorName}{Vishakh Pradeep Kumar} +%% Distinctions/Qualifications if desired +%\newcommand{\distinction}{} +%% The qualification +\newcommand{\degreeQualification}{MSc. Mechanical Engineering} +%% The institution +%\newcommand{\institution}{Some weird institute no one ever heard about} +%% The school +\newcommand{\school}{School of Engineering and Physical Sciences} +\newcommand{\university}{Heriot-Watt University} +%% Month of submission +\newcommand{\monthDate}{April} +%% Year of submission +\newcommand{\yearDate}{2024} +#+END_SRC + + + +** Glossary + +#+CAPTION: Glossary +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\newacronym{gcd}{GCD}{Greatest Common Divisor} +\newacronym{lcm}{LCM}{Least Common Multiple} +#+END_SRC + + +* Document + + +#+CAPTION: Document begin +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\begin{document} + +\dominitoc + +#+END_SRC + +** Preliminaries + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\input{Preliminaries/1-titlepages} +#+END_SRC + +*** Titlepage + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex :tangle no + +\pagestyle{empty} +\begin{center} +\vspace*{15pt}\par +\setstretch{1} +% \hrule +% \vspace{10pt}\par +\begin{spacing}{1.8} +%% you can replace by \MakeUppercase if you want uppercase +{\Large\bfseries\MakeLowercase{\capitalisewords{\thesisTitle}}}\\ +\end{spacing} +% \hrule +% This thesis is composed of \numberVolume volumes. This one is the number \actualVolume. + +\vspace{40pt}\par +\includegraphics[width=140pt]{Figures/logo.png}\\ +\vspace{40pt}\par + + +{\itshape\fontsize{15.5pt}{19pt}\selectfont by\\}\vspace{15pt}\par + +{ +\Large \authorName +% , \distinction +}\vspace{55pt}\par + +{ +\large Submitted for the degree of \\ \vspace{8pt} \Large\slshape\degreeQualification\\ +} + +\vspace{35pt}\par + +{\scshape\setstretch{1.5} \institution\\ \school\\ \university\\ +} + +\vspace{50pt}\par + + +{\large \monthDate\ \yearDate} + +%\vfill + +%\begin{flushleft} +%\setstretch{1.4}\small +%The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. +%\end{flushleft} +\end{center} + +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + + + +*** Abstract + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\pagestyle{preliminary} +%\input{Preliminaries/2-abstract} + +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Abstract} +\end{center} + +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent +In accordance with the Academic Regulations the thesis must contain an abstract preferably not exceeding 200 words, bound in to precede the thesis. The abstract should appear on its own, on a single page. The format should be the same as that of the main text. The abstract should provide a synopsis of the thesis and shall state clearly the nature and scope of the research undertaken and of the contribution made to the knowledge of the subject treated. There should be a brief statement of the method of investigation where appropriate, an outline of the major divisions or principal arguments of the work and a summary of any conclusions reached. The abstract must follow the Title Page. + +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +*** Dedication + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Dedication} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +If a dedication is included then it should be immediately after the Abstract page.\par +I don't what it is actually. +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +*** Acknowledgments + +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +\begin{center} +\LARGE\textbf {Acknowledgements} +\end{center} +\vspace{5pt} + +\noindent I wanna thanks all coffee and tea manufacturers and sellers that made the completion of this work possible. +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + +*** Declaration +#+BEGIN_SRC latex +% % read about declaration in file +% % \input{Preliminaries/5-declaration} +\includepdf[pages=-]{Preliminaries/5-declaration.pdf} + +{ + \setstretch{1} + \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} + \tableofcontents + \listoftables % optional + \listoffigures % optional + \glsaddall % this is to include all acronym. You can do a sort of citation for acronym and include only the one you use, Look at the glossary package for details. + \printnoidxglossary[type=\acronymtype, title=Glossary] % optional + %% put your publications in BibMine.bib + %% They will be displayed here + \begin{refsection}[BibMine.bib] + \DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{#1} + \nocite{*} + \printbibliography[omitnumbers=true,title={List of Publications}] + \end{refsection} +} + +%% if you don't want pagination you need to use this commented part instead of the one above for the table of content/list of figure/etc +%% this is because the toc is defined in an annoying way, especially multi page one +%% solution found here: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/173423 +% { +% \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} +% \pagestyle{empty} % Removes numbers from middle pages. +% \fancypagestyle{plain} % Re-definition removes numbers from first page. +% { +% \fancyhf{}% % Clear all header and footer fields. +% \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}% Clear rules (remove these two lines if not desired). +% \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}% +% } +% \tableofcontents +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% \listoftables %optional +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% \listoffigures %optional +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% \glsaddall % this is to include all acronym. You can do a sort of citation for acronym and include only the one you use, Look at the glossary package for details. +% \printnoidxglossary[type=\acronymtype, title=Glossary] % optional +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% %% put your publications in BibMine.bib +% %% They will be displayed here +% \begin{refsection}[BibMine.bib] +% \DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{#1} +% \nocite{*} +% \printbibliography[omitnumbers=true,title={List of Publications}] +% \end{refsection} +% \thispagestyle{empty} +% } + + + +\clearpage +#+END_SRC + + diff --git a/rig/rig.org b/rig.org similarity index 100% rename from rig/rig.org rename to rig.org diff --git a/sem_eds/.DS_Store b/sem_eds/.DS_Store new file mode 100644 index 0000000..49483a4 Binary files /dev/null and b/sem_eds/.DS_Store differ diff --git a/sem_eds/KNI_Ga-FIB_Presentation_PPT-Version_190629.pptx b/sem_eds/KNI_Ga-FIB_Presentation_PPT-Version_190629.pptx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa843ef --- /dev/null +++ b/sem_eds/KNI_Ga-FIB_Presentation_PPT-Version_190629.pptx @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2826598a8b550506af08bf6582c6f83e645a8aa8adf1bd600428d3d19f016cd9 +size 45007188 diff --git a/sem_eds/SEM_Diagrams_Handout_(Concepts).pdf b/sem_eds/SEM_Diagrams_Handout_(Concepts).pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70b3c67 --- /dev/null +++ b/sem_eds/SEM_Diagrams_Handout_(Concepts).pdf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:814b9bdcd9fcf1ae79b3291abe8ce0d7667c7f2fc241d50d8560e33b8f603925 +size 1347071 diff --git a/sem_eds/eds.html b/sem_eds/eds.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d111ab2 --- /dev/null +++ b/sem_eds/eds.html @@ -0,0 +1,1392 @@ + + + + + + + +EDS + + + + + +
+

EDS

+ + + + +
+

1. SEM

+ + +
+

1.1. Detectors

+
+

+The detection system may contain a set of detectors designed for detecting various signals resulting from electron beam interaction with the sample surface. The microscope is always delivered with the SE detector +

+
+ +
+

1.1.1. SE detector

+
+

+The detector works in high vacuum only. +Secondary electrons enhance topographic contrast contrary to material contrast of back-scattered electrons. The secondary electron (SE) detector is a basic standard detector always present in the microscope. +The SE detector is of an Everhart-Thornley type. The grid on the front part of the detector has positive potential. This attracts and accelerates the low-energy secondary electrons arising on the specimen surface and focuses them onto the scintillator. The light flashes, which result from the impingement of the electrons on the scintillator, are transferred through the light guide to the photo-multiplier outside the chamber of the microscope. +

+
+
+ +
+

1.1.2. BSE detector

+
+

+The detector works in high and low vacuum. +Back-scattered electrons (BSE) enhance material contrast of the sample. The BSE detector is of the scintillation type. An annular (YAG) mono-crystal scintillator with a conductive surface is placed in the optical axis directly under the lower pole extension of the objective. The high energy back-scattered electrons impinge the scintillator without any additional acceleration and excite the scintillator atoms that emit visible radiation photons successively. The photons are carried, by means of the light guide, through the side outlet of the scintillator to the cathode of the photo-multiplier. They are then processed in the same way as the signal coming from the secondary electrons. +The BSE detector is manufactured in an R-BSE (Retractable BSE) version. This modification allows the retraction of the detector from under the pole piece position if the detector is not used. This enables the specimens to be moved as close as possible to the objective when viewed by other detectors. +

+
+
+
+ +
+

1.2. Considerations for Optimal SEM Imaging Results

+
+
    +
  • Beam Settings + +
      +
    • Voltage +Is specimen conductive (high) or non-conductive (low)? +Beam-sensitive (low) or not? +From what depth do you want signal to emerge, and which signal?
    • + +
    • Current +Is specimen conductive (high) or non-conductive (low)? Beam-sensitive (low) or not? +Optimize signal (high) vs. resolution (low), choose small aperture (imaging) or large (x-ray).
    • + +
    • +Working Distance +If not constrained by geometry of application, optimize resolution (low) vs. depth of field (high); +signal may decrease at too long or too short W; when in doubt, operate at eucentric height. +

      + +

      +EDX should be done with a working distance of 15 mm +

    • +
  • + +
  • +Detector Settings +

    + +

    +Detector Type: +

    +
      +
    • SE (topographic contrast, some Z)
    • +
    • BSE (atomic #, aka Z)
    • +
    • EDS/WDS (elemental composition).
    • +
    + +

    +Using detector Bias, you can switch between different modes, please do not do so. Take one picture SE and one picture BSE. One might argue that the acquisition process for both are the same, but do it anyway, it makes life so much easier when you’re trying to plot it on a report. +

  • +
+ + +
    +
  • Alignments +
      +
    • Basic Technique: +After gun tilt, iteratively adjust focus, astigmatism, lens alignment based on visual cues.
    • +
    • 1st Approximation (Focus/Stig): +Use reduced area window w/longest dwell time that gives near-live refresh rate.
    • +
    • Perfected: +Make comparisons using “alignment rectangle” in full frame or reduced window (integrate 1 frame).
    • +
  • + +
  • Scan Settings + +
      +
    • Brightness & Contrast: +Optimize using Videoscope at dwell/pixel capture settings. +(try in full frame or line scan).
    • + +
    • +Live (single frame) vs. frame & line averaging/integration +Frame averaging spreads out dose to mitigate charging artifacts, by averaging out the effects of a sudden flash. However, it does not overcome the general effects of charging and should be seen as a last ditch effort. +

      + +

      +Note: This is unusual for thermal spray coatings and anything conductive. +

    • + +
    • Scan Orientation: +Change scan rotation to scan perpendicular vs. parallel to features; +evaluate scan artifacts (is there image compression/stretching due to beam drift?) and mitigate charging artifacts.
    • +
  • +
+
+
+
+ +
+

2. EDX

+
+

+Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. The EDS analysis can be used to determine the elemental composition of individual points or to map out the lateral distribution of elements from the imaged area. +

+ + +

+The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique is mostly used for qualitative analysis of materials but is capable of providing semi-quantitative results as well. Typically, SEM instrumentation is equipped with an EDS system to allow for the chemical analysis of features being observed in SEM monitor. Simultaneous SEM and EDS analysis is advantageous in failure analysis cases where spot analysis becomes extremely crucial in arriving at a valid conclusion. Signals produced in an SEM/EDS system includes secondary and backscattered electrons that are used in image forming for morphological analysis as well as X-rays that are used for identification and quantification of chemicals present at detectable concentrations. The detection limit in EDS depends on sample surface conditions, smoother the surface the lower the detection limit. EDS can detect major and minor elements with concentrations higher than 10 wt% (major) and minor concentrations (concentrations between 1 and 10 wt%). The detection limit for bulk materials is 0.1 wt% therefore EDS cannot detect trace elements (concentrations below 0.01 wt%) [1]. +

+ +

+Tutorial on using the AZtecLive software +Introduction to Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) +

+ +

+EDS Mapping displays the X-ray data as individual elemental images for different energy ranges. Mapping gives a quick understanding of the scanned area. Unlike Point Analysis, it shows the elements distribution across the scanned area. +

+ + +

+Construct Maps +

+
    +
  • Map
  • +
  • TruMap +Performs deconvolution to separate the images
  • +
  • QuantMap
  • +
+ + + + +

+Image Scan Size - 1024 +Dwell Time 10 um +Input Signal [ ] SE [ ] BSE +AutoLock On +

+ +

+Fixed Duration +Energy Range 20 kEV +Number of channels 2048 +Process Time 2 +Pixel Dwell Time us 50 +Frame Live Time 10 +

+ + + +

+Would suggest Line Spectra to show the change in composition from the top surface to the +

+ + +

+Change the colors by selecting AutoLayer to really bring out the image +

+ + + +

+Great PDF with EDS specific Periodic Table. Need to eventually make our own using https://tikz.net/periodic-table/ +

+
+ +
+

2.1. Displaying Outset

+
+

+Use outset graphs in EDX in order to show the change in composition +

+ +

+https://mmore500.com/outset/index.html +

+
+
+
+ +
+

3. Stellite Composition

+
+ + + +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
 Stellite CoCrWMoCFeNiSiMn
Blend AA1(Stellite 6 (HS6))Bal.29.504.600.221.092.092.451.320.27
 A3(50% HS6 + 50% HS20)Bal.30.6810.450.251.722.302.371.160.27
 A5(Stellite 20 (HS20))Bal.31.8516.300.272.352.502.281.000.26
Blend BB1(Stellite 1 (HS1))Bal.31.7012.700.292.472.302.381.060.26
 B2(75% HS1 + 25% HS12)Bal.31.1911.560.272.232.242.301.020.26
 B3(50% HS1 + 50% HS12)Bal.30.6810.430.251.982.192.210.990.27
 B4(25% HS1 + 75% HS12)Bal.30.169.290.221.742.132.130.950.27
 B5(Stellite 12 (HS12))Bal.29.658.150.201.492.072.040.910.27
Blend CC1(Stellite 4 (HS4))Bal.31.0014.400.120.672.161.821.040.26
 C2(75% HS4 + 25% HS190)Bal.30.0614.400.141.312.152.071.030.27
 C3(50% HS4 + 50% HS190)Bal.29.1314.400.161.942.132.321.020.29
 C4(25% HS4 + 75% HS190)Bal.28.1914.400.182.582.122.561.010.30
 C5(Stellite 190 (HS190))Bal.27.2514.400.203.212.102.811.000.31
+ + + + + + +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  CoCrWMoCFeNiSiMn
Stellite 6HS6Bal.29.504.600.221.092.092.451.320.27
Stellite 20HS20Bal.31.8516.300.272.352.502.281.000.26
Stellite 1HS1Bal.31.7012.700.292.472.302.381.060.26
Stellite 12HS12Bal.29.658.150.201.492.072.040.910.27
Stellite 4HS4Bal.31.0014.400.120.672.161.821.040.26
Stellite 190HS190Bal.27.2514.400.203.212.102.811.000.31
+ + + + + + + + + +++ ++ ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
 Stellite 6Stellite 20
A11000
A35050
A50100
+ + + + + +++ ++ ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
 Stellite 1Stellite 12
B11000
B27525
B35050
B42575
B50100
+ + + + +++ ++ ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
 Stellite 4Stellite 190
C11000
C27525
C35050
C42575
C50100
+
+
+ +
+

4. SEM SOP

+
+
+
+

4.1. Stopping the Microscope

+
+
    +
  • Switch off the high voltage by clicking on the HV button in the Electron Beam panel.
  • +
  • Remove your samples from the microscope.
  • +
  • Pump the microscope.
  • +
  • Close the program (use Exit from the File menu) select the Switch off (the microscope) and exit (the application) option.
  • +
  • Wait until the VegaTC program closes itself. The microscope configuration will be automatically saved on the hard drive.
  • +
  • Shut down OS Windows in the usual way.
  • +
  • Turn the main switch to the left (OFF position).
  • +
+
+
+ +
+

4.2. Loading of the sample

+
+
    +
  • Use only one gloved hand when handling samples and holders
  • +
  • Avoid letting the sample holder or any part of the sample exchange rod touch non-clean surfaces which may be contaminated with hand-oil
  • +
  • Never “blow on” or exhale on samples to dry them, use the IR lamp instead
  • +
  • Always make sure all screws are tight and that you always have a sure grip
  • +
  • Always ask if you have a question
  • +
+
+
+ +
+

4.3. Images at Low Magnification

+
+

+There are four factory presets for the accelerating voltage (5 kV, 10 kV, 20 kV, 30 kV), one +for each HV index. The user does not need to make any further adjustments by switching +among them and using magnification up to 4000x. +

+ +

+Click on the PUMP button in the Vacuum panel to start the pumping procedure +(Figure 2). It usually takes around 3 minutes to reach vacuum ready - status which +means that the microscope is ready to use. If there is a need to exchange the +specimen, follow the instructions in chapter 8.2. +

+ + + +

+20240310-112336_screenshot.png +

+ +

+In the SEM Detectors & Mixer panel select the appropriate detector from the list box +(Figure 3). We recommend using the SE or BSE detector. When the BSE detector is +used, make sure that the detector is not retracted! See chapter 6 for detailed infor- +mation +

+ + +

+20240310-112456_screenshot.png +

+ + + +

+20240310-112616_screenshot.png +

+ + +
    +
  1. Select the accelerating voltage (30 kV recommended) using the combo box in the
  2. +
+

+Electron Beam panel (Figure 5). +

+
    +
  1. Clicking on the HV button in the Electron Beam panel turns the high voltage on and
  2. +
+

+starts the heating of the tungsten filament (see Figure 5). +

+
    +
  1. Right-click in the SEM Scanning window to open the menu and select the Minimum
  2. +
+

+Magnification function (Figure 6) +

+ + +

+20240310-112645_screenshot.png +

+ + +

+20240310-112723_screenshot.png +

+ + +

+7 Select RESOLUTION mode (click on the Scan Mode function in the Info Panel (see +Figure 10) and select RESOLUTION or use the Continual Wide Field option – switches +automatically between WIDE FIELD and RESOLUTION mode and vice versa when +increasing or decreasing magnification) +

+ +

+Focus the image by clicking on the WD icon in the Toolbar and turning the +Trackball from left to right (or vice versa). Alternatively use the Auto WD function for +focusing (see Figure 6). Double-clicking (left mouse button) in the SEM Scanning +window opens the Focus window. To remove the Focus window double-click +anywhere in the SEM Scanning window. +

+ + +

+To select beam intensity (BI 10 recommended), first left-click on the BI icon +on the Toolbar and then use the arrows in the Pad panel (Figure 8). +

+ + + +

+20240310-113043_screenshot.png +

+ +
    +
  1. To select the sample position in the Stage Control panel, click on the appropriate
  2. +
+

+number button on the carousel (Figure 9) or use the manual knobs in the case of the +SB microscope type. +

+
    +
  1. Placing the cursor over the SEM Scanning window and clicking the mouse wheel
  2. +
+

+moves that area on the stage into the centre of the image. See chapter 7.2 for other +mouse actions. +

+
    +
  1. To magnify the image click on the Magnification icon on the Toolbar and turn
  2. +
+

+the Trackball from left to right. +

+
    +
  1. Once the area of interest is magnified and focused as desired, right-click on the
  2. +
+

+Speed icon on the Toolbar and select the appropriate scanning speed. +

+
    +
  1. Clicking on the Acquire button in the Info Panel (Figure 10) or on the icon
  2. +
+

+on the Toolbar saves the image. Fill in the note, sign and description field +if necessary. Choose a folder in which to store the image. To change the parameters +of the image use the Image Parameters function in the main SEM menu +

+ + +

+20240310-113153_screenshot.png +

+ + +

+20240310-113251_screenshot.png +

+ +
    +
  1. Clicking on the icon opens the dialogue for saving the actual adjustment of the
  2. +
+

+microscope. It is possible to restore the saved adjustment of the microscope later. +

+
+
+ +
+

4.4. Images at High Magnification

+
+

+The best resolution is achieved at the highest accelerating voltage (30 kV) of the primary +electrons. +

+
    +
  1. Insert an appropriate sample for high magnification images (e.g. tin on carbon
  2. +
+

+sample, Figure 18). +

+
    +
  1. Select the fourth HV index using the combo box in the Electron Beam panel (20 kV -
  2. +
+

+30 kV) and turn on the high voltage. +

+
    +
  1. Focus the image in RESOLUTION mode (click on the Scan Mode function in the Info
  2. +
+

+Panel and select RESOLUTION or use the Continual Wide Field option). +Note: Use the Degauss column function by means of the icon before changing WD&Z or WD. The image should remain in focus. +

+ +

+Check the spot size, which is determined by the BI value. Right-click in the SEM +Scanning window to select the optimum BI value – Auto BI OptiMag. +

+
    +
  1. For the best resolution, it is necessary to work at a short working distance (WD). The
  2. +
+

+optimum WD is about 5 mm for the SE detector (in the case that the BSE is not +mounted underneath the objective lens). For BSE images the optimum WD is about +8.5 mm. To change the working distance together with Z-axis, without defocusing +the image, use the WD&Z function in the Stage Control panel (Figure 15). +

+ +

+WARNING: Moving the manipulator with the specimen can cause it to collide with other inner +components of the microscope and can cause damage to the microscope. Control the +movements of the manipulator by video camera imaging (open the Chamber View by clicking +on the +icon). The manipulator’s movement can be stopped by clicking on the Stop +button in the Stage Control panel (see Figure 15). +

+ + +

+20240310-113624_screenshot.png +

+ +

+Gradually magnify and focus the image to achieve 10kx magnification. In the case +that the image is moving during focusing, it is necessary to check the centering +of the objective. Select the Manual Column Centering function using the combo box +in the Electron Beam panel after clicking on the Adjustment >>> button (Figure 16). +The Manual Centering Wizard window will appear (Figure 17). Clicking on the WOB +button opens the Focus window in the SEM Scanning window. Click on the Next>> +button to obtain the next instructions. The function of the centering has two adjust- +able values. To be sure just one value is changing, hold down the F12 key to change +only X movement at the Trackball, and the F11 key to change only Y movement. +

+
    +
  1. Each time that the image is too dark or light it is necessary to use the Auto Signal
  2. +
+

+function (see Figure 6 or use the icon ). To set the contrast and brightness +manually, click on the icon and use the Trackball. +

+ + +

+20240310-113731_screenshot.png +

+ + + +

+20240310-113752_screenshot.png +

+ + +

+At higher magnifications (>10kx) it is necessary to check if astigmatism (Figure 18 +(a), (b)) is precisely corrected (Figure 18 (c)). To correct astigmatism click on the +Stigmator function in the Info Panel (Figure 19). For precise correction use the Focus +window (in the SEM Scanning window) and the F11 and F12 keys in the same way +as in point 6. +

+ + +

+20240310-113907_screenshot.png +

+ + +
    +
  1. Select the appropriate scanning speed and save the image.
  2. +
  3. Clicking on the icon opens the dialog for saving the current adjustment of the
  4. +
+

+microscope. It is possible to restore the saved adjustment of the microscope later. +

+ + +

+20240310-113937_screenshot.png +

+
+
+ + +
+

4.5. Specimen Exchange

+
+

+The specimen should somehow be fixed or glued to the specimen stub before it is inserted into the chamber. It is possible to use 12.5 mm specimen stubs or any other specimen holders, delivered as microscope accessories (see chapter 9.7). +If the specimen is examined in high vacuum mode, it must be conductive or must be made conductive using one of the methods described in the technical information. The conductive surface of the specimen must be conductive contacted to the stub. +Non-conductive samples can be investigated in low vacuum mode. +Instructions: +

+
    +
  1. Vent the microscope by using the VENT button in the Vacuum panel. Wait until the pressure is at atmospheric level.
  2. +
  3. Set the tilt of the specimen stage to zero.
  4. +
  5. Open the chamber door by gently pulling it.
  6. +
  7. The automatic positions set up in the Stage Control panel can be used, which are intended for specimen position exchange. To select the sample position click on the appropriate number button on the carousel. At this time the button background is red to indicate the specimen exchange mode.
  8. +
+
+
+
+
+
+

Author: Vishakh Pradeep Kumar

+

Created: 2024-03-11 Mon 12:05

+
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sem_eds/eds_table.tex b/sem_eds/eds_table.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d99df27 --- /dev/null +++ b/sem_eds/eds_table.tex @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +% Adapted from https://texample.net/tikz/examples/periodic-table-of-chemical-elements. +% All Credit to Ivan Griffin. + +\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes,calc} + +\begin{document} + +\newcommand{\ElemLabel}[4]{ + \begin{minipage}{2.2cm} + \centering + {\textbf{#1} \hfill #2}% + \linebreak \linebreak + {\textbf{#3}}% + \linebreak \linebreak + {{#4}} + \end{minipage} +} + +\newcommand{\NaturalElem}[4]{\ElemLabel{#1}{#2}{\huge {#3}}{#4}} + +\newcommand{\SyntheticElem}[4]{\ElemLabel{#1}{#2}{\color{gray}{\huge #3}}{#4}} + +\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily] + + % Fill Color Styles + \tikzstyle{ElementFill} = [fill=yellow!15] + \tikzstyle{AlkaliMetalFill} = [fill=blue!55] + \tikzstyle{AlkalineEarthMetalFill} = [fill=blue!40] + \tikzstyle{MetalFill} = [fill=blue!25] + \tikzstyle{MetalloidFill} = [fill=orange!40] + \tikzstyle{NonmetalFill} = [fill=teal!40] + \tikzstyle{HalogenFill} = [fill=yellow!40] + \tikzstyle{NobleGasFill} = [fill=green!55] + \tikzstyle{LanthanideActinideFill} = [fill=red!40] + + % Element Styles + \tikzstyle{Element} = [ElementFill, + minimum width=2.5cm, minimum height=2.5cm, node distance=2.75cm] + \tikzstyle{AlkaliMetal} = [Element, AlkaliMetalFill] + \tikzstyle{AlkalineEarthMetal} = [Element, AlkalineEarthMetalFill] + \tikzstyle{Metal} = [Element, MetalFill] + \tikzstyle{Metalloid} = [Element, MetalloidFill] + \tikzstyle{Nonmetal} = [Element, NonmetalFill] + \tikzstyle{Halogen} = [Element, HalogenFill] + \tikzstyle{NobleGas} = [Element, NobleGasFill] + \tikzstyle{LanthanideActinide} = [Element, LanthanideActinideFill] + \tikzstyle{PeriodLabel} = [font={\sffamily\LARGE}, node distance=2.0cm] + \tikzstyle{GroupLabel} = [font={\sffamily\LARGE}, minimum width=2.75cm, node distance=2.0cm] + + % Group 1 - IA + \node[Element] (H) {\NaturalElem{1} {1.0079}{H}{Hydrogen}}; + \node[below of=H, AlkaliMetal] (Li) {\NaturalElem{3}{6.941}{Li}{Lithium}}; + \node[below of=Li, AlkaliMetal] (Na) {\NaturalElem{11}{22.990}{Na}{Sodium}}; + \node[below of=Na, AlkaliMetal] (K) {\NaturalElem{19}{39.098}{K}{Potassium}}; + \node[below of=K, AlkaliMetal] (Rb) {\NaturalElem{37}{85.468}{Rb}{Rubidium}}; + \node[below of=Rb, AlkaliMetal] (Cs) {\NaturalElem{55}{132.91}{Cs}{Caesium}}; + \node[below of=Cs, AlkaliMetal] (Fr) {\NaturalElem{87}{223}{Fr}{Francium}}; + + % Group 2 - IIA + \node[right of=Li, AlkalineEarthMetal] (Be) {\NaturalElem{4}{9.0122}{Be}{Beryllium}}; + \node[below of=Be, AlkalineEarthMetal] (Mg) {\NaturalElem{12}{24.305}{Mg}{Magnesium}}; + \node[below of=Mg, AlkalineEarthMetal] (Ca) {\NaturalElem{20}{40.078}{Ca}{Calcium}}; + \node[below of=Ca, AlkalineEarthMetal] (Sr) {\NaturalElem{38}{87.62}{Sr}{Strontium}}; + \node[below of=Sr, AlkalineEarthMetal] (Ba) {\NaturalElem{56}{137.33}{Ba}{Barium}}; + \node[below of=Ba, AlkalineEarthMetal] (Ra) {\NaturalElem{88}{226}{Ra}{Radium}}; + + % Group 3 - IIIB + \node[right of=Ca, Metal] (Sc) {\NaturalElem{21}{44.956}{Sc}{Scandium}}; + \node[below of=Sc, Metal] (Y) {\NaturalElem{39}{88.906}{Y}{Yttrium}}; + \node[below of=Y, LanthanideActinide] (LaLu) {\NaturalElem{57-71}{}{La-Lu}{Lanthanide}}; + \node[below of=LaLu, LanthanideActinide] (AcLr) {\NaturalElem{89-103}{}{Ac-Lr}{Actinide}}; + + % Group 4 - IVB + \node[right of=Sc, Metal] (Ti) {\NaturalElem{22}{47.867}{Ti}{Titanium}}; + \node[below of=Ti, Metal] (Zr) {\NaturalElem{40}{91.224}{Zr}{Zirconium}}; + \node[below of=Zr, Metal] (Hf) {\NaturalElem{72}{178.49}{Hf}{Hafnium}}; + \node[below of=Hf, Metal] (Rf) {\SyntheticElem{104}{261}{Rf}{Rutherfordium}}; + + % Group 5 - VB + \node[right of=Ti, Metal] (V) {\NaturalElem{23}{50.942}{V}{Vanadium}}; + \node[below of=V, Metal] (Nb) {\NaturalElem{41}{92.906}{Nb}{Niobium}}; + \node[below of=Nb, Metal] (Ta) {\NaturalElem{73}{180.95}{Ta}{Tantalum}}; + \node[below of=Ta, Metal] (Db) {\SyntheticElem{105}{262}{Db}{Dubnium}}; + + % Group 6 - VIB + \node[right of=V, Metal] (Cr) {\NaturalElem{24}{51.996}{Cr}{Chromium}}; + \node[below of=Cr, Metal] (Mo) {\NaturalElem{42}{95.94}{Mo}{Molybdenum}}; + \node[below of=Mo, Metal] (W) {\NaturalElem{74}{183.84}{W}{Tungsten}}; + \node[below of=W, Metal] (Sg) {\SyntheticElem{106}{266}{Sg}{Seaborgium}}; + + % Group 7 - VIIB + \node[right of=Cr, Metal] (Mn) {\NaturalElem{25}{54.938}{Mn}{Manganese}}; + \node[below of=Mn, Metal] (Tc) {\NaturalElem{43}{96}{Tc}{Technetium}}; + \node[below of=Tc, Metal] (Re) {\NaturalElem{75}{186.21}{Re}{Rhenium}}; + \node[below of=Re, Metal] (Bh) {\SyntheticElem{107}{264}{Bh}{Bohrium}}; + + % Group 8 - VIIIB + \node[right of=Mn, Metal] (Fe) {\NaturalElem{26}{55.845}{Fe}{Iron}}; + \node[below of=Fe, Metal] (Ru) {\NaturalElem{44}{101.07}{Ru}{Ruthenium}}; + \node[below of=Ru, Metal] (Os) {\NaturalElem{76}{190.23}{Os}{Osmium}}; + \node[below of=Os, Metal] (Hs) {\SyntheticElem{108}{277}{Hs}{Hassium}}; + + % Group 9 - VIIIB + \node[right of=Fe, Metal] (Co) {\NaturalElem{27}{58.933}{Co}{Cobalt}}; + \node[below of=Co, Metal] (Rh) {\NaturalElem{45}{102.91}{Rh}{Rhodium}}; + \node[below of=Rh, Metal] (Ir) {\NaturalElem{77}{192.22}{Ir}{Iridium}}; + \node[below of=Ir, Metal] (Mt) {\SyntheticElem{109}{268}{Mt}{Meitnerium}}; + + % Group 10 - VIIIB + \node[right of=Co, Metal] (Ni) {\NaturalElem{28}{58.693}{Ni}{Nickel}}; + \node[below of=Ni, Metal] (Pd) {\NaturalElem{46}{106.42}{Pd}{Palladium}}; + \node[below of=Pd, Metal] (Pt) {\NaturalElem{78}{195.08}{Pt}{Platinum}}; + \node[below of=Pt, Metal] (Ds) {\SyntheticElem{110}{281}{Ds}{Darmstadtium}}; + + % Group 11 - IB + \node[right of=Ni, Metal] (Cu) {\NaturalElem{29}{63.546}{Cu}{Copper}}; + \node[below of=Cu, Metal] (Ag) {\NaturalElem{47}{107.87}{Ag}{Silver}}; + \node[below of=Ag, Metal] (Au) {\NaturalElem{79}{196.97}{Au}{Gold}}; + \node[below of=Au, Metal] (Rg) {\SyntheticElem{111}{280}{Rg}{Roentgenium}}; + + % Group 12 - IIB + \node[right of=Cu, Metal] (Zn) {\NaturalElem{30}{65.39}{Zn}{Zinc}}; + \node[below of=Zn, Metal] (Cd) {\NaturalElem{48}{112.41}{Cd}{Cadmium}}; + \node[below of=Cd, Metal] (Hg) {\NaturalElem{80}{200.59}{Hg}{Mercury}}; + \node[below of=Hg, Metal] (Uub) {\SyntheticElem{112}{285}{Uub}{Ununbium}}; + + % Group 13 - IIIA + \node[right of=Zn, Metal] (Ga) {\NaturalElem{31}{69.723}{Ga}{Gallium}}; + \node[above of=Ga, Metal] (Al) {\NaturalElem{13}{26.982}{Al}{Aluminium}}; + \node[above of=Al, Metalloid] (B) {\NaturalElem{5}{10.811}{B}{Boron}}; + \node[below of=Ga, Metal] (In) {\NaturalElem{49}{114.82}{In}{Indium}}; + \node[below of=In, Metal] (Tl) {\NaturalElem{81}{204.38}{Tl}{Thallium}}; + \node[below of=Tl, Metal] (Uut) {\SyntheticElem{113}{284}{Uut}{Ununtrium}}; + + % Group 14 - IVA + \node[right of=B, Nonmetal] (C) {\NaturalElem{6}{12.011}{C}{Carbon}}; + \node[below of=C, Metalloid] (Si) {\NaturalElem{14}{28.086}{Si}{Silicon}}; + \node[below of=Si, Metalloid] (Ge) {\NaturalElem{32}{72.64}{Ge}{Germanium}}; + \node[below of=Ge, Metal] (Sn) {\NaturalElem{50}{118.71}{Sn}{Tin}}; + \node[below of=Sn, Metal] (Pb) {\NaturalElem{82}{207.2}{Pb}{Lead}}; + \node[below of=Pb, Metal] (Uuq) {\SyntheticElem{114}{289}{Uuq}{Ununquadium}}; + + % Group 15 - VA + \node[right of=C, Nonmetal] (N) {\NaturalElem{7}{14.007}{N}{Nitrogen}}; + \node[below of=N, Nonmetal] (P) {\NaturalElem{15}{30.974}{P}{Phosphorus}}; + \node[below of=P, Metalloid] (As) {\NaturalElem{33}{74.922}{As}{Arsenic}}; + \node[below of=As, Metalloid] (Sb) {\NaturalElem{51}{121.76}{Sb}{Antimony}}; + \node[below of=Sb, Metal] (Bi) {\NaturalElem{83}{208.98}{Bi}{Bismuth}}; + \node[below of=Bi, Metal] (Uup) {\SyntheticElem{115}{288}{Uup}{Ununpentium}}; + + % Group 16 - VIA + \node[right of=N, Nonmetal] (O) {\NaturalElem{8}{15.999}{O}{Oxygen}}; + \node[below of=O, Nonmetal] (S) {\NaturalElem{16}{32.065}{S}{Sulphur}}; + \node[below of=S, Nonmetal] (Se) {\NaturalElem{34}{78.96}{Se}{Selenium}}; + \node[below of=Se, Metalloid] (Te) {\NaturalElem{52}{127.6}{Te}{Tellurium}}; + \node[below of=Te, Metalloid] (Po) {\NaturalElem{84}{209}{Po}{Polonium}}; + \node[below of=Po, Metal] (Uuh) {\SyntheticElem{116}{293}{Uuh}{Ununhexium}}; + + % Group 17 - VIIA + \node[right of=O, Halogen] (F) {\NaturalElem{9}{18.998}{F}{Fluorine}}; + \node[below of=F, Halogen] (Cl) {\NaturalElem{17}{35.453}{Cl}{Chlorine}}; + \node[below of=Cl, Halogen] (Br) {\NaturalElem{35}{79.904}{Br}{Bromine}}; + \node[below of=Br, Halogen] (I) {\NaturalElem{53}{126.9}{I}{Iodine}}; + \node[below of=I, Halogen] (At) {\NaturalElem{85}{210}{At}{Astatine}}; + \node[below of=At, Element] (Uus) {\SyntheticElem{117}{292}{Uus}{Ununseptium}}; + + % Group 18 - VIIIA + \node[right of=F, NobleGas] (Ne) {\NaturalElem{10}{20.180}{Ne}{Neon}}; + \node[above of=Ne, NobleGas] (He) {\NaturalElem{2}{4.0025}{He}{Helium}}; + \node[below of=Ne, NobleGas] (Ar) {\NaturalElem{18}{39.948}{Ar}{Argon}}; + \node[below of=Ar, NobleGas] (Kr) {\NaturalElem{36}{83.8}{Kr}{Krypton}}; + \node[below of=Kr, NobleGas] (Xe) {\NaturalElem{54}{131.29}{Xe}{Xenon}}; + \node[below of=Xe, NobleGas] (Rn) {\NaturalElem{86}{222}{Rn}{Radon}}; + \node[below of=Rn, Nonmetal] (Uuo) {\SyntheticElem{118}{294}{Uuo}{Ununoctium}}; + + % Period + \node[left of=H, PeriodLabel] (Period1) {1}; + \node[left of=Li, PeriodLabel] (Period2) {2}; + \node[left of=Na, PeriodLabel] (Period3) {3}; + \node[left of=K, PeriodLabel] (Period4) {4}; + \node[left of=Rb, PeriodLabel] (Period5) {5}; + \node[left of=Cs, PeriodLabel] (Period6) {6}; + \node[left of=Fr, PeriodLabel] (Period7) {7}; + + % Group + \node[above of=H, GroupLabel] (Group1) {1 \hfill IA}; + \node[above of=Be, GroupLabel] (Group2) {2 \hfill IIA}; + \node[above of=Sc, GroupLabel] (Group3) {3 \hfill IIIA}; + \node[above of=Ti, GroupLabel] (Group4) {4 \hfill IVB}; + \node[above of=V, GroupLabel] (Group5) {5 \hfill VB}; + \node[above of=Cr, GroupLabel] (Group6) {6 \hfill VIB}; + \node[above of=Mn, GroupLabel] (Group7) {7 \hfill VIIB}; + \node[above of=Fe, GroupLabel] (Group8) {8 \hfill VIIIB}; + \node[above of=Co, GroupLabel] (Group9) {9 \hfill VIIIB}; + \node[above of=Ni, GroupLabel] (Group10) {10 \hfill VIIIB}; + \node[above of=Cu, GroupLabel] (Group11) {11 \hfill IB}; + \node[above of=Zn, GroupLabel] (Group12) {12 \hfill IIB}; + \node[above of=B, GroupLabel] (Group13) {13 \hfill IIIA}; + \node[above of=C, GroupLabel] (Group14) {14 \hfill IVA}; + \node[above of=N, GroupLabel] (Group15) {15 \hfill VA}; + \node[above of=O, GroupLabel] (Group16) {16 \hfill VIA}; + \node[above of=F, GroupLabel] (Group17) {17 \hfill VIIA}; + \node[above of=He, GroupLabel] (Group18) {18 \hfill VIIIA}; + + % Lanthanide + \node[below of=Rf, LanthanideActinide, yshift=-1cm] (La) {\NaturalElem{57}{138.91}{La}{Lanthanum}}; + \node[right of=La, LanthanideActinide] (Ce) {\NaturalElem{58}{140.12}{Ce}{Cerium}}; + \node[right of=Ce, LanthanideActinide] (Pr) {\NaturalElem{59}{140.91}{Pr}{Praseodymium}}; + \node[right of=Pr, LanthanideActinide] (Nd) {\NaturalElem{60}{144.24}{Nd}{Neodymium}}; + \node[right of=Nd, LanthanideActinide] (Pm) {\NaturalElem{61}{145}{Pm}{Promethium}}; + \node[right of=Pm, LanthanideActinide] (Sm) {\NaturalElem{62}{150.36}{Sm}{Samarium}}; + \node[right of=Sm, LanthanideActinide] (Eu) {\NaturalElem{63}{151.96}{Eu}{Europium}}; + \node[right of=Eu, LanthanideActinide] (Gd) {\NaturalElem{64}{157.25}{Gd}{Gadolinium}}; + \node[right of=Gd, LanthanideActinide] (Tb) {\NaturalElem{65}{158.93}{Tb}{Terbium}}; + \node[right of=Tb, LanthanideActinide] (Dy) {\NaturalElem{66}{162.50}{Dy}{Dysprosium}}; + \node[right of=Dy, LanthanideActinide] (Ho) {\NaturalElem{67}{164.93}{Ho}{Holmium}}; + \node[right of=Ho, LanthanideActinide] (Er) {\NaturalElem{68}{167.26}{Er}{Erbium}}; + \node[right of=Er, LanthanideActinide] (Tm) {\NaturalElem{69}{168.93}{Tm}{Thulium}}; + \node[right of=Tm, LanthanideActinide] (Yb) {\NaturalElem{70}{173.04}{Yb}{Ytterbium}}; + \node[right of=Yb, LanthanideActinide] (Lu) {\NaturalElem{71}{174.97}{Lu}{Lutetium}}; + + % Actinide + \node[below of=La, LanthanideActinide, yshift=-1cm] (Ac) {\NaturalElem{89}{227}{Ac}{Actinium}}; + \node[right of=Ac, LanthanideActinide] (Th) {\NaturalElem{90}{232.04}{Th}{Thorium}}; + \node[right of=Th, LanthanideActinide] (Pa) {\NaturalElem{91}{231.04}{Pa}{Protactinium}}; + \node[right of=Pa, LanthanideActinide] (U) {\NaturalElem{92}{238.03}{U}{Uranium}}; + \node[right of=U, LanthanideActinide] (Np) {\SyntheticElem{93}{237}{Np}{Neptunium}}; + \node[right of=Np, LanthanideActinide] (Pu) {\SyntheticElem{94}{244}{Pu}{Plutonium}}; + \node[right of=Pu, LanthanideActinide] (Am) {\SyntheticElem{95}{243}{Am}{Americium}}; + \node[right of=Am, LanthanideActinide] (Cm) {\SyntheticElem{96}{247}{Cm}{Curium}}; + \node[right of=Cm, LanthanideActinide] (Bk) {\SyntheticElem{97}{247}{Bk}{Berkelium}}; + \node[right of=Bk, LanthanideActinide] (Cf) {\SyntheticElem{98}{251}{Cf}{Californium}}; + \node[right of=Cf, LanthanideActinide] (Es) {\SyntheticElem{99}{252}{Es}{Einsteinium}}; + \node[right of=Es, LanthanideActinide] (Fm) {\SyntheticElem{100}{257}{Fm}{Fermium}}; + \node[right of=Fm, LanthanideActinide] (Md) {\SyntheticElem{101}{258}{Md}{Mendelevium}}; + \node[right of=Md, LanthanideActinide] (No) {\SyntheticElem{102}{259}{No}{Nobelium}}; + \node[right of=No, LanthanideActinide] (Lr) {\SyntheticElem{103}{262}{Lr}{Lawrencium}}; + + % Draw dotted lines connecting Lanthanide breakout to main table + \draw[thick,dotted] (LaLu.north west) -- (La.north west) + (LaLu.south west) -- (La.south west); + % Draw dotted lines connecting Actinide breakout to main table + \draw[thick,dotted] (AcLr.north west) -- (Ac.north west) + (AcLr.south west) -- (Ac.south west); + + % Legend + \fill[AlkaliMetalFill] ($(La.north -| Fr.west) + (0,1em)$) + rectangle +(1em, 1em) node[right, yshift=-1.2ex] (AlkaliMetal) {Alkali Metal}; + \fill[AlkalineEarthMetalFill] ($(AlkaliMetal.west) - (1em,2em)$) + rectangle +(1em, 1em) node[right, yshift=-1.2ex] (AlkalineEarthMetal) {Alkaline Earth Metal}; + \fill[MetalFill] ($(AlkalineEarthMetal.west) - (1em,2em)$) + rectangle +(1em, 1em) node[right, yshift=-1.2ex] (Metal) {Metal}; + \fill[MetalloidFill] ($(Metal.west) - (1em,2em)$) + rectangle +(1em, 1em) node[right, yshift=-1.2ex] (Metalloid) {Metalloid}; + \fill[NonmetalFill] ($(Metalloid.west) - (1em,2em)$) + rectangle +(1em, 1em) node[right, yshift=-1.2ex] (Non-metal) {Non-metal}; + \fill[HalogenFill] ($(Non-metal.west) - (1em,2em)$) + rectangle +(1em, 1em) node[right, yshift=-1.2ex] (Halogen) {Halogen}; + \fill[NobleGasFill] ($(Halogen.west) - (1em,2em)$) + rectangle +(1em, 1em) node[right, yshift=-1.2ex] (NobleGas) {Noble Gas}; + \fill[LanthanideActinideFill] ($(NobleGas.west) - (1em,2em)$) + rectangle +(1em, 1em) node[right, yshift=-1.2ex] (Lanthanide/Actinide) {Lanthanide/Actinide}; + + \node at (Ac -| Fr) [draw, Element, fill=white] (legend) {\NaturalElem{Z}{mass}{\LARGE Symbol}{Name}}; + \node[align=left] at (Ac -| Ra) {black: natural\\\color{gray}gray: man-made}; + + % Diagram Title + \node at (H.west -| Fe.north) [scale=2, font={\sffamily\Huge\bfseries}] + {Periodic Table of Elements}; + +\end{tikzpicture} + +\end{document} diff --git a/sem_eds/images/20240310-112336_screenshot.png b/sem_eds/images/20240310-112336_screenshot.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d99378b Binary files /dev/null and b/sem_eds/images/20240310-112336_screenshot.png differ diff --git a/sem_eds/images/20240310-112456_screenshot.png b/sem_eds/images/20240310-112456_screenshot.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77060e0 Binary files /dev/null and b/sem_eds/images/20240310-112456_screenshot.png differ diff --git a/sem_eds/images/20240310-112616_screenshot.png b/sem_eds/images/20240310-112616_screenshot.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee2697d Binary files /dev/null and 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b/vickers/Filho2010.pdf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c9285bb21042677d7919bf00ab7c5b061956df15ae33bcfeb0ca437a8e76f9f0 +size 429496 diff --git a/vickers/Gadermayr2012149.pdf b/vickers/Gadermayr2012149.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff6ecf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/vickers/Gadermayr2012149.pdf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:30d3351851cd77206f08baf88e145737f2c93a3ff72c4b58e6e3f64c737f233a +size 2247281 diff --git a/vickers/vickers.html b/vickers/vickers.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2757e6c --- /dev/null +++ b/vickers/vickers.html @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d3f8fe4b05b49866e820e491b45c6a142508e62d9d73396ed8dfb6df70f8b37c +size 118429 diff --git a/vickers/vickers.tex b/vickers/vickers.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35162cc --- /dev/null +++ b/vickers/vickers.tex @@ -0,0 +1,952 @@ +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Wang2009624 - Application of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices algorithm in material vickers hardness image segmentation][Wang2009624 - Application of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices algorithm in material vickers hardness image segmentation:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Wang2009624, + author = {Wang, Guitang and Zhu, Jianlin and Cao, Peiliang}, + title = {Application of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices algorithm in material vickers hardness image segmentation}, + year = {2009}, + journal = {3rd International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application, IITA 2009}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {624 – 627}, + doi = {10.1109/IITA.2009.167}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77649306252&doi=10.1109%2fIITA.2009.167&partnerID=40&md5=4849475b47bfd9d8908ace4918e28070}, + abstract = {The algorithm of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices is proposed and is applied to material Vickers hardness image segmentation. Based on the characteristics of the indentation images, this article uses texture features to extract the indentation silhouette from the point view of texture segmentation. We adopt fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrix algorithm to describe the texture characteristics of the indentation image, forming a n-dimensional feature vector, introducing EPNSQ to smooth the features. Finally we combine with the k-means clustering algorithm to get texture segmentation result. The experiment demonstrates that in the material Vickers hardness image segmentation the proposed algorithm was significantly effective and robust. © 2009 IEEE.}, + author_keywords = {Co-occurrence matrices; Fractal dimension; K-means clustering; Textural segmentation; Vickers hardness indentation}, + keywords = {Cobalt compounds; Digital image storage; Feature extraction; Fractal dimension; Image segmentation; Information technology; Partial discharges; Textures; Vickers hardness; Vickers hardness testing; Water supply systems; Co-occurrence matrices; Co-occurrence-matrix; K-means clustering; Textural segmentation; Vickers hardness indentation; Clustering algorithms}, + type = {Conference paper}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 1} + } +@Comment Wang2009624 - Application of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices algorithm in material vickers hardness image segmentation:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Filho2010 - Brinell and Vickers hardness measurement using image processing and analysis techniques][Filho2010 - Brinell and Vickers hardness measurement using image processing and analysis techniques:1]] + @ARTICLE{Filho2010, + author = {Filho, Pedro Pedrosa Rebouças and Da Silveira Cavalcante, Tarique and De Albuquerque, Victor Hugo C. and Tavares, João Manuel R. S.}, + title = {Brinell and Vickers hardness measurement using image processing and analysis techniques}, + year = {2010}, + journal = {Journal of Testing and Evaluation}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + doi = {10.1520/JTE102220}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953261780&doi=10.1520%2fJTE102220&partnerID=40&md5=aa15ade4858326835c57be5e43afef81}, + abstract = {Mechanical hardness testing is fundamental in the evaluation of the mechanical properties of metallic materials due to the fact that the hardness values allow one to determine the wear resistance of the material involved, as well as the approximate values of its ductility and flow tension, among a number of other key characteristics. As a result, the main objective of the present work has been the development and analysis of a computational methodology capable of determining the Brinell and Vickers hardness values from hardness indentation images, which are based on image processing and analysis algorithms. In order to validate the methodology that has been developed, comparisons of the results resulting from the consideration of ten indentation image samples obtained through the conventional manual hardness measurement approach and a computational methodology have been carried out. This analysis allows one to conclude that the semi-automatic measurement of Vickers and Brinell hardnesses by the computational approach is easier, faster, and less dependent on the operator's subjectivity. Copyright © 2010 by ASTM International.}, + author_keywords = {Computational system; Computational vision; Histogram binarization; Image segmentation; Indentation images; Manual hardness measurement; Region growing; Testing and evaluation}, + keywords = {Digital image storage; Graphic methods; Image segmentation; Imaging systems; Materials properties; Materials testing; Mathematical operators; Mechanical properties; Vickers hardness; Vickers hardness testing; Wear resistance; Binarizations; Computational system; Computational vision; Hardness measurement; Histogram binarization; Region growing; Testing and evaluation; Measurements}, + type = {Article}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 37} + } +@Comment Filho2010 - Brinell and Vickers hardness measurement using image processing and analysis techniques:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Gadermayr2012149 - Image segmentation of vickers indentations using shape from focus][Gadermayr2012149 - Image segmentation of vickers indentations using shape from focus:1]] +@ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012149, +author={Gadermayr, Michael and Uhl, Andreas}, +title={Image segmentation of vickers indentations using shape from focus}, +year={2012}, +journal={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, +volume={7324 LNCS}, +number={PART 1}, +pages={149–157}, +doi={10.1007/978-3-642-31295-3_18}, +url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864128731&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-31295-3_18&partnerID=40&md5=7adb00f5fd3df6de04ae8cf17e3e478f}, +abstract={To measure the hardness of a material, an indenter is pressed into the material and the deformation is measured. As we focus on Vickers hardness testing, our exercise is to compute the diagonal lengths of a square indentation. We especially investigate if it is possible to reconstruct the shape of the indentation by the use of the Shape-from-Focus method. We show that the shape information alone does not contain enough information for a robust segmentation. However, we incorporate the depth information into an effective existing approach and achieve significantly better results. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.}, +keywords={Image analysis; Image segmentation; Vickers hardness testing; Depth information; Indenters; Robust segmentation; Shape from focus; Shape information; Vickers indentation; Indentation}, +type={Conference paper}, +publication_stage={Final}, +source={Scopus}, +note={Cited by: 2} +} +@Comment Gadermayr2012149 - Image segmentation of vickers indentations using shape from focus:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Wang2012451 - Unsupervised texture segmentation based on redundant wavelet transform][Wang2012451 - Unsupervised texture segmentation based on redundant wavelet transform:1]] + @ARTICLE{Wang2012451, + author = {Wang, Guitang and Liu, Wenjuan and Wang, Ruihuang and Huang, Xiaowu and Wang, Feng}, + title = {Unsupervised texture segmentation based on redundant wavelet transform}, + year = {2012}, + journal = {Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing}, + volume = {116 AISC}, + number = {VOL. 1}, + pages = {451 – 456}, + doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-11276-8_59}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862107805&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-11276-8_59&partnerID=40&md5=095db16f45c7e484bf58140a5f052ee5}, + abstract = {The algorithm of Redundant Wavelet Transform (RWT) and laws texture measurement is proposed and applied to image segmentation. Based on the characteristics of the indentation images, this article uses texture features to extract the indentation silhouette from the point view of texture segmentation. We adopt Redundant Wavelet Transform and laws texture measurement algorithm to describe the texture characteristics of the indentation image, forming a n-dimensional feature vector, introducing texture features smoothing algorithm based on quadrant to smooth the features. Finally we combine with the improved k-means clustering algorithm to get texture segmentation result. The experiment demonstrates that in the material Vickers hardness image segmentation the proposed algorithm was significantly effective and robust. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.}, + author_keywords = {improved k-means clustering algorithm; laws texture measurement; RWT; Texture segmentation}, + keywords = {Algorithms; Image texture; Textures; Wavelet transforms; Feature vectors; K-Means clustering algorithm; Redundant wavelet transform; RWT; Smoothing algorithms; Texture characteristics; Texture features; Texture measurement; Texture segmentation; Unsupervised texture segmentation; Image segmentation}, + type = {Conference paper}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 0} + } +@Comment Wang2012451 - Unsupervised texture segmentation based on redundant wavelet transform:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Gadermayr2012468 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on the segmentation performance][Gadermayr2012468 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on the segmentation performance:1]] + @ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012468, + author = {Gadermayr, Michael and Maier, Andreas and Uhl, Andreas}, + title = {The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on the segmentation performance}, + year = {2012}, + journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, + volume = {7432 LNCS}, + number = {PART 2}, + pages = {468 – 478}, + doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-33191-6_46}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866707751&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-33191-6_46&partnerID=40&md5=e296307bc7cb04a2677e812877b0867e}, + abstract = {Whereas common Vickers indentation segmentation algorithms are precise with high quality images, low quality images often cannot be segmented appropriately. We investigate an approach, where unfocused images are segmented. On the one hand, the segmentation accuracy of low quality images can be improved. On the other hand we aim in reducing the overall runtime of the hardness testing method. We introduce one approach based on single unfocused images and one gradual enhancement approach based on image series. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.}, + keywords = {Artificial intelligence; High quality images; Image series; Low qualities; Runtimes; Segmentation accuracy; Segmentation algorithms; Segmentation performance; Vickers indentation; Image segmentation}, + type = {Conference paper}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 2} + } +@Comment Gadermayr2012468 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on the segmentation performance:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Gadermayr2012362 - Dual-resolution active contours segmentation of vickers indentation images with shape prior initialization][Gadermayr2012362 - Dual-resolution active contours segmentation of vickers indentation images with shape prior initialization:1]] + @ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012362, + author = {Gadermayr, Michael and Uhl, Andreas}, + title = {Dual-resolution active contours segmentation of vickers indentation images with shape prior initialization}, + year = {2012}, + journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, + volume = {7340 LNCS}, + pages = {362 – 369}, + doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-31254-0_41}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865682634&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-31254-0_41&partnerID=40&md5=25ee8d6f32287c4d6d1b1105e04e4a1d}, + abstract = {Vickers microindentation imagery is segmented using the Chan-Vese level-set approach. In order to find a suitable initialization, we propose to apply a Shape-Prior gradient descent approach to a significantly resolution-reduced image. Subsequent local Hough transform leads to a very high accuracy of the overall approach. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.}, + keywords = {Hough transforms; Signal processing; Active contours; Gradient descent; Level set approach; Shape priors; Vickers indentation; Vickers microindentation; Image segmentation}, + type = {Conference paper}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access} + } +@Comment Gadermayr2012362 - Dual-resolution active contours segmentation of vickers indentation images with shape prior initialization:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Macedo2006287 - Using Hough transform as an auxiliary technique for Vickers hardness measurement][Macedo2006287 - Using Hough transform as an auxiliary technique for Vickers hardness measurement:1]] +@ARTICLE{Macedo2006287, +author={Macedo, M. and Mendes, V.B. and Conci, A. and Leta, F.R.}, +title={Using hough transform as an auxiliary technique for vickers hardness measurement}, +journal={Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processin (IWSSIP'06)}, +year={2006}, +pages={287-290}, +note={cited By 12}, +} +@Comment Macedo2006287 - Using Hough transform as an auxiliary technique for Vickers hardness measurement:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Mendes2003992 - Automatic measurement of Brinell and Vickers hardness using computer vision techniques][Mendes2003992 - Automatic measurement of Brinell and Vickers hardness using computer vision techniques:1]] +@ARTICLE{Mendes2003992, +author={Mendes, V. and Leta, F.}, +title={Automatic measurement of Brinell and Vickers hardness using computer vision techniques}, +journal={Proceedings of the XVII IMEKO World Congress}, +year={2003}, +pages={992-995}, +note={cited By 16}, +} +@Comment Mendes2003992 - Automatic measurement of Brinell and Vickers hardness using computer vision techniques:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Chan2001266 - Active contours without edges][Chan2001266 - Active contours without edges:1]] +@ARTICLE{Chan2001266, +author={Chan, T.F. and Vese, L.A.}, +title={Active contours without edges}, +journal={IEEE Transactions on Image Processing}, +year={2001}, +volume={10}, +number={2}, +pages={266-277}, +doi={10.1109/83.902291}, +note={cited By 9291}, +} +@Comment Chan2001266 - Active contours without edges:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Cohen1991211 - On active contour models and balloons][Cohen1991211 - On active contour models and balloons:1]] +@ARTICLE{Cohen1991211, +author={Cohen, L.D.}, +title={On active contour models and balloons}, +journal={CVGIP: Image Understanding}, +year={1991}, +volume={53}, +number={2}, +pages={211-218}, +doi={10.1016/1049-9660(91)90028-N}, +note={cited By 1828}, +} +@Comment Cohen1991211 - On active contour models and balloons:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Gadermayr20131183 - Active contours methods with respect to Vickers indentations][Gadermayr20131183 - Active contours methods with respect to Vickers indentations:1]] + @ARTICLE{Gadermayr20131183, + author = {Gadermayr, Michael and Maier, Andreas and Uhl, Andreas}, + title = {Active contours methods with respect to Vickers indentations}, + year = {2013}, + journal = {Machine Vision and Applications}, + volume = {24}, + number = {6}, + pages = {1183 – 1196}, + doi = {10.1007/s00138-012-0478-5}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880824940&doi=10.1007%2fs00138-012-0478-5&partnerID=40&md5=7eae8fca4224ccd8fffb1e0ba41c7d93}, + abstract = {We investigate different Vickers indentation segmentation methods and especially concentrate on active contours approaches as these techniques are known to be precise state of the art segmentation methods. Particularly, different kinds of level set-based methods which are improvements of the traditional active contours are analyzed. In order to circumvent the initialization problem of active contours, we separate the segmentation process into two stages. For the first stage, we introduce an approach which approximately locates the indentations with a high certainty. The results achieved with this method serve as initializations for the precise active contours (second stage). This two-stage approach delivers highly precise results for most real world indentation images. However, there are images, which are very difficult to segment. To handle even such images, our segmentation method is incorporated with the Shape from Focus approach, by including 3D information. In order to decrease the overall runtime, moreover, a gradual enhancement approach based on unfocused images is introduced. With three different databases, we compare the proposed methods and we show that the segmentation accuracy of these methods is highly competitive compared with other approaches in the literature. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.}, + author_keywords = {Active contours; Focus; Shape Prior; Vickers}, + keywords = {Focusing; Indentation; Numerical methods; Active contours; Initialization Problem; Segmentation accuracy; Segmentation methods; Segmentation process; Shape priors; Two-stage approaches; Vickers; Image segmentation}, + type = {Article}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 10} + } +@Comment Gadermayr20131183 - Active contours methods with respect to Vickers indentations:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Nayar1992302 - Shape from focus system][Nayar1992302 - Shape from focus system:1]] +@CONFERENCE{Nayar1992302, +author={Nayar, S.K.}, +title={Shape from focus system}, +journal={Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}, +year={1992}, +volume={1992-June}, +pages={302-308}, +doi={10.1109/CVPR.1992.223259}, +art_number={223259}, +note={cited By 100}, +} +@Comment Nayar1992302 - Shape from focus system:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Harada2010492 - Robust method for position measurement of vertex of polyhedron using shape from focus][Harada2010492 - Robust method for position measurement of vertex of polyhedron using shape from focus:1]] +@ARTICLE{Harada2010492, +author={Harada, T.}, +title={Robust method for position measurement of vertex of polyhedron using shape from focus}, +journal={Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems and Manufacturing}, +year={2010}, +volume={4}, +number={2}, +pages={492-503}, +doi={10.1299/jamdsm.4.492}, +note={cited By 1}, +} +@Comment Harada2010492 - Robust method for position measurement of vertex of polyhedron using shape from focus:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Osher198812 - Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations][Osher198812 - Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations:1]] +@ARTICLE{Osher198812, +author={Osher, S. and Sethian, J.A.}, +title={Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations}, +journal={Journal of Computational Physics}, +year={1988}, +volume={79}, +number={1}, +pages={12-49}, +doi={10.1016/0021-9991(88)90002-2}, +note={cited By 11814}, +} +@Comment Osher198812 - Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Cremers2007195 - A review of statistical approaches to level set segmentation: Integrating color, texture, motion and shape][Cremers2007195 - A review of statistical approaches to level set segmentation: Integrating color, texture, motion and shape:1]] +@ARTICLE{Cremers2007195, +author={Cremers, D. and Rousson, M. and Deriche, R.}, +title={A review of statistical approaches to level set segmentation: Integrating color, texture, motion and shape}, +journal={International Journal of Computer Vision}, +year={2007}, +volume={72}, +number={2}, +pages={195-215}, +doi={10.1007/s11263-006-8711-1}, +note={cited By 856}, +} +@Comment Cremers2007195 - A review of statistical approaches to level set segmentation: Integrating color, texture, motion and shape:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*LimaMoreira2016294 - A novel Vickers hardness measurement technique based on Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method][LimaMoreira2016294 - A novel Vickers hardness measurement technique based on Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method:1]] + @ARTICLE{LimaMoreira2016294, + author = {Lima Moreira, Francisco Diego and Kleinberg, Maurício Nunes and Arruda, Hemerson Furtado and Costa Freitas, Francisco Nélio and Valente Parente, Marcelo Monteiro and De Albuquerque, Victor Hugo Costa and Rebouças Filho, Pedro Pedrosa}, + title = {A novel Vickers hardness measurement technique based on Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method}, + year = {2016}, + journal = {Expert Systems with Applications}, + volume = {45}, + pages = {294 – 306}, + doi = {10.1016/j.eswa.2015.09.025}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946234376&doi=10.1016%2fj.eswa.2015.09.025&partnerID=40&md5=db1918b7a7f7a4e31a52b0837821fa93}, + abstract = {Among the forms of assessment of materials to use in a particular application there is the measuring systems of Vickers hardness. This measurement is performed manually by experts, being very interpretative and subjective, which usually leads to variability of the Vickers hardness value between observers and even for the same observer. The experience of the skilled in measurement will determine if the material can be used for an application or not. There are some works use traditional methods to perform the measurement of Vickers hardness for Digital Image Processing (DIP). This work's main objective has been to propose a new methodology capable of determining the Vickers Hardness testing values from indentation images by using the Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Methods. The results of the hardness measurement using the Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method (ABACM) were significant compared to other methods, by observing the MSE obtained from the measured Vickers hardness, the value by obtained ABACM method is three times lower than the Region Growing method, and five times lower than Watershed method. In addition, the measurement method was carried out in 1.2 ± 0.3 s. The proposed method stands out for not requiring pre-processing and post-processing steps, because its mathematical formulation is robust to noise in this application. It is worth highlighting que Significantly cam close to the two specialists, Demonstrating que can be used to aid in measuring the Vickers hardness. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, + author_keywords = {Active Contour Method; Adaptive Balloon; Image segmentation; Vickers hardness}, + keywords = {Balloons; Image processing; Image segmentation; Vickers hardness testing; Active contour method; Digital image processing (DIP); Hardness measurement; Mathematical formulation; Measurement methods; Measuring systems; Region growing methods; Vickers hardness measurements; Vickers hardness}, + type = {Article}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 31} + } +@Comment LimaMoreira2016294 - A novel Vickers hardness measurement technique based on Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Li20241 - Lightweight Segmentation Neural Networks for Measuring Vickers Hardness][Li20241 - Lightweight Segmentation Neural Networks for Measuring Vickers Hardness:1]] +@ARTICLE{Li20241, +author={Li, Zexian and Cai, Chenglin and Yin, Feng and Guan, Wenhui and Fang, Yun}, +title={Lightweight Segmentation Neural Networks for Measuring Vickers Hardness}, +year={2024}, +journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, +volume={73}, +pages={1–9}, +doi={10.1109/TIM.2023.3343788}, +url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182355288&doi=10.1109%2fTIM.2023.3343788&partnerID=40&md5=61e46553223ac203e083bfb1caa97d9f}, +abstract={— The automatic measurement algorithm for Vickers hardness indentation has been widely applied. Among these, the neural network-based method has received attention for its excellent segmentation performance. However, high storage space and computation requirements hinder its promotion on edge computing devices. To address this issue, this study proposes two lightweight Vickers indentation segmentation networks: VSNLite4M and VSNLite1M. Compared with previous methods, the proposed networks achieve a reduction of 35.2× in terms of computational cost with up to 38× fewer parameters, while maintaining the same level of segmentation accuracy. © 2023 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.}, +author_keywords={Automatic measurement; hardness testing; image segmentation; neural network; Vicker hardness}, +keywords={Edge computing; Feature extraction; Image segmentation; Job analysis; Vickers hardness; Automatic measurements; Convolutional neural network; Edge computing; Features extraction; Images segmentations; Length measurement; Neural-networks; Task analysis; Vicker hardness; Neural networks}, +type={Article}, +publication_stage={Final}, +source={Scopus}, +note={Cited by: 0} +} +@Comment Li20241 - Lightweight Segmentation Neural Networks for Measuring Vickers Hardness:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Chen20221043 - Automatic Measurement Algorithm for Brinell Indentations Based on Convolutional Neural Network][Chen20221043 - Automatic Measurement Algorithm for Brinell Indentations Based on Convolutional Neural Network:1]] + @ARTICLE{Chen20221043, + author={Chen, Y. and Fang, Q. and Tian, H. and Li, S. and Song, Z. and Li, J.}, + title={Automatic Measurement Algorithm for Brinell Indentations Based on Convolutional Neural Network}, + journal={Sensors and Materials}, + year={2022}, + volume={34}, + number={3}, + pages={1043-1056}, + doi={10.18494/SAM3780}, + note={cited By 2}, + } +@Comment Chen20221043 - Automatic Measurement Algorithm for Brinell Indentations Based on Convolutional Neural Network:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Tanaka2019 - Measuring Brinell hardness indentation by using a convolutional neural network][Tanaka2019 - Measuring Brinell hardness indentation by using a convolutional neural network:1]] + @ARTICLE{Tanaka2019, + author={Tanaka, Y. and Seino, Y. and Hattori, K.}, + title={Measuring Brinell hardness indentation by using a convolutional neural network}, + journal={Measurement Science and Technology}, + year={2019}, + volume={30}, + number={6}, + doi={10.1088/1361-6501/ab150f}, + art_number={065012}, + note={cited By 12}, + } +@Comment Tanaka2019 - Measuring Brinell hardness indentation by using a convolutional neural network:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Cheng2022 - Vickers Hardness Value Test via Multi-Task Learning Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Augmentation][Cheng2022 - Vickers Hardness Value Test via Multi-Task Learning Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Augmentation:1]] + @ARTICLE{Cheng2022, + author={Cheng, W.-S. and Chen, G.-Y. and Shih, X.-Y. and Elsisi, M. and Tsai, M.-H. and Dai, H.-J.}, + title={Vickers Hardness Value Test via Multi-Task Learning Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Augmentation}, + journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)}, + year={2022}, + volume={12}, + number={21}, + doi={10.3390/app122110820}, + art_number={10820}, + note={cited By 12}, + } +@Comment Cheng2022 - Vickers Hardness Value Test via Multi-Task Learning Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Augmentation:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Dovale-Farelo2022 - Vickers hardness prediction from machine learning methods][Dovale-Farelo2022 - Vickers hardness prediction from machine learning methods:1]] + @ARTICLE{Dovale-Farelo2022, + author={Dovale-Farelo, V. and Tavadze, P. and Lang, L. and Bautista-Hernandez, A. and Romero, A.H.}, + title={Vickers hardness prediction from machine learning methods}, + journal={Scientific Reports}, + year={2022}, + volume={12}, + number={1}, + doi={10.1038/s41598-022-26729-3}, + art_number={22475}, + note={cited By 1}, + } +@Comment Dovale-Farelo2022 - Vickers hardness prediction from machine learning methods:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Jalilian20213 - Deep Learning Based Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement][Jalilian20213 - Deep Learning Based Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement:1]] + @ARTICLE{Jalilian20213, + author={Jalilian, E. and Uhl, A.}, + title={Deep Learning Based Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement}, + journal={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, + year={2021}, + volume={13053 LNCS}, + pages={3-13}, + doi={10.1007/978-3-030-89131-2_1}, + note={cited By 5}, + } +@Comment Jalilian20213 - Deep Learning Based Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Cai2023 - Automatic Vickers Hardness Measurement With Neural Network Segmentation][Cai2023 - Automatic Vickers Hardness Measurement With Neural Network Segmentation:1]] + @ARTICLE{Cai2023, + author={Cai, C. and Li, Z. and Yin, F. and Wang, Z. and Chen, Y.}, + title={Automatic Vickers Hardness Measurement With Neural Network Segmentation}, + journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, + year={2023}, + volume={72}, + doi={10.1109/TIM.2022.3227986}, + art_number={2501111}, + note={cited By 2}, + } +@Comment Cai2023 - Automatic Vickers Hardness Measurement With Neural Network Segmentation:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Lin20175168 - RefineNet: Multi-path refinement networks for high-resolution semantic segmentation][Lin20175168 - RefineNet: Multi-path refinement networks for high-resolution semantic segmentation:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Lin20175168, + author={Lin, G. and Milan, A. and Shen, C. and Reid, I.}, + title={RefineNet: Multi-path refinement networks for high-resolution semantic segmentation}, + journal={Proceedings - 30th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2017}, + year={2017}, + volume={2017-January}, + pages={5168-5177}, + doi={10.1109/CVPR.2017.549}, + note={cited By 2038}, + } +@Comment Lin20175168 - RefineNet: Multi-path refinement networks for high-resolution semantic segmentation:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Qin2020 - U2-Net: Going deeper with nested U-structure for salient object detection][Qin2020 - U2-Net: Going deeper with nested U-structure for salient object detection:1]] + @ARTICLE{Qin2020, + author={Qin, X. and Zhang, Z. and Huang, C. and Dehghan, M. and Zaiane, O.R. and Jagersand, M.}, + title={U2-Net: Going deeper with nested U-structure for salient object detection}, + journal={Pattern Recognition}, + year={2020}, + volume={106}, + doi={10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107404}, + art_number={107404}, + note={cited By 893}, + } +@Comment Qin2020 - U2-Net: Going deeper with nested U-structure for salient object detection:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Valanarasu2022 - UNeXt: MLP-based rapid medical image segmentation network][Valanarasu2022 - UNeXt: MLP-based rapid medical image segmentation network:1]] + @ARTICLE{Valanarasu2022, + author={Valanarasu, J.M.J. and Patel, V.M.}, + journal={UNeXt: MLP-based rapid medical image segmentation network}, + year={2022}, + note={cited By 0}, + } +@Comment Valanarasu2022 - UNeXt: MLP-based rapid medical image segmentation network:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Howard20191314 - Searching for mobileNetV3][Howard20191314 - Searching for mobileNetV3:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Howard20191314, + author={Howard, A. and Sandler, M. and Chen, B. and Wang, W. and Chen, L.-C. and Tan, M. and Chu, G. and Vasudevan, V. and Zhu, Y. and Pang, R. and Le, Q. and Adam, H.}, + title={Searching for mobileNetV3}, + journal={Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision}, + year={2019}, + volume={2019-October}, + pages={1314-1324}, + doi={10.1109/ICCV.2019.00140}, + art_number={9008835}, + note={cited By 4146}, + } +@Comment Howard20191314 - Searching for mobileNetV3:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Mehta0000 - MobileViT: Light-weight, general-purpose, and mobile-friendly vision transformer][Mehta0000 - MobileViT: Light-weight, general-purpose, and mobile-friendly vision transformer:1]] + @ARTICLE{Mehta0000, + author={Mehta, S. and Rastegari, M.}, + journal={MobileViT: Light-weight, general-purpose, and mobile-friendly vision transformer}, + year={0000}, + volume={2021}, + note={cited By 0}, + } +@Comment Mehta0000 - MobileViT: Light-weight, general-purpose, and mobile-friendly vision transformer:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*He2016770 - Deep residual learning for image recognition][He2016770 - Deep residual learning for image recognition:1]] + @CONFERENCE{He2016770, + author={He, K. and Zhang, X. and Ren, S. and Sun, J.}, + title={Deep residual learning for image recognition}, + journal={Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}, + year={2016}, + volume={2016-December}, + pages={770-778}, + doi={10.1109/CVPR.2016.90}, + art_number={7780459}, + note={cited By 130455}, + } +@Comment He2016770 - Deep residual learning for image recognition:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Sandler20184510 - MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks][Sandler20184510 - MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Sandler20184510, + author={Sandler, M. and Howard, A. and Zhu, M. and Zhmoginov, A. and Chen, L.-C.}, + title={MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks}, + journal={Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}, + year={2018}, + pages={4510-4520}, + doi={10.1109/CVPR.2018.00474}, + art_number={8578572}, + note={cited By 13301}, + } +@Comment Sandler20184510 - MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Srinivas202116514 - Bottleneck transformers for visual recognition][Srinivas202116514 - Bottleneck transformers for visual recognition:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Srinivas202116514, + author={Srinivas, A. and Lin, T.-Y. and Parmar, N. and Shlens, J. and Abbeel, P. and Vaswani, A.}, + title={Bottleneck transformers for visual recognition}, + journal={Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}, + year={2021}, + pages={16514-16524}, + doi={10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.01625}, + note={cited By 614}, + } +@Comment Srinivas202116514 - Bottleneck transformers for visual recognition:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Zhou2020680 - Rethinking Bottleneck Structure for Efficient Mobile Network Design][Zhou2020680 - Rethinking Bottleneck Structure for Efficient Mobile Network Design:1]] + @ARTICLE{Zhou2020680, + author={Zhou, D. and Hou, Q. and Chen, Y. and Feng, J. and Yan, S.}, + title={Rethinking Bottleneck Structure for Efficient Mobile Network Design}, + journal={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, + year={2020}, + volume={12348 LNCS}, + pages={680-697}, + doi={10.1007/978-3-030-58580-8_40}, + note={cited By 91}, + } +@Comment Zhou2020680 - Rethinking Bottleneck Structure for Efficient Mobile Network Design:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*He2016630 - Identity mappings in deep residual networks][He2016630 - Identity mappings in deep residual networks:1]] + @ARTICLE{He2016630, + author={He, K. and Zhang, X. and Ren, S. and Sun, J.}, + title={Identity mappings in deep residual networks}, + journal={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, + year={2016}, + volume={9908 LNCS}, + pages={630-645}, + doi={10.1007/978-3-319-46493-0_38}, + note={cited By 5781}, + } +@Comment He2016630 - Identity mappings in deep residual networks:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Dogan2022 - Automated accurate fire detection system using ensemble pretrained residual network][Dogan2022 - Automated accurate fire detection system using ensemble pretrained residual network:1]] + @ARTICLE{Dogan2022, + author={Dogan, S. and Datta Barua, P. and Kutlu, H. and Baygin, M. and Fujita, H. and Tuncer, T. and Acharya, U.R.}, + title={Automated accurate fire detection system using ensemble pretrained residual network}, + journal={Expert Systems with Applications}, + year={2022}, + volume={203}, + doi={10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117407}, + art_number={117407}, + note={cited By 34}, + } +@Comment Dogan2022 - Automated accurate fire detection system using ensemble pretrained residual network:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Liang2020 - A transfer learning method with deep residual network for pediatric pneumonia diagnosis][Liang2020 - A transfer learning method with deep residual network for pediatric pneumonia diagnosis:1]] + @ARTICLE{Liang2020, + author={Liang, G. and Zheng, L.}, + title={A transfer learning method with deep residual network for pediatric pneumonia diagnosis}, + journal={Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine}, + year={2020}, + volume={187}, + doi={10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.06.023}, + art_number={104964}, + note={cited By 259}, + } +@Comment Liang2020 - A transfer learning method with deep residual network for pediatric pneumonia diagnosis:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Li20194277 - SIAMRPN++: Evolution of siamese visual tracking with very deep networks][Li20194277 - SIAMRPN++: Evolution of siamese visual tracking with very deep networks:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Li20194277, + author={Li, B. and Wu, W. and Wang, Q. and Zhang, F. and Xing, J. and Yan, J.}, + title={SIAMRPN++: Evolution of siamese visual tracking with very deep networks}, + journal={Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}, + year={2019}, + volume={2019-June}, + pages={4277-4286}, + doi={10.1109/CVPR.2019.00441}, + art_number={8954116}, + note={cited By 1431}, + } +@Comment Li20194277 - SIAMRPN++: Evolution of siamese visual tracking with very deep networks:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Bloice20194522 - Biomedical image augmentation using Augmentor][Bloice20194522 - Biomedical image augmentation using Augmentor:1]] + @ARTICLE{Bloice20194522, + author={Bloice, M.D. and Roth, P.M. and Holzinger, A.}, + title={Biomedical image augmentation using Augmentor}, + journal={Bioinformatics}, + year={2019}, + volume={35}, + number={21}, + pages={4522-4524}, + doi={10.1093/bioinformatics/btz259}, + note={cited By 170}, + } +@Comment Bloice20194522 - Biomedical image augmentation using Augmentor:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Buslaev2020 - Albumentations: Fast and flexible image augmentations][Buslaev2020 - Albumentations: Fast and flexible image augmentations:1]] + @ARTICLE{Buslaev2020, + author={Buslaev, A. and Iglovikov, V.I. and Khvedchenya, E. and Parinov, A. and Druzhinin, M. and Kalinin, A.A.}, + title={Albumentations: Fast and flexible image augmentations}, + journal={Information (Switzerland)}, + year={2020}, + volume={11}, + number={2}, + doi={10.3390/info11020125}, + art_number={125}, + note={cited By 989}, + } +@Comment Buslaev2020 - Albumentations: Fast and flexible image augmentations:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Gontarski2022 - Weightings on the Propagation of Errors in the Vickers Hardness Parameters][Gontarski2022 - Weightings on the Propagation of Errors in the Vickers Hardness Parameters:1]] + @ARTICLE{Gontarski2022, + author={Gontarski, T.L. and Leal, A.P. and Casali, R.M. and Braun, S.E. and Soares, P. and Fujarra, A.L.C. and Mikowski, A.}, + title={Weightings on the Propagation of Errors in the Vickers Hardness Parameters}, + journal={Brazilian Journal of Physics}, + year={2022}, + volume={52}, + number={4}, + doi={10.1007/s13538-022-01110-x}, + art_number={107}, + note={cited By 2}, + } +@Comment Gontarski2022 - Weightings on the Propagation of Errors in the Vickers Hardness Parameters:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*NoAuthor2018 - Metallic Materials‐Vickers Hardness Test‐Verification and Calibration of Testing Machines][NoAuthor2018 - Metallic Materials‐Vickers Hardness Test‐Verification and Calibration of Testing Machines:1]] + @ARTICLE{NoAuthor2018, + journal={Metallic Materials‐Vickers Hardness Test‐Verification and Calibration of Testing Machines}, + year={2018}, + note={cited By 13}, + } +@Comment NoAuthor2018 - Metallic Materials‐Vickers Hardness Test‐Verification and Calibration of Testing Machines:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Dijmarescu2020 - Design and Development of a Software for the Estimation of the Vickers Hardness Measurement Uncertainty][Dijmarescu2020 - Design and Development of a Software for the Estimation of the Vickers Hardness Measurement Uncertainty:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Dijmarescu2020, + author={Dijmarescu, M.C. and Dijmarescu, M.R.}, + title={Design and Development of a Software for the Estimation of the Vickers Hardness Measurement Uncertainty}, + journal={IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering}, + year={2020}, + volume={916}, + number={1}, + doi={10.1088/1757-899X/916/1/012026}, + art_number={012026}, + note={cited By 3}, + } +@Comment Dijmarescu2020 - Design and Development of a Software for the Estimation of the Vickers Hardness Measurement Uncertainty:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Elizabeth2019317 - Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation in Vickers Hardness Scale Using Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and Monte Carlo Simulation][Elizabeth2019317 - Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation in Vickers Hardness Scale Using Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and Monte Carlo Simulation:1]] + @ARTICLE{Elizabeth2019317, + author={Elizabeth, I. and Kumar, R. and Garg, N. and Asif, M. and Manikandan, R.M. and Girish and Titus, S.S.K.}, + title={Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation in Vickers Hardness Scale Using Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and Monte Carlo Simulation}, + journal={Mapan - Journal of Metrology Society of India}, + year={2019}, + volume={34}, + number={3}, + pages={317-323}, + doi={10.1007/s12647-019-00341-9}, + note={cited By 9}, + } +@Comment Elizabeth2019317 - Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation in Vickers Hardness Scale Using Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and Monte Carlo Simulation:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Baldner2020265 - A Review on Computer Vision Applied to Mechanical Tests in Search for Better Accuracy][Baldner2020265 - A Review on Computer Vision Applied to Mechanical Tests in Search for Better Accuracy:1]] + @ARTICLE{Baldner2020265, + author={Baldner, F.O. and Costa, P.B. and Gomes, J.F.S. and Leta, F.R.}, + title={A Review on Computer Vision Applied to Mechanical Tests in Search for Better Accuracy}, + journal={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, + year={2020}, + pages={265-281}, + doi={10.1007/978-981-13-9806-3_9}, + note={cited By 8}, + } +@Comment Baldner2020265 - A Review on Computer Vision Applied to Mechanical Tests in Search for Better Accuracy:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Zexian2021 - A Novel coarse-to-fine Localization Algorithm for Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement][Zexian2021 - A Novel coarse-to-fine Localization Algorithm for Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Zexian2021, + author={Zexian, L. and Feng, Y.}, + title={A Novel coarse-to-fine Localization Algorithm for Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement}, + journal={Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, + year={2021}, + volume={1996}, + number={1}, + doi={10.1088/1742-6596/1996/1/012001}, + art_number={012001}, + note={cited By 3}, + } +@Comment Zexian2021 - A Novel coarse-to-fine Localization Algorithm for Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Gadermayr2012 - Robust algorithm for automated microindentation measurement in Vickers hardness testing][Gadermayr2012 - Robust algorithm for automated microindentation measurement in Vickers hardness testing:1]] + @ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012, + author={Gadermayr, M. and Maier, A. and Uhl, A.}, + title={Robust algorithm for automated microindentation measurement in Vickers hardness testing}, + journal={Journal of Electronic Imaging}, + year={2012}, + volume={21}, + number={2}, + doi={10.1117/1.JEI.21.2.021109}, + art_number={021109}, + note={cited By 12}, + } +@Comment Gadermayr2012 - Robust algorithm for automated microindentation measurement in Vickers hardness testing:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Maier2011295 - Robust automatic indentation localisation and size approximation for Vickers microindentation hardness indentations][Maier2011295 - Robust automatic indentation localisation and size approximation for Vickers microindentation hardness indentations:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Maier2011295, + author={Maier, A. and Uhl, A.}, + title={Robust automatic indentation localisation and size approximation for Vickers microindentation hardness indentations}, + journal={ISPA 2011 - 7th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis}, + year={2011}, + pages={295-300}, + art_number={6046622}, + note={cited By 12}, + } +@Comment Maier2011295 - Robust automatic indentation localisation and size approximation for Vickers microindentation hardness indentations:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Fedotkin2021357 - Automatic Processing of Microhardness Images Using Computer Vision Methods][Fedotkin2021357 - Automatic Processing of Microhardness Images Using Computer Vision Methods:1]] + @ARTICLE{Fedotkin2021357, + author={Fedotkin, A.P. and Laktionov, I.V. and Kravchuk, K.S. and Maslenikov, I.I. and Useinov, A.S.}, + title={Automatic Processing of Microhardness Images Using Computer Vision Methods}, + journal={Instruments and Experimental Techniques}, + year={2021}, + volume={64}, + number={3}, + pages={357-362}, + doi={10.1134/S0020441221030180}, + note={cited By 5}, + } +@Comment Fedotkin2021357 - Automatic Processing of Microhardness Images Using Computer Vision Methods:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Polanco2023 - Automatic Method for Vickers Hardness Estimation by Image Processing][Polanco2023 - Automatic Method for Vickers Hardness Estimation by Image Processing:1]] + @ARTICLE{Polanco2023, + author={Polanco, J.D. and Jacanamejoy-Jamioy, C. and Mambuscay, C.L. and Piamba, J.F. and Forero, M.G.}, + title={Automatic Method for Vickers Hardness Estimation by Image Processing}, + journal={Journal of Imaging}, + year={2023}, + volume={9}, + number={1}, + doi={10.3390/jimaging9010008}, + art_number={8}, + note={cited By 3}, + } +@Comment Polanco2023 - Automatic Method for Vickers Hardness Estimation by Image Processing:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Zhao2021 - Automatic and Accurate Measurement of Microhardness Profile Based on Image Processing][Zhao2021 - Automatic and Accurate Measurement of Microhardness Profile Based on Image Processing:1]] + @ARTICLE{Zhao2021, + author={Zhao, Y.J. and Xu, W.H. and Xi, C.Z. and Liang, D.T. and Li, H.N.}, + title={Automatic and Accurate Measurement of Microhardness Profile Based on Image Processing}, + journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, + year={2021}, + volume={70}, + doi={10.1109/TIM.2021.3067191}, + art_number={9381729}, + note={cited By 26}, + } +@Comment Zhao2021 - Automatic and Accurate Measurement of Microhardness Profile Based on Image Processing:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Tanaka2018 - Vickers hardness measurement by using convolutional neural network][Tanaka2018 - Vickers hardness measurement by using convolutional neural network:1]] + @CONFERENCE{Tanaka2018, + author={Tanaka, Y. and Seino, Y. and Hattori, K.}, + title={Vickers hardness measurement by using convolutional neural network}, + journal={Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, + year={2018}, + volume={1065}, + number={6}, + doi={10.1088/1742-6596/1065/6/062001}, + art_number={062001}, + note={cited By 6}, + } +@Comment Tanaka2018 - Vickers hardness measurement by using convolutional neural network:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Tanaka20201345 - Automated Vickers hardness measurement using convolutional neural networks][Tanaka20201345 - Automated Vickers hardness measurement using convolutional neural networks:1]] + @ARTICLE{Tanaka20201345, + author={Tanaka, Y. and Seino, Y. and Hattori, K.}, + title={Automated Vickers hardness measurement using convolutional neural networks}, + journal={International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, + year={2020}, + volume={109}, + number={5-6}, + pages={1345-1355}, + doi={10.1007/s00170-020-05746-4}, + note={cited By 13}, + } +@Comment Tanaka20201345 - Automated Vickers hardness measurement using convolutional neural networks:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Dominguez-Nicolas2021 - Algorithm for automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness using image processing][Dominguez-Nicolas2021 - Algorithm for automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness using image processing:1]] +@ARTICLE{Dominguez-Nicolas2021, +author={Domínguez-Nicolas, S.M. and Herrera-May, A.L. and García-González, L. and Zamora-Peredo, L. and Hernández-Torres, J. and Martínez-Castillo, J. and Morales-González, E.A. and Cerón-Álvarez, C.A. and Escobar-Pérez, A.}, +title={Algorithm for automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness using image processing}, +year={2021}, +journal={Measurement Science and Technology}, +volume={32}, +number={1}, +doi={10.1088/1361-6501/abaa66}, +url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095813483&doi=10.1088%2f1361-6501%2fabaa66&partnerID=40&md5=845343f4d30261586943a8462c79efc2}, +abstract={In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for the automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness, using image processing. This algorithm uses image segmentation via binarization, automatically evaluating the mean and extreme gray values by means of standard histogram equalization so as to determine the optimal binarization threshold from each input image. We use a morphological filter and region growing to identify the indentation footprint. Our algorithm determines the four indentation vertices required to calculate diagonal lengths and Vickers hardness number. This algorithm is applied to 230 indentation images of steel-316 and hafnium nitride specimens, obtained using a micro hardness machine. The proposed algorithm can measure the Vickers hardness number of specimens using their indentation images. The algorithm results have a relative error of less than 3% with respect to those obtained through a conventional manual procedure. This algorithm can be used for indentation images with low contrast and irregular indentation edges. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK}, +author_keywords={Algorithm; Image processing; Indentation; Non-destructive testing; Vickers hardness}, +keywords={Edge detection; Elastic moduli; Hafnium compounds; Image segmentation; Microhardness; Vickers hardness; Automatic Detection; Binarization threshold; Hafnium nitrides; Histogram equalizations; Indentation edge; Morphological filters; Vickers hardness numbers; Vickers indentation; Indentation}, +type={Article}, +publication_stage={Final}, +source={Scopus}, +note={Cited by: 7} +} +@Comment Dominguez-Nicolas2021 - Algorithm for automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness using image processing:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Dominguez-Nicolas2018 - Indentation Image Analysis for Vickers Hardness Testing][Dominguez-Nicolas2018 - Indentation Image Analysis for Vickers Hardness Testing:1]] +@CONFERENCE{Dominguez-Nicolas2018, +author={Dominguez-Nicolas, Saul M. and Wiederhold, Petra}, +title={Indentation Image Analysis for Vickers Hardness Testing}, +year={2018}, +journal={2018 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control, CCE 2018}, +doi={10.1109/ICEEE.2018.8533881}, +url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058450690&doi=10.1109%2fICEEE.2018.8533881&partnerID=40&md5=c0246c530ebdd96633f00bcd79c00a05}, +abstract={The paper presents a novel algorithm for detection and measurement of indentations in Vickers hardness testing images, within a specific case of applied research on material quality evaluation based on image processing. The algorithm performs image segmentation by binarization, morphological filtering, and region growing, where the binarization threshold is automatically obtained from the input image. After identification of the rhombus shaped indentation footprint, its four vertices are determined using corner detection, which are used to calculate the diagonal lengths and the Vickers hardness number. The proposed procedure has been tested on 185 images of real data obtained by the micro hardness machine Mitutoyo HM-124, mostly from Steel-316 specimens, but also from Hafnium Nitride. Test images include specular-polished and rough surfaces, specimen with artifacts or imperfections, indentations with deformed or damaged edges, and low contrast images. Ground true diagonal lengths obtained in the conventional manual manner by an expert were compared with the results determined by our method. The proposed method achieves competitive accuracy compared to the best known methods, but it is simpler and hence more efficient. © 2018 IEEE.}, +author_keywords={Indentation image; Indentation vertex; Vickers hardness number; Vickers hardness test}, +keywords={Automation; Edge detection; Elastic moduli; Hafnium compounds; Image segmentation; Microhardness; Process control; Vickers hardness; Vickers hardness testing; Applied research; Binarization threshold; Corner detection; Hafnium nitrides; Low contrast image; Material quality; Morphological filtering; Vickers hardness numbers; Indentation}, +type={Conference paper}, +publication_stage={Final}, +source={Scopus}, +note={Cited by: 9} +} +@Comment Dominguez-Nicolas2018 - Indentation Image Analysis for Vickers Hardness Testing:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Yao2006950 - A hardness measuring method based on Hough fuzzy vertex detection algorithm][Yao2006950 - A hardness measuring method based on Hough fuzzy vertex detection algorithm:1]] +@ARTICLE{Yao2006950, +author={Yao, L. and Fang, C.-H.}, +title={A hardness measuring method based on Hough fuzzy vertex detection algorithm}, +journal={IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics}, +year={2006}, +volume={53}, +number={3}, +pages={950-962}, +doi={10.1109/TIE.2006.874259}, +note={cited By 19}, +} +@Comment Yao2006950 - A hardness measuring method based on Hough fuzzy vertex detection algorithm:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Ji2009 - A new method for automatically measurement of Vickers hardness using thick line Hough transform and least square method][Ji2009 - A new method for automatically measurement of Vickers hardness using thick line Hough transform and least square method:1]] +@CONFERENCE{Ji2009, +author={Ji, Y. and Xu, A.}, +title={A new method for automatically measurement of Vickers hardness using thick line Hough transform and least square method}, +journal={Proceedings of the 2009 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, CISP'09}, +year={2009}, +doi={10.1109/CISP.2009.5305653}, +art_number={5305653}, +note={cited By 21}, +} +@Comment Ji2009 - A new method for automatically measurement of Vickers hardness using thick line Hough transform and least square method:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Kang2010337 - Conventional Vickers and true instrumented indentation hardness determined by instrumented indentation tests][Kang2010337 - Conventional Vickers and true instrumented indentation hardness determined by instrumented indentation tests:1]] +@ARTICLE{Kang2010337, +author={Kang, S.-K. and Kim, J.-Y. and Park, C.-P. and Kim, H.-U. and Kwon, D.}, +title={Conventional Vickers and true instrumented indentation hardness determined by instrumented indentation tests}, +journal={Journal of Materials Research}, +year={2010}, +volume={25}, +number={2}, +pages={337-343}, +doi={10.1557/jmr.2010.0045}, +note={cited By 48}, +} +@Comment Kang2010337 - Conventional Vickers and true instrumented indentation hardness determined by instrumented indentation tests:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Gadermayr20127432 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on segmentation performance][Gadermayr20127432 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on segmentation performance:1]] +@ARTICLE{Gadermayr20127432, +author={Gadermayr, M and Maier, A and Uhl, A}, +title={The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on segmentation performance}, +journal={Advances in Visual Computing ISVC 2012 Lecture Notes Computer Science}, +year={2012}, +pages={7432}, +note={cited By 1}, +} +@Comment Gadermayr20127432 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on segmentation performance:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Maier2012123967509 - The AreaMap operator and its application to Vickers hardness testing images][Maier2012123967509 - The AreaMap operator and its application to Vickers hardness testing images:1]] +@ARTICLE{Maier2012123967509, +author={Maier, A and Uhl, A}, +title={The AreaMap operator and its application to Vickers hardness testing images}, +journal={Int. J. Future Gener. Commun. Netw}, +year={2012}, +volume={5}, +pages={123967509}, +note={cited By 1}, +} +@Comment Maier2012123967509 - The AreaMap operator and its application to Vickers hardness testing images:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Maier2013 - Areamap and Gabor filter based Vickers hardness indentation measurement][Maier2013 - Areamap and Gabor filter based Vickers hardness indentation measurement:1]] +@CONFERENCE{Maier2013, +author={Maier, A. and Uhl, A.}, +title={Areamap and Gabor filter based Vickers hardness indentation measurement}, +journal={European Signal Processing Conference}, +year={2013}, +art_number={6811569}, +note={cited By 7}, +} +@Comment Maier2013 - Areamap and Gabor filter based Vickers hardness indentation measurement:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Gadermayr2011 - Algorithms for microindentation measurement in automated Vickers hardness testing][Gadermayr2011 - Algorithms for microindentation measurement in automated Vickers hardness testing:1]] +@CONFERENCE{Gadermayr2011, +author={Gadermayr, M. and Maier, A. and Uhl, A.}, +title={Algorithms for microindentation measurement in automated Vickers hardness testing}, +journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering}, +year={2011}, +volume={8000}, +doi={10.1117/12.890894}, +art_number={80000M}, +note={cited By 14}, +} +@Comment Gadermayr2011 - Algorithms for microindentation measurement in automated Vickers hardness testing:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Papari201179 - Edge and line oriented contour detection: State of the art][Papari201179 - Edge and line oriented contour detection: State of the art:1]] +@ARTICLE{Papari201179, +author={Papari, G. and Petkov, N.}, +title={Edge and line oriented contour detection: State of the art}, +journal={Image and Vision Computing}, +year={2011}, +volume={29}, +number={2-3}, +pages={79-103}, +doi={10.1016/j.imavis.2010.08.009}, +note={cited By 310}, +} +@Comment Papari201179 - Edge and line oriented contour detection: State of the art:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Coelho2015249 - Automatic vickers microhardness measurement based on image analysis][Coelho2015249 - Automatic vickers microhardness measurement based on image analysis:1]] +@CONFERENCE{Coelho2015249, +author={Coelho, B.N. and Guarda, A. and Faria, G.L. and Menotti, D.}, +title={Automatic vickers microhardness measurement based on image analysis}, +journal={Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, IPCV 2015}, +year={2015}, +pages={249-255}, +note={cited By 5}, +} +@Comment Coelho2015249 - Automatic vickers microhardness measurement based on image analysis:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Li2021 - Automated measurement of Vickers hardness using image segmentation with neural networks][Li2021 - Automated measurement of Vickers hardness using image segmentation with neural networks:1]] +@ARTICLE{Li2021, + author = {Li, Zexian and Yin, Feng}, + title = {Automated measurement of Vickers hardness using image segmentation with neural networks}, + year = {2021}, + journal = {Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation}, + volume = {186}, + doi = {10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110200}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116583257&doi=10.1016%2fj.measurement.2021.110200&partnerID=40&md5=d1a91213d8956e1ded797b0fcf8b722b}, + type = {Article}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 9} +} +@Comment Li2021 - Automated measurement of Vickers hardness using image segmentation with neural networks:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Leta2015413 - Metrology by image: Discussing the accuracy of the results][Leta2015413 - Metrology by image: Discussing the accuracy of the results:1]] +@ARTICLE{Leta2015413, +author={Leta, F.R. and Gomes, J.F.S. and Costa, P.B. and De O. Baldner, F.}, +title={Metrology by image: Discussing the accuracy of the results}, +journal={Advanced Structured Materials}, +year={2015}, +volume={70}, +pages={413-432}, +doi={10.1007/978-3-319-19443-1_34}, +note={cited By 9}, +} +@Comment Leta2015413 - Metrology by image: Discussing the accuracy of the results:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Sugimoto1997696 - Development of an automatic Vickers hardness testing system using image processing technology][Sugimoto1997696 - Development of an automatic Vickers hardness testing system using image processing technology:1]] +@ARTICLE{Sugimoto1997696, +author={Sugimoto, T.}, +title={Development of an automatic vickers hardness testing system using image processing technolog takao sugimoto and tadao kawaguchi}, +journal={IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics}, +year={1997}, +volume={44}, +number={5}, +pages={696-702}, +doi={10.1109/41.633474}, +note={cited By 47}, +} +@Comment Sugimoto1997696 - Development of an automatic Vickers hardness testing system using image processing technology:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Maier2012 - Efficient focus assessment for a computer vision-based Vickers hardness measurement system][Maier2012 - Efficient focus assessment for a computer vision-based Vickers hardness measurement system:1]] +@ARTICLE{Maier2012, +author={Maier, A. and Niederbrucker, G. and Stenger, S. and Uhl, A.}, +title={Efficient focus assessment for a computer vision-based Vickers hardness measurement system}, +journal={Journal of Electronic Imaging}, +year={2012}, +volume={21}, +number={2}, +doi={10.1117/1.JEI.21.2.021114}, +art_number={021114}, +note={cited By 9}, +} +@Comment Maier2012 - Efficient focus assessment for a computer vision-based Vickers hardness measurement system:1 ends here + +@Comment [[file:vickers.org::*Otsu197962 - THRESHOLD SELECTION METHOD FROM GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAMS.][Otsu197962 - THRESHOLD SELECTION METHOD FROM GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAMS.:1]] +@ARTICLE{Otsu197962, +author={Otsu, Nobuyuki}, +title={THRESHOLD SELECTION METHOD FROM GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAMS.}, +journal={IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern}, +year={1979}, +volume={SMC-9}, +number={1}, +pages={62-66}, +doi={10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076}, +note={cited By 31932}, +} +@Comment Otsu197962 - THRESHOLD SELECTION METHOD FROM GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAMS.:1 ends here diff --git a/vickers/vickers_old.org b/vickers/vickers_old.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a6a340 --- /dev/null +++ b/vickers/vickers_old.org @@ -0,0 +1,1392 @@ +#+TITLE: Vicker's Hardness Testing +#+FILETAGS: Vickers +#+PROPERTY: header-args:bibtex :tangle vickers.tex +#+PROPERTY: header-args:bibtex :exports bibtex + + +Hardness is not a fundamental property of a material but is a measure of the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material - the less deformation, the harder the substance \footnote{The relationship between hardness and other properties will be discussed in the following sections}. It is commonly used for quality assurance in industry, particularly to determine the success or failure of a particular heat treatment. + +# One way to drive home the idea that hardness is not a fundamental property is that you can't multiply or divide it by anything else. It does not have a physical meaning, despite being something that feels rather common sense. Might be more useful in a presentation tho + +The resistance to deformation is: +H = F/A + +where F is the test force and A is the indentation surface + + +Microhardness testing is ideal for precise sampling of a small region, for a very thin part, a soft sample, or a material with either hard or soft particles you wish to include or exclude from the field of measurement. +The Knoop and Vickers indenters have different aspect ratios. Knoop indenters are elongated and better suited for more precise measurements of layers or for measurements at specific depths. Vickers indenters are more symmetric and better suited for particle hardness measurements. + + +Vicker's indenter is a straight diamond pyramid (with a square +base) with an angle between opposite faces of 136 degrees. + +This form of indenter form has a special advantage - if we assume that the test force and indentation surface are proportional to each other for a given material's hardness, the Vicker's hardness value is independent of the selected test force. In spite of this regularity, a test force independence occurs in most cases for small indentations, for reasons such as surface tension. + + +* Relevant ASTM standards + +To be able to compare hardness values, the equipment, testing procedures, testing method, and evaluation must correspond to particular standards. The following ASTM standards describe the various hardness testing procedures. See Section 12.4.2 for more standards on hardness. + +Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines E 4 +Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials E 10 +Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials E 18 +Standard Test Method for Rapid Indentation Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials E 103 +Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Portable Hardness Testers E 110 +Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Between Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hard-ness and Scleroscope Hardness E 140 +Standard Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials E 448 +Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials E 384 +Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials E 92 + + + + + + +At Vickers hardness testing E 92 the distance between the center of the indenta- +tion and the specimen edge and between the center of two indentations should be +2.5d. When laminated material is tested, a bond surface shall be considered as an +edge for spacing of indentation calculations. + + + + +As the test force or indentation size, or both, decrease, the influence of the speci- +men surface increases. A carefully smoothed and cleaned surface is sufficient when +macro testing, but when micro testing, the specimen must be metallographically/ +materialographically prepared to remove any disruptive roughness or solidified sur- +face layers. If smoothing and polishing are insufficient, the surface can be electrolyti- +cally or chemically treated to have access to mechanically undisrupted areas. If +individual structural constituents are to be tested, additional phase contrasting, for ex- +ample by means of etching, is necessary. + + + +** NoAuthor2018 - Metallic Materials‐Vickers Hardness Test‐Verification and Calibration of Testing Machines + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: NoAuthor2018 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{NoAuthor2018, + journal={Metallic Materials‐Vickers Hardness Test‐Verification and Calibration of Testing Machines}, + year={2018}, + note={cited By 13}, + } + #+END_SRC + +* Traditional methods +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Vickers_ImageAnalysis +:END: + +Traditional simply means through image processing and not through machine learning, not old. + +id:Yao2006950 +id:Ji2009 +id:Coelho2015249 +id:Filho2010 +id:Gadermayr2011 +id:Gadermayr2012 +id:Maier2013 +id:Maier2012123967509 +id:Sugimoto1997696 +id:Zexian2021 +id:Gadermayr2012 +id:Maier2011295 +id:Fedotkin2021357 +id:Polanco2023 +id:Zhao2021 +id:Dominguez-Nicolas2021 +id:Yao2006950 +id:Ji2009 +id:Kang2010337 +id:Filho2010 +id:Gadermayr20127432 +id:Gadermayr2012 +id:Maier2012123967509 +id:Maier2013 +id:Gadermayr2011 +id:Gadermayr2012362 +id:Papari201179 +id:Coelho2015249 +id:Dominguez-Nicolas2018 +id:LimaMoreira2016294 + +** Thresholding & Segmentation +*** Gadermayr20127432 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on segmentation performance +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Gadermayr20127432 +:YEAR: 2012 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + +@ARTICLE{Gadermayr20127432, +author={Gadermayr, M and Maier, A and Uhl, A}, +title={The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on segmentation performance}, +journal={Advances in Visual Computing ISVC 2012 Lecture Notes Computer Science}, +year={2012}, +pages={7432}, +note={cited By 1}, +} + +#+END_SRC + +** Otsu197962 - THRESHOLD SELECTION METHOD FROM GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAMS. +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Otsu197962 +:YEAR: 1979 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Otsu197962, +author={Otsu, Nobuyuki}, +title={THRESHOLD SELECTION METHOD FROM GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAMS.}, +journal={IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern}, +year={1979}, +volume={SMC-9}, +number={1}, +pages={62-66}, +doi={10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076}, +note={cited By 31932}, +} +#+END_SRC +** AreaMap Operator +*** Maier2012123967509 - The AreaMap operator and its application to Vickers hardness testing images +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Maier2012123967509 +:YEAR: 2012 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Maier2012123967509, +author={Maier, A and Uhl, A}, +title={The AreaMap operator and its application to Vickers hardness testing images}, +journal={Int. J. Future Gener. Commun. Netw}, +year={2012}, +volume={5}, +pages={123967509}, +note={cited By 1}, +} +#+END_SRC + +*** Maier2013 - Areamap and Gabor filter based Vickers hardness indentation measurement +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Maier2013 +:YEAR: 2013 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@CONFERENCE{Maier2013, +author={Maier, A. and Uhl, A.}, +title={Areamap and Gabor filter based Vickers hardness indentation measurement}, +journal={European Signal Processing Conference}, +year={2013}, +art_number={6811569}, +note={cited By 7}, +} +#+END_SRC + +** Hough Transform and Line-based methods + +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hough_transform + +id:Macedo2006287 +id:Mendes2003992 + + +*** [#A] Dominguez-Nicolas2021 - Algorithm for automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness using image processing +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Dominguez-Nicolas2021 +:YEAR: 2021 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Dominguez-Nicolas2021, +author={Domínguez-Nicolas, S.M. and Herrera-May, A.L. and García-González, L. and Zamora-Peredo, L. and Hernández-Torres, J. and Martínez-Castillo, J. and Morales-González, E.A. and Cerón-Álvarez, C.A. and Escobar-Pérez, A.}, +title={Algorithm for automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness using image processing}, +year={2021}, +journal={Measurement Science and Technology}, +volume={32}, +number={1}, +doi={10.1088/1361-6501/abaa66}, +url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095813483&doi=10.1088%2f1361-6501%2fabaa66&partnerID=40&md5=845343f4d30261586943a8462c79efc2}, +abstract={In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for the automatic detection and measurement of Vickers indentation hardness, using image processing. This algorithm uses image segmentation via binarization, automatically evaluating the mean and extreme gray values by means of standard histogram equalization so as to determine the optimal binarization threshold from each input image. We use a morphological filter and region growing to identify the indentation footprint. Our algorithm determines the four indentation vertices required to calculate diagonal lengths and Vickers hardness number. This algorithm is applied to 230 indentation images of steel-316 and hafnium nitride specimens, obtained using a micro hardness machine. The proposed algorithm can measure the Vickers hardness number of specimens using their indentation images. The algorithm results have a relative error of less than 3% with respect to those obtained through a conventional manual procedure. This algorithm can be used for indentation images with low contrast and irregular indentation edges. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK}, +author_keywords={Algorithm; Image processing; Indentation; Non-destructive testing; Vickers hardness}, +keywords={Edge detection; Elastic moduli; Hafnium compounds; Image segmentation; Microhardness; Vickers hardness; Automatic Detection; Binarization threshold; Hafnium nitrides; Histogram equalizations; Indentation edge; Morphological filters; Vickers hardness numbers; Vickers indentation; Indentation}, +type={Article}, +publication_stage={Final}, +source={Scopus}, +note={Cited by: 7} +} +#+END_SRC + + +id:Yao2006950 +id:Ji2009 +id:Kang2010337 +id:Filho2010 +id:Gadermayr20127432 +id:Gadermayr2012 +id:Maier2012123967509 +id:Maier2013 +id:Gadermayr2011 +id:Gadermayr2012362 +id:Papari201179 +id:Coelho2015249 +id:Dominguez-Nicolas2018 +id:LimaMoreira2016294 + +*** [#A] Dominguez-Nicolas2018 - Indentation Image Analysis for Vickers Hardness Testing +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Dominguez-Nicolas2018 +:YEAR: 2018 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@CONFERENCE{Dominguez-Nicolas2018, +author={Dominguez-Nicolas, Saul M. and Wiederhold, Petra}, +title={Indentation Image Analysis for Vickers Hardness Testing}, +year={2018}, +journal={2018 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control, CCE 2018}, +doi={10.1109/ICEEE.2018.8533881}, +url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058450690&doi=10.1109%2fICEEE.2018.8533881&partnerID=40&md5=c0246c530ebdd96633f00bcd79c00a05}, +abstract={The paper presents a novel algorithm for detection and measurement of indentations in Vickers hardness testing images, within a specific case of applied research on material quality evaluation based on image processing. The algorithm performs image segmentation by binarization, morphological filtering, and region growing, where the binarization threshold is automatically obtained from the input image. After identification of the rhombus shaped indentation footprint, its four vertices are determined using corner detection, which are used to calculate the diagonal lengths and the Vickers hardness number. The proposed procedure has been tested on 185 images of real data obtained by the micro hardness machine Mitutoyo HM-124, mostly from Steel-316 specimens, but also from Hafnium Nitride. Test images include specular-polished and rough surfaces, specimen with artifacts or imperfections, indentations with deformed or damaged edges, and low contrast images. Ground true diagonal lengths obtained in the conventional manual manner by an expert were compared with the results determined by our method. The proposed method achieves competitive accuracy compared to the best known methods, but it is simpler and hence more efficient. © 2018 IEEE.}, +author_keywords={Indentation image; Indentation vertex; Vickers hardness number; Vickers hardness test}, +keywords={Automation; Edge detection; Elastic moduli; Hafnium compounds; Image segmentation; Microhardness; Process control; Vickers hardness; Vickers hardness testing; Applied research; Binarization threshold; Corner detection; Hafnium nitrides; Low contrast image; Material quality; Morphological filtering; Vickers hardness numbers; Indentation}, +type={Conference paper}, +publication_stage={Final}, +source={Scopus}, +note={Cited by: 9} +} +#+END_SRC + + +*** Gadermayr2012 - Robust algorithm for automated microindentation measurement in Vickers hardness testing + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Gadermayr2012 + :YEAR: 2012 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012, + author={Gadermayr, M. and Maier, A. and Uhl, A.}, + title={Robust algorithm for automated microindentation measurement in Vickers hardness testing}, + journal={Journal of Electronic Imaging}, + year={2012}, + volume={21}, + number={2}, + doi={10.1117/1.JEI.21.2.021109}, + art_number={021109}, + note={cited By 12}, + } + #+END_SRC + +*** Maier2011295 - Robust automatic indentation localisation and size approximation for Vickers microindentation hardness indentations + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Maier2011295 + :YEAR: 2011 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @CONFERENCE{Maier2011295, + author={Maier, A. and Uhl, A.}, + title={Robust automatic indentation localisation and size approximation for Vickers microindentation hardness indentations}, + journal={ISPA 2011 - 7th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis}, + year={2011}, + pages={295-300}, + art_number={6046622}, + note={cited By 12}, + } + #+END_SRC + +*** Macedo2006287 - Using Hough transform as an auxiliary technique for Vickers hardness measurement +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Macedo2006287 +:YEAR: 2006 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Macedo2006287, +author={Macedo, M. and Mendes, V.B. and Conci, A. and Leta, F.R.}, +title={Using hough transform as an auxiliary technique for vickers hardness measurement}, +journal={Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processin (IWSSIP'06)}, +year={2006}, +pages={287-290}, +note={cited By 12}, +} +#+END_SRC + +*** Mendes2003992 - Automatic measurement of Brinell and Vickers hardness using computer vision techniques +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Mendes2003992 +:YEAR: 2003 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Mendes2003992, +author={Mendes, V. and Leta, F.}, +title={Automatic measurement of Brinell and Vickers hardness using computer vision techniques}, +journal={Proceedings of the XVII IMEKO World Congress}, +year={2003}, +pages={992-995}, +note={cited By 16}, +} +#+END_SRC + +*** Yao2006950 - A hardness measuring method based on Hough fuzzy vertex detection algorithm +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Yao2006950 +:YEAR: 2006 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Yao2006950, +author={Yao, L. and Fang, C.-H.}, +title={A hardness measuring method based on Hough fuzzy vertex detection algorithm}, +journal={IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics}, +year={2006}, +volume={53}, +number={3}, +pages={950-962}, +doi={10.1109/TIE.2006.874259}, +note={cited By 19}, +} + +#+END_SRC + +*** Papari201179 - Edge and line oriented contour detection: State of the art +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Papari201179 +:YEAR: 2011 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Papari201179, +author={Papari, G. and Petkov, N.}, +title={Edge and line oriented contour detection: State of the art}, +journal={Image and Vision Computing}, +year={2011}, +volume={29}, +number={2-3}, +pages={79-103}, +doi={10.1016/j.imavis.2010.08.009}, +note={cited By 310}, +} + +#+END_SRC + +*** Ji2009 - A new method for automatically measurement of Vickers hardness using thick line Hough transform and least square method +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Ji2009 +:YEAR: 2009 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@CONFERENCE{Ji2009, +author={Ji, Y. and Xu, A.}, +title={A new method for automatically measurement of Vickers hardness using thick line Hough transform and least square method}, +journal={Proceedings of the 2009 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, CISP'09}, +year={2009}, +doi={10.1109/CISP.2009.5305653}, +art_number={5305653}, +note={cited By 21}, +} + +#+END_SRC + +*** Zexian2021 - A Novel coarse-to-fine Localization Algorithm for Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Zexian2021 + :YEAR: 2021 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @CONFERENCE{Zexian2021, + author={Zexian, L. and Feng, Y.}, + title={A Novel coarse-to-fine Localization Algorithm for Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement}, + journal={Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, + year={2021}, + volume={1996}, + number={1}, + doi={10.1088/1742-6596/1996/1/012001}, + art_number={012001}, + note={cited By 3}, + } + #+END_SRC + +*** Fedotkin2021357 - Automatic Processing of Microhardness Images Using Computer Vision Methods + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Fedotkin2021357 + :YEAR: 2021 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Fedotkin2021357, + author={Fedotkin, A.P. and Laktionov, I.V. and Kravchuk, K.S. and Maslenikov, I.I. and Useinov, A.S.}, + title={Automatic Processing of Microhardness Images Using Computer Vision Methods}, + journal={Instruments and Experimental Techniques}, + year={2021}, + volume={64}, + number={3}, + pages={357-362}, + doi={10.1134/S0020441221030180}, + note={cited By 5}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** Active Contour Detection + +id:Chan2001266 +id:Cohen1991211 +id:Gadermayr20131183 + +*** Chan2001266 - Active contours without edges +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Chan2001266 +:YEAR: 2001 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Chan2001266, +author={Chan, T.F. and Vese, L.A.}, +title={Active contours without edges}, +journal={IEEE Transactions on Image Processing}, +year={2001}, +volume={10}, +number={2}, +pages={266-277}, +doi={10.1109/83.902291}, +note={cited By 9291}, +} +#+END_SRC + +*** Cohen1991211 - On active contour models and balloons +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Cohen1991211 +:YEAR: 1991 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Cohen1991211, +author={Cohen, L.D.}, +title={On active contour models and balloons}, +journal={CVGIP: Image Understanding}, +year={1991}, +volume={53}, +number={2}, +pages={211-218}, +doi={10.1016/1049-9660(91)90028-N}, +note={cited By 1828}, +} +#+END_SRC + +*** [#A] LimaMoreira2016294 - A novel Vickers hardness measurement technique based on Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: LimaMoreira2016294 + :YEAR: 2016 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{LimaMoreira2016294, + author = {Lima Moreira, Francisco Diego and Kleinberg, Maurício Nunes and Arruda, Hemerson Furtado and Costa Freitas, Francisco Nélio and Valente Parente, Marcelo Monteiro and De Albuquerque, Victor Hugo Costa and Rebouças Filho, Pedro Pedrosa}, + title = {A novel Vickers hardness measurement technique based on Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method}, + year = {2016}, + journal = {Expert Systems with Applications}, + volume = {45}, + pages = {294 – 306}, + doi = {10.1016/j.eswa.2015.09.025}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946234376&doi=10.1016%2fj.eswa.2015.09.025&partnerID=40&md5=db1918b7a7f7a4e31a52b0837821fa93}, + abstract = {Among the forms of assessment of materials to use in a particular application there is the measuring systems of Vickers hardness. This measurement is performed manually by experts, being very interpretative and subjective, which usually leads to variability of the Vickers hardness value between observers and even for the same observer. The experience of the skilled in measurement will determine if the material can be used for an application or not. There are some works use traditional methods to perform the measurement of Vickers hardness for Digital Image Processing (DIP). This work's main objective has been to propose a new methodology capable of determining the Vickers Hardness testing values from indentation images by using the Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Methods. The results of the hardness measurement using the Adaptive Balloon Active Contour Method (ABACM) were significant compared to other methods, by observing the MSE obtained from the measured Vickers hardness, the value by obtained ABACM method is three times lower than the Region Growing method, and five times lower than Watershed method. In addition, the measurement method was carried out in 1.2 ± 0.3 s. The proposed method stands out for not requiring pre-processing and post-processing steps, because its mathematical formulation is robust to noise in this application. It is worth highlighting que Significantly cam close to the two specialists, Demonstrating que can be used to aid in measuring the Vickers hardness. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, + author_keywords = {Active Contour Method; Adaptive Balloon; Image segmentation; Vickers hardness}, + keywords = {Balloons; Image processing; Image segmentation; Vickers hardness testing; Active contour method; Digital image processing (DIP); Hardness measurement; Mathematical formulation; Measurement methods; Measuring systems; Region growing methods; Vickers hardness measurements; Vickers hardness}, + type = {Article}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 31} + } + #+END_SRC + +*** [#A] Gadermayr20131183 - Active contours methods with respect to Vickers indentations + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Gadermayr20131183 + :YEAR: 2013 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Gadermayr20131183, + author = {Gadermayr, Michael and Maier, Andreas and Uhl, Andreas}, + title = {Active contours methods with respect to Vickers indentations}, + year = {2013}, + journal = {Machine Vision and Applications}, + volume = {24}, + number = {6}, + pages = {1183 – 1196}, + doi = {10.1007/s00138-012-0478-5}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880824940&doi=10.1007%2fs00138-012-0478-5&partnerID=40&md5=7eae8fca4224ccd8fffb1e0ba41c7d93}, + abstract = {We investigate different Vickers indentation segmentation methods and especially concentrate on active contours approaches as these techniques are known to be precise state of the art segmentation methods. Particularly, different kinds of level set-based methods which are improvements of the traditional active contours are analyzed. In order to circumvent the initialization problem of active contours, we separate the segmentation process into two stages. For the first stage, we introduce an approach which approximately locates the indentations with a high certainty. The results achieved with this method serve as initializations for the precise active contours (second stage). This two-stage approach delivers highly precise results for most real world indentation images. However, there are images, which are very difficult to segment. To handle even such images, our segmentation method is incorporated with the Shape from Focus approach, by including 3D information. In order to decrease the overall runtime, moreover, a gradual enhancement approach based on unfocused images is introduced. With three different databases, we compare the proposed methods and we show that the segmentation accuracy of these methods is highly competitive compared with other approaches in the literature. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.}, + author_keywords = {Active contours; Focus; Shape Prior; Vickers}, + keywords = {Focusing; Indentation; Numerical methods; Active contours; Initialization Problem; Segmentation accuracy; Segmentation methods; Segmentation process; Shape priors; Two-stage approaches; Vickers; Image segmentation}, + type = {Article}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 10} + } + #+END_SRC + +id:Gadermayr2012 +id:Gadermayr2011 +id:Maier2011295 +id:Nayar1992302 +id:Harada2010492 +id:Osher198812 +id:Cremers2007195 + +*** Osher198812 - Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Osher198812 +:YEAR: 1988 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + +@ARTICLE{Osher198812, +author={Osher, S. and Sethian, J.A.}, +title={Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations}, +journal={Journal of Computational Physics}, +year={1988}, +volume={79}, +number={1}, +pages={12-49}, +doi={10.1016/0021-9991(88)90002-2}, +note={cited By 11814}, +} +#+END_SRC + +** Depth/Shape through focus +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Vickers_ShapeFocus +:END: + +id:Gadermayr2012468 claims that use of Shape-from-Focus information is advantageos in images where traditional methods decrease. + +id:Gadermayr2012149 +id:Gadermayr2012468 +id:Gadermayr20131183 +id:Nayar1992302 +id:Harada2010492 +id:Cremers2007195 +id:Zhao2021 + + + +*** [#A] Gadermayr2012149 - Image segmentation of vickers indentations using shape from focus +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Gadermayr2012149 +:YEAR: 2012 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012149, +author={Gadermayr, Michael and Uhl, Andreas}, +title={Image segmentation of vickers indentations using shape from focus}, +year={2012}, +journal={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, +volume={7324 LNCS}, +number={PART 1}, +pages={149–157}, +doi={10.1007/978-3-642-31295-3_18}, +url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864128731&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-31295-3_18&partnerID=40&md5=7adb00f5fd3df6de04ae8cf17e3e478f}, +abstract={To measure the hardness of a material, an indenter is pressed into the material and the deformation is measured. As we focus on Vickers hardness testing, our exercise is to compute the diagonal lengths of a square indentation. We especially investigate if it is possible to reconstruct the shape of the indentation by the use of the Shape-from-Focus method. We show that the shape information alone does not contain enough information for a robust segmentation. However, we incorporate the depth information into an effective existing approach and achieve significantly better results. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.}, +keywords={Image analysis; Image segmentation; Vickers hardness testing; Depth information; Indenters; Robust segmentation; Shape from focus; Shape information; Vickers indentation; Indentation}, +type={Conference paper}, +publication_stage={Final}, +source={Scopus}, +note={Cited by: 2} +} +#+END_SRC + +*** [#A] Gadermayr2012468 - The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on the segmentation performance + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Gadermayr2012468 + :YEAR: 2012 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012468, + author = {Gadermayr, Michael and Maier, Andreas and Uhl, Andreas}, + title = {The impact of unfocused Vickers indentation images on the segmentation performance}, + year = {2012}, + journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, + volume = {7432 LNCS}, + number = {PART 2}, + pages = {468 – 478}, + doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-33191-6_46}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866707751&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-33191-6_46&partnerID=40&md5=e296307bc7cb04a2677e812877b0867e}, + abstract = {Whereas common Vickers indentation segmentation algorithms are precise with high quality images, low quality images often cannot be segmented appropriately. We investigate an approach, where unfocused images are segmented. On the one hand, the segmentation accuracy of low quality images can be improved. On the other hand we aim in reducing the overall runtime of the hardness testing method. We introduce one approach based on single unfocused images and one gradual enhancement approach based on image series. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.}, + keywords = {Artificial intelligence; High quality images; Image series; Low qualities; Runtimes; Segmentation accuracy; Segmentation algorithms; Segmentation performance; Vickers indentation; Image segmentation}, + type = {Conference paper}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 2} + } + #+END_SRC + +*** [#A] Gadermayr2012362 - Dual-resolution active contours segmentation of vickers indentation images with shape prior initialization + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Gadermayr2012362 + :YEAR: 2012 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Gadermayr2012362, + author = {Gadermayr, Michael and Uhl, Andreas}, + title = {Dual-resolution active contours segmentation of vickers indentation images with shape prior initialization}, + year = {2012}, + journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, + volume = {7340 LNCS}, + pages = {362 – 369}, + doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-31254-0_41}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865682634&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-31254-0_41&partnerID=40&md5=25ee8d6f32287c4d6d1b1105e04e4a1d}, + abstract = {Vickers microindentation imagery is segmented using the Chan-Vese level-set approach. In order to find a suitable initialization, we propose to apply a Shape-Prior gradient descent approach to a significantly resolution-reduced image. Subsequent local Hough transform leads to a very high accuracy of the overall approach. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.}, + keywords = {Hough transforms; Signal processing; Active contours; Gradient descent; Level set approach; Shape priors; Vickers indentation; Vickers microindentation; Image segmentation}, + type = {Conference paper}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access} + } + #+END_SRC + +id:Gadermayr2011 +id:Maier2011295 +id:Ji2009 +id:Yao2006950 +id:Sugimoto1997696 +id:Osher198812 +id:Cremers2007195 + + +id:Macedo2006287 +id:Mendes2003992 + +id:Chan2001266 +id:Cohen1991211 + +*** Nayar1992302 - Shape from focus system +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Nayar1992302 +:YEAR: 1992 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@CONFERENCE{Nayar1992302, +author={Nayar, S.K.}, +title={Shape from focus system}, +journal={Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}, +year={1992}, +volume={1992-June}, +pages={302-308}, +doi={10.1109/CVPR.1992.223259}, +art_number={223259}, +note={cited By 100}, +} +#+END_SRC + +*** Harada2010492 - Robust method for position measurement of vertex of polyhedron using shape from focus +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Harada2010492 +:YEAR: 2010 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Harada2010492, +author={Harada, T.}, +title={Robust method for position measurement of vertex of polyhedron using shape from focus}, +journal={Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems and Manufacturing}, +year={2010}, +volume={4}, +number={2}, +pages={492-503}, +doi={10.1299/jamdsm.4.492}, +note={cited By 1}, +} +#+END_SRC + +*** Cremers2007195 - A review of statistical approaches to level set segmentation: Integrating color, texture, motion and shape +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Cremers2007195 +:YEAR: 2007 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + +@ARTICLE{Cremers2007195, +author={Cremers, D. and Rousson, M. and Deriche, R.}, +title={A review of statistical approaches to level set segmentation: Integrating color, texture, motion and shape}, +journal={International Journal of Computer Vision}, +year={2007}, +volume={72}, +number={2}, +pages={195-215}, +doi={10.1007/s11263-006-8711-1}, +note={cited By 856}, +} +#+END_SRC + + + +*** Zhao2021 - Automatic and Accurate Measurement of Microhardness Profile Based on Image Processing + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Zhao2021 + :YEAR: 2021 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Zhao2021, + author={Zhao, Y.J. and Xu, W.H. and Xi, C.Z. and Liang, D.T. and Li, H.N.}, + title={Automatic and Accurate Measurement of Microhardness Profile Based on Image Processing}, + journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, + year={2021}, + volume={70}, + doi={10.1109/TIM.2021.3067191}, + art_number={9381729}, + note={cited By 26}, + } + #+END_SRC + + +*** Focus Assessment + +**** Maier2012 - Efficient focus assessment for a computer vision-based Vickers hardness measurement system +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Maier2012 +:YEAR: 2012 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Maier2012, +author={Maier, A. and Niederbrucker, G. and Stenger, S. and Uhl, A.}, +title={Efficient focus assessment for a computer vision-based Vickers hardness measurement system}, +journal={Journal of Electronic Imaging}, +year={2012}, +volume={21}, +number={2}, +doi={10.1117/1.JEI.21.2.021114}, +art_number={021114}, +note={cited By 9}, +} + +#+END_SRC + +** Texture-based +*** [#A] Wang2009624 - Application of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices algorithm in material vickers hardness image segmentation + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Wang2009624 + :YEAR: 2009 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @CONFERENCE{Wang2009624, + author = {Wang, Guitang and Zhu, Jianlin and Cao, Peiliang}, + title = {Application of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices algorithm in material vickers hardness image segmentation}, + year = {2009}, + journal = {3rd International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application, IITA 2009}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {624 – 627}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77649306252&doi=10.1109%2fIITA.2009.167&partnerID=40&md5=4849475b47bfd9d8908ace4918e28070}, + abstract = {The algorithm of fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrices is proposed and is applied to material Vickers hardness image segmentation. Based on the characteristics of the indentation images, this article uses texture features to extract the indentation silhouette from the point view of texture segmentation. We adopt fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrix algorithm to describe the texture characteristics of the indentation image, forming a n-dimensional feature vector, introducing EPNSQ to smooth the features. Finally we combine with the k-means clustering algorithm to get texture segmentation result. The experiment demonstrates that in the material Vickers hardness image segmentation the proposed algorithm was significantly effective and robust. © 2009 IEEE.}, + author_keywords = {Co-occurrence matrices; Fractal dimension; K-means clustering; Textural segmentation; Vickers hardness indentation}, + keywords = {Cobalt compounds; Digital image storage; Feature extraction; Fractal dimension; Image segmentation; Information technology; Partial discharges; Textures; Vickers hardness; Vickers hardness testing; Water supply systems; Co-occurrence matrices; Co-occurrence-matrix; K-means clustering; Textural segmentation; Vickers hardness indentation; Clustering algorithms}, + type = {Conference paper}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 1} + } + #+END_SRC + +*** [#A] Wang2012451 - Unsupervised texture segmentation based on redundant wavelet transform + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Wang2012451 + :YEAR: 2012 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Wang2012451, + author = {Wang, Guitang and Liu, Wenjuan and Wang, Ruihuang and Huang, Xiaowu and Wang, Feng}, + title = {Unsupervised texture segmentation based on redundant wavelet transform}, + year = {2012}, + journal = {Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing}, + volume = {116 AISC}, + number = {VOL. 1}, + pages = {451 – 456}, + doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-11276-8_59}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862107805&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-11276-8_59&partnerID=40&md5=095db16f45c7e484bf58140a5f052ee5}, + abstract = {The algorithm of Redundant Wavelet Transform (RWT) and laws texture measurement is proposed and applied to image segmentation. Based on the characteristics of the indentation images, this article uses texture features to extract the indentation silhouette from the point view of texture segmentation. We adopt Redundant Wavelet Transform and laws texture measurement algorithm to describe the texture characteristics of the indentation image, forming a n-dimensional feature vector, introducing texture features smoothing algorithm based on quadrant to smooth the features. Finally we combine with the improved k-means clustering algorithm to get texture segmentation result. The experiment demonstrates that in the material Vickers hardness image segmentation the proposed algorithm was significantly effective and robust. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.}, + author_keywords = {improved k-means clustering algorithm; laws texture measurement; RWT; Texture segmentation}, + keywords = {Algorithms; Image texture; Textures; Wavelet transforms; Feature vectors; K-Means clustering algorithm; Redundant wavelet transform; RWT; Smoothing algorithms; Texture characteristics; Texture features; Texture measurement; Texture segmentation; Unsupervised texture segmentation; Image segmentation}, + type = {Conference paper}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 0} + } + #+END_SRC + + +** Misc +*** [#A] Filho2010 - Brinell and Vickers hardness measurement using image processing and analysis techniques + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Filho2010 + :YEAR: 2010 + :END: + +file:Filho2010.pdf + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Filho2010, + author = {Filho, Pedro Pedrosa Rebouças and Da Silveira Cavalcante, Tarique and De Albuquerque, Victor Hugo C. and Tavares, João Manuel R. S.}, + title = {Brinell and Vickers hardness measurement using image processing and analysis techniques}, + year = {2010}, + journal = {Journal of Testing and Evaluation}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + doi = {10.1520/JTE102220}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953261780&doi=10.1520%2fJTE102220&partnerID=40&md5=aa15ade4858326835c57be5e43afef81}, + abstract = {Mechanical hardness testing is fundamental in the evaluation of the mechanical properties of metallic materials due to the fact that the hardness values allow one to determine the wear resistance of the material involved, as well as the approximate values of its ductility and flow tension, among a number of other key characteristics. As a result, the main objective of the present work has been the development and analysis of a computational methodology capable of determining the Brinell and Vickers hardness values from hardness indentation images, which are based on image processing and analysis algorithms. In order to validate the methodology that has been developed, comparisons of the results resulting from the consideration of ten indentation image samples obtained through the conventional manual hardness measurement approach and a computational methodology have been carried out. This analysis allows one to conclude that the semi-automatic measurement of Vickers and Brinell hardnesses by the computational approach is easier, faster, and less dependent on the operator's subjectivity. Copyright © 2010 by ASTM International.}, + author_keywords = {Computational system; Computational vision; Histogram binarization; Image segmentation; Indentation images; Manual hardness measurement; Region growing; Testing and evaluation}, + keywords = {Digital image storage; Graphic methods; Image segmentation; Imaging systems; Materials properties; Materials testing; Mathematical operators; Mechanical properties; Vickers hardness; Vickers hardness testing; Wear resistance; Binarizations; Computational system; Computational vision; Hardness measurement; Histogram binarization; Region growing; Testing and evaluation; Measurements}, + type = {Article}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 37} + } + #+END_SRC + + +*** Gadermayr2011 - Algorithms for microindentation measurement in automated Vickers hardness testing +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Gadermayr2011 +:YEAR: 2011 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@CONFERENCE{Gadermayr2011, +author={Gadermayr, M. and Maier, A. and Uhl, A.}, +title={Algorithms for microindentation measurement in automated Vickers hardness testing}, +journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering}, +year={2011}, +volume={8000}, +doi={10.1117/12.890894}, +art_number={80000M}, +note={cited By 14}, +} + +#+END_SRC + +*** Coelho2015249 - Automatic vickers microhardness measurement based on image analysis +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Coelho2015249 +:YEAR: 2015 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@CONFERENCE{Coelho2015249, +author={Coelho, B.N. and Guarda, A. and Faria, G.L. and Menotti, D.}, +title={Automatic vickers microhardness measurement based on image analysis}, +journal={Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, IPCV 2015}, +year={2015}, +pages={249-255}, +note={cited By 5}, +} +#+END_SRC + +** Polanco2023 - Automatic Method for Vickers Hardness Estimation by Image Processing + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Polanco2023 + :YEAR: 2023 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Polanco2023, + author={Polanco, J.D. and Jacanamejoy-Jamioy, C. and Mambuscay, C.L. and Piamba, J.F. and Forero, M.G.}, + title={Automatic Method for Vickers Hardness Estimation by Image Processing}, + journal={Journal of Imaging}, + year={2023}, + volume={9}, + number={1}, + doi={10.3390/jimaging9010008}, + art_number={8}, + note={cited By 3}, + } + #+END_SRC + +* Propagation of Error +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Vickers_PropagationOfError +:END: + +id:Gontarski2022 +id:Dijmarescu2020 +id:Elizabeth2019317 + + + +** Gontarski2022 - Weightings on the Propagation of Errors in the Vickers Hardness Parameters + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Gontarski2022 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Gontarski2022, + author={Gontarski, T.L. and Leal, A.P. and Casali, R.M. and Braun, S.E. and Soares, P. and Fujarra, A.L.C. and Mikowski, A.}, + title={Weightings on the Propagation of Errors in the Vickers Hardness Parameters}, + journal={Brazilian Journal of Physics}, + year={2022}, + volume={52}, + number={4}, + doi={10.1007/s13538-022-01110-x}, + art_number={107}, + note={cited By 2}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** Dijmarescu2020 - Design and Development of a Software for the Estimation of the Vickers Hardness Measurement Uncertainty + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Dijmarescu2020 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @CONFERENCE{Dijmarescu2020, + author={Dijmarescu, M.C. and Dijmarescu, M.R.}, + title={Design and Development of a Software for the Estimation of the Vickers Hardness Measurement Uncertainty}, + journal={IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering}, + year={2020}, + volume={916}, + number={1}, + doi={10.1088/1757-899X/916/1/012026}, + art_number={012026}, + note={cited By 3}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** Elizabeth2019317 - Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation in Vickers Hardness Scale Using Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and Monte Carlo Simulation + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Elizabeth2019317 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Elizabeth2019317, + author={Elizabeth, I. and Kumar, R. and Garg, N. and Asif, M. and Manikandan, R.M. and Girish and Titus, S.S.K.}, + title={Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation in Vickers Hardness Scale Using Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and Monte Carlo Simulation}, + journal={Mapan - Journal of Metrology Society of India}, + year={2019}, + volume={34}, + number={3}, + pages={317-323}, + doi={10.1007/s12647-019-00341-9}, + note={cited By 9}, + } + #+END_SRC + +* Vickers using Machine learning + +** [#A] Li20241 - Lightweight Segmentation Neural Networks for Measuring Vickers Hardness +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Li20241 +:YEAR: 2024 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Li20241, +author={Li, Zexian and Cai, Chenglin and Yin, Feng and Guan, Wenhui and Fang, Yun}, +title={Lightweight Segmentation Neural Networks for Measuring Vickers Hardness}, +year={2024}, +journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, +volume={73}, +pages={1–9}, +doi={10.1109/TIM.2023.3343788}, +url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182355288&doi=10.1109%2fTIM.2023.3343788&partnerID=40&md5=61e46553223ac203e083bfb1caa97d9f}, +abstract={— The automatic measurement algorithm for Vickers hardness indentation has been widely applied. Among these, the neural network-based method has received attention for its excellent segmentation performance. However, high storage space and computation requirements hinder its promotion on edge computing devices. To address this issue, this study proposes two lightweight Vickers indentation segmentation networks: VSNLite4M and VSNLite1M. Compared with previous methods, the proposed networks achieve a reduction of 35.2× in terms of computational cost with up to 38× fewer parameters, while maintaining the same level of segmentation accuracy. © 2023 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.}, +author_keywords={Automatic measurement; hardness testing; image segmentation; neural network; Vicker hardness}, +keywords={Edge computing; Feature extraction; Image segmentation; Job analysis; Vickers hardness; Automatic measurements; Convolutional neural network; Edge computing; Features extraction; Images segmentations; Length measurement; Neural-networks; Task analysis; Vicker hardness; Neural networks}, +type={Article}, +publication_stage={Final}, +source={Scopus}, +note={Cited by: 0} +} +#+END_SRC + +id:Li2021 +id:LimaMoreira2016294 +id:Dominguez-Nicolas2021 +id:Dominguez-Nicolas2018 +id:Gadermayr20131183 +id:Zexian2021 +id:NoAuthor2005 +id:Gadermayr2012 +id:Dijmarescu2020 +id:Elizabeth2019317 +id:Baldner2020265 +id:Maier2011295 +id:Fedotkin2021357 +id:Polanco2023 +id:Zhao2021 +id:Tanaka2018 +id:Tanaka20201345 +id:Chen20221043 +id:Tanaka2019 +id:Cheng2022 +id:Dovale-Farelo2022 +id:Jalilian20213 +id:Cai2023 +# id:Lin20175168 +# id:Qin2020 +# id:Valanarasu2022 +# id:Howard20191314 +# id:Mehta0000 +# id:He2016770 +# id:Sandler20184510 +# id:Srinivas202116514 +# id:Zhou2020680 +# id:He2016630 +# id:Dogan2022 +# id:Liang2020 +# id:Li20194277 +# id:Bloice20194522 +# id:Buslaev2020 +# id:Gontarski2022 +# id:NoAuthor2018 + +** Chen20221043 - Automatic Measurement Algorithm for Brinell Indentations Based on Convolutional Neural Network + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Chen20221043 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Chen20221043, + author={Chen, Y. and Fang, Q. and Tian, H. and Li, S. and Song, Z. and Li, J.}, + title={Automatic Measurement Algorithm for Brinell Indentations Based on Convolutional Neural Network}, + journal={Sensors and Materials}, + year={2022}, + volume={34}, + number={3}, + pages={1043-1056}, + doi={10.18494/SAM3780}, + note={cited By 2}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** Tanaka2019 - Measuring Brinell hardness indentation by using a convolutional neural network + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Tanaka2019 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Tanaka2019, + author={Tanaka, Y. and Seino, Y. and Hattori, K.}, + title={Measuring Brinell hardness indentation by using a convolutional neural network}, + journal={Measurement Science and Technology}, + year={2019}, + volume={30}, + number={6}, + doi={10.1088/1361-6501/ab150f}, + art_number={065012}, + note={cited By 12}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** Cheng2022 - Vickers Hardness Value Test via Multi-Task Learning Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Augmentation + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Cheng2022 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Cheng2022, + author={Cheng, W.-S. and Chen, G.-Y. and Shih, X.-Y. and Elsisi, M. and Tsai, M.-H. and Dai, H.-J.}, + title={Vickers Hardness Value Test via Multi-Task Learning Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Augmentation}, + journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)}, + year={2022}, + volume={12}, + number={21}, + doi={10.3390/app122110820}, + art_number={10820}, + note={cited By 12}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** Dovale-Farelo2022 - Vickers hardness prediction from machine learning methods + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Dovale-Farelo2022 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Dovale-Farelo2022, + author={Dovale-Farelo, V. and Tavadze, P. and Lang, L. and Bautista-Hernandez, A. and Romero, A.H.}, + title={Vickers hardness prediction from machine learning methods}, + journal={Scientific Reports}, + year={2022}, + volume={12}, + number={1}, + doi={10.1038/s41598-022-26729-3}, + art_number={22475}, + note={cited By 1}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** Jalilian20213 - Deep Learning Based Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Jalilian20213 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Jalilian20213, + author={Jalilian, E. and Uhl, A.}, + title={Deep Learning Based Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement}, + journal={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, + year={2021}, + volume={13053 LNCS}, + pages={3-13}, + doi={10.1007/978-3-030-89131-2_1}, + note={cited By 5}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** Cai2023 - Automatic Vickers Hardness Measurement With Neural Network Segmentation + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Cai2023 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Cai2023, + author={Cai, C. and Li, Z. and Yin, F. and Wang, Z. and Chen, Y.}, + title={Automatic Vickers Hardness Measurement With Neural Network Segmentation}, + journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, + year={2023}, + volume={72}, + doi={10.1109/TIM.2022.3227986}, + art_number={2501111}, + note={cited By 2}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** [#A] Li2021 - Automated measurement of Vickers hardness using image segmentation with neural networks +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Li2021 +:YEAR: 2021 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Li2021, + author = {Li, Zexian and Yin, Feng}, + title = {Automated measurement of Vickers hardness using image segmentation with neural networks}, + year = {2021}, + journal = {Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation}, + volume = {186}, + doi = {10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110200}, + url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116583257&doi=10.1016%2fj.measurement.2021.110200&partnerID=40&md5=d1a91213d8956e1ded797b0fcf8b722b}, + type = {Article}, + publication_stage = {Final}, + source = {Scopus}, + note = {Cited by: 9} +} +#+END_SRC + + +id:Baldner2020265 +id:Leta2015413 +id:Sugimoto1997696 +id:Maier2012 +id:Gadermayr2012 +id:Maier2011295 +id:Ji2009 +id:Filho2010 +id:Maier2013 +id:Dominguez-Nicolas2021 +id:Gadermayr20131183 +id:LimaMoreira2016294 +id:Tanaka2019 +id:Tanaka2018 +id:Tanaka20201345 +id:Otsu197962 + +** Tanaka2018 - Vickers hardness measurement by using convolutional neural network +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Tanaka2018 +:YEAR: 2018 +:END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @CONFERENCE{Tanaka2018, + author={Tanaka, Y. and Seino, Y. and Hattori, K.}, + title={Vickers hardness measurement by using convolutional neural network}, + journal={Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, + year={2018}, + volume={1065}, + number={6}, + doi={10.1088/1742-6596/1065/6/062001}, + art_number={062001}, + note={cited By 6}, + } + #+END_SRC + +** Tanaka20201345 - Automated Vickers hardness measurement using convolutional neural networks + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Tanaka20201345 + :YEAR: 2020 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Tanaka20201345, + author={Tanaka, Y. and Seino, Y. and Hattori, K.}, + title={Automated Vickers hardness measurement using convolutional neural networks}, + journal={International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, + year={2020}, + volume={109}, + number={5-6}, + pages={1345-1355}, + doi={10.1007/s00170-020-05746-4}, + note={cited By 13}, + } + #+END_SRC + +* Papers that look at the material properties +** Sangwal2003511 - Analysis of the indentation size effect in the microhardness measurement of some cobalt-based alloys +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Sangwal2003511 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Sangwal2003511, +author={Sangwal, K. and Surowska, B. and Blaziak, P.}, +title={Analysis of the indentation size effect in the microhardness measurement of some cobalt-based alloys}, +journal={Materials Chemistry and Physics}, +year={2003}, +volume={77}, +number={2}, +pages={511-520}, +doi={10.1016/S0254-0584(02)00086-X}, +note={cited By 111}, +} +#+END_SRC + +Great description of Vicker's hardness and how to analyze experimental data. + + + + +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Vickers_MachineLearning +:END: + +id:Li20241 +id:Tanaka2018 +id:Tanaka20201345 +id:Chen20221043 +id:Tanaka2019 +id:Cheng2022 +id:Dovale-Farelo2022 +id:Jalilian20213 +id:Cai2023 +# id:Lin20175168 +# id:Qin2020 + +** Kang2010337 - Conventional Vickers and true instrumented indentation hardness determined by instrumented indentation tests +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Kang2010337 +:YEAR: 2010 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Kang2010337, +author={Kang, S.-K. and Kim, J.-Y. and Park, C.-P. and Kim, H.-U. and Kwon, D.}, +title={Conventional Vickers and true instrumented indentation hardness determined by instrumented indentation tests}, +journal={Journal of Materials Research}, +year={2010}, +volume={25}, +number={2}, +pages={337-343}, +doi={10.1557/jmr.2010.0045}, +note={cited By 48}, +} +#+END_SRC + +* Review papers + +** Sugimoto1997696 - Development of an automatic Vickers hardness testing system using image processing technology +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Sugimoto1997696 +:YEAR: 1997 +:END: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Sugimoto1997696, +author={Sugimoto, T.}, +title={Development of an automatic vickers hardness testing system using image processing technolog takao sugimoto and tadao kawaguchi}, +journal={IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics}, +year={1997}, +volume={44}, +number={5}, +pages={696-702}, +doi={10.1109/41.633474}, +note={cited By 47}, +} + +#+END_SRC + +** Leta2015413 - Metrology by image: Discussing the accuracy of the results +:PROPERTIES: +:ID: Leta2015413 +:YEAR: 2015 +:END: + +#+BEGIN_SRC bibtex +@ARTICLE{Leta2015413, +author={Leta, F.R. and Gomes, J.F.S. and Costa, P.B. and De O. Baldner, F.}, +title={Metrology by image: Discussing the accuracy of the results}, +journal={Advanced Structured Materials}, +year={2015}, +volume={70}, +pages={413-432}, +doi={10.1007/978-3-319-19443-1_34}, +note={cited By 9}, +} + +#+END_SRC + +** Baldner2020265 - A Review on Computer Vision Applied to Mechanical Tests in Search for Better Accuracy + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: Baldner2020265 + :YEAR: 2020 + :END: + + #+BEGIN_SRC bibtex + @ARTICLE{Baldner2020265, + author={Baldner, F.O. and Costa, P.B. and Gomes, J.F.S. and Leta, F.R.}, + title={A Review on Computer Vision Applied to Mechanical Tests in Search for Better Accuracy}, + journal={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, + year={2020}, + pages={265-281}, + doi={10.1007/978-981-13-9806-3_9}, + note={cited By 8}, + } + #+END_SRC + + + +